EP1421010B2 - Wasserlösliche verpackung - Google Patents

Wasserlösliche verpackung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1421010B2
EP1421010B2 EP02716217A EP02716217A EP1421010B2 EP 1421010 B2 EP1421010 B2 EP 1421010B2 EP 02716217 A EP02716217 A EP 02716217A EP 02716217 A EP02716217 A EP 02716217A EP 1421010 B2 EP1421010 B2 EP 1421010B2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
packaging
release
substance
water
agents
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP02716217A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1421010B1 (de
EP1421010A1 (de
Inventor
Robert Anthony Scott
Mark Robson Humphries
Philip Seeney
Sarah Anne Creeke
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Warner Lambert Co LLC
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Warner Lambert Co LLC
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Application filed by Warner Lambert Co LLC filed Critical Warner Lambert Co LLC
Priority to DE60223691T priority Critical patent/DE60223691T3/de
Publication of EP1421010A1 publication Critical patent/EP1421010A1/de
Publication of EP1421010B1 publication Critical patent/EP1421010B1/de
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D81/00—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents
    • B65D81/32—Containers, packaging elements, or packages, for contents presenting particular transport or storage problems, or adapted to be used for non-packaging purposes after removal of contents for packaging two or more different materials which must be maintained separate prior to use in admixture
    • B65D81/3216—Rigid containers disposed one within the other
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D65/00—Wrappers or flexible covers; Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/38—Packaging materials of special type or form
    • B65D65/46—Applications of disintegrable, dissolvable or edible materials

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improved packaging which is at least partially or substantially completely dissolvable in water for controlled release of substances, methods for controlled release using the packaging, methods for the production thereof, the use for release of a wide range of substances and novel products comprising the packaging.
  • Water soluble packaging is known in the literature for dispensing substances, with partial or complete dissolution thereof leaving little or no residue.
  • Such packaging materials are used in isolation as self supporting packaging or are used in combination with non soluble dispensers. These packaging materials release contained substances such as, hazardous substances, fungicides etc., concentrates such as detergents and the like on dissolution in water.
  • DE 79 10 284 relates to a transportation water insoluble bag made of polyvinyl alcohol.
  • the bag discloses a reinforcement band that is soluble in hot water. This reinforcement band covers a physical weakness zone that will open in a washing machine when the reinforcement band is dissolved in hot water.
  • the bag is reusable by covering the physical weakness zone with a new reinforcement band.
  • Encapsulation technology using water soluble capsule material is known in the pharmaceutical industry for delivery of pharmaceuticals, vitamins, supplements and the like by oral ingestion using gelatin, cellulose and derivatives as encapsulating materials.
  • Gelatin, cellulose and derivatives and the like are substantially completely dissolvable in water and are approved capsule material for food and drug use. These capsules are intended for dissolving over a range of periods under different conditions within the body.
  • Dissolvable gelatin sachets are known in the literature for containing and preserving powdered flavouring, colouring and other substantially dried food components as part of pre-packed food such as dehydrated noodles in a pot into which hot water is added in order to prepare the food for consumption. Failure or fracture of such sachets can lead to deterioration of contents.
  • packaging comprising materials which are at least partially or substantially completely dissolvable in water-containing materials may be adapted according to the present invention to provide novel combinations of formulation and configuration suited for release of contained or enclosed substances in manner to meet the objective as hereinbefore defined.
  • Controlled release packaging comprising all the features of claim 1.
  • the substance to be released may be in the form of solid or liquid and is preferably selected from powders, granules, crystals, microcapsules, monoliths, suspensions, dispersions, concentrates, gels, thixotropes, non-aqueous solutions and the like and mixtures thereof.
  • Solid substances may be in a desired grade or range of grades. For certain applications it is desired to provide substance in fine and course form for prolonged effect. It is an advantage of the present invention that individual doses of substance contain the desired range of solid grade and are not subject to the disadvantages of "settling" which result from transport and storage of volumes of the substance, or with combinations of substances having different particle grades.
  • Substance to be released may be integral with the water-dispersible or soluble packaging material which is defined as in claim 1.
  • the packaging is characterised by novel selection of features or combinations of features of packaging conformation and/or configuration, packaging material formulation and the like, in manner to provide novel selection of properties or combinations of properties. More specifically the packaging is characterised by novel selection of features or combinations relating to handling and storage, for example in manner to resist influences leading to premature release by means of package formulation conformation or configuration including sealing and reinforcing thereof; nature of comprised, contained or enclosed substances which may be viscous or non viscous fluid, non compactable flowable powder and other forms of substance which are not easily manipulated or controlled; nature and/or timing of release for example for releasing one or a combination of substances in simultaneous or subsequent fashion, or for releasing substances in manner to contact other substances in the desired locus for improved substance performance or quality for the intended use; nature of predetermined release stimulus and the like, for example being the water-containing substance itself, a physical or chemical stimulus in the desired locus or a combination thereof.
  • features and properties may derive from the water-soluble or dispersible packaging material and/or from additional materials or substances formulated, conformed or configured with the water-dispersible or soluble packaging material, or from the conformation or configuration of the packaging, and are selected according to the intended use.
  • the packaging may consist substantially entirely of water-dispersible or soluble packaging material or combinations thereof as hereinbefore defined or may comprise additional materials as hereinbefore defined which are at least partially dispersible or dissolvable or otherwise.
  • the packaging is substantially completely dissolvable as hereinbefore defined.
  • a water-containing substance is to any solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous (vapour) fluid which comprises water in effective dispersing or dissolving amount.
  • Water may be chemically or physically releasably bound or may be freely available and may be gathered or accumulated from the substance or readily and instantly taken up by the material.
  • a water-containing substance as hereinbefore defined comprises liquid- or vapour-form water, or aqueous solutions or vapour mixtures thereof with liquids or vapours such as alcohols and the like, or comprises solids or semi-solids having bound or available water.
  • Water may be accumulated by the water-dispersible or soluble packaging material which at least partially disperses or dissolves to release the comprised, contained or enclosed substance into the accumulated water and the dispersed or dissolved packaging material may be retained in the locus or dispersed therefrom in the course of the intended use or otherwise.
  • Reference herein to a predetermined stimulus is to any stimulus causing release of contained or enclosed substance.
  • the stimulus may comprise chemical or physical stimulus for dissolving or dispersing, transforming by precipitation or morphology change, fracturing, rupturing or otherwise rendering permeable the packaging or a part thereof to release contained or enclosed substance.
  • the stimulus may be the same as or different to the water-containing substance which serves to disperse or dissolve.
  • Packaging materials may be dispersible or soluble in hot or cold water-containing substance and/or may release substance by dissolution or by other physical or chemical means such as exposure to heat, acid or alkali, solvents and solvent mixtures, oxidising conditions, radiant energy including UV, microwave and the like or biological degradants.
  • locus is to any place, area or the like into or at which it is desired to release the substance.
  • the locus may be the same as or may be different to but connecting with a locus at which the substance is to have a desired effect.
  • the packaging comprises a primary and secondary component in terms of conformation, configuration or formulation adapted to dissolve and release the substance to the desired locus and to control stimulus or external influences to which the release element is subjected in manner to provide release with pre-determined timing and in pre-determined manner.
  • the packaging may comprise any suitable material which is capable of being formed into packaging, and which is dispersible or dissolvable in water-containing substance to leave only a part thereof as residue or to leave substantially no residue.
  • the water-dispersible or soluble packaging material comprises a natural or synthetic polymer or mixtures thereof selected from: Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethyleneoxide, chemically modified cellulose or cellulose ethers and other cellulose derivatives, modified starches, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyacrylamide or gelatine or derivative thereof.
  • PVA Polyvinyl alcohol
  • polyethyleneoxide polyethyleneoxide
  • chemically modified cellulose or cellulose ethers and other cellulose derivatives modified starches
  • polyvinylpyrrolidone polyacrylamide or gelatine or derivative thereof.
  • Chemically modified cellulose and cellulose ethers include alkyl- and/or hydroxyalkyl substituted cellulose or cellulose ether with 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain preferably methyl cellulose (ether), hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylmethyl cellulose, hydroxyethylethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose (having the chemical name cellulose hydroxypropylether), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC, having the chemical name cellulose hydroxypropylmethylether), hydroxybutylmethyl cellulose and the like.
  • Modified starches include destructurised starch, cross-linked granular starches, chemically modified starches including alkyl substituted starches, amino starches and oxidised starches, dextrin and maltodextrins.
  • Water-dispersible or soluble packaging material is suitably selected or adapted according to independent mechanical properties or combinations thereof ("soft” or “hard” and/or self-supporting or non self-supporting, resilient to premature fracture or otherwise and the like) and/or independent chemical properties and combinations thereof (slow or rapid, complete or partial dissolving, responsive to desired release stimulus and the like), requirements of non-toxicity (for environment, human or animal health or food-related uses and the like).
  • water dispersible or soluble packaging material(s) may be provided having desired combination of properties by varying or selecting the moisture content, pH, moisture retention, swelling properties, gel strength, gel point, viscosity, concentration, reacting substituent groups (cross-linking) and sensitivity to a number of external stimuli such as temperature, pH, solvents and solvent mixtures, oxidising conditions, radiant energy such as UV or microwave, biological degradation by moulds and bacteria and the like.
  • external stimuli such as temperature, pH, solvents and solvent mixtures, oxidising conditions, radiant energy such as UV or microwave, biological degradation by moulds and bacteria and the like.
  • Formulations and formulation techniques are known for example as disclosed in Hard Capsules, ed. Ridgeway, WO 98/27151 (Warner Lambert ) the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • Preferred packaging materials include gelatin, starch or cellulose or derivatives and mixtures thereof which are substantially completely soluble in water. Natural or synthetic gelatin and HPMC are found to have particularly useful properties.
  • the packaging of the present invention may be of any desired conformation and configuration suited to contain or enclose a solid or fluid substance as defined in the claims.
  • the conformation or configuration may be selected according to control requirements, storage requirements (stackable or able to be stored in space efficient manner i.e. cubes), use (adapted to be configured to locate in or in association with a support means of an environment), dispensable (adapted to be releaseably attached to a dispensing line, hook, rack or the like for convenient access), and the like.
  • the packaging as hereinbefore defined may provide a primary structure or region of packaging material for strengthening, reinforcing, retaining package integrity during release or other such purpose, such as a skeleton, frame work, fibres, mesh, ribbing, webbing, seal or the like integral with or at least partially (co)-continuous with a secondary structure of substantially continuous packaging material in desired configuration.
  • the packaging may comprise primary packaging material having secondary points of weakness in the form of packaging material formulated for rapid or easy dissolving or fracture, or of flaws or water entraining features such as moulding or embossing in the form of non-penetrating perforations, tear-off strip lines and the like.
  • Primary and secondary structures and layers and point of weakness packaging material as hereinbefore defmed may be comprised of the same or different packaging materials and combinations thereof as hereinbefore defmed, having same or different properties such as thickness and the like.
  • Different packaging materials include at least one packaging material being a water-dispersible or soluble packaging material which may be the same as or different to at least one being a packaging material adapted for release as hereinbefore defined.
  • the packaging may comprise means for locating or positioning within the locus into which a contained substance is to be released in manner to secure it at the optimum position for storing, or for timing or activating the release stimulus for example for the operation of dissolving water in the locus on the release element, or to maintain the packaging in desired position in manner to withstand influences such as impact force during handling and storage and the like.
  • Such locating means may comprise packaging material as hereinbefore defined adapted to engage a suitable support, for example may comprise an elongate substantially resilient or flexible portion adapted to be tied or hooked onto or located around a suitable projection or received within a recess of an effective support in the environment in which the packaging is contained, or may comprise resiliently deformable projections extending in opposing directions from the containing or enclosing packaging material as hereinbefore defined and adapted to be deformed to locate between opposing retaining means, surfaces and the like of an effective support means and be retained by resilience.
  • the packaging comprises a specific configuration, conformation or formulation adapted to absorb or dispel external influences to which the packaging may be subjected and which may lead to premature release of contained or enclosed substance.
  • the packaging may confer a protective shape on contained or enclosed fluid substance to minimise turbulence in storage and handling and/or may comprise packaging material of thickness, strength, resilience, flexibility and the like adapted to withstand external influences.
  • Packaging as hereinbefore defined may be adapted to be self-supporting.
  • packaging as hereinbefore defined comprises means to aid rapid release of contained or enclosed substance.
  • the packaging comprises means to enhance the response thereof to release stimulus, by means of formulation or of additional components incorporated in or contained within the packaging.
  • response enhancing means are adapted to cause release by expanding on contact with water-containing substances, for example comprise swelling or expanding agents (maize starch), effervescent agents (sodium bicarbonate and citric acid), disintegrants (Explotab TM available from Penwest Pharmaceuticals or Primojel TM available from Avebe), dispersing agents (sodium starch glycolate, sodium alginate, carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt and the like) or contained gases, such as air at a positive overpressure and the like, stimulus sensitising agents, for example adapted to cause release on change of pH (change in degree of acid or alkali conditions or transition therebetween), change in temperature, subjecting to microwave, UV, solvents and solvent mixtures and the like.
  • Response enhancing means may be integral with packaging packaging material or contained in open or closed porosity therein to provide increased surface area and weak points as hereinbefore defined for release for example by dissolving action on contact with water, and to provide expansion of contained air on change of temperature, contact of effervescent agents with water, microwaves, UV, solvents and solvent mixtures and the like.
  • a method for the production of packaging as defined in claim 13.
  • the manufacture may be carried out in a single operation or in desired sequence, depending on the intended use, substance to be released and form of packaging.
  • the production method may be adapted to confer any features of formulation conformation, configuration and the like as hereinbefore defined.
  • the packaging may be formed by any known means for forking packaging materials as hereinbefore defined. Suitable means include any means for forming thermoplastic materials including residue free sealing one or more sheets, deforming one or more sheets by action of heat, solvents such as water, vacuum, pressure and the like, extruding, shaping from solution or molten, for example by dipping or spraying onto a former, casting, embossing etc.
  • Substance(s) may be comprised, contained or enclosed within the packaging material by any known mechanical or chemical means including coforming the material and substance for example by fusing, blending or mixing into a molten packaging material or a solution thereof, or sealing the packaging material about the substance(s) for example by softening the packaging material with water or a sensitising agent and self bonding to unsoftened or similarly softened packaging material, bonding or welding with solvent, glue and the like with or without application of heat or pressure.
  • any known mechanical or chemical means including coforming the material and substance for example by fusing, blending or mixing into a molten packaging material or a solution thereof, or sealing the packaging material about the substance(s) for example by softening the packaging material with water or a sensitising agent and self bonding to unsoftened or similarly softened packaging material, bonding or welding with solvent, glue and the like with or without application of heat or pressure.
  • Preferably sealing is by techniques as disclosed in patent publications in the name of Capsugel, specifically by contacting edges of packaging material with a melting point depression sealing fluid such as organic solvents for example alkyl substituted C 1-5 alcohols, water, a polymer solution or emulsion, a solution of a proteolytic enzyme producing a protein solution and the like, and applying thermal energy or the like to cause fusion, for example as disclosed in relation to sealing of capsules in EP 0 152 517 , EP 0 180 543 , EP 0 116 744 , and EP 0 116 743 , the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • a melting point depression sealing fluid such as organic solvents for example alkyl substituted C 1-5 alcohols, water, a polymer solution or emulsion, a solution of a proteolytic enzyme producing a protein solution and the like, and applying thermal energy or the like to cause fusion, for example as disclosed in relation to sealing of capsules in EP 0 152 517 , EP 0
  • Points of weakness as hereinbefore defined may be provided in the packaging material by known means, for example embossing or moulding in the shape of the packaging by necking and the like, by laser exposure or by pre-determined orientation or ordering of molecules within the chemical structure of the packaging.
  • Packaging as hereinbefore defined may be adapted to contain any desired quantity or volume of solid or liquid substance.
  • the form and configuration of package is selected in part with reference to the desired volume and the nature of the substance to be contained or enclosed.
  • the packaging is adapted to contain volumes of up to 10 litres of substance, for example in the range 0.1 ml up to 10 litres. Sub ranges for envisaged applications are preferably in the range of 0.1-5 ml, 5-50 ml, 50-500 ml, 500 ml - 5 litres and 5-10 litres.
  • the packaging may be adapted to have a volume substantially equal to that of the substance to be contained or greater than, e.g. up to three times the volume of the substance to be contained.
  • the packaging volume may be selected according to ease of filling with substances.
  • packaging is adapted to contain or enclose a single measure dose of one or more substances to be released.
  • Packaging may be adapted for clustering or may include a clustering element.
  • Packaged substance may be clustered or aggregated by means of self adhesion, clustering attachment and the like in the case that a single measure exceeds the volume of substance which it is possible to contain or enclose or in the event that dosing is according to preference, or in the case that a selection of substances are to be released simultaneously or in controlled sequence.
  • Packaging may comprise multiple compartments to segregate substances prior to release, or to provide sequential release.
  • Packaging as hereinbefore defined may include an identification element, for example may be printed, moulded directly or indirectly for example by forming flexible packaging material tightly about a contained substance having moulded protrusions, or embossed, laser-marked or the like to indicate the nature or origin of the contents, the mode of use, or to incorporate features of design.
  • Printing is preferably by means of inks, dyes and the like which are completely dissolvable in water and which are adapted to be printed from non aqueous solutions or from aqueous solutions.
  • Packaging as hereinbefore defined may be adapted to release substances substantially instantaneously on contact with water-containing substances as hereinbefore defined or in a controlled period of the order of minutes for immediate use, quarter or a half hour period for example when it is desired to prime the packaging and evacuate the environment for release, hours or days for example where it is desired to prime the packaging for release during a period at which it is inconvenient or impossible to access the locus, or on response to a stimulus, for example where it is desired to release substances in the event of natural or artificial water release, such as to coincide with rain or intentional or unintentional water release that is part of any chemical, mechanical, construction, manufacturing or the like process.
  • the packaging may be provided with additional agents adapted to enhance barrier properties for example to confer or enhance impermeability to oxygen and the like.
  • Packaging may be provided as one piece or as a plurality of pieces to be assembled at the time of filling with substrate, for example using conventional or modified capsule technology.
  • Packaging may be of any desired thickness, for example in the range 0.01 - 10 mm. It is a particular advantage of the present invention that minimal thickness for example in the range 0.01 - 1.0 mm may be attained with resilience to unintentional rupture, and that maximum thickness for example in the range 2 - 10 mm may be attained with desired precision of timing of release, by means of the selection of properties and features of formulations of packaging material, conformations such as solid mass of packaging material or configurations such as structures and points of weakness of packaging of the invention as hereinbefore defined.
  • packaging material as hereinbefore defined may be adapted to maintain the integrity of the packaging prior to release of substances and to dissolve or disperse simultaneously with release or to subsequently disperse or dissolve over a prolonged period whilst still contained within the desired locus in contact with water-containing substance, during the period that the substance which has been released is effective, or thereafter.
  • Packaging may be provided within an additional film or container if it is important to keep the surface free from contamination.
  • Packaging or substance to be contained may comprise an additional indicating element, for example a component which indicates when dissolution is complete or when the substance has achieved its desired effect.
  • a colorant within the substance is detectable in the aqueous locus once dissolution is sufficiently advanced to release substance.
  • the colorant may be associated with the substance whereby the colour disappears once substance is consumed in use.
  • the method provides advantages of reducing splash or spillage risk with hazardous substances during dilution, containing hazardous powder substances prior to dissolution and preventing the risk of inhalation, avoiding the need for safe disposal of used packaging material for hazardous substances and the like, providing pre-metered dosing in prescribed quantities as individual packages, convenient handling, minimising wastage of substance dregs, package disposal and the like.
  • the method for controlled release as hereinbefore defined may be for any desired use for which it is intended to release a substance into an environment with any of the advantages as hereinbefore mentioned.
  • the packaging may be located directly in the desired locus or may be transported to the desired locus by suitable means, maintained out of contact with water-containing substance.
  • the packaging of the invention may be adapted to sink or float in water when added to a reservoir of water at the desired locus, or to initially sink or float and subsequently after a pre-determined interval float or sink prior to or at the time of release of contents, for example as indicating means or to maximise or minimise water content prior to release and the like.
  • the method may be for release of agrochemical substances including pest or plant growth control agents, plant disease control agents, soil improvement agents and the like.
  • pest growth control agents include insecticides, miticides, rodenticides, molluscicides, slugicides, vermicides (nematocides, antihelminthics), soil fumigants, pest repellents and attractants such as pheromones etc., and biological control agents such as microorganisms, predators and natural products
  • plant growth control agents include herbicides, defoliants, desiccants, fruit drop and set controllers, rooting compounds, sprouting inhibitors, growth stimulants and retardants, moss and lichen controllers and plant genetic controllers or agents
  • plant disease control agents include fungicides, viricides, timber preservatives and bactericides
  • soil improvements agents include fertilisers, trace metal additives, bacterial action control stimulants and soil consolidation agents.
  • the method may be for farming, greenhouse, horticultural, forestry and like applications on industrial or domestic scale by means of spraying, dusting, drilling and like techniques.
  • the advantages of the method include advantages as hereinabove defined and may include further advantages of safe handling including reduced risk of contamination or carry over and no skin contact with active substance, convenience and ease of use, without measuring, decanting or re-sealing of part used sachets, dispensing with the need to dispose of contaminated packaging, precise dose control, avoiding user exposure to dust particles, providing solubility in cold water, providing greater flexibility in selection of dose amounts and with commercially available granules, reducing the risk of product deterioration once opened, optimising particle size for dissolution and use of minimal packaging. Further advantages include non clogging with spray nozzles and the like, no need for using a stirrer, no residue remaining, leak proof robust packaging and low cost per dose per unit area.
  • the method is also suited for release of environmental treatment agents such as water purification agents, disinfectants, waste treatment agents and the like, including control agents for water borne viruses, bacterium, organisms and insects which carry disease, natural and industrial contaminants including water borne plant growth control agents, soil run off dispersant agents, cooling and recycled water neutralising agents and the like.
  • environmental treatment agents such as water purification agents, disinfectants, waste treatment agents and the like, including control agents for water borne viruses, bacterium, organisms and insects which carry disease, natural and industrial contaminants including water borne plant growth control agents, soil run off dispersant agents, cooling and recycled water neutralising agents and the like.
  • Advantages are as given above for agricultural use and include advantages of employing approved substances for use in purifying drinking water, and providing high quality of water which is not contaminated by particles or undissolved solid packaging material or residue, and speed of purifying action.
  • Substances may be released into water or the desired locus in desired concentration suited for the desired effect, for example in lower amounts to render safe for consumption or in higher amounts to create
  • the method may be used for handling safe-to-the-point-of-use substances, for example hazardous substances including caustics, chemical reagents, drain clearing substances and the like which may be used in diluted form, which are relatively safe although unpleasant in powdered, non-aqueous or concentrate form but which become hazardous in solution.
  • a unit dose packaging may be provided which is safe to handle and which ensures correct dilution, and safety to the point of use. This may provide advantages as aboved defined in addition to further advantages such as eliminating the need to transport bulk substances in hazardous diluted form, by providing a means for the safe dilution by the end user.
  • the method may be used for releasing detergents and their components in the form of solids or liquids such as concentrates, including domestic and industrial detergents for cleaning premises, objects and clothing and for personal hygiene using any known detergents or cleaning agents.
  • the advantages include those given above, and additionally include aesthetic advantages by which the packaging leaves no deposit on the hands and is more pleasant to handle than powders or tablets, is structurally of high integrity preventing break up or spillage risk of the substance, has a reduced risk of product deterioration once a primary pack is opened and associated extended shelf life, has potentially more efficient and effective delivery of key ingredients, is easier to manufacture, formulate and use and gives a reduced risk of concentrate damage to clothes, skin and other articles, and renders optional the use of bags or devices from which to release the substance, additionally having the advantages of minimising the required amount of softening agents, bleaches, brighteners, dispersants, effervescent and other solubilising agents including phosphates.
  • the method may also be used to release food components including flavours and fragrances in the form of dried or powdered solids, liquids and volatiles, texturising agents, colorants, moisture absorbers such as rice, corn flour, salt and the packaging material itself, oils and fats, dried dairy products and other food products which deteriorate in the presence of oxygen, seasoning and herbs and the like.
  • food components including flavours and fragrances in the form of dried or powdered solids, liquids and volatiles, texturising agents, colorants, moisture absorbers such as rice, corn flour, salt and the packaging material itself, oils and fats, dried dairy products and other food products which deteriorate in the presence of oxygen, seasoning and herbs and the like.
  • the method for releasing food substances has advantages as indicated above and additional advantages in terms of precise dose control providing sizes linked to standard culinary measures for example, separation of ingredients without using packs that need to be opened by the user, for example in instant food packs, environmentally friendly avoiding non edible secondary packaging, microwaveable, no risk of contamination with secondary packaging fragments, clean and easy handling, edible packaging, no susceptible residue in hot water, sealing from air, preserving freshness and shelf life, taste and smell masking until required, for example to avoid contaminating other food components or the like, preservation of vitamins, colour, purity of flavour and the like.
  • packaging may be used to minimise deterioration of substances due to contact in storage by separating and simultaneously may provide for improved dispersibility and contact on release by positioning food components in manner for optimum contact on release.
  • novel products comprising packaging as hereinbefore defined.
  • novel products include products adapted for the specific methods as hereinbefore defined with the associated advantages.
  • the products may be provided for filling with substance(s) for release or may be provided containing the substance(s).
  • the products may comprise packaging having features of conformation, configuration and formulation as hereinbefore defined.
  • Figure 1 in each case packaging in the form of conformation and configurations typically obtained by dipping from molten or solutions of packaging materials.
  • Figures 1a to 1g capsules comprising water-dispersible or soluble multiple layers and/or multiple sections of material in the form of peripheral shells (11) and linking portions (12, 13).
  • Figure 1a shows a capsule having central monolayer of rapid dissolve packaging material and peripheral bilayers of rapid-slow and slow-rapid dissolve packaging material respectively, adapted to provide a weak link or point of weakness as hereinbefore defined.
  • Figure 1b is shown a capsule having central and peripheral monolayers of rapid dissolve and slow dissolve packaging materials respectively and peripheral bilayer of rapid-slow dissolve packaging material, as an alternative to the configuration of Figure 1a . Variations of these configurations are envisaged and may be determined according to the desired ease of manufacture and desired release characteristics.
  • the capsule of Figure 1a may be manufactured for example by forming peripheral shells (11a inner, 11d outer) by dipping a former to a first depth into respective solutions of or molten slow and rapid dissolve packaging material respectively, then forming shell (11a outer) by dipping to a greater depth into a solution of or molten rapid dissolve packaging material, simultaneously creating portion (11b) and finally filling and overlap capping the portion (11b) with shell (11d outer), simultaneously creating seal (11c).
  • the capsule of Figure 1b may be manufactured for example by forming shells (11e inner, 11d) as for 11a inner and 11d outer above, then forming shell (11e outer) by dipping the inner to a lesser depth in slow dissolve packaging material, and filling and overlap capping shell (11d) simultaneously forming seal (11c).
  • Figures 1c and 1d show capsules peripheral shells which are shrunk fit about (shaped or moulded) substance and have therebetween secondary points of weakness in the form of an easy dissolving region (12) having an area adapted to peel back, for example on swelling in the form of an unsealed abutment of the two peripheral shells (11d).
  • Figures 1e and 1f show capsules comprising an easy dissolving packaging material band (13) bridging a gap between shells (11d). Solid or liquid ingredients are enclosed within the capsule (11d, 11d) and released via the easy dissolving region (13) on rapid dissolution in water.
  • Figures 1g relates to the present invention and shows a capsule comprising a rapid dissolve monolayer peripheral shell (11f) enclosing substance and inner secondary peripheral shell (11d), abutting or overlap sealed to the capsules remote peripheral shell (11d).
  • the capsule may be suited to enclose two same or different substances with staged release, with rapid release of one substance via the rapid dissolve shell (11f) and subsequent release of the second substance by slow dissolve of capsule (11d, 11d).
  • Figures 1h and 1i are shown packaging in the form of a primary dipped bag or wallet (14) which is filled and sealed, with a separate cap portion (15) or by self-sealing by crimping (16) as illustrated.
  • Crimping may optionally provide a release feature in the form of a primary structure as a point of strength portion to prevent premature release or as a secondary point of weakness portion which is for example adapted for rapid dissolving in water to release contents of the bag with subsequent dissolution of the bag or wallet.
  • Figures 2a and 2b are shown a sachet in the form of secondary structure packaging material (21) located around a primary structure mesh bag of slow dissolving reinforcing packaging material (22) which may be fused or otherwise with the packaging material (21).
  • Packaging material (21) is sealed at the edges.
  • This packaging is suited for delivery of graded substances whereby rapid dissolving of packaging material (21) releases fine particles from within the primary structure mesh bag (22), large particles being released later on slow dissolving of mesh bag (22).
  • the sachet may comprise packaging material (21) as flexible or rigid packaging material or a combination thereof which may be flat or formed, for example by vacuum. This configuration may also be employed in other embodiments according to the present disclosure using any packaging material as desired.
  • FIG 3a In Figure 3a is shown water-soluble capsule (31) in the form of a first capsule portion, retained by means of a resiliently deformable capsule shell (32) on a support means (33) in locus (34).
  • a resiliently deformable capsule shell (32) By locating the water soluble capsule (31) on support means (33) external influences of locus (34) leading to premature release are minimised.
  • the shell (31) dissolves releasing contents, with subsequent dissolution of the locating shell (32).
  • a capsule which may be made of water soluble packaging material adapted to be located by means of resiliently deformable wings (36), thereby locating a capsule in position and potentially damaging external influences within the locus.
  • FIGs 4a - 4c are shown configurations of packaging constructed of packaging material (41) with soluble seal or crimp (42).
  • Packaging may be constructed by means including flow wrapping or extruding to form a seamed or seamless tube with seamed sectioning along the length, as shown in Figures 4b(i) and 4b(ii) .
  • Figures 5a and 5b are shown clustering elements comprising water soluble packaging material (52) according to the invention and clustered water-soluble packaging in the form of capsules (51). On contact with water the clustered capsules dissolve rapidly to release their contents with subsequent dissolution of the clustering element which serves to aid withstanding external influences leading to premature release prior to contact with water.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Packages (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Verpackung zur kontrollierten Freisetzung in Form einer Kapsel, die Verpackungsmaterial umfasst,
    das im Wesentlichen in einer wirksamen Menge einer wasserhaltigen Substanz vollständig dispergierbar oder löslich
    und dazu geeignet ist, eine oder mehrere Substanzen zu enthalten oder einzuschließen,
    wobei
    die Verpackung zur Freisetzung von darin enthaltenen oder eingeschlossenen Substanzen in einer vorgegeben Weise an einen gewünschten Ort als Reaktion auf einen vorgegebenen Auslöseimpuls geeignet ist, wobei die Substanzen im Wesentlichen gleichzeitig oder aufeinanderfolgend teilweise oder vollständig dispergiert oder gelöst werden.
    wobei die Verpackung Folgendes umfasst:
    mindestens eine primäre und eine sekundäre Komponente, die zur Auflösung und Freisetzung der Substanz am gewünschten Ort geeignet sind, so dass sie eine Freisetzung innerhalb einer vorgegebenen Zeit und in einer vorgegebenen Weise ermöglichen, wobei die mindestens primären und sekundären Komponenten Bereiche mit mehrschichtigen (11a, 11e) und einschichtigen (11b, 11d) Strukturen aufweisen,
    und
    eine der primären oder sekundären Komponenten Schwachstellen (12) aufweist, entweder in Form von Verpackungsmaterial, das zum schnellen oder langsamen Lösen oder Brechen konzipiert ist, oder von Rissen oder Wasser mitführenden Elementen wie Formung oder Prägung in Form nicht durchgehender Perforierung, um das Lösen der Verpackung einzuleiten,
    und
    wobei das Verpackungsmaterial eine schnell lösliche einschichtige periphere Hülle (11f) umfasst, die eine Substanz einschließt, und eine innere sekundäre periphere Hülle (11d), die auf Stoß oder überlappend mit der entfernten peripheren Hülle (11d) der Verpackung versiegelt ist, wobei eine Substanz über die schnell lösliche Hülle (11f) rasch und die zweite Substanz durch das langsame Lösen der Verpackung (11d) anschließend freigesetzt wird.
  2. Verpackung gemäß Anspruch 1, wobei die freizusetzende Substanz als Feststoff oder Flüssigkeit vorliegt und vorzugsweise aus Pulvern, Granulaten, Kristallen, Mikrokapseln, Monolithen, Suspensionen, Dispersionen, Konzentraten, Gels, thixotropen Substanzen, wasserfreien Lösungen und dergleichen sowie Gemischen daraus in einer gewünschten Abstufung oder einer Reihe von Abstufungen ausgewählt wird.
  3. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, die im Wesentlichen vollständig löslich ist.
  4. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, die dispergierbar oder löslich ist in einer wasserhaltigen Substanz, die ein beliebiges festes, halbfestes, flüssiges oder gasförmiges (Dampf) Medium umfasst, das Wasser in einer zum Dispergieren oder Lösen wirksamen Menge umfasst, das chemisch oder physikalisch freisetzbar gebunden oder frei verfügbar sein kann und das aus der Substanz gewonnen oder kumuliert werden und vom Verpackungsmaterial sofort und problemlos aufgenommen werden kann.
  5. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, die zur Freisetzung als Reaktion auf einen vorgegebenen Auslöseimpuls geeignet ist, der jeden beliebigen chemischen oder physikalischen Auslöseimpuls zum Lösen oder Dispergieren, Umwandeln durch Ausfällung oder morphologische Veränderung, Brechen, Reißen oder auf andere Weise Durchlässigmachen der Verpackung ganz oder teilweise umfasst, um die enthaltene oder eingeschlossene Substanz freizusetzen.
  6. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei der Auslöseimpuls mit der wasserhaltigen Substanz, die zum Dispergieren oder Lösen dient, übereinstimmen oder sich von dieser unterscheiden kann, wobei Materialien in heißen oder kalten wasserhaltigen Substanzen dispergierbar oder löslich sind bzw. die Substanz durch Lösen oder durch andere physikalische und chemische Mittel wie Einwirkung von Hitze, Säure oder Lauge, Lösemitteln und Lösemittelgemischen, oxidierende Bedingungen, Strahlungsenergie einschließlich UV, Mikrowellen und dergleichen oder biologische Abbaumittel freigesetzt wird.
  7. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zur Freisetzung einer Substanz an einen Ort, der jeden beliebigen Ort, Bereich oder dergleichen umfasst, in den oder an dem die Freisetzung der Substanz erwünscht ist und der mit dem Ort, an dem die Substanz eine gewünschte Wirkung entfalten soll, übereinstimmen oder sich von diesem unterscheiden kann.
  8. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei das in Wasser dispergierbare oder lösliche Verpackungsmaterial ein natürliches oder synthetisches Polymer oder Gemische daraus umfasst, die aus Polyvinylalkohol (PVA), Polyethylenoxid, chemisch modifizierter Cellulose oder Celluloseethern oder anderen Cellulosederivaten, modifizierten Stärken, Polyvinylpyrrolidon, Polyacrylamid oder Gelatine oder deren Derivaten ausgewählt ist.
  9. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, die Mittel (36) zur Lokalisierung und Positionierung innerhalb des Ortes umfasst, an den eine enthaltene Substanz in einer Weise freigesetzt werden soll, dass sie an der optimalen Position eingelagert werden kann, oder zur Zeitsteuerung oder Aktivierung des Auslöseimpulses zum Beispiel für den Vorgang des Lösens von Wasser am Ort an dem freizusetzenden Element, oder um die Verpackung in der gewünschten Position zu halten, so dass sie Einflussfaktoren wie Aufprall bei der Handhabung und Lagerung standhält.
  10. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei Lokalisierungsmittel (36) einen länglichen, im Wesentlichen elastischen oder biegsamen Teil umfassen, der dazu geeignet ist, an einem entsprechenden Überstand angebunden, in diesen eingehängt oder um diesen herum angeordnet zu werden oder in einer Vertiefung einer effektiven Halterung in der Umgebung, in der die Verpackung enthalten ist, aufgenommen zu werden, oder elastisch verformbare Überstände, die in gegensätzlichen Richtungen vom Verpackungsmaterial wie vorstehend definiert verlaufen und dazu geeignet sind, sich so zu verformen, dass sie zwischen einander gegenüberliegenden Haltemitteln, Oberflächen und dergleichen einer effektiven Haltevorrichtung angeordnet sind und durch Federwirkung gehalten werden.
  11. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, die eine Konformation, Konfiguration oder Formulierung umfasst, die geeignet ist, externe Einflussfaktoren, denen die Verpackung ausgesetzt sein kann und die zu vorzeitiger Freisetzung der enthaltenen oder eingeschlossenen Substanz führen können, zu absorbieren oder zu beseitigen.
  12. Verpackung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, die Mittel umfasst, um die Reaktion der Verpackung auf den Freisetzungs-Auslöseimpuls durch Formulierung oder zusätzlich enthaltene Komponenten, die in der Verpackung eingeschlossen oder darin enthalten sind, zu verbessern; diese werden aus Mitteln ausgewählt, die dazu geeignet sind, Freisetzung durch Ausdehnen bei Kontakt mit wasserhaltigen Substanzen zu bewirken, wie zum Beispiel Schwell- oder Ausdehnungsmittel, Schäumungsmittel, Sprengmittel, Dispergiermittel oder enthaltene Gase wie Luft bei positivem Überdruck und dergleichen, Mittel zur Erhöhung der Sensibilität auf den Auslöseimpuls, die zum Beispiel dazu geeignet sind, Freisetzung bei Veränderung des pH-Werts, bei Temperaturänderung, Einwirkung von Mikrowellen, UV, Lösemitteln und Lösemittelgemischen und dergleichen zu bewirken.
  13. Methode für die Herstellung einer Verpackung zur kontrollierten Freisetzung, die das Formen einer Verpackung aus Verpackungsmaterial wie in diesem Schriftstück in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 beschrieben umfasst, sowie das Formen von Verpackungsmaterial und das Zusetzen von einer oder mehreren freizusetzenden Substanzen, die darin enthalten oder eingeschlossen werden.
  14. Methode gemäß Anspruch 13, wobei das Formen von Verpackungsmaterial aus rückstandsfreiem Siegeln von einer oder mehreren Schichten, Verformen einer oder mehrerer Schichten durch Einwirken von Wärme, Lösemitteln wie Wasser, Vakuum, Druck und dergleichen, Strangpressen, Formen durch Lösung oder Schmelzen, zum Beispiel durch Eintauchen oder Sprühen in eine Form, Gießen, Prägen ausgewählt wird.
  15. Methode gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 und 14, wobei die Substanz(en) innerhalb des Verpackungsmaterials enthalten oder eingeschlossen sein kann (können) durch mechanische oder chemische Mittel, die ausgewählt werden aus gemeinsamer Formgebung des Materials und der Substanz durch Verschmelzen, Vermischen oder Mischen zu einem geschmolzenen Verpackungsmaterial oder einer Lösung daraus, oder Versiegeln des Verpackungsmaterials um die Substanz(en) herum durch Erweichen des Verpackungsmaterials mit Wasser oder einem Sensibilisierungsmittel und Selbstkleben auf nicht erweichtem oder ebenso erweichtem Verpackungsmaterial, Kleben oder Schweißen mit Lösemittel, Klebstoff und dergleichen mit oder ohne Anwendung von Wärme oder Druck, Verbinden der Ränder des Verpackungsmaterials mit einer Siegelflüssigkeit mit abgesenktem Schmelzpunkt wie einem organischen Lösemittel, Wasser, einer Polymerlösung oder -emulsion, einer Lösung eines proteolyitschen Enzyms, das eine Proteinlösung ergibt, und dergleichen sowie Anwendung thermischer Energie oder dergleichen, um Verschmelzen zu bewirken.
  16. Methode gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 15, wobei die Verpackung ein Identifizierungselement umfasst, das zum Beispiel gedruckt, geformt, geprägt oder mit dem Laser erzeugt sein kann, um Art und Herkunft des Inhalts, die Art der Verwendung anzugeben oder um Gestaltungsmerkmale einzuschließen.
  17. Methode gemäß einem der Ansprüche 13 bis 16, wobei die Verpackung oder die darin zu enthaltende Substanz ein zusätzliches Indikatorelement umfasst, zum Beispiel eine Komponente, die anzeigt, wann das Auflösen abgeschlossen ist oder wann die Substanz ihre gewünschte Wirkung erreicht hat.
  18. Methode für die kontrollierte Freisetzung einer Substanz wie vorstehend definiert, wobei eine in Wasser dispergierbare oder lösliche Verpackung wie in einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12 definiert verwendet wird, die die Positionierung der Verpackung an einem Ort für die gewünschte Freisetzung sowie die Einwirkung eines die Freisetzung auslösenden Impulses umfasst, zum Beispiel Herstellung eines Kontakts mit einer wasserhaltigen Substanz in für das Dispergieren oder Lösen wirksamer Menge, Aktivieren der Freisetzung über einen wirksamen Zeitraum wie vorstehend definiert und Freisetzung der Substanz an einen Ort, wobei die Verpackung gleichzeitig oder anschließend im Wesentlichen vollständig in der wasserhaltigen Substanz gelöst wird.
  19. Methode gemäß Anspruch 18 für die Freisetzung agrochemischer Substanzen einschließlich Schädlingsbekämpfungsmittel oder Wirkstoffe zur Regulierung des Pflanzenwachstums, Wirkstoffe gegen Pflanzenkrankheiten, Bodenverbesserungsmittel und dergleichen Anwendungen für Ackerbau, Treibhaus, Gartenbau, Forstwirtschaft und dergleichen auf industrieller Ebene oder für den Hausgebrauch durch Techniken wie Sprühen, Bestäuben, Bohren oder dergleichen.
  20. Methode gemäß Anspruch 18 für die Freisetzung von Umweltbehandlungsmitteln wie Wasserreinigungsmitteln, Desinfektionsmitteln, Abfallbehandlungsmitteln und dergleichen, einschließlich Steuerungsmitteln für im Wasser enthaltene Viren, Bakterien, Lebewesen und Insekten, die Krankheitsträger darstellen können, natürlichen und industriellen Kontaminanten einschließlich im Wasser enthaltener Mittel zur Steuerung des Pflanzenwachstums, Bodenabfluss-Dispergiermittel, Mittel zur Neutralisierung von Kühl- und Recyclingwasser und dergleichen.
  21. Methode gemäß Anspruch 18 für die Handhabung und Freisetzung von Substanzen, die sicher zum Ort der Verwendung transportiert werden sollen, zum Beispiel gefährliche Substanzen wie Ätzmittel, chemische Reagenzien, Substanzen zur Abflussreinigung und dergleichen, die in gelöster Form verwendet werden können, die zwar in Pulverform, wasserfreier Form oder als Konzentrat relativ sicher, wenn auch unangenehm sind, jedoch in Lösung gefährlich werden.
  22. Methode gemäß Anspruch 18 zur Freisetzung von Detergenzien oder anderen Reinigungsmitteln in fester oder flüssiger Form wie Konzentraten, einschließlich Detergenzien für den Hausgebrauch und industrielle Detergenzien zur Reinigung von Geschäftsräumen, Gegenständen und Kleidungsstücken und für die persönliche Hygiene unter Verwendung aller bekannten Detergenzien oder Reinigungsmittel.
  23. Methode gemäß Anspruch 18 für die Freisetzung von Lebensmittelbestandteilen einschließlich Aroma- und Duftstoffen in Form von Feststoffen in getrockneter oder Pulverform, von Flüssigkeiten und flüchtigen Stoffen, Texturierungsmitteln, Farbstoffen, Flüssigkeit absorbierenden Mitteln wie Reis, Maismehl, Salz und dem Verpackungsmaterial als solchem, Ölen und Fetten, Trockenmilchprodukten und anderen Lebensmitteln, die im Beisein von Sauerstoff, Gewürzen, Kräutern und dergleichen verderben.
EP02716217A 2001-08-16 2002-01-22 Wasserlösliche verpackung Expired - Lifetime EP1421010B2 (de)

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PCT/IB2002/000230 WO2003016165A1 (en) 2001-08-16 2002-01-22 Water soluble packaging
US312879P 2010-03-11

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DE (1) DE60223691T3 (de)
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Also Published As

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MXPA04001395A (es) 2004-05-27
DE60223691T3 (de) 2012-07-19
JP3936699B2 (ja) 2007-06-27
DE60223691D1 (de) 2008-01-03
KR20040021698A (ko) 2004-03-10
ES2294123T3 (es) 2008-04-01
CN1543421A (zh) 2004-11-03
CN100351151C (zh) 2007-11-28
EP1421010B1 (de) 2007-11-21
BR0211947A (pt) 2004-09-21
WO2003016165A1 (en) 2003-02-27
ES2294123T5 (es) 2012-06-29
EP1421010A1 (de) 2004-05-26
DE60223691T2 (de) 2008-10-30
CA2454432A1 (en) 2003-02-27
JP2005500211A (ja) 2005-01-06

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