EP2505919A1 - Verfahren zur Optimierung des Ausbrands von Abgasen einer Verbrennungsanlage durch Homogenisierung der Abgase über dem Brennbett mittels Abgas-Einspritzung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Optimierung des Ausbrands von Abgasen einer Verbrennungsanlage durch Homogenisierung der Abgase über dem Brennbett mittels Abgas-Einspritzung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2505919A1
EP2505919A1 EP11002575A EP11002575A EP2505919A1 EP 2505919 A1 EP2505919 A1 EP 2505919A1 EP 11002575 A EP11002575 A EP 11002575A EP 11002575 A EP11002575 A EP 11002575A EP 2505919 A1 EP2505919 A1 EP 2505919A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion chamber
combustion
nozzle
primary
solid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP11002575A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Maurice Henri Waldner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kanadevia Inova AG
Original Assignee
Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=44501668&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP2505919(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Hitachi Zosen Innova AG filed Critical Hitachi Zosen Innova AG
Priority to EP11002575A priority Critical patent/EP2505919A1/de
Priority to JP2014501477A priority patent/JP2014513786A/ja
Priority to NO12712955A priority patent/NO2691701T3/no
Priority to EP12712955.9A priority patent/EP2691701B2/de
Priority to PCT/EP2012/001361 priority patent/WO2012130446A1/de
Priority to US14/008,798 priority patent/US20140182492A1/en
Priority to PL12712955.9T priority patent/PL2691701T5/pl
Priority to FIEP12712955.9T priority patent/FI2691701T4/en
Priority to RS20171117A priority patent/RS56483B2/sr
Priority to ES12712955T priority patent/ES2647667T5/es
Publication of EP2505919A1 publication Critical patent/EP2505919A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
    • F23G5/16—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber
    • F23G5/165—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion in a separate combustion chamber arranged at a different level
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/02—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air above the fire
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/07002—Injecting inert gas, other than steam or evaporated water, into the combustion chambers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for optimizing the combustion of exhaust gases of a combustion plant according to the preamble of claim 1 and a combustion chamber for carrying out the method and a waste incineration plant comprising such a combustion chamber.
  • Incinerators for burning solid fuels such as municipal waste, refuse derived fuels, biomass and other materials are well known to those skilled in the art. Such plants include a combustion chamber in which the solid is burned with supply of primary air, which is referred to as primary combustion. The solid from the inlet into the combustion chamber to the outlet through various sub-processes, which can be roughly subdivided into drying, ignition, combustion and ash burning.
  • exhaust gases of different composition are generated. While in the drying phase, the primary air only absorbs moisture from the solid to be burned, can be found in the ignition phase pyrolytic decomposition products. In contrast to the drying phase, the oxygen supplied in the ignition phase is often completely converted, so that the exhaust gas flow generated in this phase has very little or no oxygen. In the combustion phase, exhaust gases with typical compositions of CO, CO 2 , O 2 , H 2 O and N 2 are formed , while finally there is practically fresh air above the ash.
  • these different exhaust gas streams pass into a secondary combustion chamber arranged downstream in the direction of flow, where they are burnt out with the supply of secondary air, which is referred to as secondary combustion.
  • a method comprising a combustion of the solid and an afterburning of the incompletely combusted exhaust gas constituents is known, for example, from US Pat WO2007 / 090510
  • the aim of this invention is to reduce the primary nitrogen compounds NH 3 and HCN in order to minimize the formation of nitrogen oxides (NO x ) in the post-combustion chamber.
  • the reduction of nitrogen oxides is also in WO99 / 58902 addressed.
  • the gases emerging from the combustion chamber are homogenized with the addition of an oxygen-free or oxygen-poor medium in a mixing stage, after which the homogenized exhaust gas flow passes through a steady zone in which the already formed nitrogen oxides are to be reduced.
  • the amount of accumulating pyrolysis gas is so large that the locally available secondary air amount is not sufficient for a complete burnout. This causes unburned gases to escape from the post-combustion chamber, resulting in, for example, CO peaks in the chimney.
  • the peripheral wall surrounding the combustion chamber or the afterburning chamber can be damaged on the one hand by the prevailing high temperatures.
  • caking or coking may occur in this area, which must be removed in time-consuming maintenance work.
  • the aim of the present invention is thus to provide a method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of a combustion plant, which on the one hand ensures a high degree of operational reliability and which, on the other hand, allows a high energy recovery from the combustion to be obtained.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the steps of introducing the solid to be combusted via an inlet into a combustion chamber defining a primary combustion chamber, combusting the solid in the primary combustion chamber in the form of a combustion bed conveyed via a combustion grate by supplying primary air and the combusted solid via a combustion chamber is discharged in the conveying direction opposite the inlet arranged outlet from the primary combustion chamber.
  • the primary combustion gases liberated upon combustion of the solid become downstream in the flow direction, i. usually arranged above the combustion chamber, a secondary combustion chamber defining Nachbrennkanmer burned under supply of secondary air.
  • the primary combustion gases containing exhaust gases homogenized in a mixing zone. This is done by means of a fluid introduced via a nozzle.
  • a fluid introduced via a nozzle.
  • Homogenization is understood in this context to mean that the exhaust gases or the individual exhaust gas streams of different composition are mixed in such a way that the most homogeneous possible gas mixture is obtained.
  • the mixing zone now at least approximately immediately adjoins the combustion bed in the flow direction of the exhaust gases. As a rule, it is thus arranged in other words at least approximately directly above the combustion bed.
  • the homogenization of the exhaust gas streams generated in the individual combustion zones results in a gas mixture which is optimally preconditioned for afterburning in the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the present invention thus allows to ensure an optimal combustion of the exhaust gases even at low (secondary) excess air; the emission of pollutants, such as CO or unburned Hydrocarbons, can thus be kept very low even with small amounts of supplied secondary air.
  • the distance between the mixing zone and the fuel bed is at most 1.5 meters, preferably at most 0.8 meters.
  • This distance thus refers to the maximum distance between the upper limit of the fuel bed and the beginning of the mixing zone viewed in the direction of flow of the exhaust gases. Said maximum distance still falls under the term "approximately above the fuel bed” in view of the usual dimensions of an incinerator. Since the upper limit of the fuel bed is typically about 0.3 to 1 meter above the surface of the combustion grate, the mixing zone is appropriately spaced from the combustion grate.
  • the mixing zone extends at most up to a distance of 2 meters measured from the fuel bed.
  • the mixing zone according to this embodiment ends after a maximum of 2 meters and thus still at a sufficient distance in front of the Secondary air.
  • said upper limit is sufficient to obtain the desired homogenization of the exhaust gases.
  • the exit velocity of the fluid from the nozzle is about 40 to about 120 m / s, preferably about 90 m / s.
  • the respective nozzle is preferably oriented at an angle of -10 ° to + 10 °, preferably -5 ° to + 5 °, relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
  • the fluid comprises a flue gas returned from a downstream zone of the secondary combustion chamber.
  • the recirculation preferably takes place from a zone between the steam generator and the chimney.
  • the amount of introduced flue gas is about 5 to 35% of the amount of primary air supplied, preferably about 20%.
  • any other conceivable fluid may be used, in particular air, an inert gas, such as e.g. Nitrogen, water vapor or mixtures thereof.
  • the injection of the fluid takes place via a nozzle or nozzle row arranged in this region.
  • a very pronounced temperature imbalance and thus damage or Contamination of the peripheral wall surrounding the combustion chamber can be effectively prevented.
  • the respective nozzle preferably has an outer tube and an inner tube extending in the axial direction of the outer tube and enclosed by the inner tube, wherein the inner tube is intended for guiding the flue gas and the outer tube for guiding air ,
  • the air flow serves as a shield that protects the nozzle from the addition of entrained in the flue gas impurities.
  • deposits could easily lead to caking, which can lead to failure of the nozzle in extreme cases; This is effectively prevented according to the described embodiment.
  • At least 1 nozzle per meter of the combustion chamber width is provided.
  • the present invention further relates to a combustion chamber for carrying out the method.
  • This comprises a peripheral wall enclosing a primary combustion chamber, an inlet for introducing the solid to be combusted into the primary combustion space, a combustion grate for combustion of the solid, one opposite the inlet in the conveying direction of the solid arranged outlet for discharging the burnt solid from the primary combustion chamber and a nozzle for homogenizing the exhaust gases containing the liberated during combustion primary combustion gases.
  • the nozzle according to the invention is arranged in a range of at most 3 meters, preferably 0.5 meters to 3 meters, most preferably 0.5 to 2 meters above the combustion grate.
  • the nozzle is arranged in the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber, preferably in the region of the inlet or the outlet.
  • the nozzle is preferably oriented at an angle of -10 ° to + 10 °, more preferably -5 ° to + 5 ° relative to the inclination of the combustion grate.
  • the present invention also comprises a waste incineration plant comprising a combustion chamber as described.
  • the solid 2 to be incinerated is introduced into a filling funnel 4 and introduced therefrom, as a rule by means of a metering ram, via an inlet 6 into the combustion chamber 8.
  • the combustion chamber 8 comprises a peripheral wall 10, which encloses an upwardly tapering, primary combustion chamber 12.
  • the solid 2 is conveyed in the form of a fuel bed 14 via a (advancing) combustion grate 16 through which primary air flows and thereby burned.
  • a drying zone In the conveying direction F, there are successively a drying zone, an ignition zone, a combustion zone and an ash combustion zone, before the burnt solid is discharged via an outlet 18 arranged opposite the inlet 6 and subsequently fed to a slag conveyor via a purifier.
  • the distribution of the primary air takes place in the embodiment shown via individual sub-wind chambers 20a, 20b, 20c, 20d, which are fed via separate primary air lines 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d.
  • nozzles 24a, 24b, 24c via which a fluid is introduced into the combustion chamber 8.
  • a nozzle 24a is arranged in the inlet-side region 8 'of the combustion chamber 8, Specifically, in an inlet facing, obliquely upwardly extending portion 10 'of the peripheral wall 10.
  • Two nozzles 24b, 24c are arranged in the outlet side region 8 ", wherein a nozzle 24b in the obliquely upwardly extending portion 10" and one in which the end face
  • any other number and arrangement of the nozzles suitable for the purposes of the present invention is also conceivable.
  • the exhaust gases which contain the combustion gases liberated during the combustion, are homogenized in a mixing zone 26 which adjoins the combustion bed 14 in the flow direction at least approximately directly.
  • This homogenization is indicated in the figure by dashed arrows, where A schematically denotes the region of relatively high temperature and relatively high concentration of primary combustion gases, and B denotes the region of lower temperature and lower concentration of primary combustion gases.
  • an afterburner chamber 28 which is connected downstream of the combustion chamber 8 and defines a secondary combustion chamber 27, in which the exhaust gases are burned with the supply of secondary air.
  • an afterburner chamber 28 in which the exhaust gases are burned with the supply of secondary air.
  • nozzles 32a, 32b are provided for introducing the secondary air.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
EP11002575A 2011-03-29 2011-03-29 Verfahren zur Optimierung des Ausbrands von Abgasen einer Verbrennungsanlage durch Homogenisierung der Abgase über dem Brennbett mittels Abgas-Einspritzung Withdrawn EP2505919A1 (de)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11002575A EP2505919A1 (de) 2011-03-29 2011-03-29 Verfahren zur Optimierung des Ausbrands von Abgasen einer Verbrennungsanlage durch Homogenisierung der Abgase über dem Brennbett mittels Abgas-Einspritzung
ES12712955T ES2647667T5 (es) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Procedimiento para la optimización de la combustión completa de gases de escape de una planta incineradora
PCT/EP2012/001361 WO2012130446A1 (de) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Verfahren zur optimierung des ausbrands von abgasen einer verbrennungsanlage
NO12712955A NO2691701T3 (sr) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28
EP12712955.9A EP2691701B2 (de) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Verfahren zur optimierung des ausbrands von abgasen einer verbrennungsanlage
JP2014501477A JP2014513786A (ja) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 焼却炉の排ガスの完全燃焼を最適化する方法
US14/008,798 US20140182492A1 (en) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Method for optimizing the burnout of exhaust gases of an incinerator
PL12712955.9T PL2691701T5 (pl) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Sposób optymalizacji wypalania gazów odpadowych spalarni
FIEP12712955.9T FI2691701T4 (en) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Procedure for optimizing the final combustion of exhaust gases in an incineration plant
RS20171117A RS56483B2 (sr) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Postupak optimizacije naknadnog sagorevanja gasova postrojenja za sagorevanje

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11002575A EP2505919A1 (de) 2011-03-29 2011-03-29 Verfahren zur Optimierung des Ausbrands von Abgasen einer Verbrennungsanlage durch Homogenisierung der Abgase über dem Brennbett mittels Abgas-Einspritzung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2505919A1 true EP2505919A1 (de) 2012-10-03

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ID=44501668

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11002575A Withdrawn EP2505919A1 (de) 2011-03-29 2011-03-29 Verfahren zur Optimierung des Ausbrands von Abgasen einer Verbrennungsanlage durch Homogenisierung der Abgase über dem Brennbett mittels Abgas-Einspritzung
EP12712955.9A Active EP2691701B2 (de) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Verfahren zur optimierung des ausbrands von abgasen einer verbrennungsanlage

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP12712955.9A Active EP2691701B2 (de) 2011-03-29 2012-03-28 Verfahren zur optimierung des ausbrands von abgasen einer verbrennungsanlage

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US20140182492A1 (sr)
EP (2) EP2505919A1 (sr)
JP (1) JP2014513786A (sr)
ES (1) ES2647667T5 (sr)
FI (1) FI2691701T4 (sr)
NO (1) NO2691701T3 (sr)
PL (1) PL2691701T5 (sr)
RS (1) RS56483B2 (sr)
WO (1) WO2012130446A1 (sr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2015068517A (ja) * 2013-09-27 2015-04-13 日立造船株式会社 焼却炉における燃焼運転方法および焼却炉
JP6260058B2 (ja) 2014-09-12 2018-01-17 三菱重工環境・化学エンジニアリング株式会社 ストーカ式焼却炉
CN112384736B (zh) * 2018-10-05 2023-04-11 三菱重工业株式会社 加料式焚烧设备以及被焚烧物的焚烧方法
US10816197B2 (en) * 2018-12-07 2020-10-27 Eco Burn Inc. System for the dynamic movement of waste in an incinerator
MY210314A (en) * 2019-03-15 2025-09-11 Kanadevia Corp Incinerator

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US5313895A (en) 1990-11-22 1994-05-24 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of inhibiting formation of unburned substances in refuse incinerator, and refuse incinerator
WO1999058902A1 (de) 1998-05-11 1999-11-18 Alstom Power (Schweiz) Ag Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung von feststoffen
EP1077077A2 (de) * 1999-08-12 2001-02-21 ABB (Schweiz) AG Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Feststoffen
EP1081434A1 (de) * 1999-08-30 2001-03-07 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer rotierenden Strömung
EP1382906A2 (en) 1997-03-26 2004-01-21 Nkk Corporation Combustion control method and apparatus for waste incinerators
EP1508745A2 (de) * 2003-08-22 2005-02-23 Fisia Babcock Environment GmbH Verfahren zur NOx-Minderung in Feuerräumen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
WO2007090510A1 (de) 2006-02-07 2007-08-16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur primärseitigen stickoxidminderung in einem zweistufigen verbrennungsprozess

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5313895A (en) 1990-11-22 1994-05-24 Hitachi Zosen Corporation Method of inhibiting formation of unburned substances in refuse incinerator, and refuse incinerator
EP1382906A2 (en) 1997-03-26 2004-01-21 Nkk Corporation Combustion control method and apparatus for waste incinerators
WO1999058902A1 (de) 1998-05-11 1999-11-18 Alstom Power (Schweiz) Ag Verfahren zur thermischen behandlung von feststoffen
EP1077077A2 (de) * 1999-08-12 2001-02-21 ABB (Schweiz) AG Verfahren zur thermischen Behandlung von Feststoffen
EP1081434A1 (de) * 1999-08-30 2001-03-07 Von Roll Umwelttechnik AG Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung einer rotierenden Strömung
EP1508745A2 (de) * 2003-08-22 2005-02-23 Fisia Babcock Environment GmbH Verfahren zur NOx-Minderung in Feuerräumen und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
WO2007090510A1 (de) 2006-02-07 2007-08-16 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh Verfahren zur primärseitigen stickoxidminderung in einem zweistufigen verbrennungsprozess

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2691701B2 (de) 2024-03-20
PL2691701T5 (pl) 2024-07-15
FI2691701T4 (en) 2024-04-04
EP2691701A1 (de) 2014-02-05
EP2691701B1 (de) 2017-08-23
NO2691701T3 (sr) 2018-01-20
RS56483B1 (sr) 2018-01-31
ES2647667T3 (es) 2017-12-26
PL2691701T3 (pl) 2018-01-31
WO2012130446A1 (de) 2012-10-04
RS56483B2 (sr) 2024-04-30
US20140182492A1 (en) 2014-07-03
ES2647667T5 (es) 2024-09-19
JP2014513786A (ja) 2014-06-05

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