EP1170823A1 - Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre - Google Patents
Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1170823A1 EP1170823A1 EP01401597A EP01401597A EP1170823A1 EP 1170823 A1 EP1170823 A1 EP 1170823A1 EP 01401597 A EP01401597 A EP 01401597A EP 01401597 A EP01401597 A EP 01401597A EP 1170823 A1 EP1170823 A1 EP 1170823A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- butler
- matrix
- antenna according
- antenna
- matrices
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 103
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
- H01Q25/007—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device
- H01Q25/008—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns using two or more primary active elements in the focal region of a focusing device lens fed multibeam arrays
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/2658—Phased-array fed focussing structure
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
- H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
- H01Q3/34—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means
- H01Q3/40—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array by electrical means with phasing matrix
Definitions
- FIG. 1 there is shown a territory 10 covered by an antenna on board a geostationary satellite and n zones 12 1 , 12 2 , ..., 12 n .
- 4 sub-bands of frequencies f1, f2, f3, f4 are used.
- the command to be applied to phase shifters in series with low noise amplifiers is particularly simple.
- the invention also applies to an antenna of emission with an analogous structure.
- the inputs of the first Butler type matrix receive the signals to emit, while these are the outputs of the second matrix of Butler type which are connected to the radiating elements.
- amplifiers of power instead of low noise amplifiers, for such transmitting antennas, amplifiers of power.
- Each pair of Butler matrices corresponds, from preferably several zones. It is even possible to predict a single Butler matrix for all of the zones. However, for reasons of simplicity of implementation, it is preferable to provide several Butler matrices. In this case, some radiant elements can be assigned to two matrices of Butler different. In this hypothesis, a breakdown of a amplifier associated with a Butler matrix of a pair of such matrices leads to degradation of signals for the set of beams associated with the Butler matrix corresponding. On the other hand if there is no breakdown amplifier for the Butler matrix of the same pair, it turns will then produce an attenuation for the corresponding subzones to the first matrix of the pair while there will be no attenuation for the subzones of the second matrix of the pair.
- the radiating element associated with two Butler type matrices be connected to the inputs (or outputs) of these two matrices via a 3dB coupler and that an analog coupler is provided at the outputs (or the entries) corresponding to Butler type matrices inverses.
- each output (entry) of the first Butler type matrix and each entry (output) corresponding to the inverse Butler type matrix, we provides amplifiers in parallel, for example associated by 90 ° couplers.
- the receiving antenna shown in Figure 3 includes, like the antenna shown in Figure 2, a reflector (not shown in Figure 3) and a plurality of radiating elements 22 1 , .., 22 N arranged in the vicinity of the focal area of the receiver.
- each input receives the signal from a radiating element.
- the Butler matrix 50 j has eight inputs 52 1 to 52 8 and the input 52 1 receives the signal from the radiating element 22 k + 1 while the input 52 8 receives the signal from the radiating element 22 k +8 .
- the radiating elements 22 k + 1 to 22 k + 8 are, in one embodiment, all assigned to the same zone, that is to say to the same beam. However, as indicated above, some of these radiating elements also contribute to the formation of other beams for adjacent zones.
- the energy of radiation 70 corresponds to diagram 74 shown in solid lines, and the energy of radiation 72 corresponds to diagram 76 shown in broken lines.
- an incorrect orientation of the antenna corresponds to an offset of the radiation in the focal plane, and the element radiant designed to capture the most energy from a given direction receives the latter only with strong mitigation.
- the shift results in a significant loss of gain and alteration of the insulation.
- the invention allows a correction of pointing or a displacement of the zones on the ground of a greater simplicity than the solution represented on figure 2. It takes advantage of the presence of the dies of Butler 50 j .
- the phase front 80 k + 1 is simply inclined relative to the desired phase front 82 k + 1 .
- the signal of each beam is distributed over all the outputs of the corresponding matrix 50 j with a given phase slope; the slopes corresponding to each entry are separated by a fixed value, constant for a given order matrix.
- to carry out the repointing that is to say the desired correction, it suffices to rectify the slope by providing a phase shifter associated with each output of the matrix 50 j .
- the lines 80 k + 1 and 82 k + 1 show the distribution of the phases on the outputs 56 k + 1 to 56 k + 8 for the signals coming from the radiating element 22 k + 1 .
- the lines 80 k + 3 and 82 k + 3 correspond to the phase distributions on the outputs for the signal coming from the radiating element 22 k + 3 while the lines 80 k + 7 and 82 k + 7 correspond to the phases on all the outputs for the signals supplied by the 22 k + 7 radiating element.
- phase shifter 84 is provided downstream of the low noise amplifier 52.
- the phase shifter 84 k + 1 in FIG. 4 is connected to the output of the amplifier 62 k + 1 by through an attenuator 86 k + 1 and the output of the phase shifter 84 k + 1 is connected to the corresponding input of the inverse matrix 54 j .
- the attenuators controllable 86 allow equalization of the gain of amplifiers 62. They also allow compensation in failure of one (or more) weak amplifier (s) noise connected to a matrix coupled to the 50j matrix, as we will see it later.
- Such a two-dimensional matrix is of realization complex; it may also present losses detrimental to the antenna noise temperature. But, it allows a simultaneous repointing in two orthogonal planes and it reduces the impact of a breakdown by coupling a higher number between them low noise amplifiers.
Landscapes
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
- Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- au moins une première matrice de type Butler dont chaque entrée reçoit le signal d'un élément rayonnant et à chaque sortie de laquelle est associé un amplificateur à faible bruit en série avec un déphaseur et, de préférence, un atténuateur,
- une seconde matrice de type Butler inverse de la première comportant un nombre d'entrées égal au nombre de sorties de la première et un nombre de sorties égal au nombre d'entrées de la première matrice de type Butler, les sorties de la seconde matrice étant recombinées pour former les faisceaux des zones, et
- des moyens de commandes des déphaseurs et, le cas échéant, des atténuateurs, pour corriger, ou modifier, les faisceaux.
- la figure 1, déjà décrite, montre un territoire divisé en zones qui est couvert par une antenne à bord d'un satellite géostationnaire,
- la figure 2, également déjà décrite, représente une antenne de réception de l'état antérieur de la technique,
- les figures 3 et 4 sont des schémas montrant des parties d'antennes de réception conformes à l'invention,
- la figure 5 est un schéma d'une variante d'une partie d'antenne selon l'invention,
- la figure 6 représente une matrice de Butler d'ordre 64,
- la figure 7 est un schéma d'une matrice de Butler d'ordre 4,
- la figure 8 est un schéma d'une matrice de Butler d'ordre 16,et
- la figure 9 est un schéma d'une antenne de réception montrant d'autres dispositions de l'invention.
Claims (14)
- Antenne de réception (ou d'émission) pour satellite géostationnaire d'un système de télécommunication destiné à couvrir un territoire divisé en zones, le faisceau destiné à chaque zone étant défini à partir de plusieurs éléments rayonnants, ou sources, disposés au voisinage du plan focal d'un réflecteur, l'antenne comportant des moyens pour modifier les emplacements de zones ou pour corriger un défaut de pointage de l'antenne, caractériséeen ce qu'elle comprend au moins une première matrice (50i) de type Butler dont chaque entrée (ou sortie) est connectée à un élément rayonnant (22k+1,..., 22k+8) et dont chaque sortie (ou entrée) (56k+1,..., 56k+8) est reliée à une entrée correspondante d'une matrice (54i) de type Butler inverse par l'intermédiaire d'un amplificateur (62k+1) et d'un déphaseur (84k+1), les sorties (ou entrées) des matrices de type Butler inverse étant associées à un réseau formateur de faisceaux, et,en ce que les déphaseurs sont commandés pour déplacer les zones ou corriger les défauts de pointage,la première matrice et la matrice de type Butler inverse permettant de répartir l'énergie reçue par chaque élément rayonnant sur l'ensemble des amplificateurs afin qu'une panne de l'un de ces derniers ait un effet uniformément réparti sur tous les signaux de sorties.
- Antenne selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que chaque matrice de type Butler présente un nombre d'entrées égal à son nombre de sorties.
- Antenne selon la revendication 1 ou 2 caractérisée en ce qu'un atténuateur (86k+1) est en série avec chaque amplificateur et chaque déphaseur de façon à permettre d'égaliser les gains des amplificateurs.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend au moins deux matrices de type Butler (M1, M2) à entrées (ou sorties) connectées aux éléments rayonnants, au moins l'un (22q) des éléments rayonnants étant connecté à la fois à une entrée de la première matrice (M1) et à une entrée de la seconde matrice (M2) de type Butler.
- Antenne selon la revendication 4 caractérisée en ce que l'élément rayonnant associé à deux matrices de type Butler est connecté aux entrées (ou sorties) de ces deux matrices par l'intermédiaire d'un coupleur 3dB (142) et en ce qu'un coupleur analogue (144) est prévu aux sorties (ou aux entrées) correspondantes des matrices de type Butler inverses.
- Antenne selon la revendication 4 ou 5 caractérisée en qu'elle comprend, en série avec chaque amplificateur et déphaseur, un atténuateur (86k+1) qui, en cas de panne d'un amplificateur associé à une matricé, atténue les signaux de sorties de l'autre matrice de type Butler, afin d'homogénéiser les signaux de sorties de ces deux matrices.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'entre chaque sortie (entrée) de la première matrice de type Butler et chaque entrée (sortie) correspondante de la matrice de type Butler inverse, on prévoit des amplificateurs en parallèle (62k+1, 62'k+1), par exemple associés par des coupleurs 90° (88, 90).
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que pour corriger une déviation angulaire et repointer simultanément tous les faisceaux; les déphaseurs sont commandés pour modifier la pente du front de phase des signaux de sortie de la première matrice de type Butler.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'étant destinée à la réception, la première matrice de type Butler comporte des moyens de filtrage pour éliminer les bandes de fréquences d'émission.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que la matrice de type Butler inverse et le réseau formateur de faisceaux forment un ensemble unique.
- Antenne selon la revendication 3 ou 6 caractérisée en ce que l'atténuateur en série avec chaque amplificateur présente une dynamique inférieure à 3dB.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que les matrices de Butler sont d'ordre huit ou seize.
- Antenne selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte une première série de premières matrices de Butler disposées dans des plans parallèles et une seconde série de premières matrices de Butler disposée également dans des plans parallèles à une direction différente de celle de la première série, de façon à permettre le déplacement des zones, ou des corrections de défaut de pointage dans deux directions différentes et, ainsi, dans toutes les directions de la zone couverte par l'antenne.
- Antenne selon la revendication 13 caractérisée en ce que les directions des deux séries de premières matrices de Butler sont orthogonales.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0008794 | 2000-07-06 | ||
| FR0008794A FR2811480B1 (fr) | 2000-07-06 | 2000-07-06 | Antenne de telecommunication destinee a couvrir une large zone terrestre |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1170823A1 true EP1170823A1 (fr) | 2002-01-09 |
| EP1170823B1 EP1170823B1 (fr) | 2006-09-06 |
Family
ID=8852173
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01401597A Expired - Lifetime EP1170823B1 (fr) | 2000-07-06 | 2001-06-18 | Antenne de télécommunication destinée à couvrir une large zone terrestre |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6650281B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1170823B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5007005B2 (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE339023T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2351119A1 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE60122832T2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2811480B1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1972030A4 (fr) * | 2006-01-13 | 2010-11-24 | Lockheed Martin Corp Maryland | Charge reconfigurable utilisant une antenne de reflecteur non ciblee pour des satellites hieo et geo |
| EP2429036A1 (fr) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-14 | Centre National D'etudes Spatiales | Antenne de télécommunication multifaisceaux embarquée sur un satellite à grande capacité et système de télécommunication associé |
| US8354956B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2013-01-15 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Space segment payload architecture for mobile satellite services (MSS) systems |
| FR3053166A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-28 | 2017-12-29 | Centre Nat D'etudes Spatiales (Cnes) | Source multi-faisceaux pour antenne multi-faisceaux |
| EP3758146A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | Thales | Formateur analogique multifaisceaux bidimensionnel de complexité réduite pour antennes réseaux actives reconfigurables |
Families Citing this family (11)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2826511B1 (fr) | 2001-06-21 | 2003-12-19 | Cit Alcatel | Procede de repointage pour antenne reseau a reflecteur |
| KR100457180B1 (ko) * | 2002-08-31 | 2004-11-16 | 한국전자통신연구원 | 능동 위상 배열 안테나 시스템의 신호 결합 장치 |
| FR2860648B1 (fr) * | 2003-10-03 | 2006-02-24 | Agence Spatiale Europeenne | Antenne de satellite de communication multi-faisceaux presentant une compensation de defaillance |
| JP4795096B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-25 | 2011-10-19 | 村角工業株式会社 | 医療検査用カセット |
| JP2012222725A (ja) * | 2011-04-13 | 2012-11-12 | Toshiba Corp | アクティブアレイアンテナ装置 |
| US9806428B2 (en) | 2013-06-16 | 2017-10-31 | Siklu Communication ltd. | Systems and methods for forming, directing, and narrowing communication beams |
| US9413078B2 (en) | 2013-06-16 | 2016-08-09 | Siklu Communication ltd. | Millimeter-wave system with beam direction by switching sources |
| US20160036403A1 (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2016-02-04 | Wilson Electronics, Llc | Multiple-port signal boosters |
| CA3058814A1 (fr) | 2017-04-06 | 2018-10-11 | Wilson Electronics, Llc | Techniques pour configurer la puissance ou le gain d'un repeteur |
| CN109066102A (zh) * | 2018-06-29 | 2018-12-21 | 中国联合网络通信集团有限公司 | 波束形成网络、子天线阵列和用于铁路系统的双波束天线 |
| JP2023019196A (ja) * | 2021-07-28 | 2023-02-09 | 国立大学法人東北大学 | 電波反射装置及びバックスキャッタ通信方法 |
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| US3917998A (en) * | 1973-11-02 | 1975-11-04 | Communications Satellite Corp | Butler matrix transponder |
| EP0355979A2 (fr) * | 1988-08-17 | 1990-02-28 | British Aerospace Public Limited Company | Montage amplificateur de puissance |
| EP0368121A1 (fr) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-16 | Alcatel Espace | Antenne à balayage électronique |
| FR2750258A1 (fr) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-26 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Systeme de conformation de faisceau zonal reconfigurable pour une antenne embarquee sur un satellite en orbite et procede d'optimisation de la reconfiguration |
| WO1998050981A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-12 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Systeme d'antenne radio |
| EP0963006A2 (fr) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-08 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Réseau d'antennes de satellite à commande de phase à faisceaux reconfigurables |
| EP0963005A2 (fr) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-08 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Antenne à réflecteur de satellite avec un réseau d' alimentation pour faisceaux reconfigurables |
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| US4356461A (en) * | 1981-01-14 | 1982-10-26 | The Bendix Corporation | Practical implementation of large Butler matrices |
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| JPH0884022A (ja) * | 1994-09-12 | 1996-03-26 | Uchu Tsushin Kiso Gijutsu Kenkyusho:Kk | マルチビーム送信系 |
| JPH09284046A (ja) * | 1996-04-11 | 1997-10-31 | Jisedai Eisei Tsushin Hoso Syst Kenkyusho:Kk | マルチビーム給電装置 |
| US5689272A (en) * | 1996-07-29 | 1997-11-18 | Motorola, Inc. | Method and system for producing antenna element signals for varying an antenna array pattern |
| US5955920A (en) * | 1997-07-29 | 1999-09-21 | Metawave Communications Corporation | Signal feed matrix LPA reduction system and method |
-
2000
- 2000-07-06 FR FR0008794A patent/FR2811480B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2001
- 2001-06-18 AT AT01401597T patent/ATE339023T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-06-18 DE DE60122832T patent/DE60122832T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-18 EP EP01401597A patent/EP1170823B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-06-19 CA CA002351119A patent/CA2351119A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2001-07-02 US US09/895,413 patent/US6650281B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-07-02 JP JP2001200441A patent/JP5007005B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3917998A (en) * | 1973-11-02 | 1975-11-04 | Communications Satellite Corp | Butler matrix transponder |
| EP0355979A2 (fr) * | 1988-08-17 | 1990-02-28 | British Aerospace Public Limited Company | Montage amplificateur de puissance |
| EP0368121A1 (fr) * | 1988-11-03 | 1990-05-16 | Alcatel Espace | Antenne à balayage électronique |
| FR2750258A1 (fr) * | 1996-06-24 | 1997-12-26 | Europ Agence Spatiale | Systeme de conformation de faisceau zonal reconfigurable pour une antenne embarquee sur un satellite en orbite et procede d'optimisation de la reconfiguration |
| WO1998050981A1 (fr) * | 1997-05-07 | 1998-11-12 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Systeme d'antenne radio |
| EP0963006A2 (fr) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-08 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Réseau d'antennes de satellite à commande de phase à faisceaux reconfigurables |
| EP0963005A2 (fr) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-08 | Hughes Electronics Corporation | Antenne à réflecteur de satellite avec un réseau d' alimentation pour faisceaux reconfigurables |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1972030A4 (fr) * | 2006-01-13 | 2010-11-24 | Lockheed Martin Corp Maryland | Charge reconfigurable utilisant une antenne de reflecteur non ciblee pour des satellites hieo et geo |
| US8354956B2 (en) | 2006-01-13 | 2013-01-15 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Space segment payload architecture for mobile satellite services (MSS) systems |
| EP2429036A1 (fr) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-14 | Centre National D'etudes Spatiales | Antenne de télécommunication multifaisceaux embarquée sur un satellite à grande capacité et système de télécommunication associé |
| FR2964800A1 (fr) * | 2010-09-10 | 2012-03-16 | Centre Nat Etd Spatiales | Antenne de telecommunication multifaisceaux embarquee sur un satellite a grande capacite et systeme de telecommunication associe |
| US8780000B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2014-07-15 | Centre National D'etudes Spatiales | Multi-beam telecommunication antenna onboard a high-capacity satellite and related telecommunication system |
| FR3053166A1 (fr) * | 2016-06-28 | 2017-12-29 | Centre Nat D'etudes Spatiales (Cnes) | Source multi-faisceaux pour antenne multi-faisceaux |
| EP3758146A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-27 | 2020-12-30 | Thales | Formateur analogique multifaisceaux bidimensionnel de complexité réduite pour antennes réseaux actives reconfigurables |
| FR3098024A1 (fr) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-01-01 | Thales | Formateur analogique multifaisceaux bidimensionnel de complexité réduite pour antennes réseaux actives reconfigurables |
| US11670840B2 (en) | 2019-06-27 | 2023-06-06 | Thales | Two-dimensional analogue multibeam former of reduced complexity for reconfigurable active array antennas |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6650281B2 (en) | 2003-11-18 |
| CA2351119A1 (fr) | 2002-01-06 |
| DE60122832D1 (de) | 2006-10-19 |
| JP5007005B2 (ja) | 2012-08-22 |
| US20020005800A1 (en) | 2002-01-17 |
| FR2811480B1 (fr) | 2006-09-08 |
| DE60122832T2 (de) | 2007-04-12 |
| JP2002111361A (ja) | 2002-04-12 |
| EP1170823B1 (fr) | 2006-09-06 |
| FR2811480A1 (fr) | 2002-01-11 |
| ATE339023T1 (de) | 2006-09-15 |
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