EP2180193A2 - Machine de traitement des écoulements dotée d'un moyen pour énergiser des bords proches du côté aspirant - Google Patents

Machine de traitement des écoulements dotée d'un moyen pour énergiser des bords proches du côté aspirant Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2180193A2
EP2180193A2 EP09010688A EP09010688A EP2180193A2 EP 2180193 A2 EP2180193 A2 EP 2180193A2 EP 09010688 A EP09010688 A EP 09010688A EP 09010688 A EP09010688 A EP 09010688A EP 2180193 A2 EP2180193 A2 EP 2180193A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
outlet
flow path
main flow
blade
boundary
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP09010688A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2180193B1 (fr
EP2180193A3 (fr
Inventor
Volker Dr. Gümmer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Original Assignee
Rolls Royce Deutschland Ltd and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
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Publication of EP2180193A2 publication Critical patent/EP2180193A2/fr
Publication of EP2180193A3 publication Critical patent/EP2180193A3/fr
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Publication of EP2180193B1 publication Critical patent/EP2180193B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0207—Surge control by bleeding, bypassing or recycling fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/66—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing
    • F04D29/68—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers
    • F04D29/681—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/684—Combating cavitation, whirls, noise, vibration or the like; Balancing by influencing boundary layers especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps by fluid injection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fluid flow machine with suction side near Randenergetistechnik according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the aerodynamic load capacity and efficiency of fluid flow machines is limited by the growth and detachment of boundary layers on the blades, and particularly on the hub and casing walls.
  • the prior art provides only limited solutions in the event of high aerodynamic loading and strong boundary layer growth on the annular channel sidewalls (hub or housing).
  • the flow in blade rows of aerodynamically highly loaded turbomachines has a very high flow deflection to be achieved.
  • the required flow deflection can become so high either in parts of the blade height or along the entire blade height that a conventional arrangement leads to premature detachment of the boundary layer flow in the edge region at the hub and / or housing walls.
  • Blade rows with a design according to the prior art see Fig.1 , due to the strong aerodynamic loading of the sidewall boundary layers, ie the boundary layers formed at the main flow path boundary, have too low a working range and too high losses to provide the operating characteristics required in modern fluid flow machines.
  • Previously proposed solutions for fluid supply at the flow path edge were primarily used to influence the Spaltleckageströmung on rotor tips.
  • the present invention relates to blades of fluid flow machines such as fans, compressors, pumps, and fans of axial, semi-axial and radial type with gaseous or liquid working fluid.
  • the turbomachine may include one or more stages, each having a rotor and a stator, in some cases the stage is merely formed by a rotor.
  • the rotor consists of a number of blades, which are connected to the rotating shaft of the machine and deliver energy to the working fluid.
  • the rotor can be designed with or without shroud on the outer blade end.
  • the stator consists of a number of stationary blades, which can be designed on the hub side as the housing side with a fixed or free blade end.
  • the rotor drum and the blading are usually surrounded by a housing, in other cases, z. As in propellers or propellers, no housing exists.
  • the machine may also have a stator in front of the first rotor, a so-called leading wheel. At least one stator or Vorleitrad may - unlike the immovable fixation - be rotatably mounted to change the angle of attack. An adjustment is made for example by a spindle accessible from outside the annular channel.
  • said multi-stage turbomachine may have two counterrotating shafts so that the rotor blade rows change direction of rotation from stage to stage. There are no stators between successive rotors.
  • the fluid flow machine can alternatively have a bypass configuration such that the single-flow annular channel divides behind a certain row of blades into two concentric annular channels, which in turn accommodate at least one additional row of blades.
  • Fig. 2 shows by way of example four possible configurations of the fluid flow machine.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a fluid flow machine of the type mentioned, which has an effective boundary layer influence in the blade tip area while avoiding the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the present invention thus comprises a turbomachine having a main flow path in which at least one row of blades is arranged, at least one blade end of a blade row having a fixed connection to the main flow path boundary and at least one fluid-supplied edge chamber being provided in the region of this blade end outside the main flow path boundary wherein at least one outlet is provided in the region of said fixed blade end in the vicinity of at least one blade suction side through which fluid from the at least one edge chamber passes substantially in the direction of the main flow onto the surface of the main flow path boundary.
  • a blade for use in a fluid flow machine, a blade is provided which has a specially shaped tangential jet generation outlet in the vicinity of the blade suction side in at least one of its ends at the main flow path boundary, such that fluid from a chamber outside the main flow path boundary flows in a streamlined manner onto the surface the main flow path boundary can escape.
  • a conventional blade row according to the prior art, as in Fig. 1 has no outlets provided at the main flow path boundary near the suction side for generating a tangential jet.
  • the right side of the Fig. 1 shows a simplified rotor or Statorschaufelsch 5 in the meridian section with flow from left to right (thick arrow).
  • the flow runs around the individual profile sections of the blades 5 (see view XX) following the course of the blade passage from the leading edge (VK) to the trailing edge (HK), adverse effects occur near the flow path boundary at hub 3 or housing 1 Secondary flows on the local remindström whiche with partially detached flow result (see dashed arrows in the left and right part of the picture).
  • FIG. 3a shows the example of a blade row according to the invention, here a stator with a fixed blade end on the housing 1, where the occurring mechanical loads are further transferred to the structural structure of the fluid flow machine and which is hereinafter referred to as "load-transmitting fixed blade end".
  • load-transmitting fixed blade end At the hub there is a free blade end with running gap.
  • the blade 5 is shown in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the picture and in the view X-X (housing view) in the right part of the picture.
  • the stator has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied, located outside the main flow path primary edge chamber, which is outlined in simplified form and emerges from the at least one outlet fluid to the surface of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
  • the Fig. 3b shows the example of a blade according to the invention 5, here a stator with load-transmitting fixed blade end on the housing 1, and fixed blade end to the hub 3. Between the shroud 10 on the hub 3 and the rotor shaft is a rotating relative motion, wherein sealing tips 11 in a the Shroud 10 surrounding cavity 12 provide a seal. Such a fixed blade end is referred to below as "load-free fixed blade end”.
  • the bucket is in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the picture and in the view Y-Y (hub view) in the right part of the picture.
  • the stator has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied primary edge chamber 13 outside of the main flow path 2 from which fluid exits through an outlet 6 fluid to the surface of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
  • the stator also has at least one flow path in the interior of at least one blade 5 connecting the at least one primary edge chamber 13 at the load transmitting fixed blade end to at least one secondary edge chamber 14 defined by its location outside the main flowpath at the other fixed blade end of the stator, at least a secondary edge chamber 14 also exits fluid through at least one outlet 6 onto the surface of the main flow path boundary.
  • FIG Fig. 3b An inventively favorable case is when, as shown in FIG Fig. 3b , the fixed blade end with secondary edge chamber 14 is a load-free solid Blade end is and the at least one secondary edge chamber 14 is provided within the shroud 10.
  • At least one outlet 15 is provided to at least one of the two blade surfaces (convex suction side SS, concave pressure side DS) through which additional fluid can escape.
  • at least three slot-like outlets 15 arranged side by side and in a row substantially in the main flow-transverse direction are provided on the suction side.
  • the Fig. 3c shows the example of a blade row according to the invention, here a rotor with load-transmitting fixed blade end to the hub.
  • a free blade end On the housing 1 is a free blade end with running gap.
  • the blade 5 is shown in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the image and in the view Y-Y (hub view) in the right part of the picture.
  • the rotor has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one supplied with fluid, located outside of the main flow path primary edge chamber 13, which is outlined in simplified form and exits through at least one outlet fluid 6 on the surface of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung.
  • the Fig. 3d shows the example of a blade 5 according to the invention, here a rotor with load-transmitting fixed blade end to the hub 3 and load-free fixed blade end (with shroud 10) on the housing 1. Between shroud 10 and housing 1 is a rotating relative motion, with sealing tips 11 in a the Shroud 10 surrounding cavity 12 provide a seal.
  • the blade 5 is shown in the meridian section with flow from left to right, see left part of the picture and in the view XX (housing view) in the right part of the picture.
  • the rotor has at its load-carrying fixed blade end at least one fluid-supplied primary edge chamber 13 outside of the main flow path, from which exits fluid through an outlet 6 to the surface of the main flow path boundary.
  • the rotor also has at least one flow path in the interior of at least one blade 5 connecting the at least one primary edge chamber 13 at the load transmitting fixed blade end to at least one secondary edge chamber 14 defined by its location outside the main flowpath at the other fixed blade end of the rotor, at least one of the at least a secondary edge chamber 14 also exits fluid through at least one outlet 6 onto the surface of the main flow path boundary.
  • FIG Fig. 3d An inventively favorable case is when, as shown in FIG Fig. 3d in that the fixed blade end with secondary edge chamber 14 is a load-free fixed blade end and that at least one secondary edge chamber 14 is provided inside the cover strip 10.
  • the opening of at least one outlet 6 at the main flow path boundary of the relevant blade row is provided according to the invention in the vicinity of the suction side.
  • the blade 5 has in the illustration shown in Fig. 3a, 3b . 3c and 3d only one outlet 6 per bucket passage. Notwithstanding this representation, according to the invention, in each case a plurality of outlet openings 6 can also be arranged in a blade passage.
  • the outlet 6 has an inclined, preferably nozzle-like, shape in the main flow direction, the fluid jet emerging from the outlet 6 through the outlet opening receiving an essential component parallel to the main flow and in this way substantially tangential to the main flow path boundary.
  • the edge contour can run smoothly in the area of the outlet opening or can have a local recess which is recessed in the main flow direction.
  • the Fig. 4a shows on its left and right sides of the blade row according to the invention with a fixed blade end in a developed streamline section near a main flow path boundary, as it corresponds approximately to the view XX or YY, ie in the meridian flow direction m and the circumferential direction u formed plane.
  • a skeleton line SL which, for purposes of the present invention, should be within the profile through the center line between the pressure and suction sides and outside the profile through the respective tangential continuation of this center line at the leading and trailing edges.
  • W indicates the width of the blade passage at the narrowest point between two adjacent blade profiles at the main flow path boundary.
  • the thickness of the profile at the bottleneck is denoted by d.
  • This boundary line limits the range of the invention useful positions of outlet openings.
  • outlet openings are always upstream of the back wall line HKL in the region between the convex side of a skeleton line SL and the concave side of the next one, in FIG Direction of the pressure side of the adjacent profile encountered boundary line GL provided.
  • the left-hand side of the invention shows examples according to the invention of slot-like outlet openings arranged approximately transversely to the main flow, within the area between the skeleton line SL and the boundary line GL.
  • a small arrow indicates the exiting fluid jet.
  • an outlet opening 6 directly on the profile suction side SS (see middle opening) or also on the edge RF of the rounding radius usually provided at the blade ends, also called fillet radius (see rear opening), is favorable.
  • the vicinity of the skeleton line is favorable (see front opening).
  • each illustrated outlet opening 6 extends transversely or obliquely to the main flow and the beam exit direction, the respective center line. If, as shown in this example, it is an individually arranged opening, the center line of the opening is defined as the so-called outlet trajectory TJ.
  • the right-hand side of the invention shows examples according to the invention of rows of outlet openings arranged approximately to the main flow.
  • a small arrow indicates the exiting fluid jet.
  • the individual openings may have an angular or round / oval shape and be regularly or irregularly spaced from each other.
  • the connecting line of the centroids of the row belonging to the row is defined as outlet trajectory TJ.
  • the outlet trajectory is oriented in its entire course substantially orthogonal to the local tangent to the skeleton line.
  • the Fig. 4b shows on the left side a passage between two adjacent profiles on the main flow path boundary.
  • dashed lines show a typical structure of isobars (lines of constant static pressure).
  • the isobars are inclined upstream in a wide range and uniformly curved.
  • an isobar drawn is drawn through.
  • the Fig. 4c shows the inventively particularly favorable position of the exhaust traverse upstream of the line extending in the narrowest cross section between two adjacent profiles LW.
  • the Fig. 4d clarifies the definition of the inclination of an outlet trajectory according to the invention.
  • a blade profile and an outlet opening are shown dotted in the background as a guide.
  • the trajectory runs between the starting point TA and the end point TE.
  • the range of angular amounts is decisive, in which the angle of inclination ⁇ , which the trajectory TJ travels along its course locally with the skeleton line, is maintained.
  • the perpendicular is first to be dropped in the direction of the suction side of the next profile onto the skeleton line SL.
  • the solder point C is given.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ is finally drawn between the picture as in the picture Tangent to the trajectory in the considered point T and the tangent to the skeleton line included in the soldering point C.
  • the inclination angle ⁇ along the entire trajectory has values in the range 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ 100 °.
  • an outlet 6 is an oblique opening into the surface of the main flow path boundary with the formation of a bend at the entry point (point G) with a smooth course of the contour of the main flow path boundary.
  • the orifice angle ⁇ is measured at the point of inflection G between the tangent to the inner contour of the outlet and the tangent to the contour of the main flow path boundary and according to the invention should be less than 25 ° ( ⁇ ⁇ 25 °).
  • the 5 b shows in section ZZ a nozzle-shaped in the direction of the main flow inclined and curved course of the outlet, here with a shoulder in the contour of the Hauptströmungspfadberandung at the confluence.
  • the features of this outlet according to the invention will be described with the aid of two inscribed circles and the center line of the outlet in the plane considered here.
  • the narrowest cross section of the outlet is found coming from outside the blade.
  • the narrowest cross-section has the width e, but does not have to lie directly at the exit opening of the outlet, as shown here.
  • the center of the circle found in the narrowest cross-section is marked ME.
  • further continuously increasing circles may be inscribed to determine the centerline GML of the outlet.
  • the effective length k of the outlet is measured, which is limited further inside the blade by the center MI of a last inscribed circle.
  • the 5c shows in section ZZ further features of the outlet according to the invention, with regard to its transition to the surface of the main flow path boundary.
  • the narrow section of the outlet 6 has the width e.
  • the point of contact of the inscribed in the narrow cross-section circle with the inner, at this point convex boundary contour of the outlet 6 is denoted by P.
  • the tangent TGA and the tangent TGO serve to describe the transition of the outlet 6 into the surface of the blade.
  • TGA is the tangent at point P to the inner outlet boundary contour.
  • TGO results as a tangent to a circle (not shown in the picture) through the blade surface points X, Y and Z.
  • the point X is obtained as an intersection of an orthogonal to TGA applied tangent to the throat section.
  • the point Y is located in a distance measured along the blade outer contour of two Engqueritessweiten (2e) upstream of point X.
  • the point Z is located in a measured along the blade outer contour distance of two Engqueritessweiten (2e) upstream of point Y.
  • heel height f which is measured as the orthogonal distance of the point Q from the tangent TGO.
  • the point Q is located two narrow cross-sectional widths (2e) downstream of point P.
  • the 5d shows an outlet 6 with additional design elements.
  • at least one separating web 9 can be provided in the area of the outlet 6 or also in the area of the cavity, dividing the supplied fluid flow or similarly deflecting it like a blade lattice before it emerges as a tangential jet onto the blade surface.
  • the present invention allows a significantly higher aerodynamic load capacity of rotors and stators in turbomachines, with constant or increased efficiency. A reduction in the number of parts and the component weight of more than 20% seems attainable. Using the concept in the high-pressure compressor of an aircraft engine with around 25,000 pounds of thrust results in a reduction in specific fuel consumption of up to 0.5%.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
EP09010688.1A 2008-10-21 2009-08-19 Turbomachine dotée d'un moyen pour énergiser des bords proches du côté aspirant Active EP2180193B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008052409A DE102008052409A1 (de) 2008-10-21 2008-10-21 Strömungsarbeitsmaschine mit saugseitennaher Randenergetisierung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2180193A2 true EP2180193A2 (fr) 2010-04-28
EP2180193A3 EP2180193A3 (fr) 2014-05-07
EP2180193B1 EP2180193B1 (fr) 2018-10-10

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EP09010688.1A Active EP2180193B1 (fr) 2008-10-21 2009-08-19 Turbomachine dotée d'un moyen pour énergiser des bords proches du côté aspirant

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US (1) US8834116B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2180193B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008052409A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2180193B1 (fr) 2018-10-10
EP2180193A3 (fr) 2014-05-07
US20100098527A1 (en) 2010-04-22
DE102008052409A1 (de) 2010-04-22
US8834116B2 (en) 2014-09-16

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