EP1657007A1 - Procédé et dispositif de formage de pièces - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de formage de pièces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1657007A1
EP1657007A1 EP05024456A EP05024456A EP1657007A1 EP 1657007 A1 EP1657007 A1 EP 1657007A1 EP 05024456 A EP05024456 A EP 05024456A EP 05024456 A EP05024456 A EP 05024456A EP 1657007 A1 EP1657007 A1 EP 1657007A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
die
medium
punch
deformed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05024456A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1657007B1 (fr
EP1657007B9 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Hermann Schondelmaier
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1657007A1 publication Critical patent/EP1657007A1/fr
Publication of EP1657007B1 publication Critical patent/EP1657007B1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1657007B9 publication Critical patent/EP1657007B9/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/037—Forming branched tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/043—Means for controlling the axial pusher
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B21D26/033—Deforming tubular bodies
    • B21D26/045—Closing or sealing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a forming device for the production of workpieces, for example, have a complex geometric shape, by means of hydroforming.
  • a shaping device according to the invention hollow bodies such as, for example, tubes can be deformed or expanded into more complex contours.
  • the present invention relates to a method for deforming workpieces with which generally hollow body such as pipes can be expanded by applying an internal pressure or deformed into a desired contour.
  • the so-called hydroforming process has long been known.
  • the workpiece to be deformed is inserted into a tool mold which contains the contour of the workpiece to be produced as an engraving or negative mold.
  • the tool is closed and locked by a hydraulic press.
  • Sealing punches which are attached to hydraulic axial cylinders, close the front ends of the pipes.
  • an internal pressure in the front pipe is filled into a front pipe and built by a pressure pump, an internal pressure in the front pipe.
  • the pre-pipe is widened.
  • the sealing dies push the pipe ends, causing material to flow into the forming zone.
  • a targeted control of the internal pressure and the sealing punch movement causes the material to be applied to the tool contour and thus the finished part its final Form receives.
  • This hydroforming process is described, for example, in DE 195 30 055 A1, EP 0 906 800 A1, DE 100 56 610 A1 and DE 102 11 087 A1.
  • the forming pressure will be generated by hydraulic pumps.
  • these hydraulic pumps only reach forming pressures up to a limited value. Due to the limited forming pressure many geometrical shapes and wall thicknesses can not be produced with this method or only very time consuming. Workpieces with larger wall thicknesses, which may also consist of a more deformation-resistant material, can be produced with these known methods, if at all, only conditionally. Due to the limited pressures also only relatively small deformations can be achieved in workpieces with these known procedures.
  • the previous devices for the hydroforming process are very complex and complex to ensure the necessary tightness in the workpiece.
  • the system technology is expensive, on the other hand, long cycle times result from the complex change of workpieces.
  • the technical problem underlying the present invention is to provide a device and a method that allow a better forming of workpieces.
  • forming apparatus for deforming workpieces comprising a die having a cavity having the negative mold of the desired outer contour of a deformed workpiece, a movably arranged die formed to a medium located in the workpiece , Acting, and comprises a pressing device which presses the plunger against the medium and thus exerts pressure on the workpiece to be deformed.
  • the present invention is based on the idea, instead of generating the forming pressure via a pump as in the case of the known method mentioned at the outset, for the first time to exert a high internal pressure by displacing a medium.
  • a medium For example, by means of a hydraulic press and a punch to be displaced thereby to a predetermined volume of medium, a very large pressure can be exerted. This allows significantly higher forming pressures than before.
  • By generating the forming pressure by moving the movable punch ie generally by displacing a deformable, but substantially incompressible medium, much higher internal pressures in the workpiece to be deformed can be generated than previously.
  • no hydraulic pump longer necessary but it is now this used the previously used to hold the tool press.
  • the tool combination is held together by suitable holders or a reinforcing composite.
  • forming pressures of up to 25,000 bar or more can be generated, instead of a maximum of about 3,000 bar.
  • An exemplary embodiment of the forming device according to the invention comprises a die (or in general tool) with a cavity which has the negative mold of the desired outer contour of a deformed workpiece.
  • a plunger is movably mounted to the die and adapted to act on a medium residing in the workpiece to be deformed to displace it.
  • a device is provided which moves the punch and presses against the medium and thus exerts pressure on the workpiece to be deformed.
  • a further embodiment according to the invention may comprise a multi-part die to produce complex shapes, eg with undercuts. Due to the multi-part embodiment of the die Workpieces with undercuts can easily be removed again after forming, without having to take further steps.
  • the individual die parts are sealed together by holders and held together. These brackets then fulfill the function of the press in the above-described known hydroforming process.
  • the brackets or the armor bandage can also be used in one-piece embodiment of the die, thus reinforcing the die against a high internal forming pressure.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the invention comprises a forming device with a die which is held together by means of a Arm michsvones.
  • the Arm michsv which may consist of one or more rings, for example, is placed form-fitting over the die, whereby the die is held together by tangential compressive stresses to hold the die sealing together or to reinforce the die against the internal pressure.
  • any number of divisions of the die can be arranged in the cross-sectional plane. This makes it possible to form complex shapes and geometries such as e.g. To produce teeth or undercuts.
  • This reinforcement of the matrix by means of a reinforcing bandage can be achieved by making the matrix and also the reinforcing bandage, for example conical and / or oversized (ie in particular transitional or interference fit).
  • the punch can be made to be retractable into the workpiece in a form-fitting manner in order to build up the pressure exclusively in the interior.
  • the outer diameter of the punch with respect to the inner diameter of the hollow part of the workpiece, in which the punch is pressed has an oversize.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention comprises a sealing system which surrounds the stamp on the circumferential side, so that no medium can escape laterally of the movable punch.
  • the sealing system for example, a sleeve in which the punch is axially retractable, and at least one seal between the sleeve and stamp includes.
  • the sleeve is positively on the workpiece and thus seals the medium from the die.
  • a sealing ring arranged, so that the medium is sealed from the environment.
  • the sleeve may be provided on the front side with at least one annular tooth or the like, which engages in the workpiece and ensures a better seal.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides that a plurality of cavities are provided in the tool, in each of which at least one punch is retractable. This can be formed with a tool in a press several workpieces simultaneously. For larger workpieces it may u.U. also be expedient to provide several punches on a cavity at different locations.
  • a further aspect of the present invention relates to a method for forming a workpiece by means of a medium, which exerts an internal pressure on a workpiece inserted in a tool and expands or deforms it.
  • the workpiece is inserted into a die (cavity tool), which already has the desired workpiece contour in the interior as a negative mold.
  • the medium can be introduced into the workpiece, for example via a feed device for the medium.
  • the workpiece or the cavity formed by this workpiece can be substantially filled with the medium. But it may also be sufficient that at least one or the portions of the workpiece to be deformed are covered by the medium.
  • the medium is first inserted or filled in the matrix and then the workpiece is inserted. Finally, the punch is moved and pressed against the medium, so that this deformed the workpiece according to the negative mold of the die.
  • the basic idea here is that the workpiece to be deformed and the punch define a closed cavity, which is now filled by the medium. By displacing the medium, an internal pressure is built up in the closed cavity, which leads to a deformation of the workpiece in the predetermined by the negative mold escape space. The pressure is thus determined by the force with which the punch is pressed and its end face, which faces the medium determined. This allows - as mentioned above - achieve a higher internal pressure than before, which can allow new applications, and also no pump for generating the internal pressure is necessary. It should be emphasized again here that the movable punch causes the forming pressure on the medium and not a pump as in the known method. Since the pressure is generated by a mechanical pressing device, forming pressures of up to 25,000 bar (or possibly even more) can be achieved.
  • the medium to which the stamp exerts the forming pressure can have a solid, semi-solid or liquid state of aggregation.
  • liquids for example, water or oils are suitable, but it is also possible to use solid materials such as plastics. The latter are particularly suitable due to the low viscosity compared to liquid media, since thus the tightness of the device can be ensured easier.
  • solid materials such as plastics.
  • the latter are particularly suitable due to the low viscosity compared to liquid media, since thus the tightness of the device can be ensured easier.
  • all media can be used for the process according to the invention, which were also used in the previous known hydroforming process.
  • the pressure build-up should take place exclusively in the interior of the workpiece.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the method provides for the use of a sealing system which is attached, for example, to the punch or to the die. If this sealing system can completely prevent an increase in pressure on the outer wall of the workpiece, the punch no longer has to be able to be retracted into the workpiece in a form-locking manner and thus no longer needs to be manufactured specifically for the workpiece.
  • the die or the tool can be immersed in a medium.
  • a further exemplary embodiment of the method provides that the illustrated method is carried out by means of cold forming.
  • a hot forming is conceivable and feasible.
  • at least one heating device for heating the workpiece, the die and / or the medium may be present on the device according to the invention mentioned above.
  • Another exemplary embodiment of the method provides that the forming pressure is not constant, but exerted on the medium. This can cause material defects that can occur during a sudden exertion of high pressure be avoided. For example, the increase in the forming pressure can be increased steadily or in stages.
  • a workpiece to be deformed is placed in a die. Subsequently, the workpiece is filled with a medium on which a displaceable punch exerts a forming pressure by displacing the medium. As a result, the workpiece clings to the negative mold and receives the desired shape.
  • the stamp is driven for example by a press.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic structure of an exemplary embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention.
  • the die 4 which is mounted on a subfloor 11 or pressed against the subfloor 11, has inside a cavity 14 with a negative mold 5 (here a depression or indentation) to which the workpiece 2 snuggles under pressure.
  • the forming device comprises a punch 3, which is positively engageable in the workpiece 2 to exert a forming pressure P on a medium 7, which is located in the workpiece 2.
  • the die 4 can be made in one piece, since the workpiece 2 in the present case, e.g.
  • the workpiece 2 to be deformed is already inserted into the die 4 (for example, with a positive fit).
  • the medium 7 is introduced into the workpiece 2 via a feed device 15, so that at least the points of the workpiece 2 to be deformed (in this case the workpiece section opposite the recess 5 in the die 4) are covered.
  • the underbody 11 will serve as a base or counter-position for the workpiece 2.
  • the punch 3 By pressing the punch 3, the workpiece 2 is pressed into the recess 5 with the aid of the medium 7 and assumes the corresponding predetermined shape or shape.
  • Fig. 2 shows the embodiment of the present invention of Fig. 1, with the complex geometries such as undercuts can be formed.
  • One Workpiece 2 is inserted into a die 4 and held by an ejector 10 at a defined height. Since the final shape to be achieved has an undercut, the die 4 is formed in two parts (see FIG. 3) in order to enable removal of the workpiece 2 after the forming process.
  • a reinforcing ring 6 is used as a fastening means in FIG. 2, which surrounds the die 4 in a form-fitting manner.
  • the reinforcing ring 6 and the die 4 is conically oversized to produce by means of a press connection tangential compressive stress and thus to ensure the cohesion of the die 4.
  • a medium 7 is then filled until at least about the location to be deformed, for example, with a feeder 15 and exercised by the form-fitting insert 3 in the workpiece 2 forming pressure P.
  • the workpiece 2 deformed until the negative mold 5 'is reached.
  • the reinforcing ring 6 is removed from the die 4, so that the die 4 can be opened and the workpiece 2 can be removed.
  • 3 and 4 illustrate the possible embodiments of the die 4 and the reinforcing ring 6. It can also be seen that the matrix 4 can have any number of divisions in cross section in the case of complex geometrical shapes of the workpiece 2.
  • the sealing system 8 comprises a sleeve 12 which is inserted in a form-fitting manner into the die 4 and, in the exemplary embodiment of the present invention shown, rests on the end face of the workpiece 2 facing the front side.
  • On the inner wall of the sleeve is at least one O-ring 13 1 for sealing the punch 3.
  • the punch 3 may be fitted in the inner bore or inner hole of the sleeve 12 with a play or transition fit.
  • the underbody 11 and the die are connected to each other here, for example by screws (not shown).
  • FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of a sealing system 8 which comprises a sleeve 12 with a ring tooth and a seal 13 1 which seals the sleeve 12 and the stamp 3. Since the punch 3 can be moved into the workpiece 2 in a form-fitting manner with excess, for example, the sleeve 12 has the ring point (see detail B), which provides a seal between the sleeve 12 and the workpiece 2, and the further seal 13 2 faces the sleeve 12 the die 4 seals, the pressure build-up only in the interior of the workpiece 2, which is filled with the medium 7, ensured.
  • Fig. 7 shows a further possible embodiment of the forming device 1 according to the invention with a conical reinforcing ring 6, which encloses a multi-part conical die 4 and a punch 3, which is controlled by a mechanical device 9 (for example a press).
  • the die 4 which has the negative mold 5 inside, encloses the undeformed workpiece 2, which is filled by means of a feed device 15 with a medium 7 at least to over the surfaces to be deformed.
  • the mechanical device 9 controls the punch 3 in such a way that pressure is exerted on the medium 7.
  • the punch 3 is positively retracted into the workpiece 2, whereby the forming pressure P increases and thereby the workpiece 2 conforms to the negative mold 5.
  • the sealing system 8 prevents on the one hand the escape of the medium 7 and on the other hand, that the pressure builds up only in the interior of the workpiece 2.
  • FIG. 8 An exemplary sequence of the hydroforming process according to the invention is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the reinforcing ring 6, which is conically formed on the inner peripheral side is plugged onto the one or multi-part die 4, which is conically shaped on the outer peripheral side.
  • the workpiece 2 to be deformed is inserted and filled in the next step with a medium 7 until at least the parts of the workpiece to be deformed are covered.
  • the punch 3 is displaced by the mechanical device 9 in the direction of the cavity 14 of the workpiece 2 and thereby a forming pressure P is built up via the medium 7 in the workpiece interior.
  • the sealing system 8 can be used to ensure that the pressure build-up takes place exclusively in the interior of the workpiece 2.
  • the punch 3, which is controlled by the mechanical device 9, exerts pressure on the medium 7 until the workpiece 2 has completely nestled against the negative mold 5.
  • the forming pressure P can be kept constant or variable.
  • the reinforcing ring 6 is removed, the die 4 is opened and the deformed workpiece 2 is removed.
  • the multi-part die 4 can be pulled slightly radially outwards so that the deformed workpiece 2 can be ejected out of the die via an ejector 10.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
EP20050024456 2004-11-10 2005-11-09 Procédé de formage de pièces Expired - Lifetime EP1657007B9 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE200410054324 DE102004054324A1 (de) 2004-11-10 2004-11-10 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verformen von Werkstücken

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1657007A1 true EP1657007A1 (fr) 2006-05-17
EP1657007B1 EP1657007B1 (fr) 2012-08-29
EP1657007B9 EP1657007B9 (fr) 2013-01-23

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EP20050024456 Expired - Lifetime EP1657007B9 (fr) 2004-11-10 2005-11-09 Procédé de formage de pièces

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Country Link
EP (1) EP1657007B9 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004054324A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102601206A (zh) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-25 张家港合瑞车桥有限公司 液压胀形管端密封装置
US11298737B2 (en) * 2017-01-20 2022-04-12 Uhde High Pressure Technologies Gmbh Device and method for the autofrettage of a workpiece

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770874A (en) 1953-04-27 1956-11-20 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co Method of locally expanding tubing
JPS5680329A (en) 1979-12-04 1981-07-01 Kaoru Abe Hydraulic forging device
JPH07124269A (ja) 1993-10-21 1995-05-16 Shiyoukasen Kiko Kk 消防用送水口頭部の製造方法
US5445001A (en) 1994-08-10 1995-08-29 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for forming and cutting tubing
EP0740969A1 (fr) 1995-05-04 1996-11-06 Rasselstein Hoesch GmbH Procédé pour la réalisation d'un corps creux en tÔle de forme complexe
EP0760264A1 (fr) * 1995-08-24 1997-03-05 Benteler Ag Dispositif pour le formage hydraulique des pièces tubulaires
EP0906800A1 (fr) * 1997-10-04 1999-04-07 Schäfer Hydroforming GmbH & Co. Méthode et dispositif pour la fabrication des arbres creux ayant des bosses radiales par le procédé de formage par pression interne

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2770874A (en) 1953-04-27 1956-11-20 Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Co Method of locally expanding tubing
JPS5680329A (en) 1979-12-04 1981-07-01 Kaoru Abe Hydraulic forging device
JPH07124269A (ja) 1993-10-21 1995-05-16 Shiyoukasen Kiko Kk 消防用送水口頭部の製造方法
US5445001A (en) 1994-08-10 1995-08-29 General Motors Corporation Method and apparatus for forming and cutting tubing
EP0740969A1 (fr) 1995-05-04 1996-11-06 Rasselstein Hoesch GmbH Procédé pour la réalisation d'un corps creux en tÔle de forme complexe
EP0760264A1 (fr) * 1995-08-24 1997-03-05 Benteler Ag Dispositif pour le formage hydraulique des pièces tubulaires
EP0906800A1 (fr) * 1997-10-04 1999-04-07 Schäfer Hydroforming GmbH & Co. Méthode et dispositif pour la fabrication des arbres creux ayant des bosses radiales par le procédé de formage par pression interne

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102601206A (zh) * 2012-03-02 2012-07-25 张家港合瑞车桥有限公司 液压胀形管端密封装置
US11298737B2 (en) * 2017-01-20 2022-04-12 Uhde High Pressure Technologies Gmbh Device and method for the autofrettage of a workpiece
EP3571006B1 (fr) * 2017-01-20 2024-04-03 Uhde High Pressure Technologies GmbH Dispositif et procédé d'auto-frettage d'une pièce à usiner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1657007B1 (fr) 2012-08-29
EP1657007B9 (fr) 2013-01-23
DE102004054324A1 (de) 2006-05-24

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