EP1231613A1 - Eléments résistifs avec comportement PTC - Google Patents

Eléments résistifs avec comportement PTC Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1231613A1
EP1231613A1 EP01810131A EP01810131A EP1231613A1 EP 1231613 A1 EP1231613 A1 EP 1231613A1 EP 01810131 A EP01810131 A EP 01810131A EP 01810131 A EP01810131 A EP 01810131A EP 1231613 A1 EP1231613 A1 EP 1231613A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composite
resistance
resistance element
filler
electrodes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01810131A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Joachim Glatz-Reichenbach
Ruzica Loitzl-Jelenic
Ralf Strümpler
Timo Jokiniemi
Erkki Rajala
Jarkko Alanen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Original Assignee
ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Research Ltd Switzerland filed Critical ABB Research Ltd Switzerland
Priority to EP01810131A priority Critical patent/EP1231613A1/fr
Publication of EP1231613A1 publication Critical patent/EP1231613A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C1/00—Details
    • H01C1/14—Terminals or tapping points specially adapted for resistors; Arrangements of terminals or tapping points on resistors
    • H01C1/1406—Terminals or electrodes formed on resistive elements having positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/28—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C17/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors
    • H01C17/28—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals
    • H01C17/281—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing resistors adapted for applying terminals by thick film techniques
    • H01C17/283—Precursor compositions therefor, e.g. pastes, inks, glass frits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/02—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient
    • H01C7/027—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having positive temperature coefficient consisting of conducting or semi-conducting material dispersed in a non-conductive organic material

Definitions

  • the invention is based on resistance elements according to the Preambles of claims 1, 3 and 6.
  • Such resistance elements each contain a resistance body from a PTC behavior comprising composite based on a filler-filled polymer and two electrodes electrically contacting the resistance body.
  • Such Resistance elements are preferred as self-regulating heating resistors Sensors or as an overcurrent limiter, especially in the low-voltage range, used.
  • the composite is based on mixing filler an electrically conductive powder is formed in a polymer matrix. Is considered If a polymer uses a thermoplastic, the composite becomes at temperatures formed, in which the thermoplastic is flowable. It can then still from the flowable composite by thermoforming, such as extrusion or spray or Extrusion, resistance body generated and subsequent or during the formation with formation of the resistance elements with the two electrodes be provided.
  • PTC resistance elements are the electrodes as plates, foils or reticulated metal parts executed, which by means of an intermediate layer of a liquid metal or an electrically conductive polymer on the Resistor body applied or molded directly into the resistance body are.
  • a liquid metal makes it difficult to manufacture one Resistance element quite considerably.
  • the resistance element Although easy to manufacture, it is then undesirable mechanical Exposed to tension, which may affect its functionality can significantly affect. These mechanical tensions can because of the different thermal expansion coefficients of composite and electrode when cooling a resistance element during the Manufacturing process or also occur during operation and can be particularly disadvantageous with a large-sized resistance element impact, such as this for current limitation in plants and Apparatus with large operating currents and / or voltages is used.
  • the invention as defined in the claims solves the problem Specify resistance elements of the type mentioned, which is simple are to be produced, and their functionality even after multiple Current limitation in large currents and / or voltages exposed Device or system is still guaranteed with certainty.
  • At least one of the two electrodes contains each of the Resistance elements a flexible metal foam or is at least one of the formed both electrodes as a rigid metal body and has this Metal body filled with composite recesses and / or passages on or is at least one of the two electrodes formed by a composite with a polymer matrix and a powdery filler embedded in the matrix.
  • Electrodes designed in this way can be used to manufacture the electrodes according to the invention Resistance elements in a simple manner in the resistance body be melted down. Through the training of the Electrodes is achieved when the temperature of the PTC resistance elements occurring between electrode and resistance body mechanical stresses cause no damage and so the Functionality of the resistance elements is not reduced.
  • the build-up of voltages occurs in the embodiment of the PTC resistance element with flexible metal foam avoided that when heating or cooling the resistance element, the composite expands or contracts considerably more than the metal foam, which itself however, because of its high flexibility through practically force-free deformation can adapt stress-free to the changed geometry of the composite. It It is recommended that at least a part of the metal foam with composite has filled, open pores. Then it is a particularly good mechanical one Installation of the metal foam in the resistance body ensures and it will at the same time the contact resistance between the electrode and the resistance body reduced.
  • the electrode as a rigid metal body with depressions and / or passages executed, the composite material of the resistance body in the recesses and / or passages.
  • the through the different Coefficient of thermal expansion of metal and composite Mechanical stresses arising from thermal stress can thus be used Formation of a high contact force between metal body and composite and so that a desirable low contact resistance can be exploited.
  • Particularly good adhesion of the composite to the metal body is achieved if at least some of the recesses are blind holes, and / or if the depressions are formed by a roughened Surface with a surface roughness that is greater than the middle one Grain size of the filler contained in the polymer.
  • a particularly good liability is achieved when the roughness is greater than the dimensions of the largest particle provided in the filler.
  • the electrode is formed from a composite material with a Polymer matrix and a powdery filler embedded in the matrix a ductile and high electrical conductivity material or Made of a composite with a polymer matrix that has a higher melting point has as the polymer matrix of the resistance body, and one in the matrix embedded powdered filler made of an electrically conductive ceramic or a low ductility metal, such as nickel, have electrode and Resistor body of the PTC resistance element according to the invention practically have the same coefficients of thermal expansion. Mechanical stresses in the PTC resistance elements are thus avoided when exposed to temperature and it will also have a good long-term behavior of the resistance element repeated execution of a current-limiting PTC transition reached.
  • the 1 shows a PTC resistance element only partially shown Resistor body 1 made of a composite based on a filler Polymers.
  • a composite can, for example, be a Titanium diboride powder filled polyethylene.
  • the powder shows here typically 20 to 60 percent by volume of the composite and can Have grain sizes from a few to 100 and more microns.
  • Composition and The structure of the composite can vary depending on the area of application of the PTC resistance element can be changed within wide limits.
  • the resistance body 1 is electrically conductively connected to two electrodes, from which one can be seen from Fig.1.
  • This electrode has the reference symbol 2 marked.
  • the electrode 2 contains metal foam made of a metal, for example based on nickel.
  • the metal foam is preferably after Formed like a sponge and then has open composite filled with composite Pores on.
  • the electrode 2 is in an electrically conductive manner with a metallic Power connector 3 connected, which is special in manufacturing technology can advantageously be formed by pressing metal foam.
  • the to the power connection 3 pressed metal foam and the one filled with composite and metal foam forming electrode 2 were before filling the open ones Pores with composite part of a flexible body made of metal foam.
  • the PTC resistance element was integrated into the electrode 2 Part of this body and possibly a corresponding part of another one Body for the second electrode, not shown, inserted into a mold and this mold filled with liquid composite under pressure and temperature. in this connection liquid composite could enter the open pores of the metal foam body penetration. That by cooling - when using a thermoset or Elastomer as a polymer by curing - formed PTC resistance element was removed from the mold and the part of the Metal foam body deformed by pressing to the power connection 3.
  • the PTC resistance element described above heats up during of a PTC transition and then cools down again.
  • the different coefficients of thermal expansion of metal and composite Mechanical stresses caused are avoided by the fact that the Metal foam is deformed practically without force due to its high flexibility accordingly, stress-free to the changed geometry of the composite adapts. Detachment of the electrode 2 and thus an increase in the Transition resistance in the area of the electrode is certain avoided.
  • By filling part of the open pores of the metal foam with Composite is a particularly good mechanical installation of the metal foam in ensures the resistance body and at the same time becomes the contact resistance reduced between electrode 2 and resistance body 1.
  • a PTC resistance element with two nickel foam electrodes was produced from nickel foam and a polyethylene filled with 50 percent by volume titanium diboride.
  • the contact resistance Ro was measured on this PTC resistance element at room temperature (23 ° C.) immediately after production.
  • the contact resistance Ro ' was measured on the same resistance element after ten treatment cycles, each comprising 24-hour storage at 60 ° C. and cooling to room temperature.
  • the measured values of Ro and Ro ', the quotient Ro' / Ro describing the increase in the contact resistance of the PTC resistance element and the relative contact resistance in percent, based on a test resistance of 1 cm length and 0.8 cm 2 diameter, are at the end of the Description entered in a table as example 1.
  • the electrode 2 is of a rigid, predominantly plate-shaped metal body, for example made of aluminum, brass or a with nickel-coated copper body.
  • plate 6 formed part of the metal body are passages 4 filled with composite and / or depressions 5 are formed.
  • the wells 5 can at least Part be designed as blind holes, but can also be formed by a roughened surface with a surface roughness that is greater than the average grain size of the filler contained in the polymer.
  • the metal body is generally designed as a plate. He can hit the plate molded legs 7, which an additional improvement in Anchor the resistance body 1 serve. One of the legs can also be provided for carrying the power connection 3.
  • Two PTC resistance elements designed in accordance with FIGS. 2 and 3 were produced from two aluminum or brass bodies and a polyethylene filled with 50 percent by volume titanium diboride.
  • the contact resistance Ro was measured on these resistance elements at room temperature (23 ° C.) immediately after production.
  • the contact resistance Ro ' was measured on the same resistance elements after ten treatment cycles, each comprising 24-hour storage at 60 ° C. and cooling to room temperature.
  • the measured values of Ro and Ro ', the quotient Ro' / Ro describing the increase in the contact resistance of the PTC resistance element and the relative contact resistance in percent, based on a test resistance of 1 cm length and 0.8 cm 2 diameter, are in the am At the end of the description table provided as examples 2 and 3.
  • one of the PTC resistance elements according to the Invention is formed from a composite with an electrode Polymer matrix and a powdery filler embedded in the matrix a ductile and high electrical conductivity material. Electrode 2 and resistance body 1 of the PTC resistance element according to the invention have practically the same in this embodiment Coefficients of thermal expansion. Mechanical stresses in the PTC resistance element are thus avoided under temperature loads and it will good long-term behavior of the resistance element even after repeated Execution of a current-limiting PTC transition reached.
  • a suitable one Composite is one with a powder based on silver, gold and / or copper filled polymer, which is advantageously the same polymer as that in the composite the resistance body provided, for example polyethylene. On this electrically excellent conductive composite can then easily be used as a Pressure contact trained metallic power connector can be attached.
  • a PTC resistance element with a resistance body made of a titanium-containing polyethylene and two silver-polyethylene composite electrodes was produced from a polyethylene filled with 50 volume percent silver powder and a polyethylene filled with 50 volume percent titanium diboride powder.
  • This PTC resistance element was provided with two pressure contacts and the contact resistance Ro was measured immediately after manufacture at room temperature (23 ° C.). The contact resistance Ro 'was measured on the same resistance element after ten treatment cycles, each comprising 24-hour storage at 60 ° C. and cooling to room temperature, and after the pressure contacts had been applied.
  • the measured values of Ro and Ro ', the quotient Ro' / Ro describing the increase in the contact resistance of the PTC resistance element and the relative contact resistance in percent, based on a test resistance of 1 cm in length and 0.8 cm 2 in diameter, are as follows Table entered as example 4.
  • a comparative example I in which the pressure contacts were pressed directly onto the titanium diboride-containing resistor body and a comparative example II in which two nickel foils used as electrodes were embedded in the resistor body are also entered in the table.
  • the electrode can also be formed from a composite, which contains a polymer matrix that has a higher melting point than the polymer matrix of the resistance body, and one embedded in the matrix powdered filler made of an electrically conductive ceramic or a metal low ductility.
  • This electrode leads at a higher temperature than that Resistor body from a PTC transition. Will a place of Resistor body locally overheats when limiting the current and the current can over this local point continues to flow, the overheating is triggered with a time delay in the Electrode a second PTC transition, which limits the current and so prevents failure of the PTC resistance element.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
EP01810131A 2001-02-08 2001-02-08 Eléments résistifs avec comportement PTC Withdrawn EP1231613A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810131A EP1231613A1 (fr) 2001-02-08 2001-02-08 Eléments résistifs avec comportement PTC

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP01810131A EP1231613A1 (fr) 2001-02-08 2001-02-08 Eléments résistifs avec comportement PTC

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1231613A1 true EP1231613A1 (fr) 2002-08-14

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Family Applications (1)

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EP01810131A Withdrawn EP1231613A1 (fr) 2001-02-08 2001-02-08 Eléments résistifs avec comportement PTC

Country Status (1)

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EP (1) EP1231613A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009103261A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Epcos Ag Matériau composite pour la mesure de température, capteur de température comportant ce matériau composite, et procédés de fabrication du matériau composite et du capteur de température

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH10270215A (ja) * 1997-03-27 1998-10-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 限流器
JPH10302937A (ja) * 1997-04-22 1998-11-13 Nichias Corp Ｐｔｃヒーター及びその製造方法
JPH10312911A (ja) * 1997-05-12 1998-11-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 限流器
US5886324A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-03-23 Eaton Corporation Electrode attachment for high power current limiting polymer devices
DE19752586A1 (de) * 1997-11-27 1999-06-02 Wickmann Werke Gmbh Verfahren zum Anbringen und/oder Befestigen mindestens einer metallischen Fläche
US5955936A (en) * 1995-05-10 1999-09-21 Littlefuse, Inc. PTC circuit protection device and manufacturing process for same
DE19842006A1 (de) * 1998-09-15 2000-03-16 Moeller Gmbh Kontaktanordnung elektrisch leitfähiger Polymere
JP2000195704A (ja) * 1998-10-21 2000-07-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ｐｔｃ限流器およびその製造方法

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5955936A (en) * 1995-05-10 1999-09-21 Littlefuse, Inc. PTC circuit protection device and manufacturing process for same
US5886324A (en) * 1996-12-19 1999-03-23 Eaton Corporation Electrode attachment for high power current limiting polymer devices
JPH10270215A (ja) * 1997-03-27 1998-10-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 限流器
JPH10302937A (ja) * 1997-04-22 1998-11-13 Nichias Corp Ｐｔｃヒーター及びその製造方法
JPH10312911A (ja) * 1997-05-12 1998-11-24 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 限流器
DE19752586A1 (de) * 1997-11-27 1999-06-02 Wickmann Werke Gmbh Verfahren zum Anbringen und/oder Befestigen mindestens einer metallischen Fläche
DE19842006A1 (de) * 1998-09-15 2000-03-16 Moeller Gmbh Kontaktanordnung elektrisch leitfähiger Polymere
JP2000195704A (ja) * 1998-10-21 2000-07-14 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Ｐｔｃ限流器およびその製造方法

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 01 29 January 1999 (1999-01-29) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 1999, no. 02 26 February 1999 (1999-02-26) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 2000, no. 10 17 November 2000 (2000-11-17) *

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2009103261A1 (fr) * 2008-02-19 2009-08-27 Epcos Ag Matériau composite pour la mesure de température, capteur de température comportant ce matériau composite, et procédés de fabrication du matériau composite et du capteur de température
US9341521B2 (en) 2008-02-19 2016-05-17 Epcos Ag Composite material for temperature measurement, temperature sensor comprising the composite material, and method for producing the composite material and the temperature sensor
CN101952701B (zh) * 2008-02-19 2016-12-07 埃普科斯股份有限公司 用于测量温度的复合材料、具有该复合材料的温度传感器以及用于制造该复合材料和该温度传感器的方法

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