EP1543344A2 - Dispositif de detection optoelectronique - Google Patents

Dispositif de detection optoelectronique

Info

Publication number
EP1543344A2
EP1543344A2 EP03795779A EP03795779A EP1543344A2 EP 1543344 A2 EP1543344 A2 EP 1543344A2 EP 03795779 A EP03795779 A EP 03795779A EP 03795779 A EP03795779 A EP 03795779A EP 1543344 A2 EP1543344 A2 EP 1543344A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
radiation
detection device
modules
transmitter modules
transmitter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03795779A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Christian Boehlau
Johann Hipp
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ibeo Automobile Sensor GmbH
Original Assignee
Ibeo Automobile Sensor GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ibeo Automobile Sensor GmbH filed Critical Ibeo Automobile Sensor GmbH
Publication of EP1543344A2 publication Critical patent/EP1543344A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/04—Systems determining the presence of a target
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4811—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4814—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone
    • G01S7/4815—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/483—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/484—Transmitters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/87—Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
    • G01S17/93—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes
    • G01S17/931—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/491—Details of non-pulse systems

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optoelectronic detection device, in particular a laser scanner, with a transmitter device for emitting preferably pulsed electromagnetic radiation, at least one receiver device assigned to the transmitter device and at least one deflection device, with the radiation emitted by the transmitter device into a monitoring area and radiation reflected from the monitoring area onto the Receiving device is steerable.
  • Such detection devices are generally known - e.g. from the as yet unpublished German patent application 101 43 060.4 filed on September 3, 2001 - and are attached, for example, to vehicles in order to record the surroundings of the vehicle while driving.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an optoelectronic detection device of the type mentioned at the outset, which is as versatile as possible with a construction which is as simple as possible and a safe and reliable mode of operation, and in particular can also be used under changing external conditions.
  • the transmission device comprises a plurality, preferably exactly two, of spatially separated transmission modules, each of which emits radiation along its own propagation path.
  • the use according to the invention of more than just a single transmitter module advantageously results in the possibility of more flexible operation of the detection device, which is also referred to simply as a scanner in the following, which can thereby be specifically adapted to different requirements and to changing external conditions.
  • the transmitter modules of the transmitter device according to the invention can be compared to only one only scanner having a transmitter module can be operated with a significantly lower radiation power. As a result, a considerable power reserve is available for the transmitter modules during normal operation of the transmitter.
  • This power reserve can be used, in particular, to increase the radiation power of the transmitter modules in the event of increasing contamination of a radiation exit surface of the scanner, as a result of which it is possible to continue to carry out useful measurements even with comparatively heavy contamination.
  • the possibility according to the invention of operating the transmitter modules with a comparatively low normal transmission power can also extend the service life of the transmitter modules.
  • the propagation paths of the radiation emitted by the transmitter modules run at least partially without overlap, preferably at least within a close range of the detection device that is relevant for eye safety.
  • This freedom from overlaps ensures that the propagation paths of the transmission radiation, also referred to below as transmission channels, are completely separate from one another, at least in the distance ranges provided for this purpose. In these areas, therefore, an object that does not exceed a certain maximum size can be hit by only one of the transmitter modules, but not by several transmitter modules at the same time.
  • This advantageous circumstance is particularly important with regard to the prescribed eye safety when using laser radiation, i.e. if an object located in a surveillance area is a human eye. Because an eye cannot be hit by more than one of the transmitter modules in the distance area in which the transmission channels run separately from one another, it is possible without impairing eye safety to increase the transmission powers of the transmission modules beyond the normal transmission power, for example, when this is indicated - as already mentioned above - due to increasing contamination of a radiation exit area. Consequently, the maximum that can be observed in this regard can also and especially with regard to the required eye safety Radiation powers of the transmitter modules are "fully exploited" independently of one another.
  • the aspect of eye safety is of secondary importance at most, since in practice the radiation intensity is reduced in practice due to the beam expansion and / or due to an intensity weakening due to the material in the propagation path, so that even with maximum output power of the transmitter modules, eye safety to be complied with even in areas overlapping transmission channels is always guaranteed.
  • the transmitter modules are designed and aligned in such a way that the fronts of the emitted radiation together form a total radiation front in the monitoring area, which is preferably larger than each of the individual radiation fronts, at least at distances relevant to the respective application.
  • the transmitter modules are preferably each designed to emit an elongated radiation front.
  • the radiation front can be a continuous radiation line or be formed by discrete radiation spots arranged along a line.
  • the radiation emitted by the transmitter modules is also simply referred to below as a light line.
  • the monitoring area is scanned for each of the transmitter modules by means of a two-dimensional radiation front.
  • a movement of the deflection device relative to the transmitter modules which is preferably provided during the scanning operation, this results overall in a three-dimensional or quasi-three-dimensional scanning of the monitoring area if the radiation fronts each assume different orientations in space depending on the position of the moving deflection device during the scanning operation .
  • a common receiving device is assigned to the transmitter modules.
  • the receiving device preferably has a flat radiation receiver, the radiation receiver preferably being adapted to the shape of an overall radiation front generated jointly by the transmitter modules.
  • the receiving device in particular a planar radiation receiver of the receiving device, is subdivided into a plurality of receiving areas which can be evaluated independently of one another, with at least one receiving area being assigned to each transmitting module, then individual sections of the total radiation radiation formed jointly by the transmitting modules can front can be evaluated separately, ie a profile of the object scanned can be recorded for each direction in which the light line is emitted.
  • the transmitter modules are arranged on the side of a common receiving device.
  • the arrangement is preferably such that, at least in the projection onto a common transmission / reception level, the transmission modules and the reception device lie on one line.
  • the transmitter modules are arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of the receiver.
  • a deflection device which is rotatable relative to the transmitter modules and the receiving device is used, then provision is preferably made for the axis of rotation of the deflection device to be centered through the receiver. Catching device runs through and the transmitter modules are arranged equidistant from the axis of rotation.
  • the distance between the transmitter modules is maximized in such a way that the radiation emitted by the transmitter modules is deflected by edge regions of the deflection device.
  • the propagation path of the radiation emitted by at least one transmitter module, on the one hand, and the reception path of the radiation reflected from the monitoring area and directed onto the receiving device, on the other hand, run without overlap in a near area comprising a radiation exit surface of the detection device.
  • the invention also relates to a method for operating an optoelectronic detection device, as described above, in which the transmitter modules are controlled in such a way that the transmitter modules emit the radiation at different times and, in particular, alternately in the form of radiation pulses.
  • the radiation pulses emitted by the transmitter modules hit one after the other in time and - if a deflection device moving relative to the transmitter module is used in accordance with the preferred embodiment - spatially offset in relation to the direction of movement of the deflection device on an object scanned in the monitoring area.
  • the control of the two transmitter modules is preferably carried out in such a way that the radiation pulses of the one transmitter module are emitted midway between two successive radiation pulses of the other transmitter module.
  • This alternating mode of operation of the two transmitter modules results in a constant angular offset between the two radiation fronts hitting the scanned object in the monitoring area and thus on a scanned object. Overall, this doubles the angular resolution of the detection device according to the invention, without the pulse frequencies of the individual transmitter modules having to be increased.
  • the pulse operation of the transmitter modules which takes place at different times, also advantageously leads to a significant improvement in the measurement accuracy. If you wanted to "fire" the transmitter modules at the same time, the problem in practice would be that - in relation to the Speed of radiation propagation as well as the reception signal processing - an exact simultaneity of the radiation emission cannot be realized. Even a very slight unintentional time offset leads, at least in the case of objects having a relatively high reflectivity, to crosstalk, also referred to as a "blooming" effect, between adjacent reception areas of the receiver assigned to different transmitter modules.
  • the radiation pulse of one transmitter module hits the object, but the radiation pulse of another transmitter module does not, then the radiation from the transmitter module in question can also be reflected by the object onto the reception area of the other transmitter module that does not hit, so that the evaluation of the transmitter module does not "Transposing" the presence of an object, even though the corresponding transmitter module has not hit a target at all.
  • the invention further relates to the use of at least one optoelectronic detection device, as described above, in connection with a vehicle.
  • the optoelectronic detection device is used for object detection and tracking.
  • an optoelectronic detection device is preferably used, which is designed or attached to or in the vehicle in such a way that, during normal driving, elongated radiation fronts emitted by the transmitter modules at least essentially in a vertical direction when propagating in the direction of travel forward. device, preferably with the radiation fronts lying one above the other in the vertical direction.
  • This use has the advantage that from the area in front of the vehicle in the direction of travel, height information e.g. can be obtained from vehicles in front.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic side view of the structure of a laser scanner according to an embodiment of the invention
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows a perspective view of some components of a laser scanner according to the invention.
  • the detection device also referred to simply as a scanner below, comprises a deflection module 23 with, among other things, a rotating mirror 47, which is driven during the scanning operation by a flat motor 21 for a continuous rotary movement about an axis of rotation 49, and with a housing 37, which comprises a self-supporting housing section 45 and a cover cap 41 removably attached to the housing section 45.
  • the components of the deflection module 23 are supported on a sensor module 29 of the scanner via the housing section 45.
  • the sensor module 29 comprises a support structure 31, which is preferably produced as an aluminum die-cast part and which has a plate-shaped cover section 32 and a one running perpendicular to the cover section 32 Has light shaft 55 as a further functional section of the support structure 31.
  • the housing section 45 is connected to the cover section 32 of the support structure 31, in particular by screwing.
  • the deflection module 23 is connected as a whole via the housing section 45 to the support structure 31 and thus to the sensor module 29.
  • a cover cap 43 forming the housing 39 of the sensor module 29 is connected to the support structure 31, in particular by screwing.
  • the cover cap 43 can be removed from the support structure 31 without further components of the sensor module 29 having to be removed.
  • these further components include in particular two laser modules 11 and a receiver 15, which are attached to the light shaft 55 of the support structure 31, as well as an evaluation unit 25 connected to the receiver 15 and a supply unit 27 for supplying both the sensor module 29 and the deflection module 23 with electrical Energy.
  • the detection device according to the invention is connected to an evaluation computer 67 and a power source (not shown) via a connection area 63 formed on the sensor module 29 as well as communication and supply lines 65.
  • the transmitter modules 11 of the sensor module 29 emit laser radiation, in particular in the IR range, in the direction of the deflection mirror 47 and deflects it into a monitoring area through the housing section 45 of the deflection module 23, which is at least partially permeable to the radiation used, whereupon from the The radiation is reflected in the monitoring area Via the deflection mirror 47 into the light shaft 55 of the sensor module 29 and directed onto the receiver 15 and evaluated with the aid of the evaluation unit 25 and the computer 67.
  • the support structure 31 is provided at the corresponding points with two transmission lenses 33 each assigned to one of the laser modules 11 and a reception lens 35 assigned to the receiver 15 provided, which are firmly integrated in the support plate 32. This will be discussed in more detail in connection with FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 1 The structure of the detection device shown in FIG. 1, which is designed as a laser scanner, and the adjustment of the scanner components per se are also the subject of a further German patent application filed on the same day as the present patent application, so that details of this are not discussed in detail ,
  • FIG. 2 shows a preferred example for the integration of a transmission and reception optics, as described above, into a support structure of a laser scanner, the support structure 31 being shown in simplified form in FIG. 2 in the form of a circular disk.
  • the support structure 31 according to the invention can have any simple or complex spatial structure and can be adapted to the shape of a housing of a sensor module and / or deflection module of the respective detection device to be closed, as is also shown, for example, in FIG. 1.
  • the comparatively large-area receiving lens 35 has a circular shape reduced by two diametrically opposite circular sections. The areas 73 of the omitted circular sections are taken up by the support structure 31.
  • each of these areas 73 there is a circular transmission lens 33, the extent of which is small compared to the extent of the receiving lens 35.
  • the two transmitting lenses 33 are arranged symmetrically in such a way that the centers of the circular transmitting lenses 33 and the center of the receiving lens 35 lie on one line and the two transmitting lenses 33 are located equidistant from the center point of the receiving lens 35 through which the axis of rotation 49 of the rotating mirror 47 (not shown in FIG. 2) runs (cf. FIG. 1).
  • the transmitting lenses 33 lie within the circle defined by the receiving lens 35, whereby an overall space-saving arrangement is achieved.
  • the arrangement of the lenses 33, 35 corresponds to the arrangement of the laser modules 11 and the receiver 15.
  • the laser modules 11 are consequently arranged symmetrically on opposite sides of the receiver 15, with the axis of rotation 49 of the rotating mirror 47 not shown in FIG. 2 (cf. 1) extends through the center of the receiving device 15. Consequently, the laser modules 11 are arranged equidistant from the axis of rotation 49 in a direction perpendicular to the axis of rotation 49.
  • the distance between the laser modules 11 is maximum with respect to the size of the rotating mirror 47, ie the radiation 13 emitted by the laser modules 11 strikes edge regions of the rotating mirror 47.
  • the scanner according to the invention consequently does not only have a single radiation source, but several - in the preferred exemplary embodiment described here exactly two - laser modules 11, which are also arranged maximally eccentrically with respect to the axis of rotation 49 of the rotating mirror 47 coinciding with the optical axis of the reception path ,
  • the laser modules 11 are each provided with a radiation source in the form of a semiconductor laser diode 69, which are only shown schematically in FIG. 2.
  • the laser diodes 69 each form a line-shaped radiation source, so that consequently each laser module 11 emits the radiation with an elongated radiation front, which is also referred to below simply as a light line.
  • the orientation of the emitted light lines in space is dependent on the angular position of the rotating mirror 47 relative to the stationary laser modules 11 at the moment the radiation fronts strike the rotating mirror 47.
  • the orientation of the elongated radiation fronts in the room consequently changes continuously , ie the monitoring area is scanned by rotating light lines.
  • the concept of a line-shaped or line-shaped radiation source in connection with a deflection device on a laser scanner rotating relative to this radiation source is the subject of the aforementioned, not yet published. published German patent application 101 43 060.4 on September 3, 2001, so that details on this will not be discussed in more detail.
  • the laser scanner mounted on the vehicle is preferably aligned according to the invention in such a way that the lines of light run vertically in the direction of travel forward and backward, i.e. the vehicle environment is scanned forwards and backwards with a large vertical angle.
  • the vertical divergence of the radiation emitted by the two laser modules 11 is in each case 1.6 ° in a preferred embodiment, so that a vertical beam divergence of 3.2 ° results overall.
  • the receiving device 15 comprises a receiving array 59 consisting of photodiodes arranged one behind the other, which is designed in line or line form in accordance with the light lines emitted by the laser modules 11.
  • a total of eight photodiodes are preferably provided, of which two adjacent photodiodes are connected together to form a jointly evaluated diode pair.
  • Two pairs of diodes are assigned to each laser module 11, i.e. the light line reflected from the monitoring area of each laser module 11 is imaged on two adjacent diode pairs.
  • a receiver amplifier is assigned to each pair of diodes.
  • This subdivision of the reception array 59 into a total of four successive reception areas effectively scans the monitoring area in four scanning planes, each of the two laser modules 11 realizing two scanning planes with its emitted light line.
  • the two laser modules 11 are not “fired” at the same time during the scanning operation, but instead the radiation pulses 13 are emitted alternately. For this reason, not two, but only two evaluation modules for distance measurement are used, which are operated using the multiplex method.
  • the angular resolution of the scanner according to the invention depends on the rotational frequency of the mirror 47 and the pulse frequency of the laser modules 11.
  • the latter is preferably a constant 14.4 kHz, while for the mirror 47 preferably rotational frequencies of 10 Hz, 20 Hz and 40 Hz can be set.
  • the alternating operation of the two laser modules 11 preferred according to the invention leads to an improvement in the angular resolution by a factor of 2, ie at a rotation frequency of 10 Hz there is an angular resolution of 0, 125 °.
  • Transmitter module laser module emitted radiation receiving device reflected, received radiation drive unit deflection module evaluation unit supply unit sensor module supporting structure cover section transmission lens receiving lens housing of the deflection module housing of the sensor module cover cap of the deflection module cover cap of the sensor module radiation exit area, housing section reflection area, mirror axis of rotation receiver channel radiation area area

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de détection optoélectronique, notamment un scanneur laser, comportant un dispositif d'émission destiné à émettre un rayonnement électromagnétique pulsé de préférence, au moins un dispositif de réception affecté au dispositif d'émission, et au moins un dispositif de déviation permettant de dévier un rayonnement envoyé par le dispositif d'émission, vers une zone de contrôle, et de dévier un rayonnement réfléchi par la zone de contrôle, vers le dispositif de réception. Par ailleurs, ledit dispositif d'émission comporte plusieurs modules d'émission, de préférence deux, disposés de façon spatialement séparée, émettant respectivement un rayonnement le long d'une trajectoire de propagation propre.
EP03795779A 2002-09-25 2003-09-15 Dispositif de detection optoelectronique Withdrawn EP1543344A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10244641A DE10244641A1 (de) 2002-09-25 2002-09-25 Optoelektronische Erfassungseinrichtung
DE10244641 2002-09-25
PCT/EP2003/010238 WO2004036245A2 (fr) 2002-09-25 2003-09-15 Dispositif de detection optoelectronique

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1543344A2 true EP1543344A2 (fr) 2005-06-22

Family

ID=31984056

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03795779A Withdrawn EP1543344A2 (fr) 2002-09-25 2003-09-15 Dispositif de detection optoelectronique

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7345271B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1543344A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2006500598A (fr)
AU (1) AU2003298081A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE10244641A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2004036245A2 (fr)

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