EP1540663B1 - Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes - Google Patents

Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1540663B1
EP1540663B1 EP04764811A EP04764811A EP1540663B1 EP 1540663 B1 EP1540663 B1 EP 1540663B1 EP 04764811 A EP04764811 A EP 04764811A EP 04764811 A EP04764811 A EP 04764811A EP 1540663 B1 EP1540663 B1 EP 1540663B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
lead
radiation protection
material according
protection material
layer
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP04764811A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1540663A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinrich Eder
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Mavig GmbH
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Mavig GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102004001328A external-priority patent/DE102004001328A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F1/00—Shielding characterised by the composition of the materials
    • G21F1/12—Laminated shielding materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
    • G21F—PROTECTION AGAINST X-RADIATION, GAMMA RADIATION, CORPUSCULAR RADIATION OR PARTICLE BOMBARDMENT; TREATING RADIOACTIVELY CONTAMINATED MATERIAL; DECONTAMINATION ARRANGEMENTS THEREFOR
    • G21F3/00—Shielding characterised by its physical form, e.g. granules, or shape of the material
    • G21F3/02—Clothing
    • G21F3/03—Aprons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a lead-free radiation protection material in the energy range of an x-ray tube with a voltage of 60 to 125 kV.
  • Conventional radiation protection clothing in X-ray diagnostics usually contains lead or lead oxide as protective material.
  • the DE 199 55 192 A1 describes a method for producing a radiation protection material from a polymer as matrix material and the powder of a metal of high atomic number.
  • the DE 201 00 267 U1 describes a highly elastic, lightweight, flexible, rubbery radiation protection material wherein additions of chemical elements and their oxides having an atomic number greater than or equal to 50 are added to a specific polymer.
  • the DE 102 34 159 A1 describes a lead replacement material for radiation protection purposes in the energy range of an x-ray tube with a voltage of 60 to 125 kV.
  • the degree of attenuation or the lead equivalent (International Standard IEC 61331-1, Protective devices against diagnostic medical X-radiation) of the respective material shows a partially very pronounced dependence on the beam energy, which is a function of the voltage of the X-ray tube.
  • Lead-free materials have lead behavior that differs greatly from that of lead, depending on the X-ray energy. Therefore, for simulating the absorption behavior of lead while maximizing weight savings, an advantageous combination of different elements is required.
  • Total lead equivalent in a protective-layer-shaped construction of a lead substitute material is understood to be the lead equivalent of the sum of all protective layers.
  • the total nominal equivalent value is understood to mean the lead equivalent value specified by the manufacturer of personal protective equipment according to DIN EN 61331-3.
  • the dose build-up in the lead-free material should remain as low as possible.
  • a secondary radiation is excited in the material, which has a reducing effect on the shielding effect of the material in the case of large radiation fields.
  • the excited fluorescence radiation is responsible for the dose structure.
  • the dose structure is expressed numerically by the so-called build-up factor according to IEC 61331-1.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a lead-free radiation protection material which has low or only negligible amounts of secondary radiation over the energy range of an x-ray tube with a voltage of 60 to 125 kV and thus ensures an optimal shielding effect.
  • the object of the present invention is achieved with a lead-free radiation protection material according to claim 1.
  • the present invention relates to a lead-free radiation protection material in the energy range of X-ray tube with a voltage of 60 to 125 kV with a layer structure of two layers of different screening properties.
  • the invention further relates to a radiation protection clothing made of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention.
  • the lead-free radiation protection material has two layers with different shielding properties.
  • the composition of the protective material materials in a layer is such that one layer does not reach all the desired properties with respect to the shielding effect, in particular over a larger energy range of 60 to 125 kV. Only both layers together give optimum shielding properties.
  • the layer structure of two layers of different shielding properties of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention is composed of a secondary radiation layer and a barrier layer.
  • the secondary beam layer converts a large portion of the incident X-rays into secondary radiation, i. Fluorescence radiation to.
  • the barrier layer blocks the fluorescence radiation generated in the secondary radiation layer and develops only low secondary radiation.
  • the secondary radiation layer and the barrier layer as a layer structure have very good shielding properties when the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention is processed into protective clothing.
  • the secondary radiation layer is then provided as a body-removed layer of the protective clothing Barrier layer, which is arranged as a body-close layer in the protective clothing, effectively blocks the fluorescence radiation which arises in the secondary radiation layer in the direction of the body. This ensures optimal shielding against X-rays.
  • the Fig. 1 shows build-up factors of different materials.
  • the Fig. 2 shows a sandwich structure of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention.
  • the lead-free radiation protection material is particularly suitable for the energy range of an x-ray tube with a voltage of 60 to 125 kV, preferably, 60 to 100 kV, in particular 60 to 80 kV.
  • the secondary radiation layer contains tin or compounds thereof in an amount of 50 to 100% by weight.
  • the secondary radiation layer contains tin in an amount of 50 to 90% by weight and at least one further element selected from iodine, cesium, barium, lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium and compounds thereof in an amount of 10 to 50% by weight.
  • the barrier layer of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention comprises at least one element of bismuth, tungsten and compounds thereof.
  • bismuth is preferred. It has proved to be advantageous if the barrier layer contains tungsten in an amount of 0 to 30% by weight and / or bismuth in an amount of at least 30% by weight.
  • the barrier layer has an even better secondary radiation secondary radiation barrier effect if it further comprises at least one element of atomic numbers 61 to 71 or compounds thereof.
  • the element is selected from the group consisting of erbium, holmium, dysprosium, terbium, gadolinium, europium, samarium, lutetium, ytterbium, thulium and compounds thereof. Particularly preferred is the gadolinium or a compound thereof.
  • the barrier layer additionally contains at least one element of the group tantalum, hafnium, thorium, uranium and compounds thereof.
  • the proportion by weight of the further elements contained in the barrier layer and / or their compounds may be up to 80% by weight.
  • the amount of the further element (s) and / or their compounds is preferably in a range from 20 to 70% by weight.
  • the two layers of the lead-free material according to the invention contain a matrix material in an amount of 0-12 wt .-%, preferably 2-10 wt .-%, in particular 4-8 wt .-%.
  • the matrix material virtually forms a carrier layer for the protective materials in which they are dispersed in powder form.
  • a matrix material are rubber, latex, synthetic flexible or solid polymers, and silicone materials.
  • YM means the curve of the lead-free material according to the invention and the curves A and B are based on commercially available lead-free materials which constitute a powder mixture without a layer structure. It is readily apparent that the YM curve comes very close to the Pb curve, which means that the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention has similarly good shielding properties as the lead material.
  • the secondary radiation layer and / or the barrier layer of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention may preferably comprise at least one material-pure layer.
  • pure-material layer is meant a layer which, in addition to matrix material, in each case only one of the aforementioned elements and compounds thereof, i. a protective substance. In a preferred embodiment, these material-pure layers have less than 5 wt .-% matrix material.
  • a protective substance or a combination of protective substances which is provided in separate material-pure layers, a much better protective effect, i. E. Shielding effect, has as a material in which all materials, eg. B. as a powder, are mixed.
  • the material-pure layers provide a particularly good shielding effect when they are highly compressed, ie when between the particles of Ablematerials As small as possible spaces are present, so that a layer with the highest possible mass density is present.
  • the compaction of the layer takes place z. B. on a suitable particle size distribution and / or mechanical compression according to known methods.
  • the material-pure layers should be compressed to more than 75 vol .-%. A compression of the material-pure layers to more than 90% by volume is particularly preferred.
  • the secondary radiation layer and / or the barrier layer comprise at least one material-pure layer.
  • the secondary radiation layer is designed to contain elements of atomic numbers 39 to 60 or their compounds. It is also possible to provide a plurality of material-pure layers of these elements and / or their connections.
  • the barrier layer comprises one or more material-pure layers of the elements of atomic numbers greater than 71 and / or compounds thereof.
  • the barrier layer may additionally comprise one or more pure-material layers of the elements of atomic numbers 61 to 71 or compounds thereof.
  • the elements with atomic numbers 61 to 71 and / or their compounds can also be present in a separate layer as a so-called intermediate layer, which is arranged between the secondary radiation layer and the barrier layer.
  • the metal foils usually have a thickness of 0.005 to 0.25 mm.
  • the films are usually one above the other without connection. However, if for practical or technical reasons, a connection between the films are made, they can be prepared by conventional methods.
  • the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention has very good results with regard to the shielding effect, in particular at 60 kV, in comparison to previously known lead-free radiation protection materials.
  • the basis weight was 4.7 kg / m 2 in all cases.
  • the layered, lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention exhibits a better shielding effect than the powder mixture of material 1.
  • a very good shielding effect is exhibited at 60 kV.
  • the stratification of the material-pure layers in the radiation protection material takes place in such a way that the layers are arranged with increasing secondary radiation.
  • the layer with the highest secondary beam yield is provided remotely from the body while the layer with the least secondary radiation is located close to the body.
  • the at least one material-pure layer of the secondary radiation layer and the barrier layer of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention may be present in a so-called sandwich structure.
  • a sandwich structure is to be understood as a structure, wherein further layers are provided between the material-pure layers.
  • the at least one material-pure layer has a carrier layer on each side.
  • the at least one material-pure layer can each have a carrier layer on both sides.
  • the carrier layers are formed from a polymer.
  • the polymer may be one which also acts as a matrix material is used.
  • the polymer is a latex or elastomeric polymer.
  • the one or more carrier layers in the layer structure of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention have a thickness of 0.01 to 0.4 mm.
  • the carrier layer or the carrier layers can still contain small amounts of protective substances, as described above. In general, however, they are free of protective substances.
  • the carrier layers on one side or on both sides of the material-pure layers contribute to the mechanical stability being increased in the "inner", highly compressed material layer, be it the secondary radiation layer or the barrier layer, while the radiation-shielding effect of the individual protective layers is improved becomes.
  • FIG. 2 shows a sandwich structure of the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention.
  • the highly compressed protective material layer 2 is surrounded on both sides by a carrier layer 1, which increases the mechanical stability of the structure.
  • An alternative sandwich construction can also be designed in such a way that each layer with high secondary radiation has a layer with lower secondary radiation on both sides.
  • the barrier action of the low secondary radiation barrier layers can contribute to directing high secondary radiation layers, i. on both sides, experienced a blocking effect.
  • the radiation protection materials in the individual layers are metal powders with particle sizes of 2 up to 75 ⁇ m before. It is essential that there is as little matrix material as possible in the interstices.
  • the mass coverage (basis weight) is 1: 1.
  • a basis weight of 2.6 kg / m 2 per layer results for two layers, which in turn can be subdivided into two layers.
  • the division of the basis weights in a layer structure of three layers is 1: 1: 1.
  • This division is particularly advantageous in the case of a layer structure of secondary radiation layer:
  • Intermediate layer barrier layer.
  • the intermediate layer predominantly comprises at least one element of atomic numbers 61 to 71 or their compounds.
  • the lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention is suitable for the production of radiation protection clothing such as, for example, a radiation protection apron.
  • the material according to the invention can advantageously be used advantageously for example in protective gloves, patient covers, gonadal protection, ovarian protection, dental protection shields, fixed lower-body protection, table attachments, stationary or movable radiation protection walls or radiation protection curtains.
  • a lead-free radiation protection material according to the invention is produced with a layer (A) which corresponds to the secondary radiation layer and a layer (B) which corresponds to the barrier layer.
  • Layer (A) contains 54% by weight of tin, 36% by weight of cerium and 10% by weight of matrix material.
  • Layer (B) contains 36% by weight of gadolinium, 36% by weight of bismuth, 18% by weight of tungsten and 10% matrix.
  • Layer (A) contains 90 wt% tin and 10 wt% matrix while Layer (B) contains 54 wt% gadolinium, 36 wt% bismuth and 10 wt% matrix material.
  • a radiation protection material according to the invention is produced which contains a layer (A) as in Example 1 and a layer (B) as in Example 2.
  • a radiation protection material according to the invention is produced, with a layer (A) as in Example 2 and a layer (B) as in Example 1.
  • the measurement results for the lead equivalent values (PB-GW) of the radiation protection materials for tube voltages of 60, 80, 100 and 120 kV prepared in Examples 1 to 4 are shown in Table 2 below.
  • the weight per unit area of the protective substances is 4.7 kg / m 2 in each case.
  • Table 2 Tube voltage (kV) Example 1 mm Pb-GW Example 2 mm Pb-GW Example 3 mm Pb-GW Example 4 mm Pb-GW 60 0.51 0.57 0.58 0.55 80 0.62 0.68 0.71 0.66 100 0.60 0.65 0.66 0.63 125 0.49 0.51 0.53 0.50

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • High Energy & Nuclear Physics (AREA)
  • Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Professional, Industrial, Or Sporting Protective Garments (AREA)

Claims (29)

  1. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements dans le champ d'énergie d'un tube à rayons X avec une tension de 60 à 125 kV, présentant une structure stratifiée en deux couches aux propriétés de blindage différenciées, caractérisé en ce que la structure stratifiée se compose d'une couche de rayonnement secondaire contentant de l'étain ou des composés de celui-ci dans une teneur de 50 à 100 % en poids, et d'une couche de barrage comprenant au moins un élément sélectionné parmi le bismuth, le tungstène et des composés de ceux-ci.
  2. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de rayonnement secondaire contient de l'étain dans une teneur de 50 à 90 % en poids, et au moins un autre élément sélectionné parmi le iode, le césium, le baryum, le lanthane, le cérium, le praséodyme, le néodyme et des composés de ceux-ci, dans une teneur de 10 à 50 % en poids.
  3. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche de rayonnement secondaire contient de l'étain et du cérium ou un composé de ceux-ci.
  4. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la couche de barrage comprend en outre au moins un élément de numéro atomique compris entre 61 à 71 ou des composés de celui-ci.
  5. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que l'élément est sélectionné dans le groupe comprenant l'erbium, le holmium, le dysprosium, le terbium, le gadolinium, l'europium, le samarium, le lutétium, l'ytterbium et le thulium, et des composés de ceux-ci.
  6. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que l'élément est le gadolinium.
  7. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le ou les éléments de numéro atomique compris entre 61 à 71 ou des composés de celui-ci ou de ceux-ci sont présentés comme couche intercalaire disposée entre la couche de rayonnement secondaire et la couche de barrage.
  8. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la couche de barrage contient en outre au moins un élément du groupe comprenant le tantale, le hafnium, le thorium, l'uranium et des composés de ceux-ci.
  9. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la couche de barrage contient les autres éléments et/ou leurs composés dans une teneur allant jusqu'à 80 % en poids.
  10. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la teneur est comprise dans une plage de 20 à 70 % en poids.
  11. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la couche de barrage contient du tungstène ou des composés de celui-ci dans une teneur de 0 à 30 % en poids et/ou du bismuth ou des composés de celui-ci dans une teneur d'au moins 30 % en poids.
  12. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que les deux couches ou plus contiennent un matériau matriciel dans une teneur de 0 à 12 % en poids.
  13. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que la couche de rayonnement secondaire et/ou la couche intercalaire et/ou la couche de barrage comprennent au moins une couche d'un matériau pur.
  14. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les couches d'un matériau pur sont fortement densifiées.
  15. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que les couches d'un matériau pur sont densifiées à plus de 75 % en volume.
  16. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce que les couches exemptes de matériau sont densifiées à plus de 90 % en volume.
  17. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que les couches d'un matériau pur fortement densifiées se présentent sous forme de films métalliques.
  18. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que les films métalliques ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0,005 à 0,25 mm.
  19. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que les films métalliques sont des bandes de film ou des plaquettes de film.
  20. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon au moins l'une des revendications 13 à 19, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'un matériau pur comportent une couche support sur un côté de couche.
  21. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon au moins l'une des revendications 13 à 19, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches d'un matériau pur comportent une couche support sur les deux côtés de couche.
  22. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 20 ou la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que les couches supports sont formées d'un polymère.
  23. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 22, caractérisé en ce que le polymère est un polymère latex ou élastomère.
  24. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 22 ou la revendication 23, caractérisé en ce que les couches supports ont une épaisseur comprise entre 0,01 à 0,4 4 mm.
  25. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 20 à 24, caractérisé en ce que les couches supports contiennent de faibles parts de substances protectrices.
  26. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 13 à 25, caractérisé en ce que les couches d'un matériau pur du film protecteur sont structurées de telle manière que les couches sont disposées par ordre de rayonnement secondaire ascendant.
  27. Matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 13 à 26, caractérisé en ce que chaque couche à rayonnement secondaire élevé présente une couche à rayonnement secondaire faible sur ses deux côtés.
  28. Revêtement de protection contre les rayonnements composé d'un matériau de protection exempt de plomb contre les rayonnements selon l'une des revendications 1 à 27.
  29. Revêtement de protection contre les rayonnements selon la revendication 28, sous la forme d'un tablier.
EP04764811A 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes Expired - Lifetime EP1540663B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10340639 2003-09-03
DE10340639 2003-09-03
DE102004001328 2004-01-08
DE102004001328A DE102004001328A1 (de) 2003-09-03 2004-01-08 Leichtes Strahlenschutzmaterial für einen großen Energieanwendungsbereich
PCT/EP2004/009859 WO2005024846A1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant au moins deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1540663A1 EP1540663A1 (fr) 2005-06-15
EP1540663B1 true EP1540663B1 (fr) 2008-11-26

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EP04764812A Expired - Lifetime EP1536732B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau leger de protection contre les rayonnements destine a une grande gamme d'energies
EP04764811A Expired - Lifetime EP1540663B1 (fr) 2003-09-03 2004-09-03 Materiau de protection contre les rayonnements exempt de plomb comportant deux couches presentant des proprietes de blindage differentes

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US (3) US20060049384A1 (fr)
EP (2) EP1536732B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2007504451A (fr)
DE (1) DE502004004129D1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2286663T3 (fr)
WO (2) WO2005023116A1 (fr)

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US20090230334A1 (en) 2009-09-17
ES2286663T3 (es) 2007-12-01
EP1536732A1 (fr) 2005-06-08
EP1540663A1 (fr) 2005-06-15
DE502004004129D1 (de) 2007-08-02
WO2005023116A1 (fr) 2005-03-17
US20060049384A1 (en) 2006-03-09
US20060151750A1 (en) 2006-07-13
JP2007504451A (ja) 2007-03-01
WO2005024846A1 (fr) 2005-03-17
EP1536732B1 (fr) 2007-06-20
US7449705B2 (en) 2008-11-11

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