EP1429003A2 - Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion - Google Patents

Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion Download PDF

Info

Publication number: EP1429003A2
Authority: EP; European Patent Office
Prior art keywords: fuel; gas flow; burner; modulated; acoustic
Prior art date: 2002-12-07
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.): Granted

Application number

EP03104405A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Other versions

EP1429003A3 (fr

EP1429003B1 (fr

Inventor

Ephraim Gutmark

Christian Oliver Paschereit

Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)

GE Vernova GmbH

Original Assignee

Alstom Technology AG

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

2002-12-07

Filing date

2003-11-27

Publication date

2004-06-16

2003-11-27 Application filed by Alstom Technology AG filed Critical Alstom Technology AG

2004-06-16 Publication of EP1429003A2 publication Critical patent/EP1429003A2/fr

2005-04-27 Publication of EP1429003A3 publication Critical patent/EP1429003A3/fr

2007-02-21 Application granted granted Critical

2007-02-21 Publication of EP1429003B1 publication Critical patent/EP1429003B1/fr

2023-11-27 Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Status Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
- F05B2260/00—Function
- F05B2260/96—Preventing, counteracting or reducing vibration or noise
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C2205/00—Pulsating combustion
- F23C2205/10—Pulsating combustion with pulsating fuel supply
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for continuous combustion chambers; Combustion processes therefor
- F23R2900/00014—Reducing thermo-acoustic vibrations by passive means, e.g. by Helmholtz resonators

Definitions

the invention relates to a method and a device for influencing thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system with at least a burner and at least one combustion chamber with the features of Preamble of claim 1 and with the features of the preamble of Claim 7.
thermoacoustic vibrations denotes mutually rocking thermal and acoustic disturbances. High vibration amplitudes can occur, which can lead to undesirable effects, such as a high mechanical load on the combustion chamber and increased NO x emissions due to inhomogeneous combustion. This is especially true for combustion systems with low acoustic damping. In order to ensure high performance in terms of pulsations and emissions over a wide operating range, active control of the combustion vibrations may be necessary.
thermoacoustic vibrations are to be influenced by being in the area of the burner forming shear layer is acoustically excited.
thermoacoustic vibrations are to be influenced by an injection of liquid or modulated gaseous fuel.
thermoacoustic Reduce vibration systems are each for influencing one specific interference frequency of the thermoacoustic vibrations. It there is a further need to disrupt the thermoacoustic Reduce vibration systems even more.
the present invention is concerned with Problem, a way to improve the influence of thermoacoustic To show vibrations in a combustion system.
the invention is based on the general idea that is basically known acoustic excitation of the gas flow with the basically known modulated injection of the fuel to influence it Combine the interference frequency of the thermoacoustic vibrations.
Tests have shown that the proposed according to the invention Combination a surprisingly high suppressive effect or Damping effect for the respective interference frequency shows that clearly above the Damping effect of the known acoustic gas flow excitation for itself taken and modulated on the damping effect of the known Fuel injection taken on its own and over that for a combination damping effect expected from these two influencing methods goes.
the unexpectedly strong improvement in the damping effect is thereby on surprisingly occurring, not yet explained synergy effects recycled.
the current acoustic gas flow excitation and the current modulated Fuel injection with the same, measured in the combustion system, with signal coupled to the thermoacoustic vibrations become. This ensures that the two influencing methods are not work independently of one another, but work together in a phase-locked manner.
the phases relate to the amplitude profile of the preferred influencing interference frequency within the thermoacoustic vibrations.
Said measured signal is used to realize the acoustic Gas flow excitation undergoes a first phase shift while it to implement the modulated fuel injection of a second Undergoes phase shift. It may be appropriate to to give a different value to the first phase shift than to the second Phase shift.
FIG. 1 shows a greatly simplified schematic diagram of a device according to the invention.
a device 1 comprises one Control 2, which here only by a broken line symbolized frame is symbolized.
the device 1 also has at least one acoustic source 3 and at least one control valve 4 one Fuel supply device 5.
the fuel supply device 5 is coupled to a combustion system 6, which is usually at least one Has burner 7 and at least one combustion chamber 8. For simplification here are burner 7 and combustion chamber 8 by a common rectangle symbolizes.
the combustion system 6 is also one Gas supply device 9 assigned. While with the control valve 4 the amount of liquid or gaseous fed to the combustion system 6 Fuel is controllable, can be in the acoustic source 3 Combustion system 6 forming gas flow can be influenced. there can the acoustic source 3 - as here - indirectly via the Gas supply device 9 or directly to the combustion system 6 act.
the device 1 is assigned to the combustion system 6 and is used for Influencing thermoacoustic vibrations in the combustion system 6 may occur.
the controller 2 contains a first one Control path 10 and a second control path 11, the input side of a first Contain time delay element 12 or a second time delay element 13.
the control paths 10, 11 contain a first on the output side Amplifier 14 and a second amplifier 15.
the second contains Control path 11 between the second time delay element 13 and the second Amplifier 15 a high-pass filter 16.
the first control path 10 is connected on the output side to the acoustic source 3 is the second Control path 11 is connected on the output side to control valve 4.
the controller 2 also contains a control algorithm 17, which is shown in FIG Depending on incoming signals, corresponding signals to the input sides of the control paths 10, 11 connected in parallel.
the Control algorithm 17 receives its input signals from one not shown here Sensor technology for measuring thermoacoustic vibrations in the Combustion system 6 is formed. The determined by this sensor system Signals correlate with the thermoacoustic vibrations in the Combustion system 6.
the measured signals can be pressure signals be, the sensors then pressure sensors, preferably microphones, in particular with water-cooled microphones and / or microphones piezoelectric pressure transducers. It is also possible that the signals measured by the sensor system are formed by chemical luminescence signals are, preferably by chemiluminescent signals from the emission of one of the Radicals OH or CH.
the sensor system can then expediently use optical sensors for visible or infrared radiation, especially optical fiber probes, exhibit.
the pressure or measured in the combustion chamber 8, for example Luminescence signal is processed accordingly by the control algorithm 7 and the time delay elements 12, 13 fed in parallel.
the Time delay elements 12, 13 then take place for the respective control path 10, 11 provided phase shifts of the incoming signal.
the second control path 11 holds the high-pass filter 16 undesirable, low-frequency Interference so that only the desired high-frequency, phase-shifted signals reach the second amplifier 15.
Amplifiers 14, 15 are then signal amplified.
those of the time delay elements 12, 13 achieved phase shifts selected different sizes.
the controller 2 in particular via its control algorithm 17 Phase shifts of the time delay elements 12, 13 independently can adjust from each other.
the Control 2 e.g. via the control algorithm 17, the amplifiers 14, 15 for Generation of different signal amplitudes independently of one another controls.
the high-pass filter 16 can also be set in a corresponding manner be designed.
driver signals are generated which are used to control or actuate the acoustic source 3 or the control valve 4 can be used. This allows the desired influence on the thermoacoustic vibrations in the Combustion system 6 can be achieved.
the controller 2 in particular its control algorithm 17, can be in Dependence of the current pressure or luminescent signals Time delay elements 12, 13 and / or the amplifiers 14, 15 and / or the Press high pass filter 16. This can influence each Control paths 10, 11 to the interference frequency to be damped varies or be tracked. To this extent, there are control paths 10, 11 for both closed control loops.
thermoacoustic vibrations For the functioning of influencing the thermoacoustic vibrations by means of acoustic excitation of the gas flow, EP 0 918 152 A1 referenced, the content of which is hereby expressly referred to in the Disclosure content of the present invention is incorporated. In is accordingly for the functioning of influencing the thermoacoustic vibrations by means of modulated fuel injection EP 0 985 810 A1, the content of which is hereby expressly referred to Reference to the disclosure content of the present invention is incorporated.
the fluid mechanical stability of a gas turbine burner is of crucial for the occurrence of thermoacoustic vibrations.
the fluid-mechanical instability waves in the burner lead for the formation of vertebrae. These are also referred to as coherent structures Eddies play an important role in mixing processes between air and fuel.
the spatial and temporal dynamics of this coherent Structures affect combustion and heat release. Through the Acoustic excitation of the gas flow can make this coherent Structures are counteracted. Will the emergence of vortex structures reduced or prevented at the burner outlet, this also periodic heat release fluctuation reduced. This periodic Fluctuations in heat release form the basis for the occurrence thermoacoustic vibrations, so that the acoustic excitation Amplitude of the thermoacoustic fluctuations can be reduced.
thermoacoustic vibrations occur in the area of the burner forming shear layer is acoustically excited.
Mixture layer refers to that between two fluid flows forms different speeds. Influencing the shear layer has the advantage that the excitation introduced in the shear layer increases become. So there is little to cancel an existing sound field Excitation energy needed. In contrast, with a pure Anti-sound principle an existing sound field by a phase-shifted Sound field of equal energy extinguished.
the shear layer can be excited both downstream and upstream of the burner become. Downstream of the burner, the shear layer can be excited directly. With an excitation upstream of the burner, the acoustic excitation first introduced into a working gas, for example air, the Then excitation after passage of the working gas through the burner into the Shear layer transmits. Since only a small amount of stimulation is required, can the acoustic source 3 by an acoustic driver, such as a or several speakers, be formed, which is aligned with the gas flow. Alternatively, one or more chamber walls can be closed mechanically Vibrations are excited at the desired frequency.
a working gas for example air
an acoustic driver such as a or several speakers
This signal can be in the combustion chamber or in a downstream of the burner Calming chamber arranged upstream of the burner can be measured.
the current acoustic excitation is then dependent on this Measurement signal controlled.
phase difference between the measurement signal and the current one acoustic excitation signal affects the acoustic excitation of the training coherent structures, so that the amplitude of the pressure pulsation is reduced.
the phase difference mentioned is by the Time delay element 12 is set and takes into account that usually through the arrangement of the measuring sensors and acoustic drivers or sources 3 and phase shifts occur due to the measuring devices and cables themselves. If the set relative phase is chosen so that the largest possible Reducing the pressure amplitude results in all of these being phase shifting Effects implicitly taken into account. Because the cheapest relative phase changes over time can change, the relative phase advantageously remains variable and can be about a control of the pressure fluctuations so that a great suppression is guaranteed.
the training can also be done with the help of the modulated fuel injection influence thermoacoustic vibrations.
a modulated Fuel injection is every time varying injection of understood liquid or gaseous fuel. This modulation can for example with any frequency.
the injection can phase-independent of the pressure fluctuations in the combustion system respectively; however, the embodiment shown here is preferred, in which the Injection with a signal measured in the combustion system 6 is phase-locked, which is correlated with the thermoacoustic vibrations.
the fuel injection is modulated by opening it accordingly and closing the control valve or valves 4, whereby the injection times (start and End of injection) and / or the injection quantity can be varied.
the Modulated fuel supply can be implemented in large eddies Check the amount of fuel. As a result, the training of coherent heat release and thus the emergence of thermoacoustic Instabilities can be influenced.
the modulated injection of the fuel is preferably carried out into the already above-mentioned shear layer within the burner 7. It can be sufficient, only a relatively small proportion of the injected Modulate the amount of fuel. In particular, it can be useful modulates less than 20% of the total amount of fuel injected inject.
the interference frequency of the device 1 according to the invention can in particular be possible to use the interference frequency of the device 1 according to the invention to vary thermoacoustic vibrations.
the Main interference frequency from the respective operating state of the combustion system 6 depend.

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Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
Investigating Or Analyzing Materials Using Thermal Means (AREA)
Control Of Combustion (AREA)

EP03104405A 2002-12-07 2003-11-27 Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion Expired - Lifetime EP1429003B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
DE10257244A DE10257244A1 (de)	2002-12-07	2002-12-07	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
DE10257244		2002-12-07

Publications (3)

Publication Number	Publication Date
EP1429003A2 true EP1429003A2 (fr)	2004-06-16
EP1429003A3 EP1429003A3 (fr)	2005-04-27
EP1429003B1 EP1429003B1 (fr)	2007-02-21

Family

ID=32318997

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
EP03104405A Expired - Lifetime EP1429003B1 (fr)	2002-12-07	2003-11-27	Méthode et dispositif influençant les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans les systèmes de combustion

Country Status (4)

Country	Link
US (1)	US7232308B2 (fr)
EP (1)	EP1429003B1 (fr)
AT (1)	ATE354724T1 (fr)
DE (2)	DE10257244A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP3450848A1 (fr) *	2017-09-01	2019-03-06	Technische Universität Berlin	Procédé pour commander un appareil de combustion et un dispositif de commande

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
DE10257275A1 (de) *	2002-12-07	2004-06-24	Alstom Technology Ltd	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Verbrennungssystemen
US8359837B2 (en) *	2006-12-22	2013-01-29	Cummins Inc.	Temperature determination and control of exhaust aftertreatment system adsorbers
US8028512B2 (en)	2007-11-28	2011-10-04	Solar Turbines Inc.	Active combustion control for a turbine engine
US9759424B2 (en) *	2008-10-29	2017-09-12	United Technologies Corporation	Systems and methods involving reduced thermo-acoustic coupling of gas turbine engine augmentors
US20100192577A1 (en) *	2009-02-02	2010-08-05	General Electric Company	System and method for reducing combustion dynamics in a turbomachine
CN112253317B (zh) *	2020-11-10	2024-10-25	上海电气燃气轮机有限公司	闭环式燃烧控制系统及其控制方法
CN114487259B (zh) *	2022-04-18	2022-08-02	北京航空航天大学	研究金属粉对热声不稳定性影响的实验装置

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US4473906A (en) *	1980-12-05	1984-09-25	Lord Corporation	Active acoustic attenuator
US4490841A (en) *	1981-10-21	1984-12-25	Sound Attenuators Limited	Method and apparatus for cancelling vibrations
US4909731A (en) *	1986-03-06	1990-03-20	Sonotech, Inc.	Method and apparatus for conducting a process in a pulsating environment
US5349811A (en) *	1992-12-16	1994-09-27	Avco Corporation	Pulsed fuel injection system for reducing NOx emissions
US5719791A (en) *	1995-03-17	1998-02-17	Georgia Tech Research Corporation	Methods, apparatus and systems for real time identification and control of modes of oscillation
DE19636093B4 (de) *	1996-09-05	2004-07-29	Siemens Ag	Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur akustischen Modulation einer von einem Hybridbrenner erzeugten Flamme
EP0892219B1 (fr) *	1997-07-15	2002-10-23	Alstom	Procédé et dispositif pour minimiser les vibrations thermoacoustiques dans les chambres de combustion de turbines à gaz
EP0918152A1 (fr) *	1997-11-24	1999-05-26	Abb Research Ltd.	Procédé et dispositif pour contrÔler les vibrations thermoacoustiques dans les chambres de combustion
US6464489B1 (en) *	1997-11-24	2002-10-15	Alstom	Method and apparatus for controlling thermoacoustic vibrations in a combustion system
DE59711378D1 (de) *	1997-11-24	2004-04-08	Alstom Switzerland Ltd	Verfahren zum Minimieren thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Gasturbinenbrennkammern
EP0985810B1 (fr) *	1998-09-10	2003-10-29	ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd	Procédé pour minimiser les oscillations thermoacoustiques dans la chambre de combustion de turbines à gaz
DE59810347D1 (de) *	1998-09-10	2004-01-15	Alstom Switzerland Ltd	Schwingungsdämpfung in Brennkammern
US6179265B1 (en) *	1998-12-08	2001-01-30	Dura Global Technologies Inc.	Single horizontal drive configuration for a seat adjuster
DE10040868A1 (de) *	2000-08-21	2002-03-07	Alstom Power Nv	Verfahren zur Reduzierung thermoakustischer Schwingungen in Strömungskraftmaschinen mit einem Brennersystem

2002
- 2002-12-07 DE DE10257244A patent/DE10257244A1/de not_active Withdrawn
2003
- 2003-11-27 DE DE50306572T patent/DE50306572D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-27 EP EP03104405A patent/EP1429003B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-11-27 AT AT03104405T patent/ATE354724T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-12-03 US US10/725,563 patent/US7232308B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
EP3450848A1 (fr) *	2017-09-01	2019-03-06	Technische Universität Berlin	Procédé pour commander un appareil de combustion et un dispositif de commande
WO2019042813A1 (fr) *	2017-09-01	2019-03-07	Technische Universität Berlin	Procédé de commande d'un appareil de combustion et dispositif de commande
CN111033125A (zh) *	2017-09-01	2020-04-17	柏林工业大学	用于控制燃烧设备的方法和控制装置
US11525417B2 (en)	2017-09-01	2022-12-13	Technische Universität Berlin	Method for controlling a combustion apparatus and control device

Also Published As

Publication number	Publication date
DE10257244A1 (de)	2004-07-15
US7232308B2 (en)	2007-06-19
EP1429003A3 (fr)	2005-04-27
US20050016180A1 (en)	2005-01-27
EP1429003B1 (fr)	2007-02-21
ATE354724T1 (de)	2007-03-15
DE50306572D1 (de)	2007-04-05

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