EP1477752A2 - Congélateur cryogénique - Google Patents

Congélateur cryogénique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1477752A2
EP1477752A2 EP04252790A EP04252790A EP1477752A2 EP 1477752 A2 EP1477752 A2 EP 1477752A2 EP 04252790 A EP04252790 A EP 04252790A EP 04252790 A EP04252790 A EP 04252790A EP 1477752 A2 EP1477752 A2 EP 1477752A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cryogenic freezer
walls
support structure
vacuum space
vacuum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04252790A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1477752A3 (fr
Inventor
Jeff Brooks
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chart Inc
Original Assignee
Chart Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Chart Inc filed Critical Chart Inc
Publication of EP1477752A2 publication Critical patent/EP1477752A2/fr
Publication of EP1477752A3 publication Critical patent/EP1477752A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D3/00—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies
    • F25D3/10—Devices using other cold materials; Devices using cold-storage bodies using liquefied gases, e.g. liquid air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D23/00—General constructional features
    • F25D23/06—Walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/12—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material
    • F25D2201/124—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of fibrous type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/12—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material
    • F25D2201/126—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of cellular type
    • F25D2201/1262—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of cellular type with open cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/12—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material
    • F25D2201/128—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of foil type
    • F25D2201/1282—Insulation with respect to heat using an insulating packing material of foil type with reflective foils
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D2201/00—Insulation
    • F25D2201/10—Insulation with respect to heat
    • F25D2201/14—Insulation with respect to heat using subatmospheric pressure

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cryogenic freezers, and, more particularly, to a vacuum insulated cryogenic freezer that provides increased storage capacity and improved insulation performance.
  • Cryogenic freezers have a wide variety of industrial applications, including but not limited to, storing biological materials such as blood, bone marrow, and micro-organic cultures. These biological materials must be maintained at low temperatures in order to be stored for an extended period without deteriorating.
  • Cryogenic freezers typically are double walled, vacuum insulated containers partially filled with a cryogenic liquid such as liquid nitrogen for establishing an extremely cold storage environment.
  • a cryogenic liquid such as liquid nitrogen for establishing an extremely cold storage environment.
  • Liquid nitrogen has a low boiling point of 77.4 K (-320.4° F). Since cryogenic liquids have a low boiling point and, thus, a low heat of vaporization, heat inflow from the ambient can cause significant losses of cryogen due to the evaporation.
  • the cryogenic freezer In order to minimize the amount of cryogen lost due to evaporation, the cryogenic freezer requires thermal and radiant barriers such as insulation and a high vacuum between the container walls.
  • the vacuum space can also be filled with multiple layers of insulation to reduce heat transfer.
  • An example of multi-layered insulation is a low conductive sheet material comprised of fibers for reducing heat transfer by conduction.
  • the insulation can comprise radiation layers that are combined with the fiber layers. The radiation layer reduces the transmission of radiant heat in the freezer see, for example, U.S. Patent No. 5,542,255 to Preston et al. and U.S. Patent No. 5,404,918 to Gustafson.
  • Containers have been designed with the vacuum space capable of maintaining a low pressure of 0.1 microns when the container is holding a cryogen. Such containers, however, typically feature a round, oval, or cylindrical shape. Such shapes provide the structural strength required by the walls of the container when such a high vacuum is drawn. If these cryogenic freezers were rectangular, the walls would collapse or deform when the vacuum is drawn due to insufficient structural support. Typically, the insulation materials disposed in the vacuum space of flat panel freezers fail to provide enough structural support for the container walls. Thus, the shape of the container is limited to cylindrical shapes.
  • a cryogenic freezer with optimum storage capacity such as a cube or rectangular enclosure which enables the walls of the freezer to maintain their shape when a high vacuum is drawn.
  • a rectangular cryogenic freezer that addresses the above issues is disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 6,230,500 to Mao et al.
  • the Mao et al. '500 patent discloses a rectangular freezer with a vacuum space that is filled with alternating layers. of reflective material and three dimensional geometric grid support structure material.
  • the reflective material is comprised of pieces of reflective foil surrounding an insulating material, such as SUPERGEL foam, manufactured by the Cabot Corporation of Boston, Massachusetts.
  • SUPERGEL foam insulating material
  • a disadvantage of the freezer of the Mao et al. '500 patent is the added costs and manufacturing complexity of using multiple support structure layers.
  • the three dimensional geometric grid material and reflective material of the Mao et al. '500 are expensive to construct.
  • the present invention is a cryogenic freezer for storing materials at temperatures deviating greatly from ambient.
  • the freezer includes inner and outer containers, each having four walls and a bottom.
  • the inner container is positioned within the outer container and the tops of their walls are sealed so that a vacuum space is defined therebetween.
  • a plurality of alternating layers of reflective material and a flexible insulating material are positioned in the vacuum space adjacent the walls of the inner container.
  • a support structure is positioned in the sealed vacuum space with one side positioned adjacent to the plurality of alternating layers and the other side adjacent to the walls of the outer container. The support structure substantially reduces deflection of the walls when air is evacuated from the vacuum space.
  • the support structure may be a support grid sandwiched between two layers of rigid insulating material.
  • the support grid includes a first set of parallel strip members oriented perpendicular to a second set of parallel strip members so that a plurality of cells are formed. Openings are provided in the parallel strip members so that the cells are open.
  • the support structure may be an open-cell foam material.
  • the vacuum space also includes a molecular sieve for absorbing gases therein.
  • a sealable vacuum port is formed in the outer container and is in communication with the vacuum space so that a vacuum may be pulled on the vacuum space.
  • a first embodiment of the cryogenic freezer of the present invention is indicated generally at 10.
  • the cryogenic freezer 10 features an inner container 12, an outer container 14, and a vacuum space 16 therebetween.
  • the inner container 12 and outer container 14 are preferably constructed from stainless steel.
  • Typical freezer dimensions are 27" x 27" x 35" (L x W x H).
  • the freezer 10 is cubic or box-shaped and the inner container 12 and the outer container 14 each have four square or rectangular side walls and a square or rectangular bottom.
  • a top 15 is pivotally connected to the top edge of the freezer.
  • the rectangular freezer takes up the same amount of floor space as cylindrical shaped cryogenic freezers commonly known in the art. The larger volume of the rectangular design, however, provides additional storage space in the freezer.
  • the vacuum space 16 contains alternating layers of a reflective material 18 and a flexible insulating material 20 adjacent to inner container 12.
  • a support structure in the form of a support grid 22 sandwiched between two layers of rigid insulation material 26a and 26b is positioned between the outer container 14 and the alternating reflective and flexible insulating material layers.
  • the vacuum space includes a molecular sieve 24.
  • the molecular sieve 24 can be, but is not limited to, a carbon or ceramic based material.
  • the molecular sieve 24 is preferably laid on the outside bottom surface of the inner container 12 during assembly. The molecular sieve 24 addresses the problem of out-gassing and chemically absorbs gas remaining after a vacuum is drawn.
  • getters commonly known in the art, can be placed at the bottom of the freezer in the vacuum space.
  • the getters also address the problem of out-gassing.
  • the getters chemically absorb the gas remaining after a vacuum is drawn.
  • the reflective material 18 is preferably comprised of sheets of reflective foil.
  • An example of a suitable flexible insulating material 20 is insulation paper such as CRYOTHERM 243 insulating paper from the Lydall Corporation of Manchester, Connecticut. At least one layer of the flexible insulating material 20 is placed on either side of the reflective foil 18. The air between the reflective and flexible insulating material layers is evacuated as the vacuum space 16 is evacuated. The reflective foil reduces the radiant energy that is transmitted through the vacuum space 16 between the inner container 12 and the outer container 14. The flexible insulating material 20 provides a thermal barrier between each layer of reflective foil.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates, in general at 22, a perspective view of the support grid.
  • the support grid 22 features a first set of parallel strip members 23 that are oriented in perpendicular fashion to a second set of parallel strip members 24.
  • a number of cells 25 are formed.
  • the portions of the strip members 23 and 24 defining the walls of each cell 25 are provided with openings 27.
  • the support grid 22 features an open-cell configuration to allow air to be evacuated out of the vacuum space 16 to form the vacuum.
  • the open-cell grid structure also enables the molecular sieve 24 to absorb residual moisture and gas in the vacuum space to insure long vacuum life.
  • the support grid preferably is constructed from a composite, plastic, or ceramic material.
  • the support grid 22 material should be selected to limit the thermal conductivity and control out-gassing in the vacuum space.
  • a list of appropriate materials for the support grid 22 includes, but is not limited to, T304 stainlesss steel, polyurethane, Ryton R4, Vectra LCP, Vectra E130, Noryl GFN-3-801, Ultem 2300, Valox 420, Profax PP701N, polypropylene and Nylon 66.
  • the support grid 22 provides physical support to the walls of the inner and outer containers 12 and 14 of the cryogenic freezer so that when a vacuum is drawn in vacuum space 16, they do not collapse.
  • the support grid 22 can withstand the maximum pressure at full vacuum because of its grid structure.
  • the support grid 22 uniformly distributes the load on the walls of the inner and outer containers 12 and 14. Thus, the thickness of the walls of the inner and outer containers 12 and 14, respectively, can be reduced.
  • the low heat transfer coefficient of the support grid 22 minimizes the heat conducted from the outer container 14 to the inner container 12.
  • the support grid 22 also reduces heat conductivity by maximizing the open space and minimizing direct contact between the support grid 22 and the layers of rigid insulation material 26a and 26b (FIG. 2).
  • the support grid 22 is sandwiched between two layers of rigid insulation material 26a and 26b.
  • the rigid insulation material preferably is G-11 fiberglass sheeting.
  • the rigid insulation material provides additional thermal insulation between the support grid 22 and the outer container 14 as well as between the support grid and the alternating layers of reflective material 18 and flexible insulation material 20.
  • rigid insulation material 26a prevents the edges of support grid 22 from tearing the reflective and flexible insulation materials 18 and 20.
  • the cryogenic freezer 10 is assembled by placing the molecular sieve 24 on the outside bottom surface of the inner container 12. Alternating layers of the reflective material 18 and flexible insulation 20 are layered in the vacuum space such that the first and last layer placed are flexible insulation 20. The number of layers is preferably thirty or less. This is followed by the rigid insulation material 26a, then the support grid 22 and then the rigid insulation material 26b which abuts the inside surface of the outer container 14. After the inner container 12 is positioned within the outer container 14, the annular opening between the two at the top of the freezer is closed with a ring-shaped top plate, illustrated at 30 in FIG. 1. The top plate 30 is welded to the top edges of the inner container 12 and the outer container 14 to seal the space between them, that is, vacuum space 16.
  • a vacuum is drawn in space 16 to increase the insulation value of the freezer.
  • the cryogenic freezer 10 includes a port 28 (FIG. 1) in the outer container 14 for that purpose.
  • the port 28 may be located at the rim of the top or on the bottom of the freezer.
  • a vacuum pump is connected to the port 28 to evacuate the air in the vacuum space 16. Thereafter the port is sealed.
  • a second embodiment of the cryogenic freezer of the present invention is indicated in general at 110 in FIG. 5.
  • the freezer includes an inner container 112 and an outer container 114 with a vacuum space 116 therebetween.
  • the inner and outer containers each include four rectangular or square side walls and a square or rectangular bottom so that the freezer is cubic or box-shaped.
  • a molecular sieve 124 or a getter is positioned within the vacuum space 116 to absorb gas therein.
  • a top 115 is pivotally connected to the top edge of the freezer.
  • the vacuum space 116 is filled with a foam support structure 122 and, as with the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4, alternating layers of reflective material 118 and flexible insulation 120.
  • the reflective material 118 and flexible insulation 120 may be constructed of the same materials recited above with reference to reflective material 18 and flexible insulation 20 in FIG. 2.
  • the foam support structure 122 replaces the support grid and rigid insulation layers (22, 26a and 26b, respectively, in FIG. 2) of the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4.
  • the rigid open cell foam support 122 may be, but is not limited to, plastic, metallic or ceramic open cell foam.
  • the foam material should be selected to limit the thermal conductivity and control out-gassing in the vacuum space.
  • the support foam material may be, but is not limited to, stainless steel, polyurethane or polystyrene.
  • the support foam provides physical support to the walls inner and outer containers 112 and 114 so that when a vacuum is drawn on vacuum space 116, they do not collapse.
  • the support foam 122 can withstand the maximum pressure at full vacuum because of its cellular structure.
  • the support foam 122 uniformly distributes the load on the walls of the inner and outer containers 112 and 114. As a result, the thickness of the walls may be reduced.
  • the support foam 122 is configured with an open-cell structure to allow air to be evacuated out of the vacuum space 116 to form the vacuum.
  • the open-cell foam structure enables the molecular sieve 124 to absorb residual moisture and gas in the vacuum space 116 to ensure long vacuum life for the freezer.
  • the low heat transfer coefficient of the support foam 122 minimizes the heat conducted from the outer container 114 to the inner container 112.
  • the support foam 122 also reduces heat conductivity by maximizing the open space.
  • the cryogenic freezer 110 is assembled by placing the molecular sieve 124 on the outside surface of the bottom of the inner container 112. Alternating layers of the reflective material 118 and the flexible insulation 120 are then placed in the vacuum space 116 such that the first layer placed against the inner wall 112 is flexible insulation material. Preferably up to 30 layers are formed with the last sheet being a sheet of flexible insulation material.
  • the support foam 122 is next positioned so as to rest between the layers and the walls of outer container 114 when the freezer is assembled.
  • the cryogenic freezer 110 includes a sealable port 128 (FIG. 5) in the outer container 114 that connects to a vacuum pump for that purpose.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
EP04252790A 2003-05-14 2004-05-13 Congélateur cryogénique Withdrawn EP1477752A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US437655 2003-05-14
US10/437,655 US20040226956A1 (en) 2003-05-14 2003-05-14 Cryogenic freezer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1477752A2 true EP1477752A2 (fr) 2004-11-17
EP1477752A3 EP1477752A3 (fr) 2005-06-08

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