EP2303997B1 - Luftfahrtkraftstoff für kolbenmotoren eines flugzeugs und herstellungsverfahren dafür - Google Patents

Luftfahrtkraftstoff für kolbenmotoren eines flugzeugs und herstellungsverfahren dafür Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2303997B1
EP2303997B1 EP09794052.2A EP09794052A EP2303997B1 EP 2303997 B1 EP2303997 B1 EP 2303997B1 EP 09794052 A EP09794052 A EP 09794052A EP 2303997 B1 EP2303997 B1 EP 2303997B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
volume
aviation
bases
equal
isopentane
Prior art date
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2303997A1 (de
Inventor
Pascale Demoment
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TotalEnergies Marketing Services SA
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Total Marketing Services SA
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1608—Well defined compounds, e.g. hexane, benzene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/10—Liquid carbonaceous fuels containing additives
    • C10L1/14—Organic compounds
    • C10L1/16—Hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/1616—Hydrocarbons fractions, e.g. lubricants, solvents, naphta, bitumen, tars, terpentine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G OR C10K; LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS; USE OF ADDITIVES TO FUELS OR FIRES; FIRE-LIGHTERS
    • C10L2300/00—Mixture of two or more additives covered by the same group of C10L1/00 - C10L1/308
    • C10L2300/30—Mixture of three components

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition of aviation gasoline (AVGAS) lead-free and oxygen-free, for aircraft with piston or reciprocating engines.
  • the subject of the present invention is an unleaded aviation gasoline with an octane number MON F2 greater than or equal to 91 and having very good combustion characteristics.
  • Aviation gasoline is a carefully crafted product subject to stringent regulations that go hand in hand with any aeronautical application.
  • the refinery preparation, aviation gasolines is carried out with bases characterized by both a narrow distillation range and high octane numbers.
  • bases are generally constituted by alkylates, reformates and / or isopentane sections, the latter being used in low concentration because of their high volatility.
  • the engine octane number or MON is determined relative to the slightly lean mixture operation (cruising speed).
  • the refiner generally proceeds, at the stage of manufacturing aviation gasoline, with the addition of an organic lead compound, and more particularly tetraethyl lead (TEP).
  • TEP tetraethyl lead
  • government authorities tend to lower the lead content, or even to remove this additive, because of its harmful nature for the environment and health.
  • the reduction and elimination of lead from the aviation gasoline composition become an objective to be achieved in the short and medium term.
  • EP 540 297 and EP 609 089 propose adding methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) to aviation gasoline as a substitute for lead.
  • MMT methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl
  • EP 609 089 described are lead-free aviation gasolines based on alkylates, in which an ether such as ETBE or MTBE is added as well as 0.4 to 0.5 g / gallon of manganese in the form of cyclopentadienyl manganese compounds. tricarbonyl.
  • an ether such as ETBE or MTBE
  • MTBE MTBE
  • the problem of the invention was not discussed since the gasoline described is not an AVGAS type base: it comprises alkylates, but does not include reformates or isomerate compounds.
  • EP 697,033 a lead-free aviation gasoline consisting of isopentane, alkylate, toluene of MON between 90 and 93 additivated with 4 to 20% of an aromatic amine to obtain a gasoline MON more than or equal to 98.
  • EP 910617 discloses a mixture of aromatic amine and alkyltertiobutylether, and optionally a manganese compound which is added to a broad-boiling alkylate constituting aviation gasoline.
  • a lead-free aviation gasoline comprising a hydrocarbon compound which may be triptane associated with at least one saturated, liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon compound (4 to 10 ° C) and further comprising an alkyl ether (the base thus obtained is not an AVGAS base).
  • MMT Methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl
  • EP 1 359 207 discloses a composition of unleaded automotive gasoline MON between 80 and 98 containing from 5 to 25% by volume triptane and / or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane, from 5 to 15% by olefins, from 15 to 35% of aromatics and 40 to 65% of C4-C12 paraffins.
  • EP 1 224 247 describes a lead-free gasoline usable in particular as aviation fuel of MON of at least 80, of RON between 90 and 115 containing a C8-C12 alkane with at least 4 branches methyl and / or ethyl.
  • the preferred species further comprises triptane and / or 2,2,3-trimethylpentane.
  • WO 04/044106 discloses unleaded aviation gasoline compositions of MON ranging from 92 to 98 and containing 10 to 90% by volume of at least one trimethylpentane and at least one C4-C5 paraffin.
  • An example of a gasoline composition according to the invention of MON 95 comprises 59% of isooctane, 8% of toluene, Isopentane 24% by volume of alkylate and 16% of alkylate fraction other than isooctane.
  • DE 197 44 109 discloses an unleaded gasoline composition for 2 and 4 stroke engines comprising 70-85% by volume of C 8 isoparaffins, 17-19% by volume of C 5 isoparaffins, 2-4% of C 6 isoparaffins and preferably not more than 0.5% aromatics and 0.1% benzene. This reference does not specify whether this gasoline may be suitable as aviation gasoline.
  • WO 00/77130 discloses a composition of aviation fuels.
  • the invention aims at a novel composition of lead-free aviation gasoline, intended for aircraft with reciprocating or reciprocating engines, made from bases hydrocarbon products generally available in a petroleum refinery, having a high octane number.
  • the invention aims in particular aviation gasolines whose characteristics of PCI (lower heating value), vapor pressure (TV) and distillation cup, meet the specifications for aviation gasoline grades described in ASTM D910- 07, except lead content and engine performance.
  • the subject of the invention is an aviation gasoline composition as defined in claim 1.
  • the aviation gasoline composition according to the invention can be obtained simply and economically from a mixture of hydrocarbon bases usually available in the refinery.
  • the invention firstly relates to an aviation gasoline composition defined in claim 1.
  • This composition presents a MON greater than or equal to 91, preferably greater than or equal to 92, and less than or equal to 95, an RON greater than or equal to 95, preferably greater than or equal to 96, advantageously greater than or equal to 98, and less than or equal to 100, an ICP greater than or equal to 43.4, preferably greater than or equal to 43.5, and advantageously greater than or equal to 43.53 MJ / kg, a vapor pressure at 37.8 ° C preferably varying between 38 and 49 kPa, preferably between 38.6 and 48.4 kPa
  • the aviation gasoline composition according to the invention comprises from 14 to 22% by volume of isopentane, from 30 to 40% by volume of isooctane, from 8 to 20% by volume of aromatics, of which 4 to 9% by volume of toluene.
  • the aviation gasoline composition according to the invention comprises from 20 to 22% by volume of isopentane, from 30 to 32% by volume of isooctane, preferably from 31 to 32%, from 15 to 18% by volume of aromatics, preferably 7 to 9% by volume of toluene.
  • the subject of the invention is also a process for the preparation of the composition defined above.
  • the process according to the invention consists in mixing at least one isopentane cut B1, at least one base of aviation alkylate type B2 and at least one base of aviation reformate type B3.
  • the base Bi is "essentially composed of the compounds ." means that said compounds ... represent at least 70% of the volume of said base Bi.
  • Each base or cup used in the composition of the gasoline according to the invention may have undergone, in all or in part, a desulfurization and / or denitrogenation treatment and possible dearomatization at any stage of its elaboration.
  • bases which have been hydrotreated under more or less severe conditions including hydrosulfuration and / or saturation of aromatic and olefinic compounds and / or hydrodeazotation may be used.
  • the aviation gasoline according to the invention advantageously has a sulfur content (measured according to ASTM standard D1266 or ASTM D2622 ° less than or equal to 500 ppm, preferably less than or equal to 100 ppm, or even lower than or equal to 50 ppm, and even more preferably less than or equal to 10 ppm.
  • the aviation gasoline according to the invention may contain one or more additives, which the person skilled in the art will be able to easily choose from the numerous additives conventionally employed for the species. aviation. These include, but in a way non-limiting additives such as antioxidants, anti-ice, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors / lubricant enhancers, cold properties improvers, tracer additives, dyes, detergents and mixtures thereof.
  • additives such as antioxidants, anti-ice, antistatic additives, corrosion inhibitors / lubricant enhancers, cold properties improvers, tracer additives, dyes, detergents and mixtures thereof.
  • additives are generally incorporated into the gasoline in amounts of less than 1000 ppm.
  • the gasoline will be considered as "without oxygenated compound" according to the definition given above.
  • antioxidants chosen from hindered phenols (such as 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), 2,6-di-t-butyl- phenol and 2,4-di-methyl-6-t-butylphenol) usually used in aviation gasoline.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the composition defined above as an aircraft piston engine fuel.
  • B1 isopentane section
  • B2 aviation alkylate
  • B3 aviation reformate
  • Table 1 B1 isopentane 95 Paraffins in C4 and C5 99.2 olefins 0.8
  • B2 Isoparaffins in C8 ⁇ 85 isooctane 45-55 2,2,3 trimethylpentane ⁇ 5 Isoparaffins C4, C5, C6, C7 and C8 + ⁇ 15 triptane 0.1 N-paraffins C4 to C7 0.8 aromatic - B3 aromatic 94.1
  • Benzene 0.06 Toluene 49 xylenes 29.2 Iso- and n-paraffins C4 to C8 + 4.6 Isoparaffins in C8 0.6
  • Table 2 AT B VS D E B1 (% by volume) 17 10 12 20 18 B2 (% by volume) 64 88 70 62 76 B3 (% by volume) 19 2 18 18 6 Isooctane (% by volume) 31.5 43.4 34.5 30.6 37.4 MON - ASTM D2700 92 92.9 92.6 92.1 92.4 RON 98.3 95.6 98.5 97.9 96.3 LHV (MJ / Kg) -ASTMD4529 43.47 44.41 43.53 43.56 44,17 TV (kPa) 46.3 43.8 38.9 48.1 48

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Luftfahrtkraftstoffzusammensetzung (AVGAZ), welche bleifrei und frei von einer oxygenierten Verbindung ist und Folgendes umfasst:
    14 bis 22 Vol.-% Isopentan (2-Methylbutan),
    30 bis 40 Vol.-% Isooctan (2,2,4-Trimethylpentan),
    8 bis 20 Vol.-% Aromaten, davon 4 bis 9 Vol.-% Toluol, und nicht mehr als 1 % Triptan (2,2,3-Trimethylbutan) und nicht mehr als 4 % 2,2,3-Trimethylpentan enthält.
  2. Luftfahrtkraftstoffzusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, umfassend:
    20 bis 22 Vol.-% Isopentan,
    30 bis 32 Vol.-% Isooctan,
    15 bis 18 Vol.-% Aromaten, welche vorzugsweise 7 bis 9 Vol.-% Toluol umfasst.
  3. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, deren Schwefelgehalt, gemessen nach der Norm ASTM D1266 oder ASTM D2622° ist, kleiner oder gleich 500 ppm, vorzugsweise kleiner oder gleich 100 ppm, sogar noch kleiner oder gleich 50 ppm, und, noch vorteilhafter, kleiner oder gleich 10 ppm.
  4. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, ferner umfassend ein oder mehrere Additive, wie Antioxidantien, Frostschutzmittel, antistatische Additive, Korrosionsinhibitoren/Schmierverbesserer, Mittel zur Verbesserung der Kälteeigenschaften, Tracer-Additive, Farbstoffe, Detergentien und/oder deren Gemische.
  5. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, umfassend das Mischen von:
    - 10 bis 20 Vol.-% mindestens einer Isopentan-Fraktion B1;
    - 62 bis 88 Vol.-% mindestens einer Luftfahrtalkylatbasis B2, die im Wesentlichen aus Isoparaffinen mit 6 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatomen, vorzugsweise mindestens 90 Vol.-% Isoparaffinen mit 6 bis 9 Kohlenstoffatomen besteht;
    - 1 bis 22 Vol.-% mindestens einer Basis vom Luftfahrtreformat-Typ B3, die im Wesentlichen aus Alkylaromaten oder Aromaten besteht.
  6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, gemäß welchem, neben den Basen B1 bis B3, eine oder mehrere andere Basen oder Fraktionen zugesetzt werden, die aus herkömmlichen Raffinierungsvorgängen stammen, und/oder Synthesekohlenwasserstoffe, wie insbesondere jene, die durch Oligomerisierung von Olefinen, durch Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese, durch Verfahren vom Typ BTL (Biomasseverflüssigung), CTL (Kohleverflüssigung) und/oder GTL (Gasverflüssigung) aus Materialien natürlichen und/oder synthetischen Ursprungs, tierischen und/oder pflanzlichen und/oder fossilen Ursprungs erhalten werden.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5 oder 6, gemäß welchem dem Gemisch der Basen B1, B2 und B3 und der einen oder der anderen eventuellen Base, Toluol und/oder Isooctan und/oder Isopentan zugesetzt werden.
  8. Verwendung der Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4 als Kraftstoff für einen Kolbenmotor eines Flugzeugs.
EP09794052.2A 2008-06-30 2009-06-29 Luftfahrtkraftstoff für kolbenmotoren eines flugzeugs und herstellungsverfahren dafür Active EP2303997B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0803654A FR2933102B1 (fr) 2008-06-30 2008-06-30 Essence aviation pour moteurs a pistons d'aeronefs, son procede de preparation
PCT/IB2009/006114 WO2010004395A1 (fr) 2008-06-30 2009-06-29 Essence aviation pour moteurs a pistons d'aéronefs, son procédé de préparation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2303997A1 EP2303997A1 (de) 2011-04-06
EP2303997B1 true EP2303997B1 (de) 2017-03-08

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EP09794052.2A Active EP2303997B1 (de) 2008-06-30 2009-06-29 Luftfahrtkraftstoff für kolbenmotoren eines flugzeugs und herstellungsverfahren dafür

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US8741126B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2303997B1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0915230A2 (de)
CA (1) CA2729662C (de)
ES (1) ES2622178T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2933102B1 (de)
PT (1) PT2303997T (de)
WO (1) WO2010004395A1 (de)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2622178T3 (es) 2017-07-05
PT2303997T (pt) 2017-04-24
EP2303997A1 (de) 2011-04-06
WO2010004395A1 (fr) 2010-01-14
CA2729662A1 (fr) 2010-01-14
FR2933102A1 (fr) 2010-01-01
CA2729662C (fr) 2016-09-20
US20110114536A1 (en) 2011-05-19
US8741126B2 (en) 2014-06-03
BRPI0915230A2 (pt) 2018-06-12
FR2933102B1 (fr) 2010-08-27

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