EP2331459A2 - Procédé de pyrolyse de glucides - Google Patents

Procédé de pyrolyse de glucides

Info

Publication number
EP2331459A2
EP2331459A2 EP09783459A EP09783459A EP2331459A2 EP 2331459 A2 EP2331459 A2 EP 2331459A2 EP 09783459 A EP09783459 A EP 09783459A EP 09783459 A EP09783459 A EP 09783459A EP 2331459 A2 EP2331459 A2 EP 2331459A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
carbohydrate
silica
silicon
pyrolysis product
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP09783459A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jürgen Erwin LANG
Alfons Karl
Hartwig Rauleder
Ekkehard MÜH
Guido Stochniol
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Evonik Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Evonik Degussa GmbH filed Critical Evonik Degussa GmbH
Publication of EP2331459A2 publication Critical patent/EP2331459A2/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B33/02—Silicon
    • C01B33/021—Preparation
    • C01B33/023—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material
    • C01B33/025—Preparation by reduction of silica or free silica-containing material with carbon or a solid carbonaceous material, i.e. carbo-thermal process
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J6/00—Heat treatments such as Calcining; Fusing ; Pyrolysis
    • B01J6/008—Pyrolysis reactions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
    • C01B32/20—Graphite
    • C01B32/205—Preparation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a technical process for pyrolysis of carbohydrates, in particular of sugar, the pyrolysis product thus obtainable and its use as a reducing agent in the production of solar silica from silica and carbon at high temperature.
  • US 5,882,726 discloses a process for producing a carbon-carbon composition wherein pyrolysis of a low-melting sugar is performed.
  • GB 733 376 discloses a process for purifying a sugar solution and pyrolysis at 300 to 400 ° C.
  • the large-scale pyrolysis of carbohydrates can lead to problems due to caramelization and foaming, which can significantly disturb the process control and the process sequence.
  • the object is achieved according to the information in the claims.
  • the inventive method is advantageously operated above a temperature of 400 0 C, more preferably at 400 to 700 0 C and most preferably at 400 to 600 0 C.
  • This method is extremely energy efficient and also has the advantage that the caramel formation is reduced and the handling of the gaseous reaction products is facilitated.
  • a pyrolysis temperature of from 1 300 to 1 500 ° C.
  • the present process is advantageously carried out under protective gas and / or reduced pressure (vacuum).
  • the process according to the invention is advantageously carried out at a pressure of from 1 mbar to 1 bar (ambient pressure), in particular from 1 to 10 mbar.
  • the pyrolysis apparatus used is dried before the beginning of the pyrolysis and rinsed by purging with an inert gas, such as nitrogen or Ar or He, virtually free of oxygen.
  • the pyrolysis time in the process according to the invention is generally between 1 minute and 48 hours, preferably between 1/4 hour and 18 hours, in particular between ⁇ A hour and 12 hours at said pyrolysis, while the heating time can be up to reach the desired pyrolysis additionally of the same order of magnitude, in particular between 1/4 hour and 8 hours ,
  • the present process is usually carried out batchwise; but you can also do it continuously.
  • a C-based pyrolysis product obtained according to the invention contains carbon, in particular with graphite constituents and silica, and optionally fractions of other carbon forms, such as coke, and is particularly poor in impurities, such.
  • B. B, P, As and AI compounds the pyrolysis product according to the invention can be advantageously used as a reducing agent in the production of silicic acid silicic acid at high temperature.
  • the graphite-containing pyrolysis product according to the invention can be used on account of its conductivity properties in an arc reactor.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a process for technical, d. H. industrial pyrolysis of a carbohydrate or carbohydrate mixture at elevated temperature with the addition of silica.
  • carbohydrate component is preferably used in the process according to the invention monosaccharides, d. H. Aldoses or ketoses, such as trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses, especially glucose and fructose, but also corresponding oligomeric and polysaccharides based on said monomers, such as lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, to name just a few or derivatives thereof - including starch, including amylose and amylopectin, glycogen, glycosans and fructosans, to name but a few polysaccharides.
  • ketoses such as trioses, tetroses, pentoses, hexoses, heptoses, especially glucose and fructose, but also corresponding oligomeric and polysaccharides based on said monomers, such as lactose, maltose, sucrose, raffinose, to name just a few or derivatives thereof
  • a suitable solvent preferably water
  • an ion exchange resin preferably an anionic or cationic resin
  • a mixture of at least two of the abovementioned carbohydrates as carbohydrate or carbohydrate component in the process according to the invention.
  • a crystalline sugar which is available in economic quantities, a sugar which can be obtained, for example, by crystallization of a solution or a juice from sugarcane or beets in a manner known per se, d. H. commercial crystalline sugar, such as refined sugar, preferably a crystalline sugar with the substance-specific melting point / softening range and an average particle size of 1 .mu.m to 10 cm, particularly preferably from 10 .mu.m to 1 cm, in particular from 100 .mu.m to 0.5 cm.
  • the particle size can be determined, for example, but not exclusively, by sieve analysis, TEM, SEM or light microscopy.
  • TEM TEM
  • SEM light microscopy
  • SiO x with x 0.5 to 1.5, SiO, SiO 2, silicon oxide (hydrate), aqueous or water-containing SiO 2, in the form of fumed or precipitated silica, moist, dry or calcined, for example, Aerosil ® or Sipernat ®, or a silica sol or gel, the above-mentioned components porous or dense silica glass, silica sand, quartz glass, for example optical fibers, quartz glass beads, or mixtures of at least two.
  • silicic acid having an internal surface area of from 0.1 to 600 m 2 / g, particularly preferably from 10 to 500 m 2 / g, in particular from 100 to 200 nrvVg.
  • the determination of the inner or special surface can be carried out, for example, by the BET method (DIN ISO 9277).
  • the silica used in the process according to the invention advantageously has a high (99%) to highest (99.9999%) purity, the content of impurities, such as B, P, As and Al compounds, in total advantageously ⁇ 10 Ppm by weight, in particular ⁇ 1 ppm by weight should be.
  • the determination of impurities can be carried out, for example, but not exclusively, by means of ICP-MS / OES (induction coupling spectrometry - mass spectrometry / optical electron spectrometry) and AAS (atomic absorption spectroscopy).
  • carbohydrate can be made into defoamer, ie. H. Silica component, calculated as SiO 2, in a weight ratio of 1 000: 0.1 to 0.1: 1000 use.
  • the weight ratio of carbohydrate component to silicon oxide component may preferably be adjusted to 800: 0.4 to 1: 1, more preferably 500: 1 to 100: 13, most preferably 250: 1 to 100: 7.
  • an induction-heated vacuum reactor wherein the reactor can be made of stainless steel and coated or lined with a suitable inert material, for example high-purity SiC, Si 3 N 3 , high-purity quartz or silicic acid glass, high-purity carbon or graphite, Ceramics.
  • a suitable inert material for example high-purity SiC, Si 3 N 3 , high-purity quartz or silicic acid glass, high-purity carbon or graphite, Ceramics.
  • the interior of the reactor and the reaction vessel are suitably dried and purged with an inert gas, which may be heated, for example to a temperature between room temperature and 300 0 C.
  • an inert gas which may be heated, for example to a temperature between room temperature and 300 0 C.
  • the carbohydrate or carbohydrate mixture to be pyrolyzed together with the silicon oxide as defoamer component is filled into the reaction space or the reaction vessel of the pyrolysis apparatus.
  • the starting materials can be thoroughly mixed, degassed under reduced pressure and transferred under protective gas into the prepared reactor.
  • the reactor may already be slightly preheated.
  • the temperature can be advanced continuously or stepwise to the desired pyrolysis temperature and the pressure reduced in order to be able to remove the gaseous decomposition products escaping from the reaction mixture as quickly as possible.
  • a pyrolysis product or a composition containing high purity carbon It is particularly advantageous to use the process product according to the invention as a reducing agent for the production of solar silicon from one or high purity silica.
  • the present invention thus relates to a composition or the pyrolysis product, as obtained by the process according to the invention.
  • the present invention also provides a pyrolysis product having a carbon to silica content (calculated as silica) of from 400 to 0.1 to 0.4 to 1000, preferably from 400: 0.4 to 4: 10; more preferably from 400: 2 to 4: 1, 3; in particular from 400: 4 to 40: 7.
  • a carbon to silica content (calculated as silica) of from 400 to 0.1 to 0.4 to 1000, preferably from 400: 0.4 to 4: 10; more preferably from 400: 2 to 4: 1, 3; in particular from 400: 4 to 40: 7.
  • the direct process product of the method according to the invention is characterized by its high purity and usability for the production of polycrystalline silicon, in particular of solar silicon for photovoltaic systems, but also for medical applications.
  • Such a composition of the invention (also called short pyrolysate or pyrolysis) can be especially beneficial as a feedstock in the production of solar-grade silicon by reduction of SiO 2 at a higher temperature, in particular in an electric arc furnace may be used.
  • the direct process product according to the invention can be used in a simple and economical manner as a C-containing reducing agent in a process, as can be seen for example from US 4,247,528, US 4,460,556, US 4,294,811 and WO 2007/106860.
  • composition according to the invention pyrolysis product
  • SiO 2 a composition according to the invention
  • the present invention is further illustrated and illustrated by the following example and the comparative example without limiting the scope of the invention.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Silicon Compounds (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de pyrolyse technique d'un glucide ou d'un mélange de glucides à température élevée avec addition d'oxyde de silicium, un produit de pyrolyse ainsi obtenu et son utilisation en tant qu'agent réducteur dans la fabrication de silicium solaire à partir d'acide silicique et de carbone à température élevée.
EP09783459A 2008-09-30 2009-09-28 Procédé de pyrolyse de glucides Withdrawn EP2331459A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102008042498A DE102008042498A1 (de) 2008-09-30 2008-09-30 Verfahren zur Pyrolyse von Kohlehydraten
PCT/EP2009/062497 WO2010037699A2 (fr) 2008-09-30 2009-09-28 Procédé de pyrolyse de glucides

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2331459A2 true EP2331459A2 (fr) 2011-06-15

Family

ID=41719666

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP09783459A Withdrawn EP2331459A2 (fr) 2008-09-30 2009-09-28 Procédé de pyrolyse de glucides

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (1) US20110182796A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2331459A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2012504089A (fr)
KR (1) KR20110063498A (fr)
CN (1) CN102171140A (fr)
AU (1) AU2009299911A1 (fr)
BR (1) BRPI0919109A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2739049A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102008042498A1 (fr)
EA (1) EA201100570A1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ591239A (fr)
TW (1) TW201026635A (fr)
WO (1) WO2010037699A2 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201102323B (fr)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2322474A1 (fr) 2009-11-16 2011-05-18 Evonik Degussa GmbH Procédé de pyrolyse d'hydrates de carbone
DE102012202586A1 (de) 2012-02-21 2013-08-22 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silizium über carbothermische Reduktion von Siliciumoxid mit Kohlenstoff in einem Schmelzofen
WO2013156406A1 (fr) 2012-04-17 2013-10-24 Evonik Degussa Gmbh Procédé de traitement électrochimique d'une solution aqueuse concentrée de glucides et appareil pour la mise en œuvre du procédé
DE102016100083B4 (de) 2016-01-04 2019-02-14 Refractory Intellectual Property Gmbh & Co. Kg Feuerfeste Formkörper und Massen sowie Bindemittel und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
MX2020012729A (es) * 2019-08-14 2021-02-22 Pyrotek High Temperature Ind Products Inc Metodo para fabricar un articulo refractario.
CN110632165B (zh) * 2019-10-21 2024-03-15 天津大学 生物质燃烧气溶胶制备与检测一体装置及其方法
EP3954743A1 (fr) 2020-08-12 2022-02-16 Evonik Operations GmbH Utilisation de dioxyde de silicium pour améliorer la conductivité des revêtements
DE102023002367A1 (de) 2023-06-10 2024-12-12 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Feuerfeste Erzeugnisse auf der Basis von umweltfreundlichen Bindemitteln und Feuerfest-Rezyklaten

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DE3215981A1 (de) 1982-04-29 1983-11-03 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Verfahren zum herstellen hochreiner ausgangsmaterialien fuer die fertigung von silizium fuer solarzellen nach dem carbothermischen reduktionsverfahren
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IT1176955B (it) * 1984-10-12 1987-08-26 Samin Abrasivi Spa Procedimento di produzione di silicio metallico adatto per essere impiegato nell'industria fotovoltaica
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR20110063498A (ko) 2011-06-10
CN102171140A (zh) 2011-08-31
WO2010037699A2 (fr) 2010-04-08
AU2009299911A1 (en) 2010-04-08
JP2012504089A (ja) 2012-02-16
US20110182796A1 (en) 2011-07-28
CA2739049A1 (fr) 2010-04-08
DE102008042498A1 (de) 2010-04-01
WO2010037699A3 (fr) 2010-07-15
BRPI0919109A2 (pt) 2015-12-08
TW201026635A (en) 2010-07-16
NZ591239A (en) 2013-02-22
EA201100570A1 (ru) 2011-10-31
ZA201102323B (en) 2011-12-28

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