EP2293688A2 - Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer - Google Patents

Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer

Info

Publication number
EP2293688A2
EP2293688A2 EP09747411A EP09747411A EP2293688A2 EP 2293688 A2 EP2293688 A2 EP 2293688A2 EP 09747411 A EP09747411 A EP 09747411A EP 09747411 A EP09747411 A EP 09747411A EP 2293688 A2 EP2293688 A2 EP 2293688A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ara
smolt
epa
salmon
feed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09747411A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2293688A4 (fr
Inventor
Moti Harel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Advanced Bionutrtion Corp
Original Assignee
Advanced Bionutrtion Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Advanced Bionutrtion Corp filed Critical Advanced Bionutrtion Corp
Publication of EP2293688A2 publication Critical patent/EP2293688A2/fr
Publication of EP2293688A4 publication Critical patent/EP2293688A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
    • A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/80—Feeding devices
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K10/20—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin
    • A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23K—FODDER
    • A23K20/00—Accessory food factors for animal feeding-stuffs
    • A23K20/10—Organic substances
    • A23K20/158—Fatty acids; Fats; Products containing oils or fats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to salmon smolt feeding, and more specifically, to the enhancement of growth performance of the salmon smolt when transferring from fresh water hatcheries to salt water environment by introducing a feeding regime with increased levels of arachidonic acid (ARA) prior to such sea water transfer to increase the ratio of ARA to eicosapentanoic acid (EPA) to at least 0.9 in gill and/or kidney tissue of the salmon smolt at the stage of sea water transfer.
  • ARA arachidonic acid
  • EPA eicosapentanoic acid
  • a critical stage of current salmon farming practice is the transfer of smolts from freshwater hatcheries to ocean net pens when they have attained a critical size of approximately 70-110 grams body weight (for reviews see: (Eddy 1981; Bley and Moring 1988; Bakke, Bjerknes et al. 1991; Jonsson, Hansen et al. 1993).
  • the newly placed smolt in the ocean net pens do not grow optimally during their first 40-60 day interval in seawater because of the presence of osmotic stress that delays their feeding (Salminen, Erkamo et al. 2001).
  • HSPs Heat shock proteins
  • the present invention provides for farmed raised salmon smolt using standard aquaculture practices and further defined by a specific fatty acid composition of the gills of the raised salmon smolt that comprise an ARA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.9 and that subsequently grow faster and are more resistant to stress associated with the transfer from fresh to sea water.
  • One aspect of the present invention provides for a method of feeding farm raised salmon smolt and/or parr to prepare same for the transition from a fresh to salt water habitat, the method comprising: providing a smolt/parr feed composition comprising ARA and EPA wherein the ratio of ARA to EPA is at least 0.2; and administering the feed composition to the smolt/parr for at least 7 weeks prior to the transfer from fresh to sea water habitat, and more preferably from about 10 to 15 weeks prior to such transfer thereby providing for smolt salmon having an ARA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.9 in gill and/or kidney tissue at the time of transfer.
  • Such feed may comprise conventional ingredients well known to those with experience in salmon aquaculture and preferably contain ARA at levels of from 2% to 5% of total fatty acids while maintaining EPA levels from 5% to 10% of total fatty acids.
  • the feed composition may comprises, fish meal, fish oil lipid components, and/or microalgal oil or microalgal biomass containing long chain fatty acids such as ARA, EPA and DHA. Further, the feed comprises a DHA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.5.
  • Another aspect of the present invention provides for a feed wherein the proportion between ARA and EPA in the lipids is sufficient to increase the ARA proportion in gill and kidney tissues of smolt to at least a level that matches the levels of EPA.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention provides for a method to increase levels of heat shock proteins for enhanced adaptation of hyperosmotic stress in smolt salmon after transfer from fresh to salt water habitat, the method comprising: providing a smolt/parr feed composition wherein the feed composition comprises ARA and EPA and wherein the ratio of ARA to EPA is at least 0.2, and more preferably a ratio of at least 0.5 to 2; and administering the feed composition to the smolt/parr for at least 7 weeks prior to the transfer from fresh to sea water habitat, and more preferably from about 10 to 15 weeks prior to such transfer thereby providing for smolt having at least twice the levels of heat shock proteins relative to smolt consuming a feed lacking a ratio of ARA to EPA of at least 0.2.
  • a still further aspect of the present invention relates to a method of feeding smolt salmon before transfer of the smolt salmon from fresh to salt water habitat, the method comprising: providing smolt salmon having a fish weight of about 30 g; feeding the smolt salmon a feed containing a balanced proportion of ARA/EPA of at least 0.2 for at least 4 weeks prior to the transfer of from fresh to salt water habitat or until the smolt salmon reaches the weight of 100 g.
  • the transferred smolt salmon are fed the feed containing a balanced proportion of ARA/EPA of at least 0.2 for additional 30 days after the sea water transfer.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a smolt salmon having a weight of approximately 80 to 110 grams and having an ARA/EPA ratio of greater than 0.9 in gill and/or kidney tissue.
  • the gill and/or kidney tissue is tested for an ARA/EPA ratio level greater than 0.9 in the 10 day period before transfer from the fresh to salt water environment.
  • Yet another aspect relates to a feed comprising fish meal or fish oil substantially balanced by the addition of ARA.
  • the term “smolt” is used to describe a salmon fingerling that is cultured in fresh water and is about to transfer to seawater.
  • the term "parr” is used to describe a salmon fingerling that is undergoing physiological changes that result in visible morphological and behavior changes known as smoltification.
  • Salmon aquaculture typically involves the raising of salmon fry in freshwater followed by their transfer to sea water where they are grown to a commercial size on diets containing predominantly fish meal and fish oil. During the freshwater to sea water transition (i.e., smoltification), the fish are under a high degree of stress and grow poorly and are susceptible to disease.
  • Tissues of the salmon have an osmolality of about 5-7 parts per thousand (ppt).
  • ppt parts per thousand
  • salmon eggs are hatched in fresh water (ca. 2-4 ppt) and the salmon fry matures into a parr that then must go through the smoltification process of gradual increases in salinity up to full strength seawater (ca. 25-28 ppt) prior to stocking seawater pens for the grow-out phase of the commercial process. This transition period is very stressful on the fish and results in reduced growth rates and increases in disease susceptibility.
  • Conventional salmon aquaculture feeds are rich in fish oil (ca. up to 25% by weight) which itself is rich in EPA.
  • the present invention has shown that surprisingly the addition of a certain long chain omega-6 lipid, that being ARA, to the diet of pre-smolt fish allows these animals to pass through this process with a minimal impact on growth and disease sensitivity.
  • the net result is a significant improvement of growth and shortening the time to reach market size.
  • Such an invention can significantly improve the economics of commercial salmon production.
  • ARA can be produced by the elongation and desaturation of omega-6 fatty acid precursors such as linoleic acid.
  • EPA can be produced by the elongation and desaturation of omega-3 precursors such as linolenic acid.
  • omega-6 precursors to ARA is antagonized by long chain omega-3 fatty acids, such as EPA and its eicosanoid derivatives (Bell, Castell et al. 1995).
  • the enzymatic conversion of omega-3 precursors to EPA is antagonized by ARA and its eicosanoid derivatives.
  • DHA long chain omega-3 fatty acids
  • the present invention with the results shown herein provide evidence that when the ratio of the essential fatty acids ARA and EPA in gill and kidney tissues are greater than 0.9, the fish can more efficiently pass through the smolting process. Further, the present invention shows that this fatty acid balance can be modulated only by the addition of dietary ARA and in a preferred embodiment this is in conjunction with the provision of dietary long-chain omega-3 fatty acids in a condition where the maximal amount of DHA can be provided with the minimum of EPA (i.e. DHA/EPA ratio greater than one).
  • Sources of ARA and its esters may include ARA-containing microbial oils or biomass (Barclay 2008), ARA containing algal oils or biomass (Kyle 2005). ARA extracts from animal byproducts such as brain or liver (Abril and Wills 2008), ARA from recombinant plants or microbes (Chen 2008) or ARA from egg yolk. Sources or DHA and its esters that have minimal levels of EPA and its esters include micoralgal oils and their biomass (Bailey, Dimasi et al. 2008), recombinant microbial products (Chen 2008; Metz, Weaver et al.
  • Example 1 Preparation of salmon smolt feed containing ARA/EPA ratio of at least 0.2.
  • a standard commercial diet for smolt (commercially available as starter feed from Ziegler Bros, PA with 2 and 3 mm pellets) was analyzed for its EPA content. Then the same starter feed was enhanced according to the methods of the present invention by top coating the pellets with ARA oil (40% ARA, Martek BioSci. Columbia, MD) to adjust the ARA/EPA ratio in the diet to at least 0.2.
  • Table 1 provides the fatty acid composition (% of total fatty acids) of a standard commercial diet and diet of the present invention.
  • Example 2 Feeding schedule of salmon smolt the feed of the present invention.
  • Each diet was assigned to two tanks containing 120 fish in each starting average size of 30 g. Smoltification was induced when the fish reached an average weight of 85g. Fish were then transferred to sea water and continue feeding for additional 4 weeks.
  • Table 2 shows the ARA and EPA levels in salmon smolt at the stage of sea water transfer that fed standard diet or diet of the present invention.
  • Example 3 Growth of salmon smolt fed the diet of the present invention in sea water.
  • Example 4 The effect of the diet of the present invention on expression of heat shock protein 90.
  • qRT-PCR Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Salminen, M., E. Erkamo, et al. (2001). "Diet of post-smolt and one-sea-winter Atlantic salmon, in the Bothnian Sea, Northern Baltic.” Journal of Fish Biology 58: 16-35.

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Insects & Arthropods (AREA)
  • Birds (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
  • Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Material From Animals Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un saumoneau comprenant un rapport acide arachidonique (ARA) sur acide eicosapentaénoïque (EPA) d'un ou plus, spécifiquement dans des tissus de branchie et de rein. L'invention porte sur un additif alimentaire contenant ARA et sur son utilisation dans une quantité suffisante pour équilibrer la quantité en excès de EPA provenant des huiles marines utilisées dans l'alimentation standard pour saumon. L'invention porte également sur un procédé pour moduler le rapport ARA/EPA de branchie et de rein en faveur de ARA. Un saumoneau de la présente invention démontre une récupération de croissance supérieure et une résistance au stress supérieure après leur transfert en eau de mer.
EP09747411A 2008-05-13 2009-05-13 Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer Withdrawn EP2293688A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5280208P 2008-05-13 2008-05-13
PCT/US2009/043698 WO2009140327A2 (fr) 2008-05-13 2009-05-13 Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2293688A2 true EP2293688A2 (fr) 2011-03-16
EP2293688A4 EP2293688A4 (fr) 2011-05-25

Family

ID=41319302

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09747411A Withdrawn EP2293688A4 (fr) 2008-05-13 2009-05-13 Rapport ara/epa équilibré dans des tissus de branchie et de rein de saumon pour améliorer une performance en eau de mer

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2293688A4 (fr)
CL (1) CL2009001164A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2009140327A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111278294A (zh) * 2017-09-06 2020-06-12 昆虫公司 用于防止或减少饲养过程中鱼类应激的昆虫粉末

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WO2007079147A2 (fr) 2005-12-28 2007-07-12 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Véhicule de délivrance pour bactéries probiotiques, comprenant une matrice sèche en polysaccharides, saccharides et polyols sous forme de verre, et son procédé de préparation
US8968721B2 (en) 2005-12-28 2015-03-03 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Delivery vehicle for probiotic bacteria comprising a dry matrix of polysaccharides, saccharides and polyols in a glass form and methods of making same
EP2117354B1 (fr) 2006-12-18 2018-08-08 Advanced BioNutrition Corp. Produit alimentaire sec contenant un probiotique vivant
WO2010111565A2 (fr) 2009-03-27 2010-09-30 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Vaccins microparticulaires utilisables pour procéder à une vaccination et à des rappels par voie orale ou nasale chez les animaux, dont les poissons
EP2435554B1 (fr) 2009-05-26 2017-07-26 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Composition de poudre sèche stable comprenant des micro-organismes biologiquement actifs et/ou des matériaux bioactifs et procédés de fabrication
US9504750B2 (en) 2010-01-28 2016-11-29 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Stabilizing composition for biological materials
PL2529004T3 (pl) 2010-01-28 2017-12-29 Advanced Bionutrition Corporation Sucha szklista kompozycja zawierająca bioaktywny materiał
WO2012021686A1 (fr) * 2010-08-11 2012-02-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Produits améliorés à base de chair d'animaux d'aquaculture
EP2603094A1 (fr) * 2010-08-11 2013-06-19 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Stratégie d'alimentation durable utilisable en aquaculture
AR082682A1 (es) 2010-08-13 2012-12-26 Advanced Bionutrition Corp Composicion estabilizadora de almacenamiento en seco para materiales biologicos
EP3075261A1 (fr) 2015-03-31 2016-10-05 Universidad De Santiago De Chile Formulation d'un complément alimentaire d'un extrait d'hypericum perforatum et rosmarinus officinalis (ro) ou d'un mélange des deux, qui améliore les barrières d'antioxydants endogènes, augmente le gain de poids dans l'élevage de poissons, et prolonge la durée de vie des poissons d'élevage affectés par des événements stressants et réduit une infection pathogène
US12558395B2 (en) 2015-07-29 2026-02-24 Advanced Bionutrition Corp. Stable dry probiotic compositions for special dietary uses
MY194231A (en) 2015-07-29 2022-11-23 Advanced Bionutrition Corp Stable dry probiotic compositions for special dietary uses
CN116138354B (zh) * 2023-03-27 2025-05-27 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 一种仔稚鱼开口饲料的营养强化剂及应用

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111278294A (zh) * 2017-09-06 2020-06-12 昆虫公司 用于防止或减少饲养过程中鱼类应激的昆虫粉末

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CL2009001164A1 (es) 2010-04-09
WO2009140327A2 (fr) 2009-11-19
WO2009140327A3 (fr) 2010-03-11
EP2293688A4 (fr) 2011-05-25

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