EP1519638B1 - Méthode pour commander une lampe à décharge basse pression - Google Patents

Méthode pour commander une lampe à décharge basse pression Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1519638B1
EP1519638B1 EP04019957A EP04019957A EP1519638B1 EP 1519638 B1 EP1519638 B1 EP 1519638B1 EP 04019957 A EP04019957 A EP 04019957A EP 04019957 A EP04019957 A EP 04019957A EP 1519638 B1 EP1519638 B1 EP 1519638B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lamp
voltage drop
time
switching means
low
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04019957A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1519638A1 (fr
Inventor
Peter Krummel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B41/00—Circuit arrangements or apparatus for igniting or operating discharge lamps
    • H05B41/14—Circuit arrangements
    • H05B41/26—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC
    • H05B41/28—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters
    • H05B41/295—Circuit arrangements in which the lamp is fed by power derived from DC by means of a converter, e.g. by high-voltage DC using static converters with semiconductor devices and specially adapted for lamps with preheating electrodes, e.g. for fluorescent lamps

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • the publication WO 00/72640 A1 describes a circuit arrangement and a method for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp by means of a half-bridge inverter, wherein the lamp electrodes of the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp during a heating phase before igniting the gas discharge in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp by means of a transformer whose primary-side current by means of a controllable switching means is clocked, are acted upon by a heating current and the change in the electrical resistance of at least one lamp electrode is monitored in order to recognize the connected to the operating device type of low-pressure discharge lamp.
  • the change in the electrical resistance of the lamp electrode is monitored by means of an ohmic resistor, which is arranged on the secondary side of the transformer.
  • Publication WO 00/72642 A1 discloses an electronic ballast for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp on an inverter with a connected load circuit which contains the lamp and a series resonant circuit and an evaluation circuit which reacts to different operating states of the lamp and in the event of a defect or removal of the lamp Generates signals that are used to switch off the inverter.
  • the inventive method for operating at least one low-pressure discharge lamp by means of an inverter wherein the lamp electrodes of the at least low-pressure discharge lamp during a heating phase before the ignition of the gas discharge in the at least one low-pressure discharge lamp by means of a transformer whose primary-side current is clocked by means of a controllable switching means, are acted upon by a heating current and the change in the electrical resistance of at least one lamp electrode is monitored, according to the invention is characterized in that the controllable switching means is switched in synchronism with a first inverter switching means and the change in the electrical resistance of the at least one lamp electrode by means of a resistive element arranged on the primary side of the transformer is determined by selecting the voltage drop across the resistive element at at least two different times during the heating phase is evaluated.
  • the current through the primary winding of the transformer and not the heating current is evaluated on the secondary side of the transformer for detecting the lamp type during the preheating phase of the lamp electrodes.
  • This can be dispensed with measuring arrangements in the secondary circuits of the transformer and the monitoring device can be simplified accordingly.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously be used for the operation of a plurality of low-pressure discharge lamps, since the multi-lamp operation requires no additional measuring devices.
  • the increase in the electrical resistance of the lamp electrodes with increasing heating, regardless of the number of operated in the load circuit low-pressure discharge lamps according to the invention detected solely by means of a resistive element on the primary side of the transformer by the voltage drop across the resistor element is evaluated at least two different times during the heating phase ,
  • the voltage drop across the resistive element is evaluated at a first time in a time window in the range of 10 ms to 50 ms after the beginning of the heating phase is arranged in order to evaluate the cold resistance of the lamp electrodes reliably.
  • the voltage drop across the resistance element is evaluated at a second time, which is arranged at the end of the heating phase in order to reliably evaluate the heat resistance of the lamp electrodes. From the comparison of these two measurements, it can be determined whether the lamp electrodes were cold at the beginning of the heating phase or whether a replacement resistor was connected instead of the lamp. The lamp type can already be determined from the second measured value alone.
  • a lamp type detection is carried out only when the absolute value of the difference between the two aforementioned measured values exceeds a predetermined size.
  • a replacement resistor is connected to the operating device or the lamp electrodes were not sufficiently cooled at the beginning of the heating phase since the last lamp operation.
  • the evaluation of the voltage drop across the resistor element is advantageously carried out by means of a low-pass filter.
  • the low-pass filter averages the voltage drop across the resistive element over a time interval that is long compared to the switching clock of the controllable switching means and the inverter, but short compared to the duration of the heating phase of the lamp electrodes.
  • the duration of the heating phase before the ignition of the gas discharge in the lamp is preferably constant and is about 600 ms, while a switching cycle of the controllable switching means in the heating phase takes about 10 ⁇ s.
  • the energy stored in the primary winding of the transformer is dissipated in an advantageous manner during the turn-off of the controllable switching means by means of a second inverter switching means in order to prevent a voltage overload of the controllable switching means.
  • the energy stored in the primary winding is preferably fed back into the link capacitor, which serves as a DC voltage source for the inverter in order to use it for the lamp operation can.
  • the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 1 is an electronic ballast for operating a low-pressure discharge lamp, in particular a fluorescent lamp.
  • This circuit arrangement has two field effect transistors T1. T2, which are arranged in the manner of a half-bridge inverter. Both field effect transistors receive their control signal from a microcontroller MC.
  • a DC link capacitor C1 Parallel to the DC voltage input of the half-bridge inverter T1, T2, a DC link capacitor C1 is arranged with a comparatively large capacity.
  • the DC link capacitor C1 serves as a DC voltage source for the half-bridge inverter.
  • a DC voltage of about 400 volts is provided, which is the AC line voltage by means of a mains voltage rectifier (not shown) and a boost converter (not shown) is generated.
  • the DC link capacitor C1 is arranged parallel to the voltage output of the boost converter.
  • a load circuit Connected to the output M of the half-bridge inverter is a load circuit formed as a series resonant circuit, which consists essentially of the lamp inductor L1 and the ignition capacitor C2.
  • the lamp electrodes E1, E2 of the fluorescent lamp LP are formed as electrode filaments each having two electrical terminals. Parallel to the electrode coil E1, E2 is in each case a secondary winding S1, S2 of a transformer connected, which serves for inductive heating of the electrode coils E1, E2.
  • the primary winding P1 of this transformer is connected in series with the switching path of a further field effect transistor T3, whose control electrode is also acted upon by the microcontroller MC with control signals, and a measuring resistor R1.
  • the series circuit of the components P1, T3 and R1 is connected to the output M of the half-bridge inverter.
  • a first terminal of the primary winding P1 is connected to the output M of the half-bridge inverter and to the lamp inductor L1, while the second terminal of the primary winding P1 is connected to the field effect transistor T3 and in the forward direction through a diode D1 with the high potential terminal (+). of the DC link capacitor C1 is connected.
  • a first terminal of the measuring resistor R1 is connected to the ground potential (-), while the second terminal of the measuring resistor is connected to the field effect transistor T3 and via a low-pass filter R2, C4 to the voltage input A of the microcontroller MC.
  • the load circuit L1, C2, LP By means of half-voltage supply of the half-bridge inverter charged coupling capacitor C3 and the alternating switching transistors T1, T2 of the half-bridge inverter, the load circuit L1, C2, LP acted upon in a known manner with a high-frequency AC voltage whose frequency is determined by the switching clock of the transistors T1, T2 and in the range of about 50 kHz up to 150 KHz.
  • the transistor T3 is turned on and off by the microcontroller MC in synchronism with the transistor T1.
  • the voltage drop across the measuring resistor R1 is averaged over a time interval of a plurality of switching cycles of the transistor T3 and supplied to the voltage input A of the microcontroller MC.
  • the input voltage at terminal A of the microcontroller MC is converted by means of an analog-to-digital converter into a digital signal and evaluated in the microcontroller MC.
  • the heating phase of the electrode filaments E1, E2 before the ignition of the gas discharge in the fluorescent lamp LP lasts approximately 600 ms.
  • the microcontroller MC detects the voltage drop across the capacitor C4 of the low pass filter at two different times during the heating phase. The first detection of the voltage drop across the capacitor C4 by the microcontroller MC is performed about 30 ms after the start of the heating phase and the second detection at the end of the heating phase, that is, about 600 ms after the start of the heating phase.
  • the voltage value detected at the end of the heating phase for detecting the lamp type of the fluorescent lamp LP is compared with a reference value stored in the microcontroller MC. If the threshold is not exceeded, there is no evaluation of the voltage drop at Capacitor C4 or on the measuring resistor R1.
  • the time profile of the voltage drop at the measuring resistor R1 or at the capacitor C4 of the low-pass filter is correlated with the time profile of the electrical resistance of the electrode coils E1, E2 during the heating phase.
  • the heat resistance of the electrode coils E1, E2, that is, their resistance at the end of the heating phase is different for different types of fluorescent lamps. Therefore, the heat resistance of the electrode filaments can be used for lamp type detection.
  • Figures 2 to 4 show the time course of the voltage drop across the current flowing through the primary side current of the transformer P1, S1, S2 resistor R1 after averaging by the low-pass filter R2, C4 for three different operating states of the circuit arrangement according to the preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the time course shown in Figure 2 of the voltage drop across the capacitor C4 corresponds to the operation of the circuit arrangement with a fluorescent lamp LP whose electrode coils E1, E2 were cold at the beginning of the heating phase, that is, had room temperature. Therefore, the voltage drop across the capacitor C4 initially increases, reaching a maximum of 0.48 V after about 30 ms, and then steadily decreasing to assume a minimum of 0.22 V at the end of the heating phase after 600 ms. The maximum is correlated with the cold resistance of the electrode filaments E1, E2 and the minimum at the end of the heating phase is correlated with the heat resistance of the electrode filaments E1, E2.
  • the electrical resistance of the existing of tungsten electrode coils E1, E2 is temperature-dependent, that is, it increases with increasing temperature.
  • FIG. 3 shows the time profile of the voltage drop across the capacitor C4 for the same circuit arrangement and the same fluorescent lamp LP.
  • the electrode filaments E1, E2 were not fully cooled at the beginning of the heating phase, due to the last lamp operation. Therefore, the voltage curve shown in Figure 3 has a less pronounced maximum of only 0.27 V at about 30 ms and the minimum of the curve is also reached at the end of the heating phase, but is only 0.20 V.
  • the time profile of the voltage drop across the capacitor C4 shown in FIG. 4 corresponds to the operation of the above circuit arrangement with an ohmic equivalent resistance instead of the electrode filaments E1 or E2 of the fluorescent lamp LP.
  • the voltage drop across the capacitor C4, apart from the rise during the first approximately 30 ms of the heating phase, is independent of time and is approximately 0.22 V.
  • the microcontroller MC detects the voltage drop across the capacitor C4 for the first time about 30 ms after the start of the heating phase and the second time about 600 ms after the beginning of the heating phase. If the absolute value of the difference of the two voltage values exceeds a predetermined threshold value of, for example, 0.1 V, the voltage value at the end of the heating phase is compared with a reference value stored in the microcontroller MC and used for lamp type detection. This case is given only in the voltage curve shown in Figure 2. In the other two cases, that is to say, in the case of the voltage profiles shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, no evaluation is carried out with regard to the lamp type detection. In these two cases, the data stored by the last lamp operation in the microcontroller MC are used for the operation of the circuit arrangement or the electronic control gear.
  • the required ignition voltage for igniting the gas discharge in the fluorescent lamp LP is provided to the capacitor C2 by means of the resonance peaking method by reducing the switching frequency of the half-bridge inverter T1, T2 to be close to the resonance frequency of the series resonant circuit L1, C2.
  • a brightness control of the fluorescent lamp LP can be performed by varying the switching frequency of the half-bridge inverter T1, T2.
  • the fluorescent lamp LP During the dimming operation of the fluorescent lamp LP, its electrode filaments E1, E2 are acted upon by means of the transformer P1, S1, S2 and the transistor T3 with a heating current which flows in addition to the discharge current through the electrode filaments E1, E2.
  • the heating current or the heating power is dependent on the brightness of the Fluorescent lamp set. At low brightness, that is, at high dimming of the fluorescent lamp LP high heat output is set.
  • the heating power is adjusted by changing the pulse width of the transistor T3, in particular by changing the duty cycle of the transistor T3.
  • the transistor T3 is turned on in synchronism with the transistor T1.
  • the turn-on of the transistor T3 is at maximum heating power 100% of the turn-on of the transistor T1. With lower heating power, the turn-on of the transistor T3 is shorter than the turn-on of the transistor T1.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further circuit arrangement which is particularly well suited for the application of the method according to the invention.
  • This circuit arrangement is largely identical to the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. Therefore, in the figures 1 and 5 identical components bear the same reference numerals.
  • the circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 5 has two additional diodes D2, D3 which are each connected in series with a secondary winding S1 or S2 and an electrode spiral E1 or E2.
  • the arrangement of the diodes D2, D3 and the winding sense of the transformer windings P1, S1, S2 is coordinated so that the transformer, P1, S1, S2 with the diodes D2, D3 and the transistor T3 form a forward converter.
  • the current through the primary winding P1 in the secondary windings S1, S2 induces a heating current for the electrode filaments E1, E2.
  • the diodes D2, D3 are poled in the reverse direction, so that during the meantime no heating current can flow.
  • the stored energy in the primary winding P1 is dissipated during the conducting phase of the transistor T2 via the diode D1 to the capacitor C1.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment described in more detail above. Instead of evaluating the voltage drop across the resistor R1 during the preheating phase of the electrodes E1, E2 only at the beginning and at the end of the preheating phase, the entire time profile of this voltage drop can be evaluated by means of the microcontroller MC or only the maximum of the voltage drop on the resistor R1 to the final value of this voltage drop at the end of the preheat phase are compared to allow detection of the lamp type of the low-pressure discharge lamp or fluorescent lamp LP.

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  • Circuit Arrangements For Discharge Lamps (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner au moins une lampe à décharge à basse pression au moyen d'un onduleur, les électrodes (E1, E2) de la au moins une lampe (LP) à décharge à basse pression étant alimentées en un courant de chauffage pendant une phase de chauffage, avant l'amorçage de la décharge dans un gaz dans la au moins une lampe (LP) à décharge à basse pression, au moyen d'un transformateur (P1, S1, S2) dont le courant du côté primaire est cadencé à l'aide d'un moyen (T3) de commutation pouvant être commandé, et la variation de la résistance électrique de la au moins une électrode (E1, E2) de lampe étant contrôlée à l'aide d'un élément (R1) résistif qui est monté du côté primaire du transformateur (P1, S1, S2) en exploitant la chute de tension aux bornes de l'élément (R1) résistif en au moins deux instants différents pendant la phase de chauffage, caractérisé en ce que l'on monte le moyen (T3) de commutation, qui peut être commandé, de manière synchrone à un premier moyen (T1) de commutation d'onduleur, et on compare à une valeur de seuil prescrite la valeur absolue de la différence entre la chute de tension déterminée à un premier instant de la phase de chauffage aux bornes de l'élément (R1) résistif et la chute de tension déterminée à un deuxième instant à la fin de la phase de chauffage aux bornes de l'élément (R1) résistif, et on exploite la chute de tension déterminée au deuxième instant pour détecter le type de lampe si la valeur absolue de la différence dépasse le seuil prescrit.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on exploite la chute de tension aux bornes de l'élément (R1) résistif à l'aide d'un filtre (R2, C4) passe-bas.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'énergie emmagasinée dans l'enroulement (P1) primaire, pendant la durée où le moyen (T3) de commutation, qui peut être commandé, n'est pas passant, est dissipée à l'aide d'un deuxième moyen (T2) de commutation à onduleur et d'un circuit (D1) à diode.
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le premier instant où l'on exploite la chute de tension aux bornes de l'élément (R1) résistif est disposé dans un créneau temporel de 10 ms à 50 ms après le début de la phase de chauffage.
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'amorçage de la décharge dans un gaz dans la au moins une lampe (LP) à décharge à basse pression, on exploite la chute de tension aux bornes de l'élément (R1) résistif pour réguler la puissance de chauffage des électrodes (E1, E2) de lampe et l'on fait varier la puissance de chauffage en modifiant la durée pendant laquelle le moyen (T3) de commutation qui peut être commandé, est à l'état passant, le moyen (T3) de commutation, qui peut être commandé, étant mis à l'état passant en synchronisme avec le premier moyen (T1) de commutation à onduleur, et la durée pendant laquelle il est à l'état passant est inférieure ou égale à la durée pendant laquelle le premier moyen (T1) de commutation à onduleur est à l'état passant.
EP04019957A 2003-09-29 2004-08-23 Méthode pour commander une lampe à décharge basse pression Expired - Lifetime EP1519638B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10345610A DE10345610A1 (de) 2003-09-29 2003-09-29 Verfahren zum Betreiben mindestens einer Niederdruckentladungslampe
DE10345610 2003-09-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1519638A1 EP1519638A1 (fr) 2005-03-30
EP1519638B1 true EP1519638B1 (fr) 2007-04-04

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EP04019957A Expired - Lifetime EP1519638B1 (fr) 2003-09-29 2004-08-23 Méthode pour commander une lampe à décharge basse pression

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US (1) US6972531B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1519638B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4652002B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN100566496C (fr)
AT (1) ATE358964T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2482665A1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10345610A1 (fr)

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JP2001210490A (ja) * 2000-01-26 2001-08-03 Matsushita Electric Works Ltd 放電灯点灯装置
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WO2003034794A1 (fr) * 2001-10-18 2003-04-24 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Ballast de protection contre les courts-circuits
EP1452073A1 (fr) * 2001-11-23 2004-09-01 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif de chauffage d'electrodes d'une lampe a decharge
DE10200053A1 (de) * 2002-01-02 2003-07-17 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Betriebsgerät für Entladungslampen mit Vorheizeinrichtung

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US6972531B2 (en) 2005-12-06
JP2005108841A (ja) 2005-04-21
CA2482665A1 (fr) 2005-03-29
DE502004003377D1 (de) 2007-05-16
EP1519638A1 (fr) 2005-03-30
CN100566496C (zh) 2009-12-02
DE10345610A1 (de) 2005-05-12
US20050067980A1 (en) 2005-03-31
CN1638593A (zh) 2005-07-13
ATE358964T1 (de) 2007-04-15
JP4652002B2 (ja) 2011-03-16

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