EP2428746B2 - Echangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Echangeur de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2428746B2
EP2428746B2 EP10290484.4A EP10290484A EP2428746B2 EP 2428746 B2 EP2428746 B2 EP 2428746B2 EP 10290484 A EP10290484 A EP 10290484A EP 2428746 B2 EP2428746 B2 EP 2428746B2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
adapter plate
tube
heat exchanger
electronics housing
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP10290484.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2428746B8 (fr
EP2428746A1 (fr
EP2428746B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Dipl.-Ing. Kohl
Tomas Dipl.-Ing. Spranger (FH)
Karl-Gerd Krumbach
Thierry Clauss
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Original Assignee
Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=43513963&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2428746(B2) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG, Mahle Behr France Rouffach SAS filed Critical Mahle Behr GmbH and Co KG
Priority to EP10290484.4A priority Critical patent/EP2428746B8/fr
Priority to CN201110270298.4A priority patent/CN102434968B/zh
Priority to US13/231,556 priority patent/US9915441B2/en
Publication of EP2428746A1 publication Critical patent/EP2428746A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2428746B1 publication Critical patent/EP2428746B1/fr
Publication of EP2428746B2 publication Critical patent/EP2428746B2/fr
Publication of EP2428746B8 publication Critical patent/EP2428746B8/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0435—Structures comprising heat spreading elements in the form of fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/02—Air heaters with forced circulation
    • F24H3/04—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element
    • F24H3/0405—Air heaters with forced circulation the air being in direct contact with the heating medium, e.g. electric heating element using electric energy supply, e.g. the heating medium being a resistive element; Heating by direct contact, i.e. with resistive elements, electrodes and fins being bonded together without additional element in-between
    • F24H3/0429—For vehicles
    • F24H3/0441—Interfaces between the electrodes of a resistive heating element and the power supply means
    • F24H3/0447—Forms of the electrode terminals, e.g. tongues or clips
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/18—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means
    • F24H9/1854—Arrangement or mounting of grates or heating means for air heaters
    • F24H9/1863—Arrangement or mounting of electric heating means
    • F24H9/1872—PTC resistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/02—Details
    • H05B3/06—Heater elements structurally combined with coupling elements or holders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/24—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional [2D] plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor being self-supporting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/48—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/50—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material heating conductor arranged in metal tubes, the radiating surface having heat-conducting fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H2250/00—Electrical heat generating means
    • F24H2250/04—Positive temperature coefficients [PTC]; Negative temperature coefficients [NTC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/016—Heaters using particular connecting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1 and a motor vehicle air conditioning system according to the preamble of claim 11.
  • the electrical heating device comprises PTC elements.
  • PTC elements PTC: Positive Temperature Coefficient
  • the PTC element generally consists of ceramic and is a PTC thermistor. This means that regardless of the boundary conditions - such as B. applied voltage, nominal resistance or air volume on the PTC element - a very even surface temperature on the PTC element. Overheating can be prevented as it can e.g. B. could occur with a normal heat-emitting heating wire, since here, regardless of the boundary conditions, approximately the same resistance and thus an essentially identical electrical heating power is applied.
  • the heat exchanger comprises PTC elements, at least two electrical conductors by means of which electrical current is passed through the PTC element and heat conducting elements, in particular fins or corrugated fins, by means of which the surface for heating the air is enlarged.
  • PTC elements at least two electrical conductors by means of which electrical current is passed through the PTC element and heat conducting elements, in particular fins or corrugated fins, by means of which the surface for heating the air is enlarged.
  • the U.S. 4,327,282 shows a heat exchanger with a PTC heating element.
  • Current is passed through the PTC heating element by means of contact plates and an insulating layer is arranged on the contact plates.
  • the components are held together with a U-shaped clip.
  • a heat-generating element of a heating device for heating air comprising at least one PTC element and electrical conductor tracks resting on opposite side surfaces of the PTC element, the two electrical conductor tracks being surrounded on the outside by a non-electrically conductive insulating layer.
  • the EP 1 872 986 A1 discloses an electrical heating device for heating a flowing medium.
  • the heating device has a housing in which the at least one electrical heating element of the electrical heating device is arranged.
  • a heating chamber and a circulation chamber are formed in the housing.
  • the medium that flows through the circulation chamber is completely kept away from the heating chamber by a partition.
  • the US 2008/0173637 A1 discloses a heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger and a motor vehicle air conditioning system in which an electric current under high voltage, for. B. more than 50 V, operated heat exchanger without endangering the environment, especially people, can be operated.
  • the heat exchanger and the motor vehicle air conditioning system should be inexpensive to manufacture and operate reliably.
  • At least one electrical insulating element, at least one electrical resistance heating element as a PTC element, preferably several resistance heating elements, and the two conductors are arranged in the tubes which enclose the cavity.
  • the at least one tube has only one tube opening at the upper end and in the remaining area of the tube, in particular at a lower end of the tube, the tube is closed in a fluid-tight manner, e.g. B. by means of a support plate or cover plate or due to the design of the tube.
  • the pipe only has the (upper) pipe opening as its only opening, through which fluids can penetrate into the cavity enclosed by the pipe.
  • the heat exchanger preferably has several tubes and the upper ends of the tubes with the tube openings are arranged at the openings of the adapter plate, so that, due to the fluid-tight arrangement of the tubes on the adapter plate, they can enter the cavity exclusively through the openings in the adapter plate and the tube openings Fluid could get.
  • the adapter plate serves to connect an electronics housing to the adapter plate in a fluid-tight manner, so that the cavities of the tubes are completely opposite the environment are sealed because the electronics housing is fluid-tightly connected to the adapter plate.
  • the adapter plate thus serves as an interface for connecting to other components, an electronics housing for electronics, in particular power electronics, and an air conditioning system housing.
  • the components which are arranged in the cavity enclosed by the tube can be permanently sealed in a fluid-tight manner and, furthermore, the supply of electrical current to the electrical resistance heating elements is ensured.
  • the electronics housing connected to the adapter plate in a fluid-tight manner has contact elements with which electrical current can be conducted to the resistance heating elements, preferably two contact elements, and at least one or preferably two control current contact elements, with which the output of the resistance heating elements is controlled with the aid of the electronics arranged in the electronics housing and / or can be regulated.
  • these contact elements and preferably control current contact elements are sealed fluid-tight with respect to the electronics housing, so that the cavities are sealed fluid-tight with respect to the environment.
  • the tube is connected to the adapter plate on the outside in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the geometry of the at least one tube on the outside at the end with the tube opening preferably corresponds to the geometry of the opening of the adapter plate.
  • the adapter plate consists at least partially, in particular completely, of metal, e.g. B. aluminum, steel or stainless steel, or from, preferably thermoplastic, plastic and / or only through the opening of the adapter plate and the pipe opening, there is a connection in the cavity delimited by the at least one pipe with respect to the at least one pipe and the adapter plate and / or
  • a sealing element is arranged between the adapter plate and the electronics housing and / or between the adapter plate and the air conditioning housing and, in particular, the sealing element is a seal, e.g. B. an O-ring seal, or glue or silicone.
  • the at least one tube is connected to the adapter plate in a fluid-tight manner, so that when only the adapter plate and only the tube are taken into account, for example without taking into account, for example, a potting compound, a fluid only flows into the tube enclosed by the tube through the tube opening and only the opening of the adapter plate Cavity can get.
  • the adapter plate is made in one piece and / or outside the electronics housing and a heat sink for cooling the electronics is arranged inside the electronics housing on the electronics housing.
  • the at least one tube is connected to the adapter plate in a material and / or form-fitting and / or force-fitting manner.
  • the at least one tube is connected to the adapter plate with a soldered, welded or adhesive connection and / or with a sealing element, e.g. B. a sealing ring, the at least one tube is sealed fluid-tight on the adapter plate, wherein the sealing element is preferably a separate component.
  • a sealing element e.g. B. a sealing ring
  • the adapter plate is preferably connected to the at least one tube with a latching, clip or crimped connection.
  • the at least one tube is in one or more parts in cross section, in particular in two parts, and / or the at least one tube is symmetrical or asymmetrical in cross section and / or the at least one tube is made up of two half-shells.
  • the at least one electrical insulating element is a, preferably hardenable and / or hardened, potting compound and / or the at least one electrical insulating element is a molded seal, e.g. B. a hose, a film or a plate, in particular a ceramic plate, and preferably the plate is firmly bonded to the at least one electrical resistance heating element.
  • the potting compound is a liquid, e.g. B. a gel or a paste or a hardenable or a hardened liquid or an oil, in particular silicone oil, or a liquid organic compound or a solid, e.g. B. a powder or granules or a hardenable liquid plastic.
  • the potting compound and / or the molded seal d. H. the at least one electrical insulating element with heat-transferring or heat-conducting particles, e.g. B. silicon carbide and / or boron nitride.
  • the adapter plate comprises a first connection section for connection to an electronics housing and / or the adapter plate comprises a second connection section for connection to an air conditioning system housing and / or the adapter plate is made of material and / or shape and / or material with the electronics housing and / or with the air conditioning system housing. or non-positively connected and / or the adapter plate is connected to the electronics housing and / or to the air conditioning system housing with a clip connection and / or a crimped connection and / or a screw connection.
  • the adapter plate can thus be connected to an electronics housing at the first connection section of the adapter plate and the adapter plate can be connected to the air conditioning system housing at the second connection section.
  • the geometry of the first connection section is preferably designed to be complementary to the geometry of the electronics housing, which is to be connected to the first connection section in this area and, in an analogous manner, the geometry of the adapter plate on the second connection section is complementary to that section of the air conditioning housing which is connected to the is to be brought into connection with the second connecting section of the adapter plate.
  • the adapter plate with the electronics housing and / or with the air conditioning housing with a detachable connection, for. B. a screw or clip connection, or with a permanent connection, e.g. B. a crimped connection or a soldered or welded connection.
  • a sealing element for. B. a seal, in particular O-ring seal, or adhesive or silicone arranged as a sealing element for fluid-tight sealing between the adapter plate and the electronics housing and / or between the adapter plate and the air conditioning housing.
  • the electronics housing and / or the air conditioning housing consists at least partially, in particular completely, of metal, e.g. B. aluminum or steel, or made of, preferably thermoplastic, plastic.
  • the sealing element between the adapter plate and the electronics housing and / or the air conditioning system housing is preferably elastically pretensioned and / or overpressed in order to ensure a reliable seal.
  • the at least one cavity wall as a wall of the at least one tube comprises two broad side walls and one or two narrow side walls in a cross section and / or the at least one cavity wall forms a closed tube, in particular a flat tube, in a cross section.
  • the at least one heat conducting element comprises the at least one cavity wall and / or the at least one heat conducting element comprises corrugated fins, which are arranged on the outside of the at least one cavity wall, in particular by means of soldering, and / or the at least two conductors have no direct contact with the at least one cavity wall.
  • the corrugated ribs and the at least one cavity wall are connected to one another by means of gluing.
  • At least one heat conducting element in particular the at least one cavity wall and / or the corrugated ribs, are at least partially, in particular completely, made of metal, for example aluminum or steel, or plastic.
  • the at least one molded seal is expediently elastic and / or the at least one molded seal consists at least partially of silicone or plastic or rubber and / or the at least one molded seal is non-positively and / or positively and / or cohesively connected to the at least one cavity wall.
  • the at least one molded seal within the cavity, d. H. between the cavity walls, are clamped and thus positively connected.
  • the at least one molded seal comprises heat-transferring or heat-conducting particles, e.g. B. aluminum oxide and / or silicon carbide and / or boron nitride.
  • heat-transferring or heat-conducting particles e.g. B. aluminum oxide and / or silicon carbide and / or boron nitride.
  • At least one electrical resistance heating element, the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical insulating element are connected to form at least one heating composite which is or are arranged in the at least one cavity.
  • a motor vehicle air conditioning system according to the invention comprises at least one heat exchanger described in this patent application.
  • the at least one molded seal is preferably arranged between each wall of the at least one pipe and a conductor, so that the at least two conductors are electrically insulated with respect to the at least one pipe.
  • the at least one tube is expediently closed in a fluid-tight manner by a lower cover plate at a lower, second end.
  • the lower second end is the other end of the tube which is opposite the upper first end with the tube opening.
  • the at least one molded seal is designed as a shrink tube and the shrink tube is shrunk onto the at least two conductors by heating the shrink tube.
  • the at least one molded seal consists of an electrically insulating and thermally conductive material. Due to the geometric arrangement of the at least one molded seal within the heat exchanger, the at least two conductors and the at least one electrical resistance heating element are electrically insulated.
  • the molded seal is in a solid aggregate state, i. H. not liquid or gaseous, even at high temperatures, e.g. B. 70 ° C or 100 ° C.
  • the at least one molded seal is a film or insulation film, e.g. B. a polyimide film (Kapton film), (elastic) ceramic-filled film or an (elastic) ceramic-filled silicone film.
  • a film or insulation film e.g. B. a polyimide film (Kapton film), (elastic) ceramic-filled film or an (elastic) ceramic-filled silicone film.
  • the heat exchanger has an IP protection class of 67, so that it is sufficiently watertight and dustproof.
  • the corrugated fins and the at least one tube are connected to one another by means of gluing and / or soldering and / or non-positively under pretension.
  • the at least one heat conducting element and / or the at least one electrical insulating element has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W / mK, in particular at least 15 W / mK.
  • the at least one electrical insulating element has electrical insulation of at least 1 kV / mm, in particular at least 25 kV / mm.
  • the at least one electrical insulating element preferably in cross section, has a dielectric strength of at least 1 kV.
  • the at least one electrical insulating element has a thermal conductivity of at least 1 W / mK, in particular at least 15 W / mK.
  • the at least one electrical insulating element can thus, on the one hand, provide good electrical insulation and, on the other hand, can conduct the heat sufficiently well from the electrical resistance heating element to the heat-conducting element or the heat-conducting elements.
  • Fig. 1 shows a motor vehicle air conditioning system 24.
  • a fan 25, an air filter 30, a refrigerant evaporator 31 and a heat exchanger 1 as an electrical heating device are arranged in an air conditioning system housing 26 with a bottom wall 27 and an outlet section 29.
  • the air conditioning housing 26 thus forms a channel 35 for the air to pass through.
  • Walls 28 of the air conditioning system housing 26 have a surface 36 on the inside which delimits the duct 35.
  • the air for the interior of a motor vehicle is passed through the air filter 30, the refrigerant evaporator 31 and the heat exchanger 1 by means of the fan 25.
  • the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 is therefore not provided with a heat exchanger through which coolant flows for heating the air conducted through the motor vehicle system 24.
  • the air conducted through the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 is heated electrically exclusively by means of the heat exchanger 1.
  • the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 is preferably used in a motor vehicle with an exclusively electric drive or with a hybrid drive (not shown).
  • the heat exchanger In order to achieve the necessary electrical heating power by means of the heat exchanger 1, the heat exchanger must be operated with high voltage, e.g. B. be operated with more than 50 volts, for example with 60 V or 600 V, in order not to get too high currents and thus too thick power lines (not shown).
  • FIG. 2 to 9 a first embodiment of the heat exchanger 1 for the motor vehicle air conditioning system 24 without an adapter plate 34 is shown.
  • the heat exchanger 1 in the first exemplary embodiment comprises the adapter plate 34 (not shown).
  • a tube 18 made of aluminum designed as a flat tube 13 has two broad side walls 20 and two narrow side walls 21 ( Fig. 2 and 6th ) on.
  • the wide and narrow side walls 20, 21 represent cavity walls 17 which enclose a cavity 19 within the tube 18.
  • a narrow side wall 21 is connected to one another by means of a tongue and groove connection 15.
  • Two molded seals 23 are arranged as electrical insulating elements 22 within the flat tube 13.
  • the two molded seals 23 are made of elastic silicone and each have a recess 14 on one side.
  • two conductors 4 namely a first printed circuit board 6 and a second printed circuit board 7, are arranged. Between the two circuit boards 6, 7, three electrical resistance heating elements 2 designed as PTC elements 3 are arranged. The PTC elements 3 are connected to the two circuit boards 6, 7 with adhesive.
  • the two molded seals 23 each have a slot 16 ( Fig. 2 ), through each of which an electrical contact plate 5 of the circuit board 6, 7 is passed.
  • the tube 18 has an upper end 38 with a tube opening 37. At the lower end, the tube 18 is closed in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the two printed circuit boards 6, 7 are thus completely enclosed by the two molded seals 23 because the molded seals 23 lie directly on top of one another at the edges outside the recess 14 and also seal due to their elastic properties.
  • the two circuit boards 6, 7 with the three PTC elements 3 arranged between them are electrically insulated due to the electrical insulation of the molded seals 23 and also sealed off in a fluid-tight manner due to the sealing properties of the two superposed molded seals 23.
  • the two circuit boards 6, 7 are electrically contacted by means of electrical lines (not shown) on the contact plates 5.
  • the two circuit boards 6, 7 with the three PTC elements 10 represent a heating unit 10. After the heating unit 10 has been enclosed with the two molded seals 23, these form a heating assembly 8.
  • heating register 9 or the heat exchanger 1 is present.
  • Several heating registers 9 as shown in Fig. 4 can also be connected to one another to form a heat exchanger 1 with a larger number of heating registers 9 ( Figures 3 to 5 ).
  • the manufacturing steps for arranging the heating assembly 8 in the flat tubes 13 are shown in FIG Figures 7 to 9 shown.
  • the flat tubes 13 are connected to one another with the corrugated fins 12 by means of soldering in a soldering furnace.
  • a spacer (not shown) is introduced into the tongue and groove connection 15 during soldering, so that the flat tubes 13 are not soldered to one another at the tongue and groove connection 15, ie not connected to one another in a materially bonded manner , will.
  • the flat tubes 13 are opened in the area of the tongue and groove connection 15, so that the flat tubes 13 deform, in particular bend, in the area of the lower narrow side walls 21.
  • the flat tubes 13 with the corrugated fins 12 are opened in the manner of an accordion as shown in FIG Fig. 7 to Fig. 8 .
  • the heating assemblies 8 in the direction of the tube depth, ie perpendicular to one on the plane of the drawing Fig. 8 perpendicular longitudinal axis of the tube 18 into which the flat tubes 13 are inserted.
  • the flat tubes 13 are connected to one another again at the tongue and groove connection 15 and the tongue and groove connection 15 is permanently fastened by pressing the tongue and groove connection 15 are made of silicone and elastically deformable and the size of the molded seals 23 is matched to the heating unit 10 so that the heating assembly 8 is slightly larger than the closed flat tube 13.
  • the molded seals 23 are elastically deformed when the tongue and groove connections 15 are closed and prestressed, so that the heating composite 8 is clamped under prestress between the cavity walls 17 of the flat tube 13, in particular between the broad side walls 20 of the flat tube 13, and is thus connected to the flat tube 13 in a non-positive manner.
  • a correspondingly directed force F is applied to the broad side walls 20 ( Fig. 9 ).
  • the network height H N of the heat exchanger 1 as shown in FIG Fig. 4 is approx. 50 to 300 mm, preferably 100 to 200 mm and the mesh width B N is approx. 50 to 300 mm, preferably 100 to 200 mm.
  • the transverse division Q ie the distance between the flat tubes 13 as shown in FIG Fig. 5 , is between 5 and 30 mm, preferably 9 to 18 mm, and the network depth T N as shown in FIG Fig. 5 is 6 to 60 mm, preferably 10 to 40 mm.
  • the cavity 19 enclosed by the cavity walls 17 of the flat tube 13 is an empty space 32 in the area of the narrow side walls 21, that is, in the empty space 32 there is only air ( Fig. 6 ).
  • the molded seal 23 can also be arranged in the case of a corresponding different geometric design of the molded seal 23 ( Fig. 8 ).
  • the tubes 18 are arranged in openings 39 of the adapter plate 34, not shown, analogously to the following exemplary embodiments.
  • a first embodiment of the adapter plate 34 with openings 39 is shown.
  • the adapter plate 34 consists of thermoplastic synthetic material or of metal, in particular aluminum, and is produced with deep drawing when it is designed as aluminum.
  • the geometry of the openings 39 of the adapter plate 34 corresponds to the geometry of the tubes 18 at the upper end 38 ( Fig. 2 ) of the tubes 18.
  • the tubes 18 are inserted with the end 38 into the openings 39 of the adapter plate 34 ( Fig. 11 ) and integrally connected to the adapter plate 34, for example by means of soldering or gluing.
  • Fig. 11 of the heating register 9 only the tubes 18 are shown, but not the conductors 4, the electrical contact plates 5 and the electrical insulating element 22.
  • the heating composite 8 is thus shown in FIG Fig. 11 not shown.
  • the tube 18 shown is in one piece in cross section and has two narrow side walls 21 and two broad side walls 20.
  • FIG. 12 a second embodiment of the adapter plate 34 is shown.
  • the geometry of the openings 39 of the adapter plate 34 corresponds to the outside geometry of the tube 18 according to FIG Fig. 12 and 14th .
  • the tube 18 is constructed in two parts in cross section from two asymmetrical half-shells.
  • the geometry of the openings 39 of the adapter plate 34 is also designed accordingly.
  • Fig. 14 is the adapter plate 34 according to Figures 12 and 13 shown with the heating register 9.
  • the adapter plate 34 serves as an interface for connection to an electronics housing 43 with electronics (not shown), in particular power electronics for controlling and / or regulating the power of the electrical resistance heating elements 2 in the individual heating registers 9 Fig. 15
  • the partial view shown is an exploded view of the electronics housing 43 and the heat exchanger 1 with the adapter plate 34 in a third exemplary embodiment.
  • the individual heating registers 9 are connected to one another and by means of a Seal 45 as a sealing element 44, for example an elastic O-ring seal made of rubber, a fluid-sealing connection can be established between the electronics housing 43 and the adapter plate 34, and the electronics housing 43 is also mechanically connected to the adapter plate 34 with a crimped connection 53.
  • the electronics housing 43 is completely closed and has no openings or gaps in the environment, so that with a fluid-tight connection of the electronics housing 34 with the adapter plate 34, the cavity 19 is sealed fluid-tight with respect to the environment due to the fluid-tight connection of the tubes 18 with the adapter plate 34 is.
  • the electrical contact plates 5 and the molded seal 23 formed as a hose 46 or film 47 are also shown.
  • the hose 46, which completely surrounds the heating unit 10 is led slightly beyond the upper end 38 of the tubes 18 so that there is a sufficient distance from the two circuit boards 6, 7 to the tube 18. This distance is preferably 4 mm.
  • the corrugated fins 12 are also shown as heat-conducting elements 11 between the tubes 18.
  • Fig. 16 is a perspective view of the heat exchanger 1 in the air conditioning housing 26 is shown.
  • the adapter plate 34 is connected to the electronics housing 43 in a fluid-tight manner and to the air-conditioning system housing 26 in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the type of design of the fluid-tight connection between the adapter plate 34 and the electronics housing 43 and the fluid-tight connection between the adapter plate 34 and the air-conditioning system housing 26 is identical. This makes it possible to seal the cavity 19 enclosed by the tubes 18 in a fluid-tight manner with respect to the environment and to ensure reliable electrical insulation with respect to the environment when high voltage is used in the electrical resistance heating elements 2.
  • Fig. 17 is a longitudinal section of the heat exchanger 1 according to Fig. 16 shown.
  • the adapter plate 34 has a first connection section 41 for connecting the adapter plate 34 to the electronics housing 43 and a second connection section 42 for connecting the adapter plate 34 to the air conditioning system housing 26.
  • the Kümastrom housing 26 and / or the electronics housing 43 are positively and / or cohesively and / or non-positively connected to the adapter plate 34, for example with an adhesive or soldered connection or with the aid of a screw or snap connection (not shown).
  • a sealing element 44 in particular a seal 45, is arranged both between the adapter plate 34 and the electronics housing 43 on the first connection section 41 and between the adapter plate 34 and the air conditioning housing 26 on the second connection section 42.
  • the seal 45 is preferably designed as an O-ring seal, which completely surrounds the first and / or second connection section 41, 42, so that a fluid-tight connection is thereby created both on the first and on the second connection section 41, 42 with respect to the air-conditioning system housing 26 and the electronics housing 43 is guaranteed.
  • the sealing element 44 can either be a separate component or it can already be attached to the electronics housing 43 and / or the air conditioning housing 46 or be integrated, for example by inserting the sealing element 44 into the injection molding tool during the injection molding of the electronics housing 43 or the air conditioning housing 26 in the injection molding tool or the sealing element 44 is produced on the rest of the air conditioning system housing 26 and / or the rest of the electronics housing 43 in a 2K injection molding process.
  • the tubes 18 are connected to the adapter plate 34 in a fluid-tight manner, for example with an adhesive connection, and are arranged in the openings 39 of the adapter plate 34.
  • a cross section of the heating register 9 is shown in a second embodiment.
  • the heating unit 10 is enclosed by a hose 46 or a foil bag and the wall of the hose is designed as a foil 47.
  • the heating unit 10 is completely enclosed (the foil bag or hose 46 only has an opening at the top of the contact plates 5) by the hose 46 or foil bag and thus electrically insulated with respect to the pipe 18 or the walls of the pipe 18.
  • the seal 45 or the molded seal 23 can also be provided with electrically conductive particles in order to ensure, in addition to the required electrical insulation, also a sufficient thermal conductivity of the molded seal 23.
  • a third embodiment of the heating register 9 is shown.
  • the molded seal 23 is a plate 48 designed as a ceramic plate 49, and a positioning strip 50 is also present within the tube 18.
  • the position strip 50 prevents the heating unit 10 from slipping within the tube 18, so that sufficient electrical insulation is ensured. Deviating from this (not shown), the position output 50 can also be dispensed with, provided that the ceramic plates 49 are connected to the two conductors 24 in a materially bonded manner, for example by means of gluing, and there is therefore no longer any risk of the heating unit 10 slipping inside due to the sufficient rigidity of the ceramic plate 49 of the tube 18 consists.
  • a fourth embodiment of the heating register 9 is shown in a longitudinal section.
  • a potting compound 51 is used as the electrical insulating element 22. After the heating unit 10 has been introduced into the cavity 19 and the pipes 18 have been mechanically and fluid-tightly connected to the adapter plate 34, the potting compound 51 is applied to the top of the adapter plate 34. The flowable or liquid potting compound 51 can thus flow into the cavities 19 inside the tubes 18 and fill the empty cavities 19 outside the heating unit 10 and thereby enable electrical insulation. Due to its geometry, the adapter plate 34 serves as an "overflow pool" for the potting compound 51 and only the electrical contact plates 5 and possibly a small part of the circuit boards 4 protrude from the potting compound 51.
  • the potting compound 51 After the potting compound 51 has hardened, permanent electrical insulation of the heating unit 10 is available and, furthermore, the potting compound 51 is used to seal the cavity 19 fluid-tight with respect to the environment, because no liquid or a fluid can flow into the cavity 19. Only the electrical contact plates 5 and possibly the conductors 4 outside the potting compound 51 must be permanently electrically isolated from the environment, for example by placing the electronics housing 43 on the adapter plate 34 and connecting it to the adapter plate 34 in a fluid-tight manner (not shown).
  • Fig. 21 an example of the adapter plate 34 not according to the invention is shown.
  • the tubes 18 of the heating register 9 are not inserted into the openings 39 of the adapter plate 34, but the adapter plate 34 is provided with a groove 40 completely encircling the openings 39 and the ends 38 of the tubes 18 are arranged in the groove 40 and with the adapter plate 34 mechanically connected to the groove 40 and also connected in a fluid-tight manner.
  • the connection can be made with a material fit, for example by means of gluing, welding or soldering.
  • FIG. 22 shows a fourth embodiment of the adapter plate 34 in the Figures 22 to 24 .
  • the adapter plate 34 is connected to the electronics housing 43 by means of a clip connection 52.
  • the adapter plate 34 is provided with a total of six adapter plate tabs 57, three adapter plate tabs 57 on each side of the adapter plate 34.
  • the electronics housing 43 also has six electronics housing tabs 56 on the lower edge, three electronics housing tabs 56 on one side. Both the electronics housing tabs 56 and the adapter plate tabs 57 each have a tab opening 58 ( Fig. 23 ) on.
  • Fig. 22 FIG. 13 shows a disconnected state of the electronics housing 43 with the adapter plate 34 and FIG Fig. 22 FIG.
  • FIG 4 shows a connected state of the adapter plate 34 with the electronics housing 43.
  • a clip 59 is arranged with its ends at the upper end in the tab opening 58 of the electronics housing tab 56 and at the lower end of the tab opening 58 of the adapter plate tab 57.
  • the clip 59 for example made of metal or plastic, is pretensioned here and the electronics housing tab 56 is pressed onto the adapter plate tab 57 as a result.
  • the seal 45 between the electronics housing 43 and the adapter plate 34 is oversized with respect to a recess in the electronics housing 43 or the electronics housing tab 56, so that in the in Fig.
  • the seal 45 is pretensioned as an elastic O-ring seal made of rubber, thereby ensuring a permanent and reliable fluid-tight seal between the electronics housing 43 and the adapter plate 34.
  • the O-ring seal 45 is arranged around the entire circumference between the electronics housing 43 and the adapter plate 34.
  • Fig. 24 and 25th is a complement to that in the Fig. 22 and 23 illustrated embodiment shown.
  • the electronics housing 43 is provided with a heat sink 64 ( Fig. 24 and 25th ) Mistake.
  • the cooling body 64 is sealed in a fluid-tight manner with respect to the electronics housing 43 and is arranged both inside the electronics housing 43 and outside the electronics housing 43.
  • heat sink 54 arranged outside the electronics housing 43, heat can thus be given off from electronics (not shown), in particular power electronics, to the ambient air by means of heat conduction through the heat sink 64. This is possible without any problems because the heat exchanger 1 is surrounded by ambient air.
  • Fig. 26 and 27 is in addition to Fig. 15 the adapter plate 34 shown in the third embodiment. It is in the adapter plate 34 in the third embodiment according to Fig. 15 , 26th and 27 the adapter plate 34 is connected to the electronics housing 43 by means of a crimped connection 53.
  • the adapter plate 34 has a vertically aligned adapter wall 61 on the outer edge.
  • the completely circumferential and vertically aligned adapter wall 61 has only a small extent in the vertical direction and a multiplicity of elongated holes 60 are arranged in this adapter wall 61.
  • This part 62 of the adapter wall 61 can be deformed in the process.
  • the fluid-tight seal between the electronics housing 43 and the adapter plate 34 takes place in a manner analogous to that in the previous exemplary embodiment by means of a seal 45 as an elastic O-ring seal, which is elastically pretensioned.
  • a seal 45 as an elastic O-ring seal, which is elastically pretensioned.
  • the electronics housing 43 with the opening at the bottom must first be introduced into the area or space between the vertically aligned adapter wall 61 and placed on the seal 45 and pressed on until the seal 45 is elastically pretensioned. Then on the part 62 of the adapter wall 61 above the elongated hole 60 (in Fig.
  • a fifth embodiment of the adapter plate 34 is shown.
  • the adapter plate 34 is detachably connected to the electronics housing 43 by means of a screw connection 54.
  • the adapter plate 34 has in a manner analogous to the fourth embodiment according to Figures 22 to 24 a total of six adapter plate tabs 57, three being arranged on each side.
  • the electronics housing 43 has a total of six electronics housing tabs 56, three of which are arranged on one side and in Fig. 28 only three electronics housing tabs 56 are visible due to the perspective view.
  • the electronics housing tabs 56 each have a blind hole with a thread.
  • the adapter plate tabs 57 have a hole through which a screw 63 can be inserted from below, and due to a screw head that has a larger diameter than the hole in the adapter plate tab 57, the head of the screw 63 rests on the adapter plate tab 57.
  • the electronics housing 43 is to be placed on the adapter plate 34 in such a way that the blind holes in the electronics housing tabs 56 are aligned with the bores in the adapter plate tabs 57 and then the screw 63 with an external thread can be inserted with the internal thread using a screwdriver Blind holes of the electronics housing tabs 56 are screwed.
  • a lower end of the tubes 18 of the heat exchanger 1 is secured by means of a cover plate 55 as shown in FIG Fig. 28 and 29 sealed fluid-tight.
  • the cover plate 55 is connected to the tubes 18 by means of a soldered connection, for example. This also applies to the tubes 18 of the heat exchanger 1 in the in Fig. 22 illustrated embodiment.
  • the heat exchanger 1 is associated with significant advantages.
  • the individual heating registers 9 of the heat exchanger 1 can be mechanically connected to the adapter plate 34 to form a heat exchanger 1 with a plurality of heating registers 9.
  • the heating registers 9 or the tubes 18 of the heating registers 9 are arranged in a fluid-tight manner at the openings 39 of the adapter plate 34, so that a fluid-tight sealing of the heating registers 9 with respect to the environment is thereby possible in a simple manner.
  • An electronics housing 43 is attached to the adapter plate 34 in a fluid-tight manner and this enables permanent electrical insulation of the heat exchanger 1 with little technical effort. This enables permanent protection against contact with the electrically conductive parts of the heat exchanger 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Echangeur de chaleur (1) comprenant :
    - au moins un élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2) conçu comme un élément - CTP - à coefficient de température positif (3),
    - au moins deux conducteurs (4), en particulier des plaquettes de circuits imprimés (6, 7), connectés de façon électroconductrice à l'élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2) au moins au nombre de un, pour faire passer le courant électrique à travers l'élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2) au moins au nombre de un et, de ce fait, pour chauffer l'élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2),
    - au moins un élément thermoconducteur (11, 12) servant à la transmission de chaleur à un fluide à chauffer, ladite transmission de chaleur se produisant à partir de l'élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2) au moins au nombre de un,
    - au moins un élément isolant électrique (22) qui isole électriquement les conducteurs (4) au moins au nombre de deux et, de préférence, l'élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2) au moins au nombre de un,
    - au moins un tube (18) comprenant une ouverture tubulaire (37), où
    - les conducteurs (4) au moins au nombre de deux, l'élément isolant électrique (22) au moins au nombre de un et l'élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2) au moins au nombre de un sont disposés à l'intérieur d'au moins un espace creux (19) délimité par le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un,
    où l'échangeur de chaleur (1) comprend une plaque d'adaptation (34) comportant au moins une ouverture (39), et où un tube (18) comportant une extrémité (38) au niveau de l'ouverture tubulaire (37) est disposé à chaque fois à l'intérieur d'une ouverture respective (39) de la plaque d'adaptation (34), et une ouverture tubulaire (37) est disposée à chaque fois au niveau d'une ouverture respective (39) de la plaque d'adaptation (34), et le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un est raccordé de façon fluidiquement étanche à la plaque d'adaptation (34), caractérisé en ce que la plaque d'adaptation (34) est raccordée de façon fluidiquement étanche à un boîtier électronique (43) et à un carter (26) du système de climatisation.
  2. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le tube (18) est raccordé, extérieurement, à la plaque d'adaptation (34) de façon fluidiquement étanche.
  3. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la géométrie du tube (18) au moins au nombre de un correspond extérieurement, au niveau de l'extrémité (38) comportant l'ouverture tubulaire (37), à la géométrie de l'ouverture (39) de la plaque d'adaptation (34).
  4. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque d'adaptation (34) se compose au moins en partie, en particulier en totalité, de métal, par exemple d'aluminium, d'acier ou d'acier spécial, ou bien de matière plastique, de préférence thermoplastique, et/ou concernant le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un et la plaque d'adaptation (34), il existe un assemblage dans l'espace creux (19) délimité par le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un, réalisé seulement à travers l'ouverture (39) de la plaque d'adaptation (34) et à travers l'ouverture tubulaire (37), et/ou un élément d'étanchéité (44) est disposé entre la plaque d'adaptation (34) et le boîtier électronique (43) et/ou entre la plaque d'adaptation (34) et le carter (26) du système de climatisation, et en particulier l'élément d'étanchéité (44) est un joint d'étanchéité (45), par exemple un joint torique d'étanchéité, ou bien de la colle ou du silicone.
  5. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque d'adaptation (34) est conçue en formant une seule et même pièce et/ou un refroidisseur (64) servant au refroidissement de l'électronique à l'intérieur du boîtier électronique (43) est disposé à l'extérieur du boîtier électronique (43) et sur le boîtier électronique (43).
  6. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un est relié à la plaque d'adaptation (34) par un assemblage obtenu par continuité de matière et/ou par complémentarité de forme et/ou par action de force.
  7. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un est relié à la plaque d'adaptation (34) par un assemblage brasé, soudé ou collé et/ou le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un est rendu fluidiquement étanche au niveau de la plaque d'adaptation (34), avec un élément d'étanchéité (44), par exemple avec un anneau d'étanchéité.
  8. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un est, en section, composé d'une ou de plusieurs parties, en particulier de deux parties, et/ou le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un est, en section, symétrique ou asymétrique, et/ou le tube (18) au moins au nombre de un est constitué de deux demi-coques.
  9. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'élément isolant électrique (22) au moins au nombre de un est une masse de scellement (51), de préférence durcissable et/ou durcie, et/ou l'élément isolant électrique (22) au moins au nombre de un est un joint moulé (23), par exemple une manche (46), une feuille (47) ou une plaquette (48), en particulier une plaquette en céramique (49) et, de préférence, la plaquette (48) est reliée à l'élément chauffant à résistance électrique (2) au moins au nombre de un par un assemblage obtenu par continuité de matière.
  10. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la plaque d'adaptation (34) comprend une première partie d'assemblage (41) servant à l'assemblage avec un boîtier électronique (43) et/ou la plaque d'adaptation (34) comprend une seconde partie d'assemblage (42) servant à l'assemblage avec un carter (26) du système de climatisation et/ou la plaque d'adaptation (34) est reliée au boîtier électronique (43) et/ou au carter (26) du système de climatisation par un assemblage obtenu par continuité de matière et/ou par complémentarité de forme et/ou par action de force, et/ou la plaque d'adaptation (34) est reliée au boîtier électronique (43) et/ou au carter (26) du système de climatisation par un assemblage clipsé et/ou par un assemblage réalisé par sertissage (53) et/ou par un assemblage vissé (54).
  11. Système de climatisation (24) d'un véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce que le système de climatisation (24) du véhicule automobile comprend au moins un échangeur de chaleur (1) selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes.
EP10290484.4A 2010-09-13 2010-09-13 Echangeur de chaleur Active EP2428746B8 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10290484.4A EP2428746B8 (fr) 2010-09-13 2010-09-13 Echangeur de chaleur
CN201110270298.4A CN102434968B (zh) 2010-09-13 2011-09-13 热交换器
US13/231,556 US9915441B2 (en) 2010-09-13 2011-09-13 Heat exchanger

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10290484.4A EP2428746B8 (fr) 2010-09-13 2010-09-13 Echangeur de chaleur

Publications (4)

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EP2428746A1 EP2428746A1 (fr) 2012-03-14
EP2428746B1 EP2428746B1 (fr) 2015-04-08
EP2428746B2 true EP2428746B2 (fr) 2021-08-18
EP2428746B8 EP2428746B8 (fr) 2021-12-29

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US (1) US9915441B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2428746B8 (fr)
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CN102434968A (zh) 2012-05-02
EP2428746B8 (fr) 2021-12-29
EP2428746A1 (fr) 2012-03-14
US9915441B2 (en) 2018-03-13
CN102434968B (zh) 2015-10-28
US20120061366A1 (en) 2012-03-15
EP2428746B1 (fr) 2015-04-08

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