EP1536732B1 - Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies - Google Patents

Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies Download PDF

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EP1536732B1
EP1536732B1 EP04764812A EP04764812A EP1536732B1 EP 1536732 B1 EP1536732 B1 EP 1536732B1 EP 04764812 A EP04764812 A EP 04764812A EP 04764812 A EP04764812 A EP 04764812A EP 1536732 B1 EP1536732 B1 EP 1536732B1
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Prior art keywords
compounds
substitute material
lead
lead substitute
material according
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EP1536732A1 (fr
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Heinrich Eder
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Mavig GmbH
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Mavig GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G21F3/02—Clothing
    • G21F3/03—Aprons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lead replacement material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-140 kV.
  • Conventional radiation protection clothing for use in X-ray diagnostics usually contains lead or lead oxide as protective material.
  • the DE 199 55 192 A1 describes a method for producing a radiation protection material from a polymer as matrix material and the powder of a metal of high atomic number.
  • the DE 201 00 267 U1 describes a highly elastic, lightweight, flexible, rubbery radiation protection material wherein additions of chemical elements and their oxides having an atomic number greater than or equal to 50 are added to a specific polymer.
  • the DE 102 34 159.1 describes a lead substitute material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an x-ray tube with a voltage of 60-125 kV.
  • the FR-A-2741472 describes metal alloys used in the field of radiation protection.
  • the alloys preferably contain lead or, if no lead is included, they do not have tungsten.
  • US-A-5,360,666 materials for protective shields are known for use during radiotherapy.
  • the materials are alloys that consist of two elements, none of which is tungsten.
  • the degree of attenuation or the lead equivalent (International Standard IEC 61331-1, Protective devices against diagnostic medical radiation x-radiation) of the respective material shows a partially very pronounced dependence on the beam energy, which is a function of the voltage of the X-ray tube.
  • Lead-free materials have lead behavior that differs greatly from that of lead, depending on the X-ray energy. Therefore, for simulating the absorption behavior of lead while maximizing weight savings, an advantageous combination of different elements is required.
  • the known radiation protective clothing made of lead-free material compared to lead a more or less severe drop in absorption below 70 kV and above 110 kV, especially about 125 kV. That is, to achieve the same shielding effect as with leaded material, a higher basis weight of protective clothing is required for this range of tube tension.
  • Total lead equivalent in a protective-layer-shaped construction of a lead substitute material is understood to be the lead equivalent of the sum of all protective layers.
  • the total nominal equivalent value is understood to mean the lead equivalent value specified by the manufacturer of personal protective equipment according to DIN EN 61331-3.
  • Matrix material is understood as meaning the carrier layer for the protective materials, which may consist of rubber, latex, flexible or solid polymers, for example.
  • X-ray voltages of up to 140 kV occur in certain X-ray applications, such as computed tomography and bone density measurements, as well as in luggage inspection equipment.
  • the object of the present invention is to replace lead as a radiation protection material in terms of its shielding properties over a wide energy range of an X-ray tube, so over a large energy range and at the same time to achieve the largest possible weight reduction. In this case, only environmentally friendly materials should be used compared to lead.
  • the object of the invention is a lead substitute material for radiation protection purposes in the energy sector an X-ray tube with a voltage of 60-140 kV, wherein the lead substitute material 12-22 wt .-% matrix material, 0-75 wt .-% tin or tin compounds, 0-73 wt .-% tungsten or tungsten compounds, 0- 80 wt .-% bismuth or bismuth compounds and wherein at most one of the components is 0 wt .-%, wherein this component is not tungsten or the tungsten compound.
  • the mixture detects nominal total lead values of 0.25-2.0 mm.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized by having 12-22 wt% matrix material, 0-39 wt% Sn or Sn compounds, 0-60 wt% W or W compounds and 0-60% by weight of Bi or Bi compounds, and wherein at most one of the components is 0% by weight, which component is not tungsten or the tungsten compound.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it contains 12-22% by weight of matrix material, 0-39% by weight of Sn or Sn compounds, 16-60% by weight of W or W Compounds and 16-60 wt .-% Bi or Bi compounds.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it comprises 12-22% by weight matrix material, 40-60% by weight Sn or Sn compounds, 7-15% by weight W or W Compounds and 7-15 wt .-% Bi or Bi compounds.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it additionally contains up to 40% by weight of one or more of Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd , Cs, Ba, I and / or their compounds and / or CsI.
  • Table 1 shows the mass attenuation coefficients of lead-free protective substances outside the absorption edges at different photon energies. The advantageous elements to be used for the respective energy are underlined.
  • the lead substitute material additionally comprising one or more elements Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I and / or their compounds and / or CsI is a reached a particularly strong increase in the absorption effect. In this way, the weight of the protective clothing can be significantly reduced.
  • the individual elements can be assembled so that a certain energy range is covered or that the most uniform course of the weakening results over a larger energy range.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it additionally comprises up to 40% by weight of one or more of the following elements Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U and / or their compounds.
  • a fall in the lead equivalent below the nominal lead equivalent or below the lower tolerance limit means that the radiation protection material can not be used at the relevant tube voltages, since the shielding effect is too low.
  • the basis weight of the lead substitute material must be increased to the extent that the permissible tolerances of DIN EN 61331-3 are met.
  • an increase in basis weight is considered disadvantageous.
  • Pb) PbGW increase from 60 to 80 kV based on 0.1 kg / m 2 group 60-90 kV 60-125 kV 100-125 kV 125-150 kV sn 1.64 1.30 0.96 0.80 -0,005 A Bi 1.41 1.27 1.13 1.17 -0,005 A W 0.91 1.07 1.25 1.07 + -0.000 A Gd 1.85 2.05 2.27 1.56 +0.007 B He 1.20 1.45 1.70 1.36 +0.009 B
  • Group A Relatively low efficiency materials with values of N rei ⁇ 1.2 - 1-6 mm PbGW per 0.1 kg / m 2 and a small or negative increase of 60-80 kV. These elements or their compounds include Sn, Bi and W.
  • Group B Relatively high efficiency materials with N rei ⁇ 1.3 mm PbGW per 0.1 kg / m 2 and a high rise of 60-80 kV.
  • the energy range 60-140 kV is divided into several, partly overlapping, regions corresponding to the most common applications of the x-ray radiation:
  • This area of energy includes the most common X-ray examinations and X-ray interventions, such as angiography, computed tomography, cardiac catheter examinations, interventional radiology, thorax hard-beam technique.
  • Lead-free protective clothing that can only be used in a certain energy range must be marked accordingly by the manufacturer.
  • the lead substitute for nominal total lead equivalent of 0.25-0.6 mm is characterized by having 12-22 wt. % Matrix material, 49-65 wt% Sn or Sn compounds, 0-20 wt% W or W compounds, 0-20 wt% Bi or Bi compounds, and 2-35 wt% of one or more of the elements Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I, Pr and / or their compounds and / or CsI, wherein W or the W compound is not O.
  • the energy range is preferably that of an X-ray tube of a dental X-ray machine.
  • the lead substitute material comprises 2-25% by weight of I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr and / or Nd and / or their compounds and / or CsI.
  • elements with low and high rise of the lead equivalent in be advantageously selected in such a way that the curves of the lead equivalent remain as flat as possible over the entire range.
  • a certain elevation at 80 and 100 kV is physically impossible to avoid.
  • one or more elements or their compounds of group A can be optimally combined with one or more elements or their compounds of group B, the choice being made according to the efficiency of the shield, the accessibility of the element or its compound and As constant as possible of the lead equivalent takes place.
  • the proportion of Sn or Bi should exceed 40% by weight to ensure low energy dependence.
  • the lead replacement material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an X-ray tube with a voltage of 100-140 kV is characterized in that the lead replacement material for nominal total lead equivalent values of 0.2 5-0.6 mm 12- 12. 22 wt .-% matrix material, 40-73 wt .-% Bi and / or W or their compounds (where W is always anscherd), and 5-38 wt .-% of one or more of comprises the following elements Gd, Eu, Er, Hf and / or their compounds.
  • High protective effects or low basis weights can be achieved by using the elements or their compounds, which have their highest shielding effect especially in this small energy range.
  • a greater proportion of the elements or their group A compounds should be combined with a smaller proportion of the elements or their group B compounds, in which case a flat energy balance of the lead equivalent will not be so important because of the relatively small energy window is.
  • This area concerns special applications in radiology and nuclear medicine.
  • the weight per unit area of the radiation protection apron is not in the foreground of the optimization in this area since the protective clothing is generally worn here only for a short time or stationary radiation protection screens are used.
  • composition of protective substances for individual energy ranges can be expediently optimized by splitting according to the most frequently occurring X-ray applications.
  • the lead substitute material has a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, wherein at least one layer at least 50% of the Total weight consists of only one element from the group Sn, W and Bi or their compounds.
  • the lead substitute material has a structure of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, wherein at least one layer at least 50% of the total weight only of at least 40 wt .-% Sn or its compounds and at least 10 wt .-% I. , Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr and / or Nd and / or their compounds and / or CsI.
  • a layer comprising 40 to 50 wt .-% Sn and 10 to 20 wt .-% cerium.
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it comprises a construction of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, wherein the protective layer (s) removed from the body predominantly the elements or their compounds with higher X-ray fluorescence yield and the body-near protective layer (s) comprise the elements or their compounds with lower X-ray fluorescence yield.
  • the fluorescence component also referred to as build-up factor
  • the fluorescence component is represented by commercially available lead-free protective materials (material B) in the following Table 3 in comparison with a material constructed in layers according to the principle described here (material A).
  • the build-up factor can reach values up to 1.42. That is, the skin is burdened in this case by the fluorescent component by 42% more.
  • Table 3 kV Material A Material B 80 1.15 1.42 90 1.14 1.35 100 1.14 1.32 110 1.16 1.36
  • the lead substitute material is characterized in that it has a structure of protective layers of different composition.
  • the lead substitute material may comprise a construction of at least two separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, with the body-removed protective layer (s) predominantly comprising the lower atomic number elements or their compounds and the proximal protective layer (s) comprise the elements of higher atomic number or their compounds.
  • the lead substitute material may also have a construction of at least three separate or interconnected protective layers of different composition, the more remote from the body protective layer (s) and the near-main (s) protective layer (s) predominantly the elements of higher atomic numbers or their compounds include and in the middle at least one Protection with predominantly elements of low atomic numbers is arranged.
  • a barrier layer of a material of higher atomic numbers such as bismuth or tungsten.
  • a layer or layers of a material with a lower atomic number In between lies a layer or layers of a material with a lower atomic number. The resulting fluorescence radiation is thus effectively shielded on both sides and can not penetrate to the outside.
  • a layer structure of at least one highly concentric, compacting powder layer of a mixture of the abovementioned protective substances and at least two carrier layers can be provided on both sides of the powder layer.
  • the powder layer contains as little matrix material as possible.
  • the carrier layers may be composed of matrix material. Suitable materials include polymers such as latex or elastomers.
  • the carrier layers increase the mechanical stability, while the concentrated filling improves the radiation-shielding effect.
  • FIG. 4 shows this layer structure with a highly compressed protective material layer 2 as the core and the outer carrier layers 1.
  • the lead substitute material may also be characterized in that a weakly radioactive layer is embedded between two separate or nonradioactive protective layers connected to the radioactive layer.
  • the effect of self-radiation can be mitigated by embedding the radioactive layer between two non-active layers of Bi.
  • the proportion of self-exposure by thorium or uranium should be low in most cases and therefore negligible. There is a trade-off here, which contrasts the benefits of lead elimination and higher protection with low intrinsic exposure.
  • the radiation permeability of the layer consisting of granular substances is higher compared to a film layer with the same mass coverage. This mainly affects the lower energy range of 60-80 kV. At higher energies, the local transmission differences, i. the X-ray contrast, increasingly lower.
  • low weight materials must also have a small grain size, i. be very finely distributed to develop an optimal protective effect.
  • the material of the invention can be used advantageously for example in protective gloves, patient covers, gonadal protection, ovarian protection, dental shields, fixed lower body protection, table tops, stationary or portable radiation protection walls or radiation curtains.
  • FIG. 1 shows the lead replacement material according to the invention with 22% by weight of tin, 27% by weight of tungsten, 4% by weight of erbium and 15% by weight of matrix material.
  • This lead substitute material is designated 2 in FIG. 1. 1. 1 denotes a commercially available material of the composition 65% by weight of antimony, 20% by weight of tungsten and 15% by weight of matrix material.
  • Fig. 1 shows a weight comparison of lead substitutes with a nominal lead equivalent of 0.5 mm.
  • FIG. 2 shows the lead replacement material according to the invention with 20% by weight of tin, 36% by weight of tungsten, 29% by weight of bismuth and 15% by weight of matrix material.
  • This lead substitute material is designated 2 in FIG. 1 denotes a commercially available material of the composition 70% by weight of tin, 10% by weight of barium and 20% by weight of matrix material.
  • Fig. 2 shows a weight comparison of lead substitutes with a nominal lead equivalent of 0.5 mm.
  • a lead-free radiation protection apron was produced from 59% by weight Sn, 24% by weight Gd, 1% by weight W and 16% by weight matrix material.
  • the radiation protection effect corresponded to that of a corresponding lead apron with a reduced basis weight of only 4.4 kg / m 2 by about 35%.
  • Lead-free lightweight radiation protection apron for the application range 60-125 kV.
  • a radiation protection apron was made from 50% by weight Sn, 11% by weight W, 23% by weight Gd and 16% by weight matrix material.
  • a radiation protection apron was produced from 40% by weight of Bi, 10% by weight of W, 34% by weight of Gd and 16% by weight of matrix material.
  • FIG. 3 shows the calculated relative basis weights of the protective clothing according to the invention with nominal lead equivalents of 0.5 mm according to Examples 3, 4 and 5 in comparison with a lead apron with 0.5 mm lead equivalent. From the illustration it can be seen that the protective aprons for dental application, general X-ray and computer tomography (CT) each have the lowest basis weight in the envisaged energy ranges.
  • CT computer tomography
  • the lead equivalent value is approximately 20% higher than the nominal value of 0.5 mm Pb of a corresponding bleaching apron. This means an additional increased radiation protection.
  • Lead-free lightweight apron in the energy range from 60 to 120 kV with two-layer construction.
  • the matrix content is 15% by weight.
  • composition of protective material layers was chosen: layer Element / compound Material weight (kg / m 2 ) Fluorescent layer (outside) sn 1.20 Gd (oxide) 0.72 Cerium (oxide) 0.48 Barrier layer (inside) Bi 1.44 W 0.48 Gd (oxide) 0.48

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Claims (22)

  1. Matériau de substitution au plomb destiné à la protection contre les radiations dans la gamme d'énergie d'un tube à rayons X ayant une tension de 60 - 140 kV, dans lequel le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend, pour des équivalents en plomb totaux nominaux de 0,25 - 2,0 mm,
    12 - 22 % en poids de matériau matrice,
    0 - 75 % en poids de Sn ou de composés de Sn,
    0 - 73 % en poids de W ou de composés de W,
    0 - 80 % en poids de Bi ou de composés de Bi, et
    au maximum un des constituants a une teneur de 0 % en poids, ce constituant n'étant pas le W ou le composé de W.
  2. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend
    12 - 22 % en poids de matériau matrice,
    0- 39 % en poids de Sn ou de composés de Sn,
    0 - 60 % en poids de W ou de composés de W et
    0 - 60 % en poids de Bi ou de composés de Bi, et
    au maximum un des constituants a une teneur de 0 % en poids.
  3. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend
    12 - 22 % en poids de matériau matrice,
    0 - 39 % en poids de Sn ou de composés de Sn,
    16 - 60 % en poids de W ou de composés de W, et
    16 - 60 % en poids de Bi ou de composés de Bi.
  4. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend
    12 - 22 % en poids de matériau matrice,
    40 - 60 % en poids de Sn ou de composés de Sn,
    7 - 15 % en poids de W ou de composés de W, et
    7 - 15 % en poids de Bi ou de composés de Bi.
  5. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend en outre jusqu'à 40 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I, Pr et/ou de leurs composés et/ou de CsI.
  6. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend en outre jusqu'à 20 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I, Pr et/ou de leurs composés et/ou de CsI.
  7. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend en outre jusqu'à 8 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : Er, Ho, Dy, Tb, Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I, Pr et/ou de leurs composés et/ou de CsI.
  8. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend en outre jusqu'à 40 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U et/ou de leurs composés.
  9. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend en outre jusqu'à 20 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U et/ou de leurs composés.
  10. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend en outre jusqu'à 8 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : Ta, Hf, Lu, Yb, Tm, Th, U et/ou de leurs composés.
  11. Matériau de substitution au plomb destiné à la protection contre les radiations dans la gamme d'énergie d'un tube à rayons X ayant une tension de 60 - 90 kV selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend, pour des équivalents en plomb totaux nominaux de 0,25 - 0,6 mm,
    12 - 22 % en poids de matériau matrice,
    49 - 65 % en poids de Sn ou de composés de Sn,
    0 - 20 % en poids de W ou de composés de W,
    0 - 20 % en poids de Bi ou de composés de Bi, et
    2 - 35 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments Gd, Eu, Sm, La, Ce, Nd, Cs, Ba, I, Pr et/ou de leurs composés et/ou de CsI.
  12. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend 2 - 25 % en poids de I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr et/ou Nd et/ou de leurs composés et/ou de CsI.
  13. Matériau de substitution au plomb destiné à la protection contre les radiations dans la gamme d'énergie d'un tube à rayons X ayant une tension de 100 - 140 kV selon l'une des revendications 5 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le matériau de substitution au plomb comprend, pour des équivalents en plomb totaux nominaux de 0,25 - 0,6 mm,
    12 - 22 % en poids de matériau matrice,
    40 - 73 % en poids de Bi et/ou W ou de leurs composés, et
    5 - 38 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs des éléments suivants : Gd, Eu, Er, Hf et/ou de leurs composés.
  14. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une structure de couches de protection ayant des compositions différentes.
  15. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une structure d'au moins deux couches de protection ayant des compositions différentes, séparées ou reliées entre elles, dans laquelle la ou les couches de protection les plus éloignées du corps comprennent majoritairement les éléments de nombres atomiques inférieurs, ou leurs composés, et la ou les couches de protection proches du corps comprennent majoritairement les éléments de nombres atomiques supérieurs, ou leurs composés.
  16. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 14 ou la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une structure d'au moins deux couches de protection ayant des compositions différentes, séparées ou reliées entre elles, dans laquelle, dans au moins une couche, au moins 50 % du poids total consistent en un seul élément du groupe constitué par Sn, W ou Bi ou leurs composés.
  17. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 14 ou la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une structure d'au moins deux couches de protection ayant des compositions différentes, séparées ou reliées entre elles, dans laquelle, dans au moins une couche, au moins 50 % du poids total consistent uniquement en au moins 40 % en poids de Sn ou de ses composés et au moins 10 % en poids de I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr et/ou Nd et/ou de leurs composés et/ou de CsI.
  18. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une structure d'au moins deux couches de protection ayant des compositions différentes, séparées ou reliées entre elles, dans laquelle la ou les couches de protection les plus éloignées du corps comprennent majoritairement les éléments, ou leurs composés, ayant le rendement de fluorescence X le plus élevé et la ou les couches de protection proches du corps comprennent les éléments, ou leurs composés, ayant le rendement de fluorescence X le plus faible.
  19. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon l'une des revendications 14 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une structure d'au moins trois couches de protection ayant des compositions différentes, séparées ou reliées entre elles, dans laquelle la ou les couches de protection les plus éloignées du corps et la ou les couches proches du corps comprennent majoritairement les éléments de nombres atomiques supérieurs, ou leurs composés, et au moins une couche de protection contenant majoritairement des éléments de nombres atomiques inférieurs est disposée au milieu.
  20. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon l'une des revendications 14 à 20, caractérisé en ce qu'une couche faiblement radioactive est intercalée entre deux couches de protection non radioactives séparées ou reliées à la couche radioactive.
  21. Matériau de substitution au plomb selon l'une des revendications 1 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les métaux ou les composés métalliques sont granulés et en ce que leur granulométrie présente un 50ème centile donné par la formule suivante : D 50 = d ⋅ p 10 ⁢ mm
    Figure imgb0005
    où
    D 50 est le 50ème centile de la distribution de granulométrie,
    d est l'épaisseur de couche en mm, et
    p est la teneur en poids de chaque composant du matériau, rapportée au poids total, et le 90ème centile de la distribution de la granulométrie satisfait la relation D 90 ≤ 2 · D 50 .
  22. Tablier de protection contre les radiations, fabriqué à partir du matériau de substitution au plomb selon l'une des revendications 1 à 21.
EP04764812A 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies Expired - Lifetime EP1536732B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10340639 2003-09-03
DE10340639 2003-09-03
DE102004001328 2004-01-08
DE102004001328A DE102004001328A1 (de) 2003-09-03 2004-01-08 Leichtes Strahlenschutzmaterial für einen großen Energieanwendungsbereich
PCT/EP2004/009860 WO2005023116A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies

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EP1536732A1 EP1536732A1 (fr) 2005-06-08
EP1536732B1 true EP1536732B1 (fr) 2007-06-20

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EP04764811A Expired - Lifetime EP1540663B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes

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US (3) US20060049384A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1536732B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007504451A (fr)
DE (1) DE502004004129D1 (fr)
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WO (2) WO2005023116A1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
US20090230334A1 (en) 2009-09-17
ES2286663T3 (es) 2007-12-01
EP1540663B1 (fr) 2008-11-26
EP1536732A1 (fr) 2005-06-08
EP1540663A1 (fr) 2005-06-15
DE502004004129D1 (de) 2007-08-02
WO2005023116A1 (fr) 2005-03-17
US20060049384A1 (en) 2006-03-09
US20060151750A1 (en) 2006-07-13
JP2007504451A (ja) 2007-03-01
WO2005024846A1 (fr) 2005-03-17
US7449705B2 (en) 2008-11-11

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