EP2320189B1 - Procédé de fonctionnement d'un circuit de refroidissement de recirculation doté d'un refroidisseur hybride pour une installation ayant une sortie de chaleur discontinue - Google Patents

Procédé de fonctionnement d'un circuit de refroidissement de recirculation doté d'un refroidisseur hybride pour une installation ayant une sortie de chaleur discontinue Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2320189B1
EP2320189B1 EP10188007.8A EP10188007A EP2320189B1 EP 2320189 B1 EP2320189 B1 EP 2320189B1 EP 10188007 A EP10188007 A EP 10188007A EP 2320189 B1 EP2320189 B1 EP 2320189B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spraying
temperature
circuit
recooling
heat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10188007.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2320189A2 (fr
EP2320189A3 (fr
Inventor
Steffen Kühnert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Fahrenheit GmbH
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Fahrenheit GmbH
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Publication of EP2320189A3 publication Critical patent/EP2320189A3/fr
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F28F27/003Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus specially adapted for cooling towers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/04Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for sorption type machines, plants or systems
    • F25B49/046Operating intermittently
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D5/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation
    • F28D5/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, using the cooling effect of natural or forced evaporation in which the evaporating medium flows in a continuous film or trickles freely over the conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0014Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using absorption or desorption
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25BREFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B17/00Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type
    • F25B17/08Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt
    • F25B17/083Sorption machines, plants or systems, operating intermittently, e.g. absorption or adsorption type the absorbent or adsorbent being a solid, e.g. salt with two or more boiler-sorbers operating alternately

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a recooling circuit with a hybrid cooler for an adsorption refrigerator with an intermittent heat output according to claim 1.
  • Recoolers and recooling circuits are used to dissipate heat from a heat source to the environment.
  • a recooling medium is used to conduct the heat from the heat source to a heat exchange surface that is in thermal contact with the surroundings.
  • the heat is released to the environment either via a dry recooler, in which the recooling medium flows through pipes within the heat exchange surface and thus transfers the heat to the environment, or via a wet cooler, in which the recooling medium, which is predominantly in the form of water, evaporates or evaporates directly , as is the case with a cooling tower, for example.
  • the conventional control of the operation of a hybrid cooler is carried out in such a way that the spraying is started when a certain temperature is established in the supply air or at the outlet of the recooler.
  • a valve is opened and water is continuously sprayed into the supply air flow.
  • the resulting lowering of the temperature in the supply air enables higher heat dissipation in the recooling circuit.
  • Spraying is usually controlled by detecting the temperature at the cooler outlet. This is compared with a specified target value.
  • This control method has the disadvantage that the water consumption during spraying and thus the efficiency of the spraying of the back cooler can only be influenced to a very limited extent.
  • the known control method is designed for continuous spraying. The water consumption is therefore disproportionate, the constant spraying also leads to dirt and lime deposits in the recooler. This further deteriorates the efficiency of the recooling and in turn leads to an additional water consumption during the spraying.
  • control of the spraying of the recooler proves to be variable only to a very limited extent in the currently known methods. For technical reasons, it has a fixed hysteresis, which prevents the spraying from being switched on and off in a timely manner. The entire control process is therefore very sluggish.
  • US 7 021 070 B2 describes a compressor cooling with a cooling subsystem.
  • This is a hybrid cooler with water cooling.
  • a water supply is regulated or controlled depending on the operating parameters of the cooling system.
  • sensors are arranged in the cooling subsystem or in the hybrid cooler. Spraying with water is started when a certain temperature is reached in the supply air or at the outlet of the recooler.
  • the task is to design a recooling circuit with a hybrid cooler in such a way that it is particularly suitable for systems with discontinuous heat emission.
  • the recooling circuit should be particularly suitable for systems in which the heat output changes within comparatively short time cycles.
  • the recooling circuit should have a reduced water consumption during the spraying, increase the efficiency of the recooling and ensure an increased service life of the components present in the recooling circuit, in particular the hybrid cooler itself. In connection with this, the operating and maintenance costs of the recooling circuit and beyond that of the system are to be reduced and optimized.
  • the method for operating a recooling circuit with a hybrid cooler for an adsorption refrigerator with discontinuous heat emission is characterized by spray control of the hybrid cooler with the following method steps:
  • the spray control of the hybrid cooler relates to a working cycle of the adsorption refrigerator, the working cycle being repeated periodically essentially over time:
  • a current operating parameter is continuously recorded within the adsorption refrigerator.
  • the operating parameter recorded in this way is compared with a predetermined first value in a control unit.
  • a spraying device of the hybrid cooler is activated when the predetermined value is reached and / or exceeded by the currently recorded operating parameter until a predetermined second value has been reached and / or fallen below.
  • the spraying device remains activated as long as the relevant operating parameter is exceeded.
  • the spraying device is then deactivated by closing a valve.
  • the valve is open or closed during a fixed interval, so that the hybrid cooler is sprayed at intervals.
  • an operating parameter for example a temperature value
  • an operating parameter for example a temperature value
  • the operation of the spraying device is thus directly related to the operational processes the adsorption chiller and thus coupled with the heat-generating process running there.
  • the spraying device thus reacts directly to the operational processes and thus to the heat generation within the system. This significantly shortens the response times of the control of the spraying device, so that a real discontinuous and / or cyclical operation of the spraying device can be carried out in accordance with the discontinuous heat generation within the adsorption refrigerator.
  • the spraying device thereby reacts in particular to operating cycles occurring within the adsorption refrigerator and is coupled to them. In this way, the amount of water used for spraying and thus the stress on the hybrid cooler is sustainably reduced and the recooling cycle is effectively adjusted to the heat load supplied by the adsorption chiller.
  • the system is designed as an adsorption chiller.
  • the currently recorded operating parameters are recorded within an evaporator in a cold water circuit or a condenser in the adsorption refrigeration machine.
  • Adsorption chillers are characterized by a discontinuously generated and cyclical heat emission.
  • the recooling circuit operated according to the invention is therefore particularly advantageous for such purposes.
  • a method based on the operation of a recooling circuit coupled to an adsorption refrigeration machine, in particular a recooling water circuit, is shown as an example below.
  • an efficient and efficient recooling of the supplied drive energy and the generated cooling energy is also of great importance for such systems.
  • the recooling energy in the form of heat that can no longer be used by the machine must therefore be efficiently dissipated via the recooling circuit and heat exchange.
  • a heat transfer medium which consists, for example, of water or a mixture of water and glycol, circulates in the recooling circuit.
  • the heat transfer temperature in the recooling circuit increases due to the heat absorption in the machine.
  • the heat transfer medium is cooled again to a lower temperature level along the recooling circuit and in particular on a cooler designed as a heat exchanger. It is then available to the refrigeration system for renewed heat absorption.
  • the efficiency and performance of the recooling circuit depend on the outside temperature, the type of cooler used, its peripheral components and the refrigeration system itself.
  • Fig. 1 shows a representation of the cyclic operation of an adsorption refrigerator.
  • the characteristic discontinuous mode of operation of the machine is characterized by the structure and the changing processes of adsorption and desorption. In order for the machine to run as continuously as possible, adsorption and desorption processes are carried out alternately in two adsorbers. At the outlet temperature of a heat transfer circuit shown in curve C, the fluctuations are extremely steep and occur cyclically. These fluctuations can also be seen in a damped form at the inlet temperature of the heat transfer circuit on curve D.
  • the cyclic operation of the machine is particularly clearly expressed in the course of a cooling capacity shown by curve E. In the example shown here, a maximum cooling capacity of 8 kW and a minimum cooling capacity of 2 kW are achieved.
  • the outside temperature represented by curve F shows a course with natural fluctuations up to a point X.
  • the sudden rise in outside temperature in point X is due to incident solar radiation.
  • the rise in the outside temperature results in a delayed rise in the inlet temperature in curve D and the outlet temperature in curve C of the heat transfer circuit.
  • the reduction in cooling capacity at curve E after point X is due to the temperature increase in the circuit.
  • Figure 2 1 shows an exemplary recooling circuit 1 provided for the adsorption chiller
  • Figure 3 an exemplary embodiment of a hybrid cooler connected in the circuit.
  • the recooling circuit contains a hybrid cooler 2, which is expediently arranged outdoors, and a system 3, for example an adsorption refrigerator with the in Fig. 1 shown operating cycles, which discontinuously gives off heat to the recooling circuit.
  • the heat transfer medium flowing in the recooling circuit flows from the system into the hybrid cooler via a feed line 4. There it transfers the heat absorbed by the system to the ambient air.
  • a cooling element 5 is provided in a lamella construction, which offers particularly good thermal contact with the surroundings.
  • the heat carrier cooled in the hybrid cooler flows back to the system via a return 6.
  • a pump 7 is provided for circulating the heat transfer medium within the cooling circuit.
  • the flow of the heat transfer medium in the recooling circuit can be regulated via a series of valves. If necessary, the flow can be blocked via blocking valves 10 arranged in the vicinity of the pump.
  • a storage and expansion tank 11 connected to the recooling circuit compensates for pressure fluctuations.
  • a process medium flows within a process circuit within the system cooled by the recooling circuit.
  • the process cycle corresponds to the cycle of the adsorbed and desorbed refrigerant which is customary in such systems. This exchanges heat via heat exchangers arranged in the circuit, in particular one Condenser 13, two adsorbers 14 and an evaporator 15 with adjacent operating components.
  • the evaporator 15 is thermally coupled to an external cold water circuit, not shown here.
  • the adsorbers 14 are in turn thermally coupled to an external hot water circuit, which contains, for example, a solar storage, not shown here, a district heating device or a waste heat device of a combined heat and power plant.
  • an external hot water circuit which contains, for example, a solar storage, not shown here, a district heating device or a waste heat device of a combined heat and power plant.
  • Temperature sensors 16 are provided at various points on the secondary sides of the heat exchangers or also in the recooling circuit, in particular in the region of the condenser, the evaporator and / or the adsorbers. These transfer the operating parameters recorded at these points, i.e. the temperature values measured in this example to a control unit 17.
  • the already mentioned hybrid cooler is a dry hybrid cooler with a spraying device 18 and a ventilation 19.
  • the spraying device consists of a nozzle arrangement 20 arranged under the cooling element 5, which is supplied with cold water by an inlet line 21.
  • the water supply via the feed line can be released or shut off via a check valve 22.
  • the opening state of the check valve is determined by the control unit 17 via a control line 17a and the electrical switching signals transmitted via this line.
  • the check valve is designed as an electrically switchable valve, for example as a solenoid valve.
  • the nozzle arrangement is in the form of a nozzle assembly under the cooling element.
  • the ambient air sucked in first flows through the nozzle assembly and pulls the water sprayed in there with it.
  • the cooling element is wetted on its surface.
  • An evaporation effect occurring on the one hand in the air volume flow and on the other on the surface of the finned heat exchanger wall of the cooling element enables the heat carrier to be cooled to a temperature which is below the ambient temperature. This intensifies the cooling of the heat transfer medium in the recooling circuit.
  • Spraying can be activated or deactivated via the switching status of the shut-off valve, thus adjusting the effectiveness of the cooling.
  • Fig. 4 shows the effect of discontinuous spraying using an exemplary diagram.
  • the diagram shows the time course of an outlet temperature at the recooler under the influence of a discontinuous heat load during a working cycle of the adsorption chiller. This essentially repeats periodically over time.
  • Curve A shows the temperature profile of the outlet temperature from the recooler without spraying
  • curve B shows the temperature profile of the outlet temperature with spraying.
  • the spraying is carried out within two time intervals t S1 during the working cycle. It can be seen from the course of curve A that the temperature at the outlet of the recooler initially reaches a maximum, which over time drops asymptotically against a limit value due to the onset of the recooler.
  • the start and the duration of the respective time intervals t S1 are determined by the control unit.
  • the spraying then starts when the temperature T to a set value T at a location of the refrigeration cycle of the adsorption reaches or exceeds. It is then turned off and the valve 22 is closed when the predetermined operating parameters should in this case, the target value T, has fallen again.
  • the strong flattening of the curve B in comparison to A is explained by the fact that spraying of the cooling element in the hybrid cooler begins even before the now more heated heat carrier has reached the cooling element via the flow. As a result, the cooling element is already wetted and can therefore absorb the heat brought in by the heat transfer medium very effectively.
  • spraying begins at a point in time when the temperature of the heat transfer medium is still rising.
  • the minimum reached in the curve B 'of the air temperature during the time interval t S1 thus coincides with the increasing section of the curve B of the outlet temperature.
  • the effectiveness of the interval-like spraying regulated by the control unit thus results above all from the fact that the temperature rise of the heat transfer medium in the recooling circuit is counteracted in a timely manner and at the beginning.
  • Fig. 5 shows the beneficial influence of in Fig. 4 shown execution of the spraying on a machine performance factor of an adsorption refrigerator with such a recooling circuit operated at different ambient temperatures.
  • the machine performance figure is a measure of the effectiveness of the adsorption chiller. It indicates the ratio between the heat pumped by the adsorption chiller and the energy required for this. A high machine performance factor therefore means that the refrigeration system is highly effective.
  • the diagram shows that the machine performance factor decreases as the outside temperature increases. Without spraying, it reaches a value of less than 10 at a temperature of 26 ° C. If the spraying is carried out according to the procedure at this temperature Fig. 3 put into operation, the machine work factor increases significantly to a value of 15 and thus one and a half times.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Sorption Type Refrigeration Machines (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)

Claims (1)

  1. Procédé de fonctionnement d'un circuit de refroidissement à recirculation (1) comportant un refroidisseur hybride (2) pour une machine frigorifique à adsorption (3), avec dissipation thermique discontinue, concernant une régulation de pulvérisation du refroidisseur hybride (2) pendant un cycle de fonctionnement de la machine frigorifique à adsorption, dans lequel le cycle de fonctionnement est essentiellement répété périodiquement dans le temps, comprenant les étapes suivantes consistant à :
    - détecter en continu un paramètre de fonctionnement actuel de la machine frigorifique à adsorption (3), le paramètre de fonctionnement actuellement détecté étant une température actuelle (T) dans la machine frigorifique à adsorption (3) et étant détecté à l'intérieur d'un circuit de fluide caloporteur,
    - comparer le paramètre de fonctionnement détecté avec une valeur de température de consigne donnée dans une unité de régulation (17),
    - activer un dispositif de pulvérisation (18) du refroidisseur hybride (2) lorsque la valeur de température de consigne est atteinte et/ou dépassée par le paramètre de fonctionnement actuellement détecté jusqu'à ce qu'à atteindre ou passer en dessous de la valeur de température de consigne, dans lequel
    - la pulvérisation commence lorsque la température T à un emplacement du circuit de réfrigération de la machine frigorifique à adsorption a atteint ou dépassé une valeur de consigne Tsoll et qu'un signal de commutation est émis pour ouvrir une vanne du dispositif de pulvérisation,
    et
    - la pulvérisation est effectuée pendant le cycle de travail en deux intervalles de temps tS1, le début et la durée de chaque intervalle de temps tS1 étant déterminés par l'unité de régulation,
    et
    - la pulvérisation est désactivée et la vanne est fermée lorsque l'on passe à nouveau en dessous du paramètre de fonctionnement prédéterminé Tsoll.
EP10188007.8A 2009-11-04 2010-10-19 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un circuit de refroidissement de recirculation doté d'un refroidisseur hybride pour une installation ayant une sortie de chaleur discontinue Active EP2320189B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009051888 2009-11-04
DE102010008408.5A DE102010008408B4 (de) 2009-11-04 2010-02-18 Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Rückkühlkreislaufes mit einem Hybridkühler für eine Anlage mit einer diskontinuierlichen Wärmeabgabe und Vorrichtung hierfür

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2320189A2 EP2320189A2 (fr) 2011-05-11
EP2320189A3 EP2320189A3 (fr) 2014-09-03
EP2320189B1 true EP2320189B1 (fr) 2020-07-22

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP10188007.8A Active EP2320189B1 (fr) 2009-11-04 2010-10-19 Procédé de fonctionnement d'un circuit de refroidissement de recirculation doté d'un refroidisseur hybride pour une installation ayant une sortie de chaleur discontinue

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2320189B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010008408B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2820876T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202014101463U1 (de) 2013-12-23 2014-06-20 Entrade Energiesysteme Ag Modulare Anlage zur Bereitstellung von thermischer und elektrischer Energie
CN109612184A (zh) * 2018-11-13 2019-04-12 上海可瑞视冷链科技有限公司 一种移动方舱冷凝器的散热装置

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HU165521B (fr) 1972-07-03 1974-09-28
DE3408192C2 (de) 1984-03-06 1987-03-26 Markus 8058 Erding Rothmeyer Verfahren zum Hochtransformieren der Temperatur von Wärme sowie Wärmetransformator
DE4215898C2 (de) 1992-04-09 1997-09-04 E W Gohl Gmbh Verfahren zum Kühlen von Flüssigkeit in einem geschlossenen Primärkreislauf sowie Kühlvorrichtung dafür
DE19906954A1 (de) 1999-02-19 2000-08-24 E W Gohl Gmbh Verfahren zum Kühlen von Flüssigkeiten sowie Vorrichtung dafür
DE20001528U1 (de) * 2000-01-28 2000-04-06 Kühlturm GmbH, 76189 Karlsruhe Kühlvorrichtung
US6823684B2 (en) 2002-02-08 2004-11-30 Tim Allan Nygaard Jensen System and method for cooling air
US7310958B2 (en) 2004-03-08 2007-12-25 Baltimore Aircoil Company, Inc. Control of heat exchanger operation

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010008408A1 (de) 2011-07-14
EP2320189A2 (fr) 2011-05-11
ES2820876T3 (es) 2021-04-22
DE102010008408B4 (de) 2019-07-11
EP2320189A3 (fr) 2014-09-03

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