EP1525269A2 - Composition ignifugeante, procede de preparation et utilisation de cette composition - Google Patents
Composition ignifugeante, procede de preparation et utilisation de cette compositionInfo
- Publication number
- EP1525269A2 EP1525269A2 EP03758193A EP03758193A EP1525269A2 EP 1525269 A2 EP1525269 A2 EP 1525269A2 EP 03758193 A EP03758193 A EP 03758193A EP 03758193 A EP03758193 A EP 03758193A EP 1525269 A2 EP1525269 A2 EP 1525269A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- composition according
- silica
- flame
- flame retardant
- retardant
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 18
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000012757 flame retardant agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000004079 fireproofing Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 124
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 60
- -1 3, 2 -dioxaphosphorinan-5-yl Chemical group 0.000 claims description 44
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 24
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 11
- 229920002292 Nylon 6 Polymers 0.000 claims description 10
- BQPNUOYXSVUVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-[2-(4-diphenoxyphosphoryloxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenyl] diphenyl phosphate Chemical class C=1C=C(OP(=O)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C(C=C1)=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 BQPNUOYXSVUVMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- OWICEWMBIBPFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N (3-diphenoxyphosphoryloxyphenyl) diphenyl phosphate Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=C(OP(=O)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)OC=2C=CC=CC=2)C=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 OWICEWMBIBPFAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000388 Polyphosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011324 bead Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002903 organophosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001205 polyphosphate Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011176 polyphosphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004634 thermosetting polymer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920000571 Nylon 11 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000299 Nylon 12 Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000378 calcium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052918 calcium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])=O OYACROKNLOSFPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;disodium;oxygen(2-);silicon(4+);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Na+].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Si+4] JYIMWRSJCRRYNK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004177 diethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- SZTJCIYEOQYVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl(propyl)phosphinic acid Chemical compound CCCP(C)(O)=O SZTJCIYEOQYVED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 15
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 20
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 16
- OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-D Chemical compound OC(=O)COC1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl OVSKIKFHRZPJSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004594 Masterbatch (MB) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010410 dusting Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 2
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000006068 polycondensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000137 polyphosphoric acid Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001698 pyrogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002993 sponge (artificial) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003319 Araldite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001342 Bakelite® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Cetrimonium bromide Chemical compound [Br-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C LZZYPRNAOMGNLH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001251094 Formica Species 0.000 description 1
- HVFRZXFILUBXJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N P(O)(O)=O.C(C)C1COP(OC1)C Chemical compound P(O)(O)=O.C(C)C1COP(OC1)C HVFRZXFILUBXJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006121 Polyxylylene adipamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003180 amino resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000004984 aromatic diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004637 bakelite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000071 blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005684 electric field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010101 extrusion blow moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011152 fibreglass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009970 fire resistant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007970 homogeneous dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005660 hydrophilic surface Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003951 lactams Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001707 polybutylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002459 porosimetry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000518 rheometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011115 styrene butadiene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003011 styrenyl group Chemical group [H]\C(*)=C(/[H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K21/00—Fireproofing materials
- C09K21/02—Inorganic materials
- C09K21/04—Inorganic materials containing phosphorus
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/12—Adsorbed ingredients, e.g. ingredients on carriers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10S428/92—Fire or heat protection feature
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249955—Void-containing component partially impregnated with adjacent component
- Y10T428/249956—Void-containing component is inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249994—Composite having a component wherein a constituent is liquid or is contained within preformed walls [e.g., impregnant-filled, previously void containing component, etc.]
- Y10T428/249995—Constituent is in liquid form
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
- Y10T428/2991—Coated
- Y10T428/2993—Silicic or refractory material containing [e.g., tungsten oxide, glass, cement, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new flame retardant composition based on a flame retardant agent impregnated on a porous support such as a mineral oxide of high porosity, its preparation process and its use for flame retardant materials and in particular polymers.
- the flame retardancy of polymers is usually carried out with flame retardants in solid form because their incorporation into the polymer is easy to implement.
- the use of a liquid flame retardant requires the use of pumps. This difficulty of implementation is further increased if the flame retardant to be used is in the form of a viscous liquid. In this case, it is then necessary to provide a system for heating the container containing the flame retardant, supply and outlet pipes and the pump used.
- the addition of flame retardant additives to the polymers is carried out either directly by adding the generally solid flame retardant to the molten polymer or by the use of masterbatches or concentrated mixtures. These mixtures are obtained by premixing a large quantity of the flame retardant in a matrix which may be identical to the polymer to be flame retarded or a polymer enabling better dispersion of the flame retardant.
- the masterbatch is formed, for example in the form of extruded granules or pellets.
- red phosphorus a compound used to flame retard polyamides, is carried out via masterbatches sold under the trade name.
- liquid flame retardants based on phosphorus such as phosphonic acids, their esters and salts, phosphoric esters or phosphinic acids, their esters and salts.
- activation temperature is meant the temperature at which the flame retardant property of the additive occurs either, for example, by decomposition or by reaction with the matrix or another compound of the composition.
- activation temperature is meant the temperature at which the flame retardant property of the additive occurs either, for example, by decomposition or by reaction with the matrix or another compound of the composition.
- a new flame-retardant composition comprising a flame-retardant agent impregnated on a porous solid support, characterized in that the surface of the porous support has a hydrophilic character or hydrophobic, the organophosphorus compound having a hydrophilic or hydrophobic character equivalent to said surface of the porous compound.
- the liquid flame retardant agent or compound is advantageously different from orthophosphoric acid or polyphosphoric acid.
- impregnation is meant that the flame retardant compound is bound at least temporarily to the solid substrate by any type of bond such as absorption in the porous structure of the particle if it exists, wetting or adsorption of the flame retardant compound on the surface of the particles. by at least one layer of the flame retardant compound, or attachment or grafting of the flame retardant compound to the surface of the particles by chemical or physico-chemical bonds.
- adsorption or fixation is facilitated by the choice of a solid substrate having surface properties compatible with the properties of the flame retardant compound.
- a substrate with a hydrophilic surface property is advantageously combined with a flame-retardant compound with a hydrophilic character and vice versa for compounds with a hydrophobic character.
- the solid substrate particle can advantageously comprise elements, radicals which promote the adsorption of the flame retardant compound on the surface of said particle.
- Such a dispersion can be obtained by mixing particles already having such size characteristics in the polymeric material or more advantageously by using granules or agglomerates of substrates formed by the agglomeration of particles or aggregates of which at least 80% by number have a diameter or size less than 1 ⁇ m.
- These granules or agglomerates after addition to the polymeric material and under the action of the shearing forces applied to achieve the dispersion, disintegrate into aggregates or elementary particles, thus making it possible to obtain a very good dispersion of the flame retardant in the polymer or polymeric material.
- the preferred substrates are those whose granules have a total pore volume at least equal to 0.5 ml / g, preferably at least equal to 2ml / g. this pore volume is measured by the mercury porosimetry method with a MICROMERITICS Autopore III 9420 porosimeter, according to the following procedure:
- the pore diameters or sizes are calculated by the relation of WASHBURN with a teta contact angle equal to 140 ° C and a gamma surface tension equal to 485 Dynes / cm.
- mineral substrates or porous support having a pore volume of at least 0.50 ml / g for pores whose diameter or size is equal to or less than 1 ⁇ m are preferred.
- Silicas having a specific surface area measured according to the CTAB method, greater than 50 m 2 / g are preferred.
- silicas used as solid mineral substrate are described only for information and as preferred embodiments. We can also use other silicas obtained by other processes having properties of porosity and dispersibility suitable for carrying out the invention.
- the flame retardant additive comprises a flame retardant compound adsorbed on the particles of mineral substrate.
- this adsorption is obtained by impregnating the granules or agglomerates.
- This impregnation is carried out by any conventional means and, for example, by mixing the substrate with the flame retardant compound in the liquid state or in the form dispersed or dissolved in a solvent. In the latter case, the solvent will be removed, after impregnation of the substrate, by evaporation.
- Amorphous silica can be silica with low water uptake.
- low water uptake is meant a water uptake of less than 6% and preferably less than 3%.
- They may be precipitated silicas described in patent application FR 01 16881 filed on December 26, 2001 by the company Rhodia, pyrogenic silicas or partially dehydroxylated silicas by calcination or by surface treatment.
- these compounds can be impregnated directly on the substrate such as silica for example, or dissolved in a solvent such as, for example, water, organic solvents such as ketones, alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, for example.
- a solvent such as, for example, water, organic solvents such as ketones, alcohols, ethers, hydrocarbons, halogenated solvents, for example.
- the impregnation is carried out dry, that is to say that the flame retardant compound is gradually added to the solid substrate to allow total impregnation or adsorption.
- the flame retardant compound or the solution of the flame retardant compound has sufficient fluidity.
- this impregnation or adsorption can be carried out at temperatures higher than ambient temperature, and lying in a range between 20 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably less than 100 ° C.
- the porous support or solid substrate can also be dried before impregnation either by drying or by calcination to remove the water present. This makes it possible to adapt the hydrophilic or hydrophobic character of the surface of the porous support as a function of the flame-retardant agentu product to be impregnated.
- Drying can be carried out by any conventional technique known to those skilled in the art.
- the impregnation can be done in a single step or in several successive steps.
- the mineral oxide can also be preheated in the same temperature range to facilitate impregnation.
- a concentrated liquid flame retardant is used.
- the mineral oxide is then impregnated with the solution obtained. In this case, it is possible to remove the solvent from the impregnated mineral oxide by drying.
- the impregnation can be done in a single step or in several successive impregnation steps.
- thermoplastic polymers including thermoplastic elastomers
- the flame-retardant composition of the invention is added to thermoplastic polymers (including thermoplastic elastomers), it is incorporated by mixing, preferably in a single-screw or twin screw extruder.
- the mixture is extruded in the form of articles such as profiles or more advantageously in the form of rods which will be cut into granules.
- the granules are used in the processes for producing articles as a raw material and will be melted to supply the flame retardant composition in the forming processes such as injection molding, extrusion, blow molding or similar processes.
- the total amount of flame-retardant composition according to the invention used varies between 1 to 50% relative to the total weight of the mixture obtained.
- the total amount of flame retardant composition is between 10 to 40% relative to the total weight of the mixture obtained. Even more preferably the total amount of flame retardant composition is between 15 to 30% relative to the total weight of the mixture obtained.
- the mineral oxide impregnated with liquid flame retardant When the mineral oxide impregnated with liquid flame retardant is incorporated into thermosetting polymers, the mineral oxide impregnated with liquid flame retardant and the other additives are incorporated into one of the monomers or oligomers before the polymerization or crosslinking reaction .
- the amounts of mineral oxide impregnated with liquid flame retardant used are in the same proportions as those described for thermoplastic polymers.
- the high porosity silica used is a silica called TIXOSIL 38A from the company RHODIA having a total pore volume of 4.2 ml / g and a useful volume of 2.2 ml / g.
- the amount of concentrated ANTIBLAZE used for the impregnation corresponds to the maximum amount that it is possible to impregnate on the silica, that is to say the volume for which the saturation of the silica is obtained.
- Impregnation is done dry.
- the ANTIBLAZE 1045 is added beforehand heated to 80 ° C in order to make it more fluid with a burette in doses of 25 ml drop by drop.
- the final product is therefore composed of 71.6% by weight of ANTIBLAZE 1045 and 28.4% of silica.
- Diameter (D50) of the particle size distribution is 250 ⁇ m.
- D50 in the field of powder particle size is the diameter or size of particles for which 50% by weight of the particles have a smaller diameter and 50% by weight have a larger diameter.
- the phosphorus content of this powder is 15%.
- the high porosity silica used is a silica called TIXOSIL 38X from the company RHODIA having a total pore volume of 3.6 ml / g and a useful pore volume of 2.0 ml / g. It is a Silica called Microperle which has an excellent flowability and which does not dust.
- silica 3.5 kg are weighed and introduced into a 20 liter LODIGE double jacket mixer.
- the silica is heated to 95 ° C (set temperature of the thermostatic bath equal to 135 ° C).
- the ANTIBLAZE 1045 was previously placed in an oven at 80 ° C overnight. It is then pumped into a jacketed jacketing thermostatically controlled at 99 ° C and introduced into the LODIGE without spraying (introduction rates: 45 min at 4.1 l / h and 1 H30 min at 1.9 l / h).
- the coulter speed in the log is 70 rpm.
- the total amount of ANTIBLAZE 1045 introduced into the silica is 6.696 kg (i.e.
- the final product is then sieved through a 1.25 mm sieve.
- the final product is therefore composed of 65.6% by weight of ANTIBLAZE 1045 and 34.4% of silica.
- the high porosity silica used is a silica called TIXOSIL 38A from the company RHODIA having a pore volume of 4.2 ml / g and a useful pore volume of 2.2 ml / g.
- the amount of concentrated FYROLFLEX BDP used for the impregnation corresponds to the maximum amount that it is possible to impregnate on the silica, ie the volume for which the saturation of the silica is obtained. Impregnation is done dry. FYROLFLEX BDP is added at room temperature with a burette in 25 ml doses dropwise. Weigh 25 grams of silica. The maximum volume reached impregnated is 50m! of FYROLFLEX RDP, i.e. 65 g.
- the final product is therefore composed of 72.2% by weight of FYROLFLEX BDP and 27.8% of silica.
- the phosphorus content of this powder is 7.6%.
- the high porosity silica used is a silica called TIXOSIL 38X from the company RHODIA having a total pore volume of 3.6 ml / g and a useful pore volume of 2.0 ml / g. It is a Silica called Microperle which has an excellent flowability and which does not dust.
- silica 3.5 kg are weighed and introduced into a 20 liter LODIGE double jacket mixer. The silica is heated to 95 ° C (set temperature of the thermostatic bath equal to 135 ° C).
- the ANTIBLAZE CU was previously placed in an oven at 80 ° C overnight. It is then pumped into a jacketed jacketed thermostatically controlled at 99 ° C and introduced into the l sansdige without spraying (introduction rates: 45 min at 4.1 l / h and 1 H 30 min at 1.9 l / h). The coulter speed in the log is 70 rpm.
- the total amount of ANTIBLAZE CU introduced into the silica is 6.696 kg (i.e.
- the final product is then sieved through a 1.25 mm sieve.
- the final product is therefore composed of 65.6% by weight of ANTIBLAZE CU and 34.4% of silica.
- the flame retardants obtained in Example 1 and in Example 2 are incorporated into a polymer matrix of polyamide 6 and polyamide 66 in a molten medium using a single or twin screw extruder.
- the mixture is generally extruded in the form of rods which are cut to obtain granules.
- These granules are used as a raw material for feeding the methods of manufacturing fireproof molded articles by injection, molding, extrusion blow molding or by any other method of shaping articles.
- the properties of these compositions are measured from test pieces obtained by injection of a polyamide composition additivated with the powder of Example 2 according to the procedure described below:
- a polyamide 6 composition comprising 20% glass fibers is extruded in a LEISTRITZ twin-screw extruder with a flow rate of between 6 and 7 kg / hour, by imposing a temperature profile of 250 ° C. on average, and a pressure in the area of degassing of approximately 400 mbar. The material pressure measured at the die is close to 8 bar.
- the product obtained at the end of the preparation described in Example 2 is added using a gravimetric powder metering device at a determined flow rate so as to obtain a rate of product in the polymer of 20% by weight per compared to the final composition.
- the rods obtained are cut into granules.
- the good flowability of the powder makes it possible to use standard dosing systems without any difficulty and especially without dusting. -Preparation of test pieces
- test specimens are obtained by injection under standard conditions, of the granules obtained above, on a 85 ton Billon press, with a cycle time of 40 seconds, a mold temperature of 80 ° C. and a temperature profile imposed on the 250 ° C sheath.
- a polyamide 66 composition comprising 20% glass fibers is extruded in a LEISTRITZ twin screw extruder with a flow rate of between 6 and 7 kg / hour, by imposing a temperature profile in the screw of 280 ° C. on average , and a pressure in the degassing zone of approximately 400 mbar. The material pressure measured at the die is close to 8 bar.
- the product of Example 2 is added in a first test and in a second test the product of Example 4, using a gravimetric powder metering device at a determined flow rate so as to obtain a product content in the polymer by 20% by mass relative to the final composition.
- the good flowability of the powder means that standard dosing systems can be used without any difficulty and above all without dusting.
- the rod obtained is cut into granules in the usual way.
- a polyamide 66 composition comprising 20% glass fibers is extruded in a LEISTRITZ twin screw extruder with a flow rate of between 6 and 7 kg / hour, by imposing a temperature profile in the screw of 280 ° C. on average , and a pressure in the degassing zone of approximately 400 mbar. The material pressure measured at the die is close to 8 bar.
- the product of Example 3 is added using a gravimetric powder metering device at a determined flow rate so as to obtain a product content in the polymer of 20% by mass relative to the final composition.
- the good flowability of the powder means that standard dosing systems can be used without any difficulty and above all without dusting.
- the rod obtained is cut into granules in the usual way.
- the fire behavior of the samples obtained above is determined according to the UL-94 test published by the “Underwriters Laboratories” described in standard ISO 1210: 1992 (F). This test is carried out with specimens of thickness 1.6 and 0.8 mm.
- test specimens obtained above are collated in Table I below.
- test specimens are conditioned by keeping for 48 hours at 23 ° C in an atmosphere with a relative humidity of 50%.
- Example 2 shows that the product obtained at the end of the preparation described in Example 2 gives the polyamide satisfactory flame retardant properties.
- a V0 classification is indeed obtained for a thickness of 1.6 mm for polyamide 66, and flame retardant performance significantly improved for polyamide 6 if it is compared to the same polyamide 6 tested without this additive.
- the flame retardant compositions with the powder of Example 3 could not be tested because it was impossible to produce correct test pieces.
- the polypropylene alone is kneaded for 3 minutes at 200 rpm at 155 ° C.
- the polypropylene alone is kneaded for 3 minutes at 200 rpm at 155 ° C. 20% by weight of the powder corresponding to Example 1 relative to the total weight of the mixture is then introduced into the mixer and the mixing is continued for 3 minutes.
- Pentaerythritol and Melamine in addition to the product corresponding to Example 1 in Polypropylene (Formula 1) gives a classification which remains correct (V2 against NC for Polypropylene alone) but at a higher total additive rate.
- Example 1 There is therefore an interest in the product corresponding to Example 1 as a flame retardant which significantly improves the fire retardancy performance of Polypropylene.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0209886 | 2002-08-02 | ||
| FR0209886A FR2843122B1 (fr) | 2002-08-02 | 2002-08-02 | Nouvel agent ignifugeant a base d'un ignifugeant liquide impregne sur un oxyde mineral de grande porosite, son procede de preparation et son utilisation. |
| FR0307813 | 2003-06-27 | ||
| FR0307813A FR2843121B3 (fr) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-06-27 | Agent ignifugeant, procede de preparation et l'utilisation de cet agent |
| PCT/FR2003/002444 WO2004015016A2 (fr) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-01 | Composition ignifugeante, procede de preparation et utilisation de cette composition |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1525269A2 true EP1525269A2 (fr) | 2005-04-27 |
Family
ID=30445210
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03758193A Withdrawn EP1525269A2 (fr) | 2002-08-02 | 2003-08-01 | Composition ignifugeante, procede de preparation et utilisation de cette composition |
Country Status (11)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7416780B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP1525269A2 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP4210259B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR100642963B1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1320067C (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU2003274211A1 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR0313365A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2493622C (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2843121B3 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2292376C2 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2004015016A2 (fr) |
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| US7767736B2 (en) * | 2005-12-05 | 2010-08-03 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Flame retardant polymer composition |
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| US20080111114A1 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2008-05-15 | Gilbert Alan M | Flame-retardant materials and systems |
| US9017584B2 (en) * | 2006-10-30 | 2015-04-28 | Alan M. Gilbert | Flame-retardant materials and systems |
| US9719019B1 (en) | 2006-10-30 | 2017-08-01 | Alan M. Gilbert | Flame-retardant materials and systems |
| EP1923423B1 (fr) * | 2006-11-14 | 2013-07-03 | Sociedad Anónima Minera Catalano-Aragonesa | Procédé d'additivation des fibres synthétiques |
| MX2009005975A (es) | 2006-12-06 | 2009-06-16 | Saint Gobain Ceramics | Material de hidrato de alumina tratado, y usos del mismo. |
| US7923111B2 (en) * | 2006-12-06 | 2011-04-12 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Treated alumina hydrate material and uses thereof |
| EP1944351A1 (fr) * | 2007-01-12 | 2008-07-16 | Nederlandse Organisatie voor Toegepast-Natuuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek TNO | Compositions utiles en tant que produit ignifuge |
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| WO2010075087A1 (fr) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Albemarle Corporation | Compositions ignifugeantes sous forme de poudres fluentes, leur préparation et leurs utilisations |
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| CN106062136A (zh) * | 2013-10-17 | 2016-10-26 | Ab午夜控股公司 | 耐火材料和用于获得耐火材料的方法 |
| CN103865260B (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-06-01 | 广州琪原新材料有限公司 | 提高塑料灼热丝引燃温度的组合物及其制备方法与应用 |
| JP6613299B2 (ja) | 2015-03-30 | 2019-11-27 | 株式会社Adeka | 光安定剤マスターバッチおよびその製造方法 |
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| CN113619103A (zh) * | 2020-05-08 | 2021-11-09 | 东友科技股份有限公司 | 具有阻燃性的三维成型物件及其制造方法 |
| KR102777006B1 (ko) * | 2023-01-03 | 2025-03-10 | (주)건양 | 인이 충진된 다공성 무기실리카를 활용한 난연 조성물 제조방법 |
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-
2003
- 2003-06-27 FR FR0307813A patent/FR2843121B3/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-08-01 EP EP03758193A patent/EP1525269A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-08-01 KR KR1020057001955A patent/KR100642963B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-01 RU RU2005105694A patent/RU2292376C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-08-01 BR BR0313365-6A patent/BR0313365A/pt active Search and Examination
- 2003-08-01 WO PCT/FR2003/002444 patent/WO2004015016A2/fr not_active Ceased
- 2003-08-01 CA CA2493622A patent/CA2493622C/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-01 CN CNB038214466A patent/CN1320067C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-01 AU AU2003274211A patent/AU2003274211A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-08-01 JP JP2004526965A patent/JP4210259B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-08-01 US US10/523,420 patent/US7416780B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004015016A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2004015016A2 (fr) | 2004-02-19 |
| CN1320067C (zh) | 2007-06-06 |
| AU2003274211A8 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
| WO2004015016A3 (fr) | 2004-04-22 |
| CA2493622C (fr) | 2010-04-13 |
| RU2292376C2 (ru) | 2007-01-27 |
| CA2493622A1 (fr) | 2004-02-19 |
| KR100642963B1 (ko) | 2006-11-10 |
| FR2843121A1 (fr) | 2004-02-06 |
| JP2005534786A (ja) | 2005-11-17 |
| RU2005105694A (ru) | 2006-01-20 |
| CN1681896A (zh) | 2005-10-12 |
| US7416780B2 (en) | 2008-08-26 |
| JP4210259B2 (ja) | 2009-01-14 |
| KR20050027140A (ko) | 2005-03-17 |
| AU2003274211A1 (en) | 2004-02-25 |
| BR0313365A (pt) | 2005-06-07 |
| FR2843121B3 (fr) | 2004-09-10 |
| US20060100325A1 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
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