EP1222031B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontrollierten bewegen und plazieren von flüssigkeitstropfen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontrollierten bewegen und plazieren von flüssigkeitstropfen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1222031B1 EP1222031B1 EP00966067A EP00966067A EP1222031B1 EP 1222031 B1 EP1222031 B1 EP 1222031B1 EP 00966067 A EP00966067 A EP 00966067A EP 00966067 A EP00966067 A EP 00966067A EP 1222031 B1 EP1222031 B1 EP 1222031B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- substrate
- ultraphobic
- electrodes
- substrate according
- hydrophobic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/02—Burettes; Pipettes
- B01L3/0241—Drop counters; Drop formers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
- B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
- B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
- B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
- B01L3/502769—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
- B01L3/502784—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics
- B01L3/502792—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics for moving individual droplets on a plate, e.g. by locally altering surface tension
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
- B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
- B01L2300/089—Virtual walls for guiding liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
- B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
- B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
- B01L2400/0403—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces
- B01L2400/0415—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific forces electrical forces, e.g. electrokinetic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for moving and metering liquid quantities on a microscopic scale with a volume of in particular 10 -12 to 10 -6 liters with an electric field using a carrier with an ultraphobic surface optionally in combination with an ultraphobic dosing tip ,
- the object is achieved by providing a method for Microdosing liquid droplets solved in which the liquid droplets with an inhomogeneous electric field on a support with an ultraphobic surface be moved lossless.
- the invention relates to a substrate according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 10 and a method according to Claim 16 and uses of the substrate according to claims 14 and 15.
- the manipulator is an electrically charged tip or a wire, in particular a tip or a wire with an ultraphobic surface used.
- the tension can vary greatly depending on Geometry of the arrangement.
- a liquid drop according to the invention consists of any liquid and preferably has a volume of 10 -12 to 10 -6 liters, more preferably from 10 -9 to 10 -6 liters. According to the invention, such a drop is moved without loss with a displaceable electric field on an ultraphobic surface.
- liquid drop by means of the electric field divided off a liquid reservoir.
- Several drops of liquid can by means of of the electric field united on an ultraphobic surface and to be mixed. All of these process steps can also be in any Combined with each other.
- the electric field is between a Tip, which preferably has a diameter of 0.01 to 1 mm, any Length has an ultraphobic surface, and one preferably metallic carrier. With this tip drops of liquid on the ultraphoben Surface moved. This makes the tip an ultraphobic surface have no liquid components adhere to the tip.
- liquid reservoir of the Device on an arrangement for electrostatic charging.
- Ultraphobic surfaces according to the invention are characterized in that the Contact angle of a water drop lying on the surface, more than 150 ° is and the roll angle does not exceed 10 °.
- a rolling angle here is the inclination angle of a basically planar but textured surface against the horizontal understood, where a standing Drops of water of volume 10 ⁇ l due to gravity is moved when the Surface is tilted.
- Such an ultraphobic surface is described in international patent application WO 99/10322.
- a hydrophobic material in the context of the invention is a material that is on a even, non-textured surface a contact angle, relative to water, of greater than 90 °.
- An oleophobic material in the context of the invention is a material which is based on a even, non-textured surface a contact angle, based on long-chain n-alkanes, such as n-decane, of greater than 90 °.
- the ultraphobic surface is an aluminum surface that has microstructures provided, anodized, optionally gesealt, calcined, optionally with coated with a primer layer and then with a hydrophobic and / or oleophobic coating is provided, as it is in the international Patent application WO 99/10323 is described.
- the manipulator and / or the carrier can be made entirely of aluminum or preferably has an aluminum coating, wherein the aluminum, such as treated above.
- the ultraphobic surface is an aluminum surface that optionally anodically oxidized, with hot water or steam gesealt, optionally coated with a primer layer and then with a hydrophobic and / or oleophobic coating is provided, as in the international patent application WO 99/10324.
- the dosing tip can be made entirely of aluminum or preferably has one Aluminum coating, wherein the aluminum treated as stated above becomes.
- the ultraphobic surface is preferably a surface which is coated with Ni (OH) 2 particles, optionally coated with an adhesion promoter and subsequently provided with a hydrophobic and / or oleophobic coating, as described in international patent application WO 99/10111 is.
- the Ni (OH) 2 particles have a diameter d 50 of 0.5 to 20 microns.
- the ultraphobic surface is made Tungsten carbide structured with a laser, optionally with a coupling agent coated and then with a hydrophobic and / or oleophobic Cover is provided, as in the international patent application WO 99/10113 is described.
- the metering tip is only with Tungsten carbide, which is then treated as indicated above.
- the tungsten carbide has a layer thickness of 10 to 500 microns.
- the surface is sandblasted with a blasting agent, optionally coated with a primer layer and then with a provided hydrophobic and / or oleophobic coating, as in the international Patent application WO 99/10112 is described.
- Suitable as a hydrophobic and / or oleophobic coating of said surfaces all interface-active repellents with any molecular weights. at these compounds are cationic, anionic, amphoteric and / or non-ionic surface-active compounds, such as e.g. in the register "Surfactants Europe, A Dictionary of Surface Active Agents available in Europe, Edited by Gordon L. Hollis, Royal Socity of Chemistry, Cambridge, 1995 become.
- anionic repellents which may be mentioned are: alkyl sulfates, Ether sulfates, ether carboxylates, phosphate esters, sulfosuccinates, sulfosuccinamides, Paraffin sulfonates, olefin sulfonates, sarcosinates, isothionates, taurates and lingnins Links.
- cationic repellent auxiliary agents are, for example, quaternary alkylammonium compounds and to call imidazoles.
- Amphoteric repellents are, for example, betaines, glycinates, propionates and imidazoles.
- Nonionic repellents are, for example: alkoxylates, alkylamides, Esters, amine oxides and alkyl polyglycosides. Also suitable: reaction products of alkylene oxides with alkylatable compounds, such as. B. fatty alcohols, Fatty amines, fatty acids, phenols, alkylphenols, arylalkylphenols, such as Styrene-phenol condensates, carboxylic acid amides and resin acids.
- repellents in which 1 to 100%, especially preferably 60 to 95% of the hydrogen atoms are substituted by fluorine atoms.
- exemplary be perfluorinated alkyl sulfate, perfluorinated alkyl sulfonates, perfluorinated Alkyl phosphonates, perfluorinated alkyl phosphinates and perfluorinated carboxylic acids called.
- These polymeric repellents may be nonionic, anionic, cationic or amphoteric compounds.
- these polymeric repellents may be homo- and copolymers, graft and graft copolymers and random block polymers.
- Particularly preferred polymeric repellents are those of the type AB-, BAB and ABC block polymers.
- the AB or BAB block polymers is the A segment a hydrophilic homopolymer or copolymer, and the B block is a hydrophobic one Homopolymer or copolymer or a salt thereof.
- anionic, polymeric repellents in particular Condensation products of aromatic sulfonic acids with formaldehyde and alkylnaphthalenesulfonic acids or from formaldehyde, naphthalenesulfonic acids and / or benzenesulfonic acids, condensation products of optionally substituted Phenol with formaldehyde and sodium bisulfite.
- condensation products obtained by reaction of Naphthols with alkanols, additions of alkylene oxide and at least partial Conversion of the terminal hydroxy groups in sulfo groups or half esters of Maleic acid and phthalic acid or succinic acid are available.
- the repellent auxiliary is selected from the group of sulfosuccinic acid esters and alkylbenzenesulfonates.
- sulfated, alkoxylated fatty acids or salts thereof are in particular those having from 5 to 120, with 6 to 60, most preferably provided with 7 to 30 ethylene oxide C 6 -C 22 -Fettklarealkohole, which are saturated or unsaturated, in particular stearyl, understood.
- the sulfated alkoxylated fatty acid alcohols are preferably present as salt, in particular as alkali or amine salts, preferably as diethylamine salt.
- the inventive method is easier to perform than the conventional Microdosing with the help of pressing. Due to the minimal adhesion of the liquid drops on the ultraphobic surfaces, the manupulation is of the smallest Liquid quantities without losses possible. As a result, dosing errors can be avoided become.
- Another object of the invention is the use of the device according to the invention for metering liquids on a microscopic scale, in particular in the range of 10 -6 to 10 -12 liters.
- FIG. 1 shows a device 1 according to the invention for residue-free movement of liquid drops (here aqueous solutions) on solid surfaces.
- the device consists of a substrate 2 (here Plexiglas), on its surface round electrically conductive electrodes 3 (diameter 1 mm, spacing 5 mm) introduced are flush with the surface of the substrate. To the individual Electrodes 3 different voltages can be applied against each other.
- the surface of the substrate 2 is coated with an approximately 5 microns thick electrically insulating provided with ultraphobic coating. This is on the substrate about 5 microns thick Layer of aluminum evaporated.
- the Al layer is anodized, with treated with hot steam and provided with a hydrophobic coating. to Preparation of the hydrophobic coating, the substrate is 5 hours at pH 7 in a 1 wt .-% solution of Fluowet PL80 Clariant immersed, with water rinsed and dried at 60 ° C.
- the Al layer is completely in an aluminum oxide layer by this treatment been converted.
- One Drop 5 may be on the surface in the direction of a directly adjacent electrode be moved by facing this electrode to a potential of 800V the other electrodes is switched. Then the drop is above the relevant one Electrode.
- the movement can be of the droplet 5 on the surface arbitrarily control within the electrode grid. In this way, also different drops 4, 5 moved to the same place and united with each other.
- a drop 4 (diameter about 1 mm) of a solution of 4- (6-diethylamino-3-diethylimino-3H-xanthe-9-yl) -1,3-benzodisulfonic acid (Kiton Red, concentration 1 x 10 -2 mol / l in water) is located on the ultraphobic surface.
- the drop 4 is displaced along a closed path over 8 electrodes (length of the path 40 mm). This process is repeated 10 times, so that the total distance is 400 mm. Subsequently, the drop is removed and a drop of pure water along the previously used closed path also moved 10 times.
- This water droplet is examined spectrophotometrically. Up to the detection limit of 10 -10 mol / l (based on the drop volume) no dye can be detected. The losses due to the displacement of the droplet are thus less than 10 ppb.
- liquid drops used which are surrounded by solid walls from all sides, e.g. in Columns or tubes. These designs thus allow lossless promotion of liquids solely by the change of electric fields, i. without mechanically moving parts.
- FIG. 2 shows a device 6 for complete transmission of liquid drops (here aqueous solutions) by means of a mobile Tip 10.
- the device has a support plate 7 made of aluminum with an ultraphoben Plating and a top 10 on.
- the tip also has an ultraphobic surface on.
- the preparation of the ultraphobic coating is carried out according to Example 1.
- a drop 8 of a solution of 4- (6-diethylamino-3-diethylimino-2H-xanthe-9-yl) -1,3-benzodisulfonic acid (Kiton Red, concentration 1 ⁇ 10 -2 mol / l in water) is on the ultraphobic surface.
- the drop 8 can be recorded. This is approached the tip to a distance of about 5 mm, with between 10 and the top Substrate plate 7, a voltage of 800 V is applied. The radius of the tip is approx. 0.5 mm.
- the drop hanging on top is placed in a jar containing 65 ⁇ l of water by switching off the voltage.
- Another example shows the metering and complete transfer of liquid drops with the aid of the device in FIG. 2.
- a drop 8 of a solution of 4- (6-diethylamino-3-diethylimino-3H-xanthe-9-yl) -1,3-benzodisulfonic acid (Kiton Red, concentration 1 x 10 -2 mol / l in water) is on the ultraphobic surface.
- Example 2 With the help of the tip 10 of the drop 8 is recorded as in Example 2.
- the on the tip hanging drops is in a recess 11 of the device by switching off the voltage is stored.
- the other drop 9 is taken up with the tip and united with the drop 8 in the well. Then be pick up both drops with the tip and place in a container with 65 ⁇ l of water according to Example 2 transferred.
- the dye concentrations in the water were then determined spectrophotometrically.
- the transfer was carried out 5 times in the same way, resulting in no loss of the transferred volumes V 3 and V 4 within the relative dosing error of 1.5%.
- Fig. 3 shows an arrangement for the controlled removal of small known liquid volumes from a supply (cross-sectional drawing).
- the arrangement consists of an electrode 12 with a round tip (diameter 1 mm) and an annular electrode 13 (inner diameter 0.5 mm). Both electrodes are provided with an ultrahydrophobic coating, the preparation of which is described in Example 1.
- the assembly is immersed in an aqueous solution of 4- (6-diethylamino-3-diethylimino-3Hxanthe-9-yl) -1,3-benzodisulfonic acid (Kiton Red, concentration 10 -2 mol / L in water) (as shown in FIG. 3).
- FIG. 4 instead of the annular electrode 13 of the device in FIG. 3, an arrangement as in FIG. 4 may also be used.
- three round electrodes 16 (diameter 1 mm) are provided with an ultrahydrophobic coating, whose preparation is described in Example 1.
- the electrodes 16 are arranged as described in Fig. 4 for forming a nearly triangular-shaped spade M, which has the same function of the ring electrode 13 in FIG.
- a drop of liquid is removed from a supply. Reproducing the dose 30 times gives a volume of (50.0 ⁇ 0.3) ⁇ 10 -12 liters.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hematology (AREA)
- Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)
- Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
- Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
- Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
- Feeding, Discharge, Calcimining, Fusing, And Gas-Generation Devices (AREA)
- Manipulator (AREA)
- Devices For Use In Laboratory Experiments (AREA)
- Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
- Micromachines (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- zeigt eine Kunststoffplatte 2 zum Verschieben von Flüssigkeitstropfen 4,5 mit einer Vielzahl von Elektroden 3
- Fig. 2
- zeigt eine Aluminiumplatte 7 mit einer elektrisch geladenen Spitze 10 als Manipulator
- Fig. 3
- zeigt eine runde Spitze 12 mit Ringelektrode 13 zur Entnahme kleiner
Flüssigkeitsvolumina 15 aus einem Vorrat 14
(Querschnittszeichnung). - Fig. 4
- zeigt eine Anordnung von drei Spitzen 16 zur Bildung eines nahezu dreieckförmigen Spaltes M, der anstelle der Ringelektrode 13 in Fig. 3 zur Entnahme kleiner Flüssigkeitsmengen aus einem Vorrat verwendet werden kann.
Claims (18)
- Substrat (2), in das mehrere Elektroden (3) eingebracht sind, an die einzeln verschiedene Spannungen gegeneinander anlegbar sind und das mit einem ultraphoben Überzug versehen ist.
- Substrat nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (3) mit der Oberfläche des Substrates (2) bündig sind.
- Substrat nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden in einem gleichmäßigen Raster angeordnet sind.
- Substrat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ultraphobe Oberfläche eine Oberflächentopographie aufweist, bei der die Ortsfrequenz f der einzelnen Fourierkomponenten und deren Amplituden a(f) ausgedrückt durch das Integral S(log (f)) = a(f) • f errechnet zwischen den Integrationsgrenzen log (f1/µm-1) = -3 und log (f1/µm-1) = 3, mindestens 0,3 beträgt und die aus ultraphoben Polymeren oder haltbar ultraphoben Materialien besteht.
- Substrat nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ultraphobe Oberfläche eine strukturierte und mit einem hydrophoben und/oder oleophoben Material überzogene Aluminium Oberfläche ist.
- Substrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ultraphobe Oberfläche eine mit Wasserdampf behandelte und mit einem hydrophoben und/oder oleophoben Material überzogene Aluminium Oberfläche ist.
- Substrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ultraphobe Oberfläche eine mit Ni(OH)2-Partikeln beschichtete und mit einem hydrophoben und/oder oleophoben Material überzogene Oberfläche ist.
- Substrat nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ultraphobe Oberfläche gesandstrahlt und mit einem hydrophoben und/oder oleophoben Material überzogene Oberfläche ist.
- Substrat oder Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die ultraphobe Oberfläche eine laserstrukturierte und mit einem hydrophoben und/oder oleophoben Material überzogene Wolframcarbid-Oberfläche ist.
- Verfahren zum Bewegen oder Dosieren von einem Flüssigkeitstropfen im mikroskopischen Maßstab mit einem Substrat gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Flüssigkeitstropfen (8, 9) mit den Elektroden (3) bewegt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an die Elektroden einzeln verschiedene Spannungen gegeneinander angelegt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Flüssigkeitstropfen beliebig innerhalb eines Elektrodenrasters bewegt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Tropfen innerhalb des Elektrodenrasters bewegt und dabei miteinander vereint werden.
- Verwendung des Substrates gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9 und des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 - 13 zur Dosierung von Flüssigkeiten im mikroskopischen Maßstab, vorzugsweise im Bereich von 10-6 - 10-12 Liter, besonders bevorzugt im Bereich von 10-6 - 10-9 Liter.
- Verwendung des Substrates gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9 und des Verfahrens gemäß einem der Ansprüche 10 - 13 zur Durchführung von chemischen oder biochemischen Prozessen, bevorzugt bei PCR, ELISA und/oder Bestimmung der Enzymaktivitäten.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Substrates gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 - 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden in das Substrat eingebracht und die Oberfläche des Substrates mit einem ultraphoben Überzug versehen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden bündig mit der Oberfläche des Substrates eingebracht werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden gemäß einem gleichmäßigen Raster in das Substrat eingebracht werden.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19947788 | 1999-10-05 | ||
| DE19947788A DE19947788A1 (de) | 1999-10-05 | 1999-10-05 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Bewegen von Flüssigkeiten |
| PCT/EP2000/009272 WO2001024934A1 (de) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-09-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontrollierten bewegen und plazieren von flüssigkeitstropfen |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1222031A1 EP1222031A1 (de) | 2002-07-17 |
| EP1222031B1 true EP1222031B1 (de) | 2003-09-17 |
Family
ID=7924464
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP00966067A Expired - Lifetime EP1222031B1 (de) | 1999-10-05 | 2000-09-22 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontrollierten bewegen und plazieren von flüssigkeitstropfen |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7214302B1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP1222031B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2003511247A (de) |
| AT (1) | ATE249886T1 (de) |
| AU (1) | AU779566B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA2387581C (de) |
| DE (2) | DE19947788A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2001024934A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (34)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10162188A1 (de) * | 2001-12-17 | 2003-06-18 | Sunyx Surface Nanotechnologies | Hydrophobe Oberfläche mit einer Vielzahl von Elektroden |
| DE10162064A1 (de) * | 2001-12-17 | 2003-06-26 | Sunyx Surface Nanotechnologies | Hydrophobe Oberfläche mit einer Vielzahl von Elektroden |
| DE10162816A1 (de) * | 2001-12-19 | 2003-07-03 | Sunyx Surface Nanotechnologies | Optischer Schalter |
| US7833800B2 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2010-11-16 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Thermal sensing with bridge circuitry |
| US7141210B2 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2006-11-28 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Apparatus and method for a nanocalorimeter for detecting chemical reactions |
| US7754492B2 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2010-07-13 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Thermal sensing device |
| US7473030B2 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2009-01-06 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Thermal sensing |
| US7147763B2 (en) * | 2002-04-01 | 2006-12-12 | Palo Alto Research Center Incorporated | Apparatus and method for using electrostatic force to cause fluid movement |
| US7473031B2 (en) | 2002-04-01 | 2009-01-06 | Palo Alto Research Center, Incorporated | Resistive thermal sensing |
| WO2005118129A1 (en) * | 2004-05-27 | 2005-12-15 | Stratos Biosystems, Llc | Solid-phase affinity-based method for preparing and manipulating an analyte-containing solution |
| EP2125220A1 (de) * | 2006-12-13 | 2009-12-02 | Qiagen GmbH | Transfektions-mikroarrays |
| DE102007018056A1 (de) * | 2007-04-17 | 2008-10-23 | Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tropfenmanipulation |
| US8367370B2 (en) * | 2008-02-11 | 2013-02-05 | Wheeler Aaron R | Droplet-based cell culture and cell assays using digital microfluidics |
| US8187864B2 (en) | 2008-10-01 | 2012-05-29 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Exchangeable sheets pre-loaded with reagent depots for digital microfluidics |
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| US8202736B2 (en) * | 2009-02-26 | 2012-06-19 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Method of hormone extraction using digital microfluidics |
| WO2011137533A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 | 2011-11-10 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Method of processing dried samples using digital microfluidic device |
| WO2012040861A1 (en) | 2010-10-01 | 2012-04-05 | The Governing Council Of The University Of Toronto | Digital microfluidic devices and methods incorporating a solid phase |
| WO2016197103A1 (en) | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Miroculus Inc. | Air-matrix digital microfluidics apparatuses and methods for limiting evaporation and surface fouling |
| EP3303548A4 (de) | 2015-06-05 | 2019-01-02 | Miroculus Inc. | Verdampfungsverwaltung in digitalen mikrofluidischen vorrichtungen |
| CA3034064A1 (en) | 2016-08-22 | 2018-03-01 | Miroculus Inc. | Feedback system for parallel droplet control in a digital microfluidic device |
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| CN107649223B (zh) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-10-15 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 液滴控制检测器件及其工作方法 |
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| WO2020176816A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-03 | Miroculus Inc. | Digital microfluidics devices and methods of using them |
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| US11524298B2 (en) | 2019-07-25 | 2022-12-13 | Miroculus Inc. | Digital microfluidics devices and methods of use thereof |
| US11772093B2 (en) | 2022-01-12 | 2023-10-03 | Miroculus Inc. | Methods of mechanical microfluidic manipulation |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5674592A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1997-10-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Functionalized nanostructured films |
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| US4525425A (en) * | 1981-05-11 | 1985-06-25 | El-Chem Corporation | Water and oil repellent metal oxide-organic combination coating systems and method of making same |
| JPH05208387A (ja) * | 1992-01-29 | 1993-08-20 | Shimadzu Corp | マイクロマニピュレータ |
| US5726026A (en) * | 1992-05-01 | 1998-03-10 | Trustees Of The University Of Pennsylvania | Mesoscale sample preparation device and systems for determination and processing of analytes |
| JP3059307B2 (ja) * | 1992-09-01 | 2000-07-04 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 撥水性及び着霜防止性が優れた部材及びその製造方法 |
| JPH07316546A (ja) * | 1994-05-23 | 1995-12-05 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 撥水表面構造及びその形成方法 |
| EP0772514B1 (de) | 1994-07-29 | 1998-12-23 | Wilhelm Barthlott | Selbstreinigende oberflächen von gegenständen sowie verfahren zur herstellung derselben |
| JPH08246163A (ja) | 1995-01-11 | 1996-09-24 | Kao Corp | 金属表面への撥液性付与方法 |
| US6042948A (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 2000-03-28 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Water repellent coating film, method and apparatus for manufacturing the same, and water repellent coating material composition |
| FR2756276B1 (fr) | 1996-11-26 | 1998-12-24 | Saint Gobain Vitrage | Substrat a proprietes hydrophiles ou hydrophobes ameliorees, comportant des irregularites |
| JP3274077B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-25 | 2002-04-15 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 撥水性及び着霜防止性が優れたアルミニウム又はアルミニウム合金部材 |
| JP3791999B2 (ja) * | 1997-03-24 | 2006-06-28 | 株式会社アドバンス | 液体微粒子ハンドリング装置 |
| FI980874A7 (fi) * | 1998-04-20 | 1999-10-21 | Wallac Oy | Menetelmä ja laite pienten nestemäärien kemiallisen analyysin suorittamiseksi |
| DE19825100A1 (de) * | 1998-06-05 | 1999-12-16 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Mittel zur Herstellung von wasserabweisenden Beschichtungen auf optischen Substraten |
| DE19847421A1 (de) * | 1998-10-14 | 2000-04-20 | Easy Lab Gmbh | Pipettier- oder Dosierverfahren und -vorrichtung |
| JP4566409B2 (ja) | 1998-12-24 | 2010-10-20 | キアゲン ゲゼルシャフト ミット ベシュレンクテル ハフツング | 超疎性表面 |
| DE19860136C2 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2002-11-28 | Sunyx Surface Nanotechnologies | Ultraphobe Oberfläche, deren Verwendung und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| DE19860137C2 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2002-07-18 | Sunyx Surface Nanotechnologies | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer ultraphoben Oberfläche auf Basis von strukturiertem Aluminium und deren Verwendung |
| DE19860135C2 (de) * | 1998-12-24 | 2003-02-06 | Sunyx Surface Nanotechnologies | Ultraphobe Oberfläche auf Basis von Wolframcarbit, ein Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung und ihre Verwendung |
| AU2538900A (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-31 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing an ultraphobic surface on an aluminium base |
| DE19860139C1 (de) | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-06 | Bayer Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer ultraphoben Oberfläche auf der Basis von Nickelhydroxid, ultraphobe Oberfläche und ihre Verwendung |
| AU3040100A (en) * | 1998-12-24 | 2000-07-31 | Bayer Aktiengesellschaft | Method for producing an ultraphobic surface by sand blasting |
| US6294063B1 (en) * | 1999-02-12 | 2001-09-25 | Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System | Method and apparatus for programmable fluidic processing |
-
1999
- 1999-10-05 DE DE19947788A patent/DE19947788A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2000
- 2000-09-22 US US10/089,933 patent/US7214302B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-09-22 JP JP2001527923A patent/JP2003511247A/ja active Pending
- 2000-09-22 AT AT00966067T patent/ATE249886T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-09-22 WO PCT/EP2000/009272 patent/WO2001024934A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2000-09-22 CA CA002387581A patent/CA2387581C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2000-09-22 DE DE50003758T patent/DE50003758D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-22 EP EP00966067A patent/EP1222031B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5674592A (en) * | 1995-05-04 | 1997-10-07 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Functionalized nanostructured films |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA2387581A1 (en) | 2001-04-12 |
| ATE249886T1 (de) | 2003-10-15 |
| WO2001024934A1 (de) | 2001-04-12 |
| DE19947788A1 (de) | 2001-04-12 |
| EP1222031A1 (de) | 2002-07-17 |
| JP2003511247A (ja) | 2003-03-25 |
| DE50003758D1 (de) | 2003-10-23 |
| US7214302B1 (en) | 2007-05-08 |
| AU7658900A (en) | 2001-05-10 |
| AU779566B2 (en) | 2005-01-27 |
| CA2387581C (en) | 2009-06-16 |
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