EP1527743A2 - Dispositif médical pour électrotomie - Google Patents

Dispositif médical pour électrotomie Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1527743A2
EP1527743A2 EP04090402A EP04090402A EP1527743A2 EP 1527743 A2 EP1527743 A2 EP 1527743A2 EP 04090402 A EP04090402 A EP 04090402A EP 04090402 A EP04090402 A EP 04090402A EP 1527743 A2 EP1527743 A2 EP 1527743A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
gripping
instrument
cutting
generator
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04090402A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1527743B1 (fr
EP1527743A3 (fr
Inventor
Kai Desinger
Thomas Stein
André ROGGAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Celon AG Medical Instruments
Original Assignee
Celon AG Medical Instruments
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE2003151818 external-priority patent/DE10351818A1/de
Application filed by Celon AG Medical Instruments filed Critical Celon AG Medical Instruments
Publication of EP1527743A2 publication Critical patent/EP1527743A2/fr
Publication of EP1527743A3 publication Critical patent/EP1527743A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1527743B1 publication Critical patent/EP1527743B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1402—Probes for open surgery
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/08—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by means of electrically-heated probes
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods
    • A61B17/30—Surgical pincettes, i.e. surgical tweezers without pivotal connections
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442—Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
    • A61B2018/00601—Cutting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14—Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B2018/1405—Electrodes having a specific shape
    • A61B2018/1407—Loop

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a medical device arrangement for the separation or removal of body tissue by means of electrotomy.
  • the medical device arrangement comprises a generator for a high-frequency alternating current and a cutting instrument.
  • the invention also relates to a gripping instrument for use with the medical device assembly, a cutting instrument for the medical device assembly and a corresponding converter unit.
  • the electrosurgical Application technology is according to the prior art in the so-called monopolar application technology used, that is, it is in addition to the as Active electrode formed cutting electrode a large return electrode (also called neutral electrode) on the extremities of the treating Patients attached to ensure a high-frequency current flow.
  • This monopolar application technique has the disadvantage that the current over the entire patient drains off.
  • the disadvantage results on the one hand from the fact that the monopolar application technology an inherent danger potential for the Patient and the user represents, as the current through the entire patient flows and burns due to stray leakage currents and a neutral electrode can not be excluded.
  • the disadvantage still results from that part of the electrotomy, especially the spark discharge required energy converted into heat on its way to the neutral electrode is, so that the efficiency of a corresponding arrangement bad is.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object, a medical device arrangement and to provide components for cutting body tissue which the avoids the aforementioned disadvantages as far as possible. Likewise components for Such an arrangement can be specified.
  • the per se bipolar gripping instrument for example in the form of tweezers, provides According to the invention with its corresponding gripping surfaces a neutral electrode while the cutting instrument itself has a cutting electrode, which forms in this configuration as an active electrode. Because at the same time regularly, for example, in the case of shortening an uvula, the severed Tissue must be gripped anyway satisfies the gripping instrument in the inventive Arrangement elegantly a double function.
  • Converter unit provided between the generator and gripping instrument or is connected between generator and cutting instrument and the generator side with Pole and opposite pole of the generator and the output side with the gripping instrument on the one hand and the cutting instrument on the other hand connected such that to at a given time both gripping surfaces of the gripping instrument a common first potential and the cutting electrode a second potential having.
  • Such a converter unit allows already existing on the market generators to use for the presented here Elektrotomiean extract in which through the converter unit output and input impedances of the generator On the one hand and the rest of the arrangement on the other hand be adapted to each other can.
  • a gripping instrument for a medical device assembly realized the aforementioned type, which two gripping arms each having at least one gripping surface and so with each other are connected, that the gripping surfaces are movable towards each other and the gripping instrument optionally an open or a closed Can assume state.
  • Each gripping surface is at least electrical conductive and electrically opposite the other gripping surface isolated.
  • Both gripping surfaces are in a first variant of the gripping instrument each individually with a connection for one electrical supply line electrically connected, so that the gripping instrument in the first embodiment is to operate as a bipolar instrument when on the two gripping surfaces different potentials are created.
  • An important feature of the gripping instrument is that its electrical supply via a branching on the one hand with an electrical supply line for a cutting instrument and on the other hand with a common electric Supply line for gripping and cutting instrument is connected, leading to a generator or a converter unit.
  • the electrical supply thus branches starting from the generator on the one hand to gripping instrument and on the other to the cutting instrument.
  • both gripping surfaces of the gripping instrument with a common connection for an electrical supply line, so that From the outset, it is ensured that the bipolar gripping instrument, which is in itself
  • This second embodiment is only uni- or monopolar to operate.
  • Preferred embodiments of the two aforementioned variants of the gripping instrument have gripping surfaces with a surface structure, such Surveys has that a secure gripping of body parts is possible.
  • the surveys have, for example, the shape of drum teeth, so one sharpened shape that penetrates the body tissue similar to a crampon can. This is particularly advantageous because body tissue to be removed Often both moist and soft, making it fundamentally difficult to grip is.
  • gripping surfaces are preferably part of each interchangeable on the gripping instrument to be attached gripping lug, preferably is alsklemmen to a respective distal end of a gripping arm.
  • Suitable and preferred embodiments of the gripping instrument include the Design of the gripping instrument in the manner of tweezers or in the manner of a Forceps.
  • the gripping instrument without external force independently assumes the open state, as one would from tweezers knows.
  • the gripping instrument is then, for example against a spring force shut down.
  • the gripping instrument is designed in such a way that that it is closed after setting the closed state Condition is maintained or locked in the closed state. This makes possible it to attach the gripping instrument to a body part without it permanently to hold on.
  • the latter can also be achieved by contrasting the gripping instrument to known tweezers assumes on its own the closed state and for attaching the gripping instrument to a body part to open is.
  • the gripper instrument independently exerts a clamping force the body tissue.
  • Another independent aspect of the invention relates to a cutting instrument for a medical device arrangement of the type mentioned, in which the cutting electrode arranged on a distal end of an electrode shaft and over the electrode shaft is connected to the handle.
  • the cutting electrode is preferably sharpened thereby.
  • Such a cutting instrument allowed by the spark discharge emanating from the cutting electrode produces clean tissue sections.
  • a special feature of the cutting instrument is that its electrical Supply line via a branch on the one hand with the electrical supply line to the gripping instrument and on the other hand with a common electrical Supply line for gripping and cutting instrument is connected, for example a generator or a converter unit leads.
  • the handle of the cutting instrument preferably has a gripping surface on, which is isolated from the cutting electrode.
  • the handle points a connection for an electrical supply line, with the cutting electrode electrically with a leading to the generator or the converter unit to connect electrical line.
  • the cutting electrode or the cutting electrode including electrode shaft preferably interchangeable with the rest Cutting instrument, in particular connected to the handle. In this way After an operation, only the cutting electrode or the electrode shaft must be used be replaced with cutting electrode while the rest of the cutting instrument can be used again.
  • a finger Pressure switch can be provided, which is arranged and formed on the handle is to selectively establish an electrical connection to the cutting electrode or to interrupt.
  • a footswitch be provided with a corresponding generator or control unit is connected so that by means of the foot switch of the high-frequency Turning on and off power.
  • the footswitch is preferably designed so that when you press the footswitch a potential Cutting instrument and gripping instrument is applied and when you release the footswitch this current the corresponding current is interrupted.
  • Such generators are preferred which have a protective device which to undershoot or exceed a critical impedance limit between Address the pole and the opposite pole. In this way, an automatic Shutdown of the generator in the event of a short circuit (undershoot a critical impedance value) or after the end of the cutting process (exceeded a critical impedance value).
  • the aforementioned converter unit preferably has a transformer, the input side is to be connected to two poles of the generator and a having corresponding primary winding and the output side, a secondary winding on the one hand with a first connection for the cutting instrument and on the other hand with at least one second connection for the gripping instrument.
  • Two connections for the gripping instrument on the corresponding side of the secondary winding allow, also the previously described, bipolar first variant of the gripping instrument monopolar to operate.
  • the medical device arrangement of Figure 1 shows a control unit 1 with integrated Generator.
  • the control unit has a control terminal 3, with which a foot switch 4 is connected.
  • the control unit 1 has a bipolar connection 2, to the electrical supply lines 16 and a line branch 7 on the one hand a cutting instrument 10 and on the other hand a gripping instrument 12 connected are such that a high frequency alternating current bipolar between a cutting electrode 23 of the cutting instrument 10 on the one hand and Gripping surfaces 32 of the gripping instrument 12 as a counter electrode on the other is applied as soon as the foot switch 4 is actuated.
  • the control unit 1 comprises a generator and pressure switches 5 and 6, which cause that depending on which of the two switches is actuated, bipolar Exit 2 either one needed for interstitial thermotherapy (RFITT) Alternating current is applied with a peak peak amplitude of 80 V or a for cutting suitable alternating current with a peak peak amplitude of 200 V.
  • RFITT interstitial thermotherapy
  • FIG. 2 shows those components of a medical device arrangement which are connected to a Generator for a high-frequency alternating current are to be connected.
  • the generator itself is not pictured.
  • FIG. 2 Illustrated in FIG. 2 are, on the one hand, a cutting instrument 10 'and one as tweezers trained gripping instrument 12.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a converter unit 14, to which on the one hand the cutting instrument 10 'and on the other hand, the gripping instrument 12 via corresponding electrical leads 16 is connected.
  • the converter unit 14 has a cable 18 on the input side with connecting plug 20 connected thereto for connecting the converter unit 14 to a generator.
  • the cutting instrument 10 has a cutting electrode 22, the distal to a Electrode shaft 24 is disposed and over the electrode shaft 24 with a handle 26 of the cutting instrument is connected.
  • Cutting electrode 22 together with the electrode shaft 24 are detachably connected to the handle 26, so that to replace the cutting electrode 22 together with the electrode shaft 24 after an operation is while the handle 26 is to be used again.
  • On the handle 26 there is a connection for that electrical supply line 16, with the Cutting instrument 10 is connected to the converter unit 14. This electrical Connection is solvable.
  • a Arranged pressure switch which is to operate with a finger and an electric Interrupt or restore connection to the cutting electrode 22 can.
  • sharpened cutting electrode 22 can also a cutting electrode in the form of a wire loop 23 may be provided, as they are is shown in Figure 1.
  • FIG 7 shows an alternative cutting instrument in the form of a coagulating Scissors 10 ".
  • This scissors 10 is equipped with an electrical supply 16 to connect to the control unit 1 with the result that the cutting of the Scissors to create an electrical potential.
  • This allows, with the scissors, as known from usual scissors, to cut while being grounded the applied potential in the region of the cut enters a tissue obliteration (Coagulation), which closes any cut blood vessels immediately.
  • the gripping instrument 12 ' is corresponding to the first described above Variant designed as bipolar forceps and therefore via two electrical leads 16 with a pole of the converter unit 14 and the converter unit 14 connected to one pole of the generator.
  • the gripping instrument 12 ' has two Gripping arms 30, which at the distal end facing gripping surfaces 32 have.
  • Each of the two gripping surfaces 32 is connected to one of the electrical Supply lines 16 electrically connected and electrically at least in some areas conductive trained.
  • the gripping surfaces 32 are not recognizable in FIG Elevations in the form of drum teeth 34, as shown in FIG 5 to are removed.
  • FIG. 5 also shows that a respective gripping surface 32 together with the drum teeth 34 are part of a gripping projection 36, made of stainless steel and on the distal end of each gripper arm 32 of the gripping instrument 12 is postponed. This way you can after one operation, the corresponding gripping approaches replaced and the rest Gripping instrument 12 can be used again.
  • FIG. 6 shows an alternative design of the distal end of the gripping arms 30 '. a gripping instrument 12 or 12 ', as shown in Figures 1 or 2.
  • FIG. 6a shows the gripping arms 30 'in a side view. In FIGS. 6b and c, this is distal end of the gripping arms 30 'in perspective once in the closed and once shown in the open state.
  • the gripping instrument is not conventional Tweezers designed as self-closing tweezers, as in Figure 1 is shown schematically in the form of gripping instrument 12.
  • a compression spring 8 causes the gripping instrument 12 closes automatically and open by pressing the gripping surfaces 9 against the spring force of the compression spring 8 leaves.
  • Such gripping instrument 12 has the advantage that the treating Doctor with the gripping instrument 12 leading hand not at the same time constantly required holding power must exercise.
  • FIG 3 shows a circuit diagram of the converter unit 14, which shows that the converter unit 14 comprises a transformer 40 having a primary winding 42, which is intended for connection to the generator and a secondary winding 44, on the one hand with a connection 46 for the cutting instrument and on the other hand with two parallel connections 48 for the Gripping instrument is connected.
  • a first capacitor 50 is arranged between the secondary winding 44 and the Cutting electrode 46.
  • a second capacitor 52 is arranged on the other Side of the secondary winding is between the secondary winding 44 and the terminals 48.
  • First and second capacitor 50 and 52 can be exchanged for impedance matching.
  • the Capacitors continue to have the effect, DC components and thus Faradaysche Suppress effects.
  • the transformer 40 is otherwise a high-frequency transformer in which the ratio of the number of turns n 2 of the secondary winding 44 to the number of turns n 1 of the primary winding 42 n 2 > n 1 .
  • Such a high-frequency transformer transforms a low, for the purpose of tissue coagulation output voltage of a conventional generator (in some 80 V) high voltage values that allow the ignition of a spark of a cutting electrode and thus the cutting of biological tissue.
  • the output voltage at the converter unit 14 is for example about 200 V.
  • FIG. 4 shows a medical device arrangement similar to FIG. 1, in which a converter unit 14, as shown in Figures 2 and 3, between the control unit 1 'on the one hand and grasping and cutting instrument 12 or 10' on the other hand, is switched.
  • the converter unit 14 takes over in this arrangement Function of the line branch (7) of Figure 1.
  • the gripping instrument 12 as tweezers with drum teeth (see also FIG. 5) and is the cutting instrument 10 'with sharpened cutting electrode shown.
  • any of Cutting and gripping instruments shown herein are used.
  • FIG. 8 shows an application for the previously described medical device arrangement illustrated, specifically by the example of shortening a Uvula.
  • gripping surfaces 32 gripping instrument 12 engages the uvula.
  • the Gripping instrument 12 is, as shown in Figure 2, almost monopolar to the converter unit 14 connected and forms with its gripping surfaces 32 a neutral electrode.
  • the cutting instrument 10 is connected, so that upon actuation of the corresponding pressure switch an electrical Connection between the corresponding pole of the converter unit 14 and the cutting electrode 22 of the cutting instrument 10 is given. It then comes to the current shown schematically by arrows 60 of the cutting electrode 22 to the gripping surfaces 32, wherein due to the Field strength concentration forms the cutting electrode 22 as an active electrode and spark discharge between the tip of the cutting electrode 22 and the body tissue to be separated.
  • the converter unit 14 is the symbolically represented all the time Generator 1 'connected, which has a control unit, which is a shutdown of the current in the event of a short circuit or exceeding a maximum Impedanzgrenzivess causes.
  • the gripping instrument used also according to the second embodiment described above be designed as a unipolar gripping instrument, in which both gripping surfaces 32 are connected to a common electrical connection.
  • a method of using the described medical device assembly exists in that first the arrangement, as shown by way of example in FIG. 8, is compiled. The doctor then takes the next to be removed Tissue part with the gripping instrument 12. Since the gripping instrument 12 as a counter electrode attaches to the tissue part to be removed, it comes to a Current flow substantially only in the tissue part to be removed, so that potential burns due to poor electrical contact, for example between the gripping instrument 12 and the tissue part to be removed unproblematic are.
  • the doctor leads the cutting instrument 10 and more precisely the Cutting electrode 22 in the region of the intended tissue section. He can by pressing the appropriate pressure switch the electrical connection between cutting electrode 22 and the corresponding pole of the converter unit 14 so that it is with sufficient approach of the cutting electrode 22 to the body tissue to a spark gap between the cutting electrode 22 and body tissue comes through which the body tissue is separated. Of the corresponding current flows between the cutting electrode through the separated Body tissue part to the because of their larger surface area as a neutral electrode acting gripping surfaces 32 of the gripping instrument. During this Operation, the doctor holds the body tissue part to be removed with the gripping instrument 12 firm to him after complete separation from the remaining body tissue to remove with the help of the gripping instrument 12. This is the electrotomy completed.
  • FIG. 9 shows how the previously described medical device arrangement, For example, for incisions in a soft palate, can be used.
  • To the uvula is pulled in one direction with the gripping instrument 12 '(in FIG 9 to the left) and simultaneously with the cutting instrument 10 ', an incision is made. Due to the pull with the gripping instrument 12 ', the incision opens, as shown in Figure 9.
  • uvulapalatopharyngoplasty As an alternative to the shortening of an uvula exemplified in FIG. 8 (uvulapalatopharyngoplasty; UPPP) is, for example, the reduction of a soft palate also possible for the treatment of Rhonchopathie. Further application fields are also possible. For such further fields of application include the removal or reduction of tonsils.
  • the Medical device assembly can also be used in dermatology, for example for wart treatment.
  • a wart can, for example, with a gripping instrument be gripped and then with a cutting instrument, for example equipped with a wire loop as shown in Figure 1, equipped, from the rest Peel off tissue.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging Apparatus (AREA)
EP04090402A 2003-10-29 2004-10-21 Dispositif médical pour électrotomie Expired - Lifetime EP1527743B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2003151818 DE10351818A1 (de) 2003-10-29 2003-10-29 Medizingerät für die Elektrotomie
DE10351818 2003-10-29
DE10361142 2003-12-16
DE10361142 2003-12-16

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1527743A2 true EP1527743A2 (fr) 2005-05-04
EP1527743A3 EP1527743A3 (fr) 2005-07-20
EP1527743B1 EP1527743B1 (fr) 2009-07-29

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04090402A Expired - Lifetime EP1527743B1 (fr) 2003-10-29 2004-10-21 Dispositif médical pour électrotomie

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20050096681A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1527743B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4603854B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20050040761A (fr)
CN (1) CN100455273C (fr)
AT (1) ATE437611T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502004009815D1 (fr)

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EP2243437A1 (fr) 2009-04-24 2010-10-27 Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh Appareil d'hystérectomie doté d'un manipulateur d'utérus
DE102009040899A1 (de) 2009-09-11 2011-03-17 Celon Ag Medical Instruments Elektrochirurgisches Greifinstrument
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DE102012203943A1 (de) 2012-03-14 2013-09-19 Olympus Winter & Ibe Gmbh HF Pinzette mit aktivierbaren Zähnen
US8622907B2 (en) 2006-06-05 2014-01-07 Senorx, Inc. Biopsy system with integrated imaging
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US20050096681A1 (en) 2005-05-05
KR20050040761A (ko) 2005-05-03
CN100455273C (zh) 2009-01-28
EP1527743B1 (fr) 2009-07-29
EP1527743A3 (fr) 2005-07-20
DE502004009815D1 (de) 2009-09-10
ATE437611T1 (de) 2009-08-15
JP2005131403A (ja) 2005-05-26
JP4603854B2 (ja) 2010-12-22
CN1611192A (zh) 2005-05-04

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