Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
  • C11D17/0008—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties aqueous liquid non soap compositions
  • C11D17/0013—Liquid compositions with insoluble particles in suspension
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
  • A61K35/618—Molluscs, e.g. fresh-water molluscs, oysters, clams, squids, octopus, cuttlefish, snails or slugs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
  • A61K33/06—Aluminium, calcium or magnesium; Compounds thereof, e.g. clay
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/56—Materials from animals other than mammals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/965—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of inanimate origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/98—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
  • A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
  • A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
  • A61K8/98—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin
  • A61K8/987—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution of animal origin of species other than mammals or birds
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/02—Drugs for dermatological disorders for treating wounds, ulcers, burns, scars, keloids, or the like
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/06—Antipsoriatics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/10—Anti-acne agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P17/00—Drugs for dermatological disorders
  • A61P17/18—Antioxidants, e.g. antiradicals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/10—Antimycotics
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P31/00—Antiinfectives, i.e. antibiotics, antiseptics, chemotherapeutics
  • A61P31/12—Antivirals
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
  • A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
  • A61Q19/10—Washing or bathing preparations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01D—SEPARATION
  • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
  • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
  • B01D39/04—Organic material, e.g. cellulose, cotton
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/0203—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising compounds of metals not provided for in B01J20/04
  • B01J20/0225—Compounds of Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt
  • B01J20/0229—Compounds of Fe
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
  • B01J20/06—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising oxides or hydroxides of metals not provided for in group B01J20/04
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
  • B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
  • B01J20/30—Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
  • C02F1/281—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using inorganic sorbents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
  • C11D3/38—Products with no well-defined composition, e.g. natural products
  • C11D3/384—Animal products
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
  • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
  • B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
  • B01J2220/40—Aspects relating to the composition of sorbent or filter aid materials
  • B01J2220/48—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation
  • B01J2220/4875—Sorbents characterised by the starting material used for their preparation the starting material being a waste, residue or of undefined composition
  • B01J2220/4881—Residues from shells, e.g. eggshells, mollusk shells
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
  • C02F1/288—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using composite sorbents, e.g. coated, impregnated, multi-layered
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/66—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by neutralisation; pH adjustment
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
  • C02F1/68—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition of specified substances, e.g. trace elements, for ameliorating potable water
  • C02F1/685—Devices for dosing the additives
  • C02F1/688—Devices in which the water progressively dissolves a solid compound
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
  • C02F2101/103—Arsenic compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
  • C02F2101/10—Inorganic compounds
  • C02F2101/20—Heavy metals or heavy metal compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
  • C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
  • C02F2103/026—Treating water for medical or cosmetic purposes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
  • C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
  • C02F2209/11—Turbidity

Definitions

• the present invention relates generally to a system and process for producing a low- suspended solids solution by filtering a solution through a column comprising crushed shells derived from mollusks. More specifically, the present invention relates to a system and process for manufacturing a low-suspended solids solution having cleaning, disinfecting, and medical treatment properties. Additionally, the present invention relates to a method for preparing an ointment useful for medical treatments in which the ointment comprises in part a composition of crushed shells.
• Shells derived from mollusks are generated as industrial waste from fisheries around the world. It is common practice to dump the shell waste into the ocean. However, shells have been efficiently used as a source of calcium and for obtaining antibacterial agents as well as for purifying water. It has been shown that the powder obtained from shells of scallops, oysters, clams, and other mollusks or a solution containing the powder has antibacterial and antiviral properties, as well as use as a water purifying agent. It has also been found that the aforesaid powder has demonstrated useful properties when applied as a deodorant for sterilization as a preservative agent and for selected medicinal use.
• Shell powder can also be used in soaps which have been shown to treat tinea pedis (athlete's foot) caused by the breeding of a true fungus.
• Japanese Patent Application No. 05-267807 (Ueda et al.) describes a method for purifying polluted water as well as the bottoms of rivers, lakes, seas and bays, by spreading a powder of shell fossils across the sea bed to purify the polluted water and the bottoms of rivers.
• Japanese Patent Application No.08-316935 (Suzuki et al.) describes a porous material, made of calcined shells, for purifying water. The material has been shown to effectively purify the water and may be applied effectively for large scale water purification.
• Japanese Patent Application No. 11-328702 to Sasaya discloses a deodorant obtained by pulverizing the shells of scallops having a crystalline structure consisting of a calcite type structure of calcium carbonate.
• U.S. Patent Nos. 6,365,193 and 6,488,978 to Sasaki et al. disclose that burned shells can be used as antibacterial agents and water purifying agents.
• Sasaki et al. disclose heating a shell in an atmosphere of inactive gas and burning the shell.
• the antibacterial agent is obtained by burning a powder from the shell of a surf clam in an atmosphere of inactive gas. The powder can be easily dissolved into water, in particular warm water and used as an antibacterial solution.
• the low-suspended shell extract inherits the antibacterial properties of the shells and as indicated heretofore may effectively be applied as a cleaner and disinfectant or for the treatment of skin diseases.
• the resultant solution can also be used as a fluid or in mixture with a suitable vehicle to provide a solid or mastic composition.
• system and process of the present invention are simple and by being economically advantageous can be applied at a larger industrial scale for cleaning and purifying contaminated water.
• a process for removing suspended solids from a solution comprising repeatedly filtering the solution through a filter/extraction column housing crushed mollusk shell particles.
• a device for removing suspended solids from a solution comprising a filter/extraction column; a fluid inlet positioned on one end of the filter/extraction column; and a fluid outlet positioned on the other end thereof, wherein the filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles.
• an apparatus for removing suspended solids from a solution may comprise a filter/extraction column; a fluid inlet positioned on one end of the filter/extraction column; and a fluid outlet positioned on the other end thereof, wherein the filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles, effectively assembled for removal of said suspended solids.
• an apparatus comprising two filter extraction columns arranged in tandem, wherein the first filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles and the second filter/extraction column houses crushed mollusk shell particles pre-coated with iron oxide or hematite.
• a use for the low-suspended solids solution for treatment of skin diseases where the solution has previously been combined with a carrier, such as eucerin or petroleum jelly.
• Another object of the present invention seeks to provide a cleaner composition
• a cleaner composition comprising the low-suspended solids solution alone or a mix of the solution and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at a ratio of 0.4 % by weight.
• This weight factor may vary as may be determined by the man skilled in the art while maintaining cleaning effectiveness.
• Fig. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the extraction column comprising an inlet, an outlet, and a housing member
• Fig. 2a is an exploded cross-sectional view of the upper half of the extraction column and illustrates the empty column set-up;
• Fig. 2b is an exploded cross-sectional view of the upper half of the extraction column and illustrates the column filled with the packing member;
• Fig. 3 is an exploded cross-sectional view of the lower half of the extraction column and illustrates the empty column set-up;
• Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the apparatus comprising two extraction columns in a tandem arrangement
• Fig. 5 illustrates the measured turbidity of the shell extract with exposure time
• Fig. 6 illustrates the increase of the amount of calcium determined in the shell extract with exposure time.
• Fig. 1 illustrates a filter/extraction column (10) comprising an inlet (11), an outlet (13), two screens (14), and a housing member (12).
• the housing member (12) defines a passageway ( 12a) that can be filled with crushed mollusk shells.
• Fig 2a illustrates an exploded view of the upper half of the filter/extraction column (10), comprising a top coupling ( 16), a screw- in stopper (15) and an outlet (13) placed in the stopper (15).
• a screen (14) may be placed at the top of the housing member (12) in order to contain the crushed mollusk shells in the filter/extraction column (10).
• the top coupling (16) is fitted with a coupling inside lip (17) in order to attach the screen (14) to the housing member.
• An interchangeable seal (18), such as silicon can be used to inhibit leaking of the column.
• Fig. 2b illustrates an exploded view of the lower half of the extraction column, comprising the bottom coupling (16), stopper (15) and an inlet (11) placed in the stopper (15).
• the bottom coupling can also be fitted with the coupling inside lip (17) in order to attach the screen (14) to the housing member (12) so as to contain the crushed mollusk shells into the filter/extraction column.
• the inlet (11) is designed for connection to a plastic valve and a pump used to feed the column with the solvent.
• An interchangeable silicon seal (18) can be used to avoid leaking of the column.
• Fig. 3 illustrates the filter/extraction column (10), comprising an inlet (11), an outlet (13), top and bottom identical screens (14), and a housing member (12).
• the housing member (12) contains crushed mollusk shell particles which may be of equal or different sizes, hi one embodiment shown in Fig. 3 the housing member contains at the bottom thereof crushed shell particles of sizes between 0.5 and 1 mm in diameter (20) and crushed shell particles of sizes between 3 and 4 mm in diameter (21).
• the crushed mollusk shells can comprise size particles of about equal and/or of particles distributed along the passageway according to the filter/extraction needs in one or a plurality of zones.
• a zone is defined as containing crushed shell particles of approximately the same diameter.
• the packing of the column with crushed shell particles can follow a regular distribution according to a desired gradient or an irregular distribution. Heat treatment can be applied to shells prior to crushing at a temperature of approximately 300 0 C for a period of approximately 1.5 min.
• Fig. 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the apparatus (1) according to the present invention and comprises at least two filter/extraction columns (2,3), in a tandem arrangement.
• the filter/extraction columns are arranged linearly so that the outlet (13) of the first column (2) is connected to the inlet (11) of the second column (3) by a connecting tube (23).
• the housing member (12) of the first column (2) can contain at the bottom thereof crushed shell particles of sizes between 0.5 and 1 mm in diameter (20), and crushed shell particles of sizes between 3 and 4 mm in diameter (21) thereafter.
• the housing member (12) of the second column (3) may contain crushed shell particles coated with iron oxide or hematite (24).
• coating the crushed shell particles with iron oxide or hematite may substantially improve the water purifying properties of the filter/extraction columns by reducing the metal content in the water passed through the apparatus (1).
• Analysis of the water passed through the filter/extraction columns apparatus (1) showed nearly zero content of aluminum and arsenic in contaminated water.
• shells are collected directly off the fishing boat and put in tote boxes.
• the shells are then cleaned by electric drills having a wire brush and throughly washed with water under high pressure to ensure effective cleaning.
• the cleaning and washing steps may be followed by a cooling step in which the shells are left on a wire rack for an amount of time necessary to cool the shells to the ambient temperature.
• the shells are crushed to particles of 1, 2, 3, and 4 mm in diameter. Particles of about the same diameter or a mix of particles with different diameters may be used in the filter/extraction column according to the present invention.
• the effectiveness of the cleaner will be determined by several factors including the pH of the solvent and the particle size of the crushed shells that form the packing member of the extraction column.
• the filter/extraction column 10
• the number of passes and the water flowrate determine the properties of the cleaner, including its cleaning effectiveness.
• the particle diameter of the crushed shells has been shown to be inversely proportionate to the effectiveness of the cleaner.
• the particle diameter of the crushed shell be between 0.5 and 4 mm, more preferably between 0.5 and 2 mm to produce a low-suspended solids solution effective as a cleaner.
• Fig. 5 illustrates the Turbidity vs. Exposure time as determined in Experiment 1 detailed below.
• the turbidity was measured after each pass of solvent through the extraction column. After an exposure time of 12 hours the measured turbidity of the shell extract was about 2.2 NTU.
• the above measurements of turbidity are correlated with the measurements of the amount of suspended solids in the shell extract after each pass. Accordingly, as is shown in Table 1 of Experiment 1 as time passes the amount of suspended solids decreases from 6 mg/L after the first pass of solvent through the filter/extraction column to about 0 mg/L after 12 hours.
• Fig. 6 illustrates the amount of calcium measured after each pass of water through the extraction column versus the exposure time.
• the final shell extract contains approximately 121 times more calcium than the starting solvent. It is preferred that the calcium content of the shell extract is higher than 14 mg/L and more preferably is higher than 20 mg/L.
• Other factors that can impact upon the effectiveness of the cleaner are the pH and the turbidity of the shell extract. In order to optimize cleaning results the pH of the shell extract should be between 8.0 and 9.7 and the turbidity should be less than 6 NTU.
• An extraction column ( 10) was constructed with a 6 inch diameter 4 feet long PVC pipe with two couplings closing each end as described in Figure 1.
• the top coupling had a 90 ° elbow screw-in with a 3/4 inch plastic tube connected thereto.
• the top coupling and the plastic tube connected to it represent the outlet (13) according to the present invention.
• the bottom coupling as constructed had a straight adapter screwed in the coupling stopper and connected to a plastic tube representing the inlet (11) according to the present invention.
• a 12 V, 360 gallon/hour pump was connected to the inlet of the column and was used to pump distilled water through the column.
• the top and the bottom of the column were designed in the same way except that the bottom coupling had a 3/4 nipple with a 3/4 plastic tube connected to a plastic valve and the 12 V pump.
• Two screens ( 14) as shown in Fig. 1 were used to keep the crushed scallop shells inside the passageway (12a).
• the composition of the crushed shells was comprised of a mixture of 0.5 and 1 mm diameter scallop shell particles.
• the mass of the smaller particles was approximately 10 kg and the column was filled to within two inches of the screen (14) of the upper coupling.
• the rest of the column was filled with larger diameter particles of 3 and 4 mm.
• Table 1 shows the suspended solids concentration in the solution as measured by the Hach Company DR- 2400 Spectrometer. This method of determining suspended solids is a simple, direct measurement which does not require the filtration or ignition/weighing steps as do gravimetric procedures. While the USEPA specifies the gravimetric method for solids determinations, this method is often used for checking in-plant processes. Test results are measured at 810 nm. This method is documented in the Hach Water Analysis Handbook, method 8006 page 963.
• the mass of the aluminum dish was measured with a Scientech 120 analytical balance to the nearest 1 mg.
• a 100 ml sample from the solution was taken in situ and placed into the aluminum dish.
• the dish with sample was placed in a preheated oven and evaporated at 103-105 0 C for approximately six hours.
• the dish was then taken out of the oven and allowed to cool at room temperature in a desiccator.
• the dish with sample was then taken out of the desiccator and mass measurements were effected to the nearest 0.1 mg with the Scientech 120 analytical balance. This was the first mass measurement of the sample.
• the two columns were arranged in tandem with the outlet of the first column directly connected to the inlet of the second column.
• a 12 V, 360 gallon/hour pump was connected to the inlet of the first column and was used to pump distilled water through the first and second column.
• the packing member of the first column was made of a mix of smaller 0.5 and 1 mm in diameter scallop shell particles.
• the mass of the smaller particles was about 10 kg while the column should be filled two inches below the screen (14) of the upper coupling.
• the rest of the column was filled with larger diameter particles of 3 and 4 mm as described in Experiment 1.
• the packing member of the second column was made of crushed scallop shell particles coated with iron oxide or hematite (Fe 2 O 3 ).
• the coating of the crushed shell particles with iron oxide can be effected by any process known to a person skilled in the art.
• the coating of the scallop shells is effected by soaking the shells in iron oxide or hematite for 4 hours, then baking the shells and solution for 4 hours at 200 0 C. The shells should then be washed with distilled water and dried in an oven at 200 °C for three hours.
• Contaminated water with a high content of aluminum and arsenic was passed through the apparatus comprising the two extraction columns arranged in tandem. It has been found in practice that the aluminum and arsenic content of the resulting aqueous solution was reduced to O mg/L.
• the invention provides a system and process for producing a low-suspended solids solution by filtering a solution through a column comprising crushed shells derived from mollusks.
• the result of utilization of the aforementioned system and process is a solution that has numerous properties.
• this solution can be effectively implemented as a cleanser and disinfectant, as well as being effective in the treatment of various skin diseases.
• the present invention provides an application for an industrial waste product, mollusk shells, that are generated in large quantities from fisheries around the world.

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• 2006
  • 2006-10-31 CA CA002566562A patent/CA2566562A1/en not_active Abandoned
• 2007
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  • 2007-08-24 WO PCT/CA2007/001504 patent/WO2008052302A1/en not_active Ceased
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