Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
  • E04B9/00—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation
  • E04B9/04—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like
  • E04B9/045—Ceilings; Construction of ceilings, e.g. false ceilings; Ceiling construction with regard to insulation comprising slabs, panels, sheets or the like being laminated
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
  • B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
  • B44C1/17—Dry transfer
  • B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
  • B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
  • B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
  • B44C1/17—Dry transfer
  • B44C1/1712—Decalcomanias applied under heat and pressure, e.g. provided with a heat activable adhesive
  • B44C1/1716—Decalcomanias provided with a particular decorative layer, e.g. specially adapted to allow the formation of a metallic or dyestuff layer on a substrate unsuitable for direct deposition
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
  • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
  • B44C5/0438—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers containing stone elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
  • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
  • B44C5/0446—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers bearing graphical information
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
  • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
  • B44C5/00—Processes for producing special ornamental bodies
  • B44C5/04—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers
  • B44C5/0461—Ornamental plaques, e.g. decorative panels, decorative veneers used as wall coverings
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
  • E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
  • E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
  • E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
  • E04F13/0871—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements having an ornamental or specially shaped visible surface

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a process for the productipn of variously decorated plastered structural and/or decorative elements, in particular for the building field, such as covering panels, false ceilings, partitions and the like, with excellent characteristics of stability to light and weathering and polluting agents, as well as of mechanical strength.
• the present invention also relates to the so obtained structural and decorative plastered elements.
• the decoration or painting of mortar plasters, utilized especially in the building field, is usually carried out according to known decoration and coloring techniques, such as brush or spray or roll varnishing or painting directly coated on walls.
• the decoration and painting techniques range from silk-screen techniques, known also in ceramics, to the more recent painting techniques making use of photomechanical processes or the like.
• the characteristic shared by these techniques is that of allowing the decoration and the painting on the surface of the mortar plaster by operating directly on the surface of the same once the artifact has been obtained either in the form of a wall or a panel covering.
• the paints adhere to the surface of the plaster, restraining all the process and resistance limits to the environment conditions, well known to everybody as deteriorating even art masterpieces.
• Object of the present invention is to realize a process for the production of plastered and decorated panels, partitions, door and window frames, false ceilings and the like, to be used as structural and decorative elements in the building field, for internal fittings, town-fittings, and the like.
• Another object of the invention is to realize a process for the production of plastered panels and the like for the building field and fittings in general, said panels bearing a decoration resistant to weathering and light as well as to mechanical stresses, such as bending, impacts, etc.
• a further object is to provide plastered structural elements for the building field and fittings bearing multi-color decorations and also "antique-imitation” decorations, i.e. decorations that imitate and/or reproduce paintings realized in ancient times, as they appear at present.
• the transfer decoration technique consists in the transfer of a decoration realized with sublimable colors on a flexible backing such as paper, fabric, plastics or the like, from said backing to the article to be decorated by means of the combined action of pressure and temperature applied to the flexible backing, which is caused to adhere to the article by suitable means, as described for instance in the European Patent no. 0817728 owned by the same applicant, as well as by FR 2203321, EP 544603, etc.
• said process comprises the following steps:
• the material which said rigid or semi-rigid backing is made from is selected from among ferrous metals, non-ferrous metals and light alloys, marble, stone, ceramics, bricks, cement type materials, glass, wood plates, and wood derivatives, special plastic materials and composites.
• Said backing from rigid or semi-rigid material may be in the form of sheets, slabs, tubes, tapes, sections or the like, and may have a size of up to 8000x2000 mm. In general, any material may be used, provided it is resistant to temperatures of up to 250°C, i.e. the temperatures at which the sublimable color transfer operations are carried out.
• the sublimation transfer of the preparatory decoration to the surface of the rigid backing may be carried out by means of processes and apparatuses such as: a press with a flat compressing element, a calender, a two-frame press with flexible and impermeable membranes, plus vacuum utilization, a sucking rigid platen with a flexible and impermeable membrane, plus vacuum utilization, a sucking platen or impermeable plastic films bearing the decoration to be transferred, utilized in combination with vacuum and without contact elastic membranes.
• Said films are of the heat-formable type and of the heat-retractable type. These films are available in the form of tubes, tapes and sheets.
• silicone rubber tubes may be utilized wherein the backings to be decorated may be inserted wrapped up in papers, yielding fabrics bearing the preparatory pattern to be transferred, also in this case in combination with vacuum.
• the conditions of the transfer process for the preparatory decoration may be the following:
• Plaster is a plastic mixture of various inorganic and organic ingredients and binders with water, that hardens upon drying and heating and the various chemical reactions that occur between the various ingredients and binders, creating a cured and hardened layer.
• the plaster according to the invention may be coated on the backing by roll, brush, knife, trowel, spray or other coating means.
• the thickness may be obtained by one or more layers, and the same may range from 0,5 mm to about 5 mm.
• the plaster has been coated on the backing and dried at room temperature and moisture for a time ranging from 1 hour to 24 hours, the same is introduced in a hot and dry air oven, finally hardened and dried at a temperature comprised between 60°C and 250°C for a time comprised between 1' and 30'.
• the previously printed preparatory decoration spreads through the thickness of the plaster, which has a porosity and a permeability suitable for the purpose. It must allow, in fact, the diffusion of the pigments through its thickness up to the surface.
• the plaster according to the invention is also very resistant to the formation of fractures, thermal shocks and the bending of the backing up to very low angles of less than some millimeters.
• said step of submitting to drying and heating said backing comprising said decoration and said plaster layer is carried out under pressure.
• Pressure is applied either by compressing means such as internally heated rolls or pads that are pressed against the surface of the plaster during the heating step, or, when the size and shape of the structural elements allow it, by introducing said element in heated pressurized containers, such as autoclaves or the like.
• the pressure applied is comprised in the range between 0,1 Ate and 7 Ate.
• the flow of a sublimation-generated gas that transports the pigments from the preparatory pattern to the backing surface through the solid porous means, such as a plaster mortar, is caused, according to the present invention, by the continuity and motion equations already known and typical of the processes that describe the passage of a fluid, a liquid or a gas, through a solid porous means, such as plaster mortar.
• the main parameters that must be controlled in the present invention may be grouped into two main groups:
• the mortar thickness of 0,2 mm is gone through by 5 g of ablative gas in 30 sec. per m 2 surface at the temperature of 180°C and for a pressure difference of 0,7 kg/cm 2 .
• Carbon fibers contribute with their presence both to the porosity of the plaster between their links and to the increase in porosity, given their intrinsically porous structure.
• the inorganic material of the plaster has also a function of activation of the absorption of the ablative gas such as to facilitate the transfer of dyes.
• the ablative pigments transferred to the backing of a plaster operates as a pre-constituted deposit, like one on a paper, to transfer on the polymerized surface (painted) of the pores of the same plaster mortar, causing therefore the surfacing of the prefabricated patterns on its external surface.
• the flow of ablative gases linearly depend on pressure, inversely proportionally on the thickness of plaster, but especially on its permeability that depends on the material and especially its porosity and the specific weight of the ablative gas; permeability is a property of the material, the specific weight is a property of the ablative gas that, in its turn, depends on the process temperature.
• the plaster mortar according to the present invention has convenient porosity values ⁇ through its thickness, and therefore a given permeability f of the gas coming from the paint system of the preparatory patterns on the backing surface.
• Such ablative gas at a given temperature has a determined specific weight and succeeds in going through mortar porosity by means of an extraction flow caused by the pressure difference ⁇ applied on the plaster surface of the wall facing the room.
• the one or multi-color decoration is realized on the plaster layer according to the invention after having gone through the thickness of said plaster.
• the decoration takes place because of the surfacing on the plaster of colors coming by sublimation from pigments transfer-deposited on the plaster backing surface and going through the thickness of plaster in the form of a gas due to sublimation of the same.
• Temperature T and pressure P are two variables that depend on the process and that determine the time necessary and therefore the efficiency of the process.
• said plaster has a permeability f comprised between 10 -4 and 10 -7 kg/(m 2 ⁇ sec).
• the intrinsic properties of the plaster mortar according to the present invention must take into account three types of characteristics:
• the above plaster mortar had demonstrated sufficient a, b, c properties and a porosity such as to impart the ablative gas a permeability f that has given good experimental results as a function of the specific weight of the ablative gas at given temperatures T and pressures ⁇ p of the experimented process.
• Fracturing resistance and cracking resistance are high thanks to the presence of carbon fibers and confirmed by the fact that no fracturing or cracking appear on flexible backing panels, such as aluminum and steel panels, even by 180° radius bending.
• the process according to the present invention is realized also by utilizing different types of mortar, provided they satisfy the above indicated characteristics.
• the process comprises the following steps:
• This variant of the invention allows to simplify to some extent the process; according to such variant, the diffusion of the pigments that form the decoration occurs from the outside towards the inside of the plaster layer, instead of from the inside towards the outside as described above.
• a transfer preparatory pattern was deposited, taking care to leave it incomplete in order to allow a subsequent ablation once the aforementioned mortar composition has been coated. Such incomplete ablation is a variant of the process.
• the thickness of the plaster mortar is a variable of the process, and thicknesses have been selected in the range from 0,2 to 0,5 mm.
• the plaster coating was realized by means of a spraying device particularly suitable to obtain thickness uniformity and surface compactness.
• the panel is left in an oven, wherein the optimum temperature and pressure conditions are created. See formula (2) for the transfer of the preparatory pattern to the plaster surface through its thickness that after some time appears even in intense colors.
• a variously decorated structural and/or decorative element is obtained for use in the building field, fittings and the like, such as panels, partitions, false ceiling and the like, which element comprises:

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Architecture (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Electromagnetism (AREA)
• Finishing Walls (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8167899

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (1)

Cited By (3)

Citations (4)

• 2000
  • 2000-02-18 EP EP00103541A patent/EP1125761A1/fr not_active Withdrawn

Patent Citations (4)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

Similar Documents

Legal Events