EP2185657A1 - Pigments de fer en minces plaquettes, procédé pour leur fabrication, et leur utilisation - Google Patents

Pigments de fer en minces plaquettes, procédé pour leur fabrication, et leur utilisation

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Publication number
EP2185657A1
EP2185657A1 EP09753660A EP09753660A EP2185657A1 EP 2185657 A1 EP2185657 A1 EP 2185657A1 EP 09753660 A EP09753660 A EP 09753660A EP 09753660 A EP09753660 A EP 09753660A EP 2185657 A1 EP2185657 A1 EP 2185657A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
iron
effect pigments
pigments
iron effect
pigment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09753660A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Thomas Schlegl
Stefan Trummer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eckart GmbH
Original Assignee
Eckart GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eckart GmbH filed Critical Eckart GmbH
Priority to EP09753660A priority Critical patent/EP2185657A1/fr
Publication of EP2185657A1 publication Critical patent/EP2185657A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/62—Metallic pigments or fillers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/0015—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings
    • C09C1/0018—Pigments exhibiting interference colours, e.g. transparent platelets of appropriate thinness or flaky substrates, e.g. mica, bearing appropriate thin transparent coatings uncoated and unlayered plate-like particles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C1/00—Treatment of specific inorganic materials other than fibrous fillers; Preparation of carbon black
    • C09C1/62—Metallic pigments or fillers
    • C09C1/622—Comminution, shaping or abrasion of initially uncoated particles, possibly in presence of grinding aids, abrasives or chemical treating or coating agents; Particle solidification from melted or vaporised metal; Classification
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/02—Printing inks
    • C09D11/03—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder
    • C09D11/037—Printing inks characterised by features other than the chemical nature of the binder characterised by the pigment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/36—Pearl essence, e.g. coatings containing platelet-like pigments for pearl lustre
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/38—Paints containing free metal not provided for above in groups C09D5/00 - C09D5/36
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
    • C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
    • C09D7/62—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic modified by treatment with other compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
    • C09D7/67—Particle size smaller than 100 nm
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
    • C09D7/40—Additives
    • C09D7/70—Additives characterised by shape, e.g. fibres, flakes or microspheres
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/20—Particle morphology extending in two dimensions, e.g. plate-like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
    • C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
    • C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/40—Electric properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/60—Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values
    • C01P2006/62—L* (lightness axis)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
    • C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
    • C01P2006/80—Compositional purity
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09C—TREATMENT OF INORGANIC MATERIALS, OTHER THAN FIBROUS FILLERS, TO ENHANCE THEIR PIGMENTING OR FILLING PROPERTIES ; PREPARATION OF CARBON BLACK  ; PREPARATION OF INORGANIC MATERIALS WHICH ARE NO SINGLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS AND WHICH ARE MAINLY USED AS PIGMENTS OR FILLERS
    • C09C2200/00—Compositional and structural details of pigments exhibiting interference colours
    • C09C2200/40—Interference pigments comprising an outermost surface coating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to thin, platelet-shaped iron pigments, their preparation and use.
  • Iron effect pigment platelets also referred to as iron flakes or iron effect pigments
  • Iron effect pigment platelets are mainly used on account of their magnetic orientability in the decorative area.
  • By orientation of the iron pigments along the magnetic field lines in the still liquid application medium very attractive 3D effects or holograms can be generated.
  • platelet-shaped iron pigments by dry or wet milling of reduced-treated carbonyl iron powder in the presence of grinding aids with a size which is particularly desirable for the automotive finish and a "silver dollar form" known from aluminum pigments is described in detail in DE 101 14 446 A1, for example.
  • the semolina particles are mechanically deformed to iron platelets and not crushed.
  • a lubricant for example a fatty acid such as stearic or oleic acid
  • an inhibitor coating consisting of a passivating anti-corrosion coating and an inhibitor layer
  • pigment platelets of iron have an average particle size of 5 to 100 microns and an average particle thickness of 500 to 30 nm.
  • the product Ferricon 200 (Eckart) is sold only because of its magnetic properties, which allow alignment of the pigment platelets in the magnetic field and resulting interesting 3D effects.
  • a normal effect pigment which acts due to its plane-parallel orientation in an application medium, it could not find any interest so far.
  • PVD aluminum pigments can be used to create real mirror effects in the backside application.
  • EP 1 621 586 A1 describes a platelet-shaped aluminum pigment having a pronounced metallic luster and a fine grain distribution. This aluminum pigment has an average thickness of 0.025 to 0.08 microns and an average particle diameter (D 5 o) of 8 to 30 microns.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide iron effect pigments with improved optical properties.
  • the pigments should have better gloss and brightness flop, as well as a darker hue up to a black metallic effect pigment.
  • these effect pigments should be able to be prepared by a technically simple process.
  • the object is achieved by the provision of iron effect pigments which have a thickness distribution determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) thickness distribution in the representation as cumulative weight distribution a) a h 5 o value from a range of 10 to 55 nm b) a hgo value from a Range from 20 to 80 nm.
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the object underlying the invention is further by a method for
  • the object of the invention is further by the use of the iron effect pigments of the invention as an effect pigment in coatings, paints, coatings, printing inks, powder coatings, plastics, securities and Security printing, cosmetics and reflector material solved in the production of multi-layered effect pigments.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention are used as a magnetically orientable effect pigment in coatings, paints, lacquers, printing inks, powder coatings, plastics, securities and security printing or cosmetic applications.
  • the object underlying the invention is also provided by providing a coated article containing and / or having iron effect pigments according to any one of claims 1 to 8, preferably coated with the iron effect pigments of the invention or a coating agent containing the iron effect pigments of the invention.
  • iron pigments and iron effect pigments are used interchangeably.
  • iron effect pigments are meant platelet-shaped iron pigments. Due to the platelet shape, these iron effect pigments are able to reflect incident light in a directed manner, thus to act as a mirror.
  • these novel pigments have as yet not achieved any overall properties, in particular gloss, flop, opacity (opacity) and a darker metal tone.
  • iron effect pigments which have a narrow distribution of thicknesses as stated in claim 1, have unexpected gloss properties associated with darkness.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention are not matt but glossy.
  • the iron effect pigments of the invention compared to the iron effect pigments according to the teaching of DE 101 14 446 A1, darker or blacker.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention stack more uniformly in the application medium than conventional iron pigments.
  • the conventional iron pigments it may easily come to irregularities in the stacking of the pigments.
  • very thick pigments can act as "spacers" which impairs the orientation of the surrounding or adjacent iron effect pigments.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention have an iron content of preferably at least 80-90% by weight, more preferably at least 81-87
  • Wt .-% and particularly preferably of at least 82 - 86 wt .-%, on.
  • the content of oxygen of the plate-like iron core of the iron effect pigments of the present invention is 10 to 20 atomic%, and more preferably 13 to 19 atomic%, and most preferably 14 to 18 atomic%.
  • the relatively high oxygen content can be explained by the fact that the pigments are extremely thin and thus have high specific surface areas.
  • the at the Surface naturally occurring iron oxide layer contributes to the relatively high oxygen contents.
  • the content of iron and oxygen of the iron effect pigments of the invention is preferably at least 96 wt .-%, more preferably at least 97 wt .-% and particularly preferably at least 98 wt .-% based on the total iron effect pigment. Otherwise, of course, naturally occurring impurities such as silicon may be present in small amounts.
  • the pigment thickness is determined by the degree of water coverage (spread according to DIN 55923) and / or by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The degree of water coverage can only be used to calculate an average thickness h of the pigments, but not the thickness distribution.
  • the mean thickness of the iron effect pigments according to the invention was determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in the context of this invention. In this method, so many particles are measured that a representative statistical evaluation can be made. Usually about 100 particles are measured.
  • the thickness distribution is expediently represented in the form of a sum passage curve.
  • the "mean value” is the h 50 value of the total thickness passage curve.
  • a measure of the coarse fraction is the h 90 value.
  • the hgo value indicates that 90% of all pigment particles have a thickness below this value. Accordingly, for example, an hgg value indicates that 99% of all pigment particles have a thickness below this value.
  • the hio value is a measure of the fine fraction of the thickness distribution, which states that 10% of all pigment particles have a thickness below this value.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention have a thickness distribution determined by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) thickness measurements, which in the Representation as a cumulative weight distribution of a h 5 o value from a range of 10 to 55 nm, preferably from 12 to 50 nm, more preferably from 14 to 45 nm and most preferably from 15 to less than 40 nm.
  • SEM scanning electron microscopy
  • the iron effect pigments become too dark due to the loss of metallic reflectivity while retaining the high absorption properties of the iron.
  • the iron effect pigments become mechanically unstable in order to be processed properly.
  • the opacity decreases.
  • h 5 o of 55 nm the advantageous optical properties, ie gloss in combination with darkness or blackness, are no longer present.
  • the pigments of the invention have a h 90 value within a range of 20 to 80 nm, preferably 22-70 nm, and particularly preferably from 25 to 60 nm.
  • Iron effect pigments with an h 90 value of less than 20 nm can not yet be economically produced by grinding.
  • Metal effect pigments with such narrow thickness distributions have hitherto only been accessible via PVD processes. Iron in turn is difficult to vaporize due to its high melting point. For this reason, no iron effect pigments produced by PVD method are commercially available.
  • the advantageous optical properties of the iron pigments according to the invention are based on a small thickness of all iron effect pigments in the pigment thickness distribution.
  • the h 98 value is preferably less than 100 nm, more preferably less than 90 nm, particularly preferably less than 80 nm and very particularly preferably less than 70 nm.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention have an average thickness h 50 from a range of 15 to 45 nm and an hgo value from a range of 25 to 60 nm. In a further particularly preferred embodiment of the iron effect pigments according to the invention, these have an average thickness h 50 (h 50 value) from a range from 20 to 40 nm and an hgo value from a range from 30 to 50 nm.
  • the small thicknesses of the iron effect pigments according to the invention advantageously bring about a very good stacking of the pigments in the application medium, for example a lacquer or an ink.
  • opaque coatings with very low layer thicknesses for example, a layer thickness of less than 10 microns, for example, with high gloss and dark flop can be made.
  • the layer thicknesses are generally much lower than with varnishes. This is especially true for gravure inks. Gravure inks pigmented with conventional iron effect pigments have a solids content of about 40% by weight. On the other hand, print films have a wet film coating of about 3 to 6 ⁇ m and a dry film thickness of only about 1.5 to 3 ⁇ m. Thus, the iron effect pigments according to the invention can be used extremely advantageously in printing inks or printing films due to the very small thickness and the narrow thickness distribution.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention have a hi O value of the thickness distribution from a range from 8 to 40 nm, more preferably from 10 to 35 nm and particularly preferably from a range from 15 to 33 nm.
  • the iron effect pigments are also usually too small with respect to the size distribution (fine fraction), which leads to a high proportion of scattered light and thus to impaired optical properties.
  • the pigments are again too thick, because then of course the h 50 and the h 90 value are too large and the combination of gloss and darkness or blackness in the iron effect pigments are no longer obtained ,
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention are very thin pigments with a relatively narrow thickness distribution. Such pigments have a high opacity.
  • the opacity or opacity of pigments is usually referred to as the coverage of an area per unit weight of pigment.
  • the d 50 values of the length distribution of the pigments are preferably in a range from 5 ⁇ m to 40 ⁇ m, preferably from 6 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably from 7 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m and particularly preferably from 7.5 ⁇ m up to 20 ⁇ m.
  • Such pigments preferably have non-leafing properties, ie the iron effect pigments are predominantly not oriented at or in the vicinity of the surface of an application medium, for example a dye or lacquer film. It does not therefore come to a "floating" of the iron effect pigments, for example, they are ground with oleic acid as a lubricant and therefore coated with this substance.
  • the iron effect pigments of the invention have a higher form factor at a preferred size of 8 to less than 18 microns, resulting in greatly improved contrast when the iron effect pigments of the invention are oriented in the application medium by an applied magnetic field.
  • the linear expansion is determined in the usual way by means of laser granulometry (instrument: Cilas 1064, Fa. Cilas, France) and evaluated as spherical equivalents.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention are subsequently coated or coated with a passivating inhibitor and / or a passivating corrosion protection layer.
  • a passivating inhibitor and / or a passivating corrosion protection layer Such coatings enable the safe use of the pigments according to the invention in waterborne paints and / or in outdoor applications, without the effect of the oxidation of the iron effect pigments according to the invention being impaired by their gloss and color properties.
  • the mechanism of action of the passivation layers is complex. For inhibitors, it is mostly based on stinging effects. The majority of inhibitors therefore also have an orienting effect in the sense of "leafing" and “non-leafing", i. in the application medium floating or not floating, the result.
  • the inhibitors are usually added in low concentrations of the order of 1% to 15% by weight, based on the weight of the iron effect pigment used.
  • the following coating substances are preferably used:
  • R alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, arylalkyl and alkyl ethers, in particular ethoxylated alkyl ethers
  • Ri may be the same or different than R 2 .
  • ROP ORi
  • R 2 alkyl, aryl, alkyl-aryl, aryl-alkyl and alkyl ethers, in particular ethoxylated alkyl ethers
  • the abovementioned inhibitors are used as grinding aids in order to prevent dangerous hydrogen formation during the grinding process and also to avoid oxidation of the iron particles or of the resulting iron effect pigments.
  • the passivating inhibitor layer can also consist of the aforementioned substances. Preference is given to organic phosphonic acids and / or phosphoric esters or mixtures thereof. When using amine compounds, these preferably have organic radicals having more than 6 C atoms.
  • the abovementioned amines are preferably used together with organic phosphonic acids and / or phosphoric esters or mixtures thereof.
  • Passive anticorrosive coatings that provide the iron effect pigments with particularly good corrosion protection include or consist of silicon oxide, preferably chromium oxide, chromium iron oxide, which is preferably applied by chromating, chromium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, polymerized plastic resin (s), phosphate, phosphite or Borate compounds or mixtures thereof.
  • the SiO 2 layers are preferably prepared by sol-gel processes with average layer thicknesses of 5-150 nm and preferably of 10-40 nm in organic solvents.
  • the process for producing the iron pigments according to the invention is shown below. This is characterized by an extremely gentle deformation grinding of very fine iron semolina with a very narrow particle size distribution.
  • the process for the preparation of thin, platelet-shaped iron pigments involves the grinding of an iron semolina having a particle size distribution with dG ⁇ e ⁇ , io ⁇ 2.0 ⁇ m, d G ⁇ e ⁇ , 50 ⁇ 5.0 ⁇ m and d G ⁇ , 90 ⁇ 7.0 ⁇ m using a grinder in the presence of solvents and lubricants and spherical grinding media.
  • the size distribution of the coarse iron powder has a dc ⁇ eß.io ⁇ 2.0 microns, a d G ⁇ e ß, 5o ⁇ 5.0 microns and a d Gn e ß, 9 o ⁇ 7.0 microns.
  • the size distribution includes a d G ⁇ eß, io ⁇ 1, 6 microns, a d Gn ESS, 5o ⁇ 3.3 microns and a d Gri ⁇ ß, 9o ⁇ 5.5 microns.
  • ⁇ d G r ⁇ e ⁇ (d G ⁇ e ⁇ , 9O-d G ⁇ e ⁇ , 1 ⁇ ) / d G ⁇ e ⁇ , 50 is preferably 0.7 to 1.6, more preferably 0.8 to 1.5, and most preferably 0.9 to 1, 4. Only with such fine and relatively narrow-cut Eisengrie till the iron effect pigments of the invention can be prepared. As a lower limit, the size distribution has the following characteristic data: dGr garbage.io ⁇ 0.5 ⁇ m, dGr garbage.so ⁇ 0.8 ⁇ m and d G rie ß , 9 o ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ m.
  • Particularly preferred lower limits of the iron grit used are: d G riess, io ⁇ 0.7 microns, d G r garbage, 5o ⁇ 1, 5 microns and dGr understand, 90 ⁇ 2.5 microns.
  • the used iron semolina is therefore predominantly no iron semolina in nanometric dimensions.
  • the use of such a fine iron semolina with narrow size distribution is of essential importance for the production of the iron effect pigments according to the invention.
  • the iron particles are not completely uniformly deformed: this means that some particles are deformed more, while some of the semolina particles are deformed very late during the grinding process.
  • the deformation probability of a particle depends on its size. For example, particles already formed into platelets have a higher specific area than undeformed semolina, and accordingly a higher probability of being further deformed.
  • the width of the size distribution of the semolina is thus not only in the size distribution of the formed iron platelets, but also in the distribution of the thickness distribution. For narrow thickness distributions, therefore, an iron semolina with a correspondingly small size variance must be used.
  • the iron particles of a commercial iron powder are ground with conventional grinding aids, for example with a solvent such as white spirit and with a lubricant such as oleic acid, by means of spherical grinding media, by an extremely gentle deformation grinding to thin iron platelets.
  • Convention grinding aids for example with a solvent such as white spirit and with a lubricant such as oleic acid
  • spherical grinding media by means of spherical grinding media, by an extremely gentle deformation grinding to thin iron platelets.
  • deformation grinding here is a gentle grinding, in which the semolina is largely only deformed to understand. The semolina or the resulting platelets are therefore only ever further deformed and largely not crushed.
  • the grinding media are preferably grinding balls and are preferably made of steel, glass or ceramic. Particularly preferably, the grinding balls are made of steel.
  • the grinding balls preferably have a mean size of 0.5 to 1, 5 mm and more preferably from 0.6 to 1, 0 mm.
  • Carbonyl iron powder and particularly preferably reducing-treated carbonyl iron powder are preferably used here as iron semolina.
  • the preparation and composition of this semolina is described in detail in DE 101 14 446 A1, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
  • iron semolina produced by electrolytic methods or by wet precipitation methods or by a combination of these methods may be used.
  • iron grits for example, according to the methods described in Hollemann, Wiberg "Textbook of Inorganic Chemistry", Walter de Gruyter & Co Verlag Berlin, 91- 100th Edition (1985) S. 1.127 Chap. 1.1.2 are shown, usable.
  • Eisencarbonylpulver must have a narrow size distribution, as stated above.
  • carbonyl iron powder or any other iron semolina to be used may need to be classified first in order to adjust the aforementioned size distribution.
  • Classifying the iron semolina or carbonated iron powder can be done, for example, by sieving or by using a cyclone.
  • the grinding of semolina particles from iron to flakes can be dry or wet, d. H. in the presence of solvents such as white spirit, mineral oil, toluene, alcohols, hydrogen chloride, water or mixtures thereof.
  • the semolina particles of iron are preferably wet-ground, since the wet milling or shaping is more gentle than the dry milling or deformation and, during the wet milling, the lubricant used and, if appropriate, the inhibitor substances or anticorrosion agents are uniformly distributed over the entire millbase. Also for safety reasons is the Wet grinding or molding to prefer. Finely divided iron powder has pyrophoric properties and is therefore better to handle in a non-powdery manner.
  • the millbase can be classified more easily after each milling stage.
  • lubricants for example oleic acid, stearic acid or else inhibitors, are added in an amount which is dependent on the particular free specific surface area (BET) of the rolled-out iron pigments.
  • BET free specific surface area
  • an iron grit made in "atomizers" by spraying liquid iron may also be used.
  • the semolina preferably has a largely round shape. Iron grains with a spherical to slightly ellipsoidal shape are particularly preferred.
  • the iron semolina to be used according to the invention is a very fine metal semolina with a very narrow size distribution.
  • the grain size distribution band is determined in the usual way by laser granulometry.
  • the semolina can be brought to the desired narrow size distribution after the atomization step by appropriate classification steps.
  • the classification can be carried out with air classifiers, cyclones, sieves and / or other known devices.
  • the atomization step is preferably carried out under an inert gas atmosphere.
  • the inert gases used are preferably nitrogen and / or helium.
  • the purity of the iron used in the atomization is preferably from 97.0 to over 99.9 wt .-%, and particularly preferably 98.0 to 99.9 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the iron grit.
  • the semolina may contain the usual alloying ingredients (e.g., Mg, Si, Cr, Mn, etc.) in correspondingly small amounts.
  • the iron semolina is carried out using a grinder, preferably a ball mill or a stirred ball mill, in the presence of solvents and lubricants as grinding aids and spherical grinding media, preferably grinding balls.
  • the grinding can be carried out in one operation or in two several operations.
  • grinding balls of different sizes can be used in each case for two grinding stages.
  • the milling time is preferably over 12 to 100 hours, more preferably 15 to 80 hours, and most preferably 18 to 45 hours. If the grinding is carried out in two or more stages, these grinding times are to be understood as the total time of the grinding period.
  • the pigments can not be deformed enough to obtain the small thicknesses of the present invention. If one wishes to obtain the iron effect pigments according to the invention in shorter milling times, then it is necessary to deform the particles more strongly, for example by higher rotational speeds. But then you get more and more in the Crushing and receives iron pigments of inferior quality. On the other hand, grinding times over 10o h are uneconomical.
  • the pigment is formed very uniformly, whereby a very smooth surface and a very narrow thickness distribution are formed.
  • the temperatures during the milling process are usually in the range of 1O 0 C to 70 0 C.
  • Preferred are temperatures in a range from 25 0 C to 50 0 C.
  • the grinding or deformation is preferably carried out in a solvent, preferably at a weight ratio of solvent to iron particles of 0.8 to 6 and particularly preferably from 1, 0 to 4.0.
  • the weight ratio of the grinding balls to iron particles is preferably from 20 to 120, more preferably from 25 to 100.
  • the critical speed n crit is an important parameter which indicates when the balls are pressed against the mill wall by the centrifugal forces and practically no grinding takes place:
  • the rotational speeds of the ball mill are preferably 20% to 70%, more preferably 25% to 65% of the critical speed nk ⁇ t .
  • Low rotational speeds favor a slow deformation of the iron particles.
  • light grinding balls are preferably also used in the process according to the invention. Preference is given to grinding balls having a single weight of 0.2 to 10 mg, more preferably from 0.21 to 5 mg and most preferably from 0.22 to 4.3 mg.
  • the iron semolina is not ground or crushed in the inventive method for the greater part, but deformed extremely gently over a longer period.
  • lubricants a variety of compounds can be used during grinding.
  • fatty acids containing alkyl radicals of from 10 to 24 carbon atoms have been used for a long time.
  • stearic acid, oleic acid or mixtures thereof are used.
  • Stearic acid as a lubricant leads to leafing pigments
  • oleic acid leads to non-leafing pigments.
  • Leafing pigments are characterized by floating in an application medium, for example a lacquer or a printing ink, i. E. Arrange on the surface of the application medium.
  • Non-Ieafing pigments on the other hand, arrange themselves in the application medium.
  • long-chain amino compounds may be added to the fatty acids.
  • the fatty acids may be of animal or plant origin.
  • organic phosphonic acids and / or phosphoric acid esters can be used as lubricants.
  • the lubricant should be used in not too small amount, otherwise due to the strong formation of the iron grit, the very large surfaces of the platelet-like iron pigments produced insufficient be saturated by adsorbed lubricant. In this case, it comes to cold welding. Preferred amounts are therefore from 1, 5 to 30 wt .-%, preferably 2 to 25 wt .-%, lubricant based on the weight of the iron grit used.
  • solvent is not critical per se. You can use conventional solvents such as white spirit, solvent naphtha, etc. Also, the use of alcohols, such as Isopropanol, ethers, ketones, esters, etc., is possible.
  • water in at least predominant part
  • the lubricants used should have a markedly corrosion-inhibiting effect. Preference is given here to phosphonic acids and / or phosphoric esters, which may also carry ethoxylated side chains. The addition of further corrosion inhibitors during grinding is also advantageous here.
  • the resulting iron effect pigments are separated from the grinding media, preferably the grinding balls.
  • the resulting iron effect pigments can be subjected to size classification.
  • This classification should be carried out gently so as not to destroy the thin iron effect pigments according to the invention. It may be, for example, a wet sieving, a decantation or even a separation by sedimentation (due to gravity or by centrifuging). In wet sieving, i. d. R. the coarse fraction sieved out. In the other methods, in particular, the fine fraction can be separated. The suspension is then separated from excess solvent (e.g., by means of a filter press, centrifuge or filter).
  • the iron effect pigments of the invention can be converted into a paste form.
  • the solids content is in this case 30 to 65 wt .-%, preferably 40 to 60 wt .-% and particularly preferably 45 to 55 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the paste.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention can be converted by drying into a powder form, preferably into a non-dusting powder form.
  • the dried powder can be further processed by adding very small amounts of solvent ( ⁇ 10%) in a suitable homogenizer to a non-dusting metal powder.
  • the filter cake can first be dried and then pasted with another solvent (Umnetzen).
  • the iron effect pigments of the invention can also be converted by adding the filter cake with a suitable dispersion of a suitable resin to granules, pellets, briquettes, tablets or sausages.
  • a suitable dispersion of a suitable resin to granules, pellets, briquettes, tablets or sausages.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention can be compacted, regardless of the small thickness, without there being any impairment of the optical properties of the iron effect pigments if they are introduced at a later time into a dye or paint medium.
  • the pelleting may be carried out on a pelletizing plate in a conventional manner.
  • the tableting can be done in a tabletting device.
  • the sausages may be made by a process of iron pigment paste or powder molding or by extruding an iron effect pigment paste through an extruder and dividing the extruded paste strands by a rotating knife assembly. Granulation of the iron effect pigments according to the invention can be carried out, for example, by spray granulation.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention can very advantageously be used in granules or pellets with high pigment contents, for example of 90% by weight. to 35 wt .-%, preferably from 70 wt .-% to 40 wt .-%, based on the total weight of the granules or pellets, are provided.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention Due to the high specific surface area of the iron effect pigments according to the invention, relatively large amounts of dispersing resin must be used, for example, for pelleting the iron effect pigments of the invention. Preferably, 2-50% by weight, more preferably 5 to 30% by weight of resin based on the total weight of the total formulation of the pellets is used.
  • dispersing resins For pelleting, a variety of dispersing resins can be used. Examples include both naturally occurring and synthetic resins. They include, for example, alkyd resins, carboxymethyl and carboxyethylcellulose resins, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB), coumarol-indene resins, epoxy esters, epoxy-melamine and epoxy-phenol condensates, ethyl and methylcellulose, ethylhydroxyethylcellulose, Hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, ketone and maleic acid resins, rosin resins, melamine resins, nitrocellulose resins, phenolic and modified phenolic resins, polyacrylamide, polycarbonate, polyamide, polyester, polyether, polyurethane, and vinyl resins.
  • alkyd resins carboxymethyl and carboxyethylcellulose resins, cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate propionate
  • acrylic copolymers and acrylic ester resins particularly preferred are: acrylic copolymers and acrylic ester resins, polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile copolymer resins, copolymers of butadiene and vinylidene chloride, butadiene-styrene copolymers, methyl acrylate and methymethacrylate copolymers; and polybutene, polyisobutylene, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl ether, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polystyrene resins.
  • copolymers include styrene / maleic anhydride and styrene / shellac resins, vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride / vinyl ether and vinyl chloride / vinylidene chloride resins.
  • aldehyde resins such as the laropal series of BASF AG, Ludwigshafen, Germany.
  • waxes come as binder materials in question.
  • examples include natural waxes such as beeswax, candelilla, carnauba, montan and paraffin waxes.
  • synthetic waxes such as PE waxes come into consideration.
  • the passivated by subsequent coatings iron effect pigments of the invention are preferably used in water-based paints and outdoor applications.
  • the platelet-shaped iron effect pigments according to the invention with a unique appearance and pronounced color flop from dark metallic to metallic black and with a hitherto unknown tipping effect enable formulations in dark shades with a pronounced metallic appearance.
  • the excellent wetting behavior and the resulting excellent pigment orientation of the iron effect pigments according to the invention produce homogeneous, well-covering and brilliant metal surfaces.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention can advantageously be mixed in the application medium with conventional color pigments or dyes.
  • the conventional color pigments usually have average particle sizes of 0.05 to 5 microns and include both inorganic and organic pigments.
  • inorganic color pigments color, black and white pigments can be used.
  • Typical organic pigments are colored and black pigments.
  • Suitable organic pigments are, for example:
  • Anthanthrone pigments Cl. Pigment Red 168; Anthraquinone pigments: Cl. Pigment Yellow 147, 177 and 199;
  • Anthrapyrimidine pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 108; Quinacridone pigments: Cl. Pigment Orange 48 and 49;
  • Quinophthalone pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 138; Diketopyrrolopyrrole pigments: Cl. Pigment Orange 7 1, 73 and 81;
  • Isoindolinone pigments Cl. Pigment Yellow 109, 110 and 173;
  • Isoviolanthrone pigments Cl. Pigment Violet 31;
  • Metal complex pigments Cl. Pigment Red 257; C. Pigment Yellow 117, 129, 150, 153 and 177;
  • Phthalocyanine pigments Cl. Pigment Blue 15, 15: 1, 15: 2, 15: 3, 15: 4, 15: 6 and 16;
  • Triaryl carbonium pigments Cl. Pigment Blue 1, 6 1 and 62; C
  • Suitable inorganic pigments are:
  • White pigments titanium dioxide (CI Pigment White 6), zinc white, colored zinc oxide; Zinc sulfide, lithopone; Black pigments: iron oxide black (CI Pigment Black 11), iron manganese black, spinel black (CI Pigment Black 27); Carbon black (C.I. Pigment Black 7);
  • Pigment Red 108 Cerium sulphide (CI Pigment Red 265); Molybdate red (CI Pigment Red 104); ultramarine; Iron oxide brown (CI Pigment Brown 6 and 7), mixed brown, spinel and corundum phases (CI Pigment Brown 29, 3 1, 33, 34, 35, 37, 39 and 40), Chromititangelb (CI ..
  • Pigment Brown 24 chrome orange; Cerium sulphide (CI Pigment Orange 75); Iron oxide yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 42); Nickel titanium yellow (CI Pigment Yellow 53, CI Pigment Yellow 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164 and 189); Chromium titanium yellow; Spinel phases (CI Pigment Yellow 119); Cadmium sulfide and cadmium zinc sulfide (CI Pigment Yellow 37 and 35); Chrome yellow (CI. Pigment Yellow 34); Bismuth vanadate (CI Pigment Yellow 184).
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention with the new color structure of dark, but highly lustrous iron are in coatings (coatings), paints, varnishes, printing inks, powder coatings, plastics and cosmetic formulations as well as magnetic or magnetizable metallic effect pigments in securities and security printing (security printing) and can be used advantageously as a reflector material in multilayer effect pigments.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention can be arranged in the application medium along the magnetic field lines to form unique effects with beautiful depth effect and three-dimensionality by using permanent magnets or electromagnets.
  • Hologram-like and cinematographic structures can be generated. Such structures are in particular demand for security printing applications, but also for coatings such as automotive interior coatings.
  • the iron-effect pigments according to the invention have an even better orientability in the magnetic field than the magnetic pigments known in the prior art. Due to their more uniform thickness distribution, this leads to an even stronger contrast of the differently oriented pigments in the magnetic field.
  • iron effect pigments according to the invention are used as effect pigments in coatings, paints, lacquers, printing inks, powder coatings, plastics, securities and security printing, cosmetics and reflector material in the production of multilayered effect pigments.
  • iron effect pigments according to the invention are used as magnetically orientable effect pigments in coatings, paints, lacquers, printing inks, powder coatings, plastics, securities and security printing or cosmetic applications.
  • cosmetic formulations in particular nail varnishes are preferred.
  • nail varnishes disclosed in US 2006/0088484 A1, which is hereby incorporated by reference, may be mentioned.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention are particularly advantageously usable in conventional finishes, for example in the field of consumer electronics, automotive interior design or for furniture design.
  • they can also be used in functional paints, for example for the reflection of thermal radiation.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention are distinguished by very good resistance to chemicals, light and weather. In addition, they can surprisingly be handled and processed like conventional metallic effect pigments, regardless of the low pigment thicknesses.
  • the invention relates to a coated article containing or having the iron effect pigments according to the invention.
  • the iron effect pigments according to the invention are used in printing inks.
  • This may be a liquid ink such as gravure, flexo, screen or intaglio ink.
  • Another object of the invention is a printing ink containing the iron effect pigments according to the invention, in particular a liquid printing ink such as gravure, flexographic or screen printing ink.
  • Such gravure, flexographic or screen printing inks contain solvents or solvent mixtures. These serve u.a. for dissolving the binders, but also for adjusting important application properties of the printing inks, such as the viscosity or the drying rate.
  • Solvents used for liquid printing inks such as flexographic and gravure inks include, in particular, low-boiling solvents.
  • the boiling point is usually not more than 140 0 C.
  • Higher-boiling solvents are only in smaller Quantities used to set the drying rate.
  • Screen printing inks are formulated in a similar way to flexographic or gravure printing inks, they are only slightly more viscous and usually have solvents with slightly higher boiling points.
  • suitable solvents for liquid printing inks include ethanol, 1-propanol or 2-propanol, substituted alcohols such as ethoxypropanol or esters such as ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, n-propyl or n-butyl acetate. It is of course also possible to use mixtures of different solvents. For example, it may be a mixture of ethanol and esters such as ethyl acetate or propyl acetate. For printing with flexographic printing plates, it is regularly recommended that the proportion of esters in the total solvent does not exceed approx. 20-25% by weight. As solvents for liquid printing inks, preference is also given to using water or predominantly aqueous solvent mixtures.
  • Radiation-curable inks generally do not contain the abovementioned solvents, but reactive diluents.
  • Reactive diluents typically perform a dual function. On the one hand, they serve for crosslinking or hardening of the printing ink, but on the other hand they also serve as conventional solvents for adjusting the viscosity Examples include butyl acrylate, (2-ethylhexyl) acrylate, and especially polyfunctional ones Acrylates such as 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol di (meth) acrylate or trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate.
  • binders for the metallic printing inks it is possible in principle to use the binders customary for liquid printing inks. Depending on the desired application and the desired properties, the skilled person will make a suitable choice.
  • suitable binders include Polyesters, polyamides, PVC copolymers, aliphatic and aromatic ketone resins, melamine-urea resins, melamine-formaldehyde resins, maleinates, rosin derivatives, oase-in or casein derivatives, ethylcellulose, nitrocellulose or aromatic or aliphatic polyurethanes.
  • polymers or copolymers of vinyl acetate, vinyl alcohol, acrylates, methacrylates, vinylpyrrolidone or vinyl acetals It is particularly advantageous to use hyperbranched polymers having functional groups, for example hyperbranched polyurethanes, polyureas or polyesteramides, as disclosed by WO 02/36695 and WO 02/36697. It is of course also possible to use mixtures of different polymeric binders, provided that the selected binders have no undesired properties in combination with one another. The amount of all binders is usually 5-40% by weight with respect to the sum of all constituents of the printing ink.
  • binders include, for example, nitrocellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, acrylates, polyvinyl butyrals and also aliphatic and aromatic polyurethanes and polyureas, in particular hyperbranched polyurethanes and polyureas and also mixtures thereof.
  • Suitable binders for water-dilutable metallic printing inks are, in particular, copolymers based on (meth) acrylic acid and / or their esters with styrene. Such binders are commercially available as solutions or dispersions for use in printing inks, for example under the name Zinpol® (Worlee). Other examples include aromatic or aliphatic aqueous polyurethanes, polyesters, and aqueous polyamides.
  • Binders preferred for pasty inks include, for example, rosins or modified rosins.
  • modified rosin resins comprise, with polyols such as, for example, glycerol or pentaerythritol, completely or partially esterified rosin resins.
  • Radiation curable inks include binders comprising crosslinkable groups, such as olefinic groups, vinyl ether or epoxide groups.
  • crosslinkable groups such as olefinic groups, vinyl ether or epoxide groups.
  • the sum of the binders (including reactive diluents) is usually in a range of 30-90% by weight of all components of the printing ink.
  • the iron effect pigment printing inks according to the invention can furthermore comprise one or more auxiliaries or additives.
  • additives and auxiliaries are fillers such as calcium carbonate, alumina hydrate or aluminum or magnesium silicate.
  • Waxes increase the abrasion resistance and serve to increase the lubricity. Examples are in particular polyethylene waxes, oxidized polyethylene waxes, petroleum waxes or ceresin waxes. Fatty acid amides can be used to increase the surface smoothness. Plasticizers serve to increase the elasticity of the dried film.
  • at least one photoinitiator or a photoinitiator system is furthermore used as additive. Dispersing aids can be used to disperse the effect pigments.
  • fatty acids By means of fatty acids, a floating of the effect pigments in the printed layer can be achieved, so that the pigments are enriched in at the upper boundary surface of the printing layer. As a result, advantageously improved metallic effects can be achieved. Furthermore, anti-settling agents can also be added. Such additives prevent the sedimentation of the effect pigments. Examples include silicic acid, cellulose derivatives or waxes.
  • the addition of anti-settling agents is usually recommended, although not always essential.
  • the total amount of all additives and auxiliaries should usually not exceed 20% by weight with respect to the sum of all constituents of the printing ink and is preferably 0.1-10% by weight.
  • the preparation of the metallic printing inks according to the invention can be carried out in a manner known in principle by intensive mixing or dispersion of the constituents in customary apparatuses, for example dissolvers or stirrers.
  • dissolvers the person skilled in the art will make sure that the energy input is not too high in order to avoid damaging the metallic effect pigments of the invention. Conversely, it must of course be so high to allow proper dispersion of the pigments.
  • customary color pigments are used It may be advisable to pre-disperse these in part or in the total amount of the solvent, binder and optionally the auxiliaries of the metallic printing ink, and add the iron effect pigments according to the invention later.
  • predispersed pigment concentrates can also be added.
  • a commercially available printing ink in small quantities can also be used particularly elegantly, provided that the added printing ink is compatible with the formulation of the metallic printing ink and does not impair its properties.
  • the milling product emptied from the mill was washed out with white spirit and separated from the grinding balls by sieving (40 ⁇ m).
  • the sieve passage was largely freed from white spirit by means of a suction filter.
  • 40 g of pigment paste together with 150 g of white spirit and 0.9 g of oleic acid in a pot mill (length: 32 cm, width: 19 cm) filled.
  • 15 hours were milled with 3 kg of steel balls (diameter: 0.8 mm) at 38 rpm.
  • the milling product emptied from the mill was washed out with white spirit and separated from the grinding balls by sieving (25 ⁇ m).
  • the screenings were largely freed from white spirit by means of a suction filter and then pasted with white spirit in a laboratory mixer (about 65% solids content).
  • Example 2 A mixture of 60 g of reduced "carbonyl iron powder SM" (see Example 1) from BASF AG Ludwigshafen and 90 g of white spirit and 6.0 g of oleic acid was placed in a pot mill (length: 32 cm, width: 19 cm) and the mill closed. Subsequently, it was ground for 24 hours with 2 kg of steel balls (diameter: 0.8 mm) at 45 rpm. The milling product emptied from the mill was washed out with white spirit and separated from the grinding balls by sieving (25 ⁇ m). The screenings were largely freed from white spirit by means of a suction filter and then pasted with white spirit in a laboratory mixer (about 65% solids content).
  • the milling product emptied from the mill was washed out with white spirit and separated from the grinding balls by sieving (25 ⁇ m).
  • the screenings were largely freed from white spirit by means of a suction filter and then pasted with white spirit in a laboratory mixer (about 65% solids content).
  • the resulting effect pigments show a pronounced metallic luster and the magnetic permeability of soft iron powder.
  • inventive and conventional iron effect pigments obtained from conventional wet milling each of which was in the form of a paste or filter cake, were each first washed with acetone and then dried out.
  • the cumulative distribution curve was calculated on the basis of the relative frequencies. Each 100 particles were counted.
  • the cumulative weight distributions of the thickness distribution of the examples according to the invention and of comparative example 5 are shown in FIG.
  • Statistical analyzes showed that the total cycle curve from 75 to 100 particles for the pigments of the invention and conventional pigments from the wet grinding was substantially constant.
  • the many smaller particle thicknesses of the total particle distributions of the examples according to the invention can be clearly seen in comparison with Ferricon 200.
  • the measured values were each fitted with a log normal function.
  • Table 1 shows the physical characteristics of the iron effect pigments according to the invention in comparison to commercially traded iron effect pigments "Ferricon 200" from Eckart on the basis of the dio, dso and dgo values of the size distribution (Cilas) and the characteristic values hio, h 50 and h 9 o and the calculated thickness values of the thickness measurement from SEM investigations.
  • the hio, h 50 and h 90 values were calculated from the original data (quantum function in an ecxel program).
  • Laser granulometer (Cilas 1064, Cilas, France) determined and selected as a measure of the mean longitudinal extent of the d 5 o value of the cumulative weight distribution in microns.
  • Table 1 show that the iron effect pigments according to the invention each have a lower average value h 50 of the thickness distribution and above all a lower h 2 value than the commercially available product of Comparative Example 5 (Ferricon 200).
  • Tab. 2 shows the hiding power of the platelet-shaped iron effect pigments according to the invention in comparison with commercially traded iron pigments "Ferricon 200" from Eckart.
  • the hiding power is shown on the basis of the difference in brightness at an angle of incidence of 45 ° and an observation angle of 110 ° on the basis of squeegee prints on contrast board in CeIMt paint.
  • The% data in the table are wt .-%, each based on the total weight of the paint.
  • the table values substantiate the significantly higher hiding power of the iron effect pigments according to the invention in comparison to the commercially traded iron pigments "Ferricon 200" from Eckart in the application medium.
  • the improved hiding power is mainly due to the smaller thickness of the pigments.
  • Gravure ink incorporated.
  • the gravure ink had a commercially available one
  • the viscosity was set at 20 seconds in the DIN-4 Auslaufbechere.
  • Pigmentation level was about 16 - 17 wt .-% iron effect pigment based on the total formulation.
  • the gravure inks of Examples 6 - 10 were used for so-called backside applications (mirror applications). These were produced by printing a MELINEX 400 film (PET film, 50 ⁇ m) with a gravure ink. To apply the gravure ink a doctor blade with a groove depth of 24 ⁇ m was used.
  • the backside applications were optically characterized by a gloss measurement at 20 ° in accordance with DIN 67 530 (device: micro-TRI-gloss from Byk-Gardner, D-82538 Geretsried, Germany). Calibration was done by dark calibration and a black mirror glass plate with values of 92 for 20 °.
  • the brightness measurements were carried out with a device of the company X-Rite (light source: D65, 10 ° normal observer)
  • the iron effect pigments of the examples according to the invention have a higher gloss throughout than Ferricon 200.
  • the flop index is also higher.
  • the brightness value L * n O ° is extremely low at an observation angle of 110 ° and assumes values below 6 only. Such surfaces are subjectively perceived as practically black.
  • the iron effect pigments of the examples according to the invention therefore have a very metallic luster and at the same time a very high brightness flop. At steep angles of incidence and / or observation, the applications appear dark to black. Subjectively, this is perceived as a very attractive "dark flop".
  • iron effect pigments of the invention are new effect pigments with hitherto unknown, very attractive coloristic properties.
  • the only pigments with similar properties are known from DE 10 2007 007908 A1. However, these pigments are accessible only through the much more expensive PVD process.
  • the new, unique optical properties of the iron pigments of the invention are due to their small thickness. Not only the averages of the thickness (hso) are decisive, but above all, that in the total thickness distribution no too thick pigments are present. This can be expressed by the hgo value of the thickness distribution.
  • the pigments apparently tend to spontaneously combine in the application medium to form a closed metal pigment film.
  • This behavior is known in aluminum pigments from the PVD pigments and is described, inter alia, in J. Seubert and A. Fetz, "PVD Aluminum Pigments: Superior Brillance for Coatings and Graphic Arts", Coatings Journal, Vol. 84, A6 225-264, July 2001, pages 240-245.
  • Thicker pigments disturb this order and, because of their bulkiness, can disturb the orientation of other pigments. This is then accompanied by corresponding loss of gloss and a loss of brilliance.
  • the product In common gassing tests, the product has excellent gassing stability and is thus well suited for waterborne paint systems.
  • reaction mixture several times with 250ml of a 5% VE-H 2 0 / butyl glycol solution until no yellowing of the supernatant solution occurs more.
  • the product is then filtered off on a suction filter and washed with plenty of water.
  • the product In common gassing tests, the product has excellent gassing stability and is thus well suited for waterborne paint systems.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
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EP09753660A 2008-05-26 2009-05-26 Pigments de fer en minces plaquettes, procédé pour leur fabrication, et leur utilisation Withdrawn EP2185657A1 (fr)

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EP08009556A EP2157138B1 (fr) 2008-05-26 2008-05-26 Pigments de fer fins, en forme de paillettes, leur procédé de fabrication et leur utilisation
PCT/EP2009/003727 WO2009144005A1 (fr) 2008-05-26 2009-05-26 Pigments de fer en minces plaquettes, procédé pour leur fabrication, et leur utilisation
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DE502008001905D1 (de) 2011-01-05
US8709146B2 (en) 2014-04-29
EP2157138B1 (fr) 2010-11-24
US20110048276A1 (en) 2011-03-03
EP2157138A1 (fr) 2010-02-24
JP2011521090A (ja) 2011-07-21
WO2009144005A1 (fr) 2009-12-03
ATE489435T1 (de) 2010-12-15

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