EP2651847A1 - Procede pour preparer un materiau isolant - Google Patents
Procede pour preparer un materiau isolantInfo
- Publication number
- EP2651847A1 EP2651847A1 EP11805109.3A EP11805109A EP2651847A1 EP 2651847 A1 EP2651847 A1 EP 2651847A1 EP 11805109 A EP11805109 A EP 11805109A EP 2651847 A1 EP2651847 A1 EP 2651847A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- insulating material
- silica
- blowing agent
- dpm
- substrate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
- E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
- E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
- E04B1/78—Heat insulating elements
- E04B1/80—Heat insulating elements slab-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C44/00—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles
- B29C44/02—Shaping by internal pressure generated in the material, e.g. swelling or foaming ; Producing porous or cellular expanded plastics articles for articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B26/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing only organic binders, e.g. polymer or resin concrete
- C04B26/02—Macromolecular compounds
- C04B26/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C04B26/06—Acrylates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
- Y02B30/90—Passive houses; Double facade technology
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a thermal insulating material, the thermal insulating material capable of being prepared according to the manufacturing method, and its use for the insulation of buildings and especially as an insulation panel.
- thermal insulation products A wide variety of thermal insulation products are known. Among these, it is possible to cite mainly fiber-based insulators, natural or synthetic, such as glass or rock wool, cellular insulators of the expanded or foamed polymer type such as expanded polystyrene (EPS) or extruded, or else phenolic foams or polyurethane (PU).
- Cellular insulating materials may advantageously incorporate a gas of lower thermal conductivity than air to achieve thermal performance close to 30 mW / (m.K) at room temperature.
- a disadvantage of these materials is the difficulty of keeping the low conductivity gas within the matrix over time, and the material loses as it ages some of these thermal performance.
- porous or microporous materials in which partial vacuum has been carried out, for example to lead to vacuum panels.
- These insulators are difficult to use because they undergo degradation of their insulation property during their transformation (cutting, performance, etc.).
- US Pat. No. 4,636,415 and US Pat. No. 4,159,359 also disclose the use of precipitated or fumed silica particles for the manufacture of insulating walls (refrigerators ). These documents describe methods for preparing dry powdered silica materials, which require in particular a dry compaction step. Such methods make it difficult to incorporate adjuvants or additives necessary for shaping the final material and improving its thermal and mechanical properties, and are not suitable for a building application.
- silica airgel particles for the manufacture of high performance insulating products.
- Silica aerogels that can achieve low thermal conductivities of up to 12 mW / (m ⁇ K) at room temperature are generally produced from silica gel dried under special conditions. They can be in the form of either translucent granules or fine powders which require specific shaping steps to integrate them into conventional insulating products such as insulating panels (thermal, acoustic ...) for the insulation of walls or walls of buildings.
- These silica aerogels are difficult and expensive to obtain on an industrial scale, in particular because they require delicate drying conditions. There is therefore a strong demand to develop comparable materials in terms of thermal performance, but easier to manufacture industrially.
- the present invention aims to provide a method of manufacturing a new insulating material having very good thermal performance. This material must be usable in applications as a building insulation.
- the present invention also aims at providing a method of manufacturing a material that is easy to implement and capable of being shaped in any desired form, in particular by casting on a support or by molding.
- the process should be compatible with incorporation of compounds such as binders, additives and / or adjuvants, in liquid, gel and / or solid form.
- the present invention relates in a first aspect to a method of manufacturing a thermal insulating material comprising the following steps: a) preparing an aqueous mixture of a solid mineral substance in suspension of specific surface area S, greater than 5 m 2 / g;
- the term "preformed" in the context of the process of the invention described above corresponds to an intermediate shaping of the product during the course of this manufacturing process.
- the product obtained can be used as is or undergo further shaping steps such as at least one cutting, grinding, compression ...
- the substrate is partially dried at least in step e), i.e. at least 30% or at least 50% of the water is removed from the substrate, preferably at least 70%, preferably 80% or more. %, even 90% and even at least 99% of the water is removed from the substrate.
- Steps e) and f) can be performed in any order, preferably step f) follows step e).
- Step e) can be included in step f), i.e. drying can be done during the substrate removal step.
- the mineral substance and the blowing agent in the context of the invention as described above are preferably chosen such that 3 / S ⁇ Dpm ⁇ 30 / S, and advantageously 5 / S ⁇ Dpm ⁇ 15 / S.
- porogenic agents are substantially spherical, the Dpm of the distribution of their size then corresponds to their mean particle diameter and is measured according to the standard ISO 13321: 1996 by dynamic light scattering.
- mineral substance in the sense of the present invention refers to any solid material formed of inorganic molecules, for example based on metal oxide, which can be used directly from a raw material or prepared from inorganic precursors.
- the suspended mineral substance described above in the process of the invention is a powder whose particle size varies preferably from 1 ⁇ to 10 mm median diameter D50 measured by laser diffraction particle size analysis according to ISO 13320-1: 2000.
- the specific surface area S of the mineral substance described in stage a) is preferably greater than 10 m 2 / g, more preferably it is greater than 20 m 2 / g, and advantageously it is greater than 30 m 2 / g, more preferably it is greater than 40 m 2 / g, or even 50 m 2 / g.
- this specific surface area S of the mineral substance is greater than 60 m 2 / g, more preferably it is greater than 70 m 2 / g, more advantageously it is greater than 80 m 2 / g, and even more preferably it is greater than 90 m 2 / g, or even 100 m 2 / g.
- porogenic agent or "porogen” in the context of the present invention refers to any substance capable of generating porosity within a material, in particular by means of a treatment subsequent to the insertion of this agent. at the heart of the material, to eliminate it at least partially.
- the blowing agent may be partially removed, for example 90% of the mass of the blower is removed in the substrate; so that when too much of the porogen is added in step b) relative to the amount necessary to achieve the expected effect, it corrects by removing only the useful mass to achieve this effect.
- the method of the invention makes it possible to improve the thermal properties of the material.
- a pore-forming agent the size of which is connected to the specific surface of the mineral substance according to the relationship as specified above, and its at least partial removal after drying, makes it possible to obtain a substrate whose conductivity temperature is considerably lowered, and becomes less than 45 mW / (mK).
- the thermal conductivities were measured with a fluxmeter of the NETZSCH TM HFM 436 series by following the protocols established by the ASTM C518 and ISO 8301 standards.
- the improvement in thermal conductivity is attributed largely to the increase in the pore volume relative to the reference material.
- the addition of porosity is carried out by adding pore-forming agents around which the aggregates of mineral substance are structured, the removal of pore-forming agents causes the formation of the porosity in a controlled manner to lower the thermal conductivity of the obtained mineral material.
- the stirring (step c)) serves to completely disperse the mineral substance and to homogenize the mixture with the porogens, it can be done mechanically using for example any mechanical stirrer such as a magnetic bar or a pale . Alternatively, or in combination, sonication may be preferably used to deagglomerate and / or disperse and suspend the mineral substance.
- the weight ratio of the mineral substance relative to the blowing agent has a value which is from 0.2 to 3.
- the ratio weight of the mineral substance relative to the blowing agent is 0.7 to 2.5. More advantageously, the weight ratio of the mineral substance relative to the blowing agent is from 1 to 2.
- At least 10% of the weight of the blowing agent is removed in step f).
- at least 30% advantageously at least 50%, even more preferably at least 90%, and even at least 99% of the blowing agent is removed in step f).
- the mass of the blowing agent will be expressed relative to the dry extract.
- the mineral substance is chosen from at least one of the following substances: at least one silicate, at least one amorphous silica such as a precipitated silica, a fumed silica, a silica fume, a silica gel and a silica airgel, at least one carbonate and at least one clay.
- at least one silicate at least one amorphous silica such as a precipitated silica, a fumed silica, a silica fume, a silica gel and a silica airgel, at least one carbonate and at least one clay.
- Silicates and carbonates of choice as the mineral substance are the silicates and carbonates of alkali metal or alkaline earth metal, and preferably it will be calcium carbonate and / or magnesium carbonate.
- the inorganic substance is an amorphous silica.
- amorphous silicas precipitated silica and / or fumed silica (such as the fumed silica marketed by Wacker TM under the reference HDK®T30) are preferred.
- the amorphous silica presented above in the context of the invention is a precipitated silica.
- the precipitated silica marketed under the reference Tixosil®365 by Rhodia TM of 160 m 2 / g of specific surface area measured by BET according to the ISO 5794/1: 2010 standard will be used.
- the precipitated silica is obtained by acidifying a solution of sodium silicate (or other alkali metal) in a stirred and heated aqueous medium. Primary particles of silica grow to a size of 4 to 50 nm which coagulate into aggregates by the effect of sodium ions from the silicate, stirring (or sonication) of the mixture having the effect of avoiding the formation of 'a gel.
- the precipitated silica suspension thus produced is washed with soluble salts, then filtered and the filter cake is dried (in particular by atomization or rotary drying) then the solid obtained can be ground and the particles separated according to their size.
- the blowing agent may comprise substantially spherical particles comprising essentially, or even solely, at least one organic material, preferably in colloidal form, for example an organic polymer in colloidal form.
- organic material can also be used starch particles, such particles are described in EP 1 403 231.
- the blowing agent may also be an assembly formed from surfactants, polymers such as amphiphilic block copolymers, or an inorganic blowing agent.
- inorganic porogens examples include inorganic salts (in combination with an organic polymer), of the NaCl type, incorporated in the aqueous mixture preferably containing a cosolvent, for example ethanol. Inorganic salts are subsequently removed by washing as explained for example in Chem. Mater. 1999, 11,
- the calcination temperature of the porogen must be less than 700 ° C.
- the pore-forming agent is at least one organic particle.
- Such an organic particle consists mainly, if not solely, of an organic material.
- Such organic particles may be wholly or partly made up of polymers such as amphiphilic block copolymers, also called stereoregular block polymers, comprising AB or ABA blocks, in which A represents a hydrophilic block such as polyethylene oxide (POE). ) or polyacrylic acid (PAA) and B a hydrophobic block such as polystyrene (PS), polypropylene oxide (PPO), polyisoprene (PI), or polyvinylpyridine (PVP).
- the organic particle used in the manufacturing process of the insulating material according to the invention is a latex particle.
- latex in the sense of the present invention denotes a dispersion or colloidal suspension of polymers and / or particles consisting of macromolecules, such a definition of the term “latex” is given, for example, in “synthetic latices, ed. Lavoisier, J-C Daniel et al., Page 15 ".
- the polymer (and / or copolymer) mentioned above may be self-emulsifiable, or the emulsion or dispersion may be stabilized by suitable surfactants.
- the polymer and / or copolymer is present at a mass fraction of between 5 and 75%, preferably 20 and 60%, and advantageously 30 and 50% by total weight of the emulsion or dispersion.
- a preferred latex in the context of the present invention advantageously has a glass transition temperature Tg greater than 50 ° C. Ideally the Tg should be between 50 and 200 ° C, preferably between 70 and 170 ° C, preferably between 90 and 150 ° C, or between 105 and 135 ° C. It is advantageous to use in combination several latices having glass transition temperatures as specified above in the context of the present invention.
- the latex contains a polymer or copolymer of vinyl type, acrylic type and / or carboxylic acid derivative.
- Acrylic-type latices in particular those containing an acrylic-type polymer, are particularly preferred, in particular an acrylonitrile / acrylic ester copolymer, or styrene / acid or silanised acrylic ester (that is to say copolymerized with an ethylenically unsaturated monomer).
- carrier of at least one silane or silanol function carrier of at least one silane or silanol function).
- Latexes can be chosen from those comprising ester functions or comprising copolymers of vinyl chloride and of olefin, silanized or not. Mention may in particular be made of vinyl acetate-based latexes, in particular based on vinyl polyacetate homopolymer, or vinyl acetate copolymer and in particular on (meth) acrylic acid and / or ester, maleic ester, olefin and / or vinyl chloride, or based on vinyl chloride / ethylene copolymer.
- Latexes that may be used as porogen in the process of the invention may be mentioned, such as Baybond®-BAYBOND XP 2602 polyurethane with a mean particle diameter of 135 nm marketed by Bayer TM.
- the latex may be a styrene-acrylic copolymer, or an all-acrylic copolymer (derived from different acrylic monomers) obtained by radical polymerization in emulsion or dispersion.
- styrene-acrylic copolymer or an all-acrylic copolymer (derived from different acrylic monomers) obtained by radical polymerization in emulsion or dispersion.
- BASF TM Such polymers marketed by BASF TM are found in the range referenced by the name Acronal®.
- the latex is selected from at least one hydrodispersible acrylic copolymer whose glass transition temperature varies from 50 to 200 ° C., and in that the acrylic copolymer is emulsified in water at a mass fraction of between 5 and 75% of the total weight of the blowing agent.
- the mass of the pore-forming agent will be expressed relative to the solids content.
- Such a latex is preferably chosen from an acrylic copolymer sold under the reference Neocryl® by the company DSM TM, and advantageously it is Neocryl® XK-52.
- other latices such as Neocryl® BT 21 with a mean particle diameter of 44 nm or Neocryl® BT 100 with a mean particle diameter of 88 nm can be used.
- acrylic copolymers of diameter in particular between 30 nm and 80 nm, by emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA).
- MMA methyl methacrylate
- These polymers are prepared by radical emulsion which generally takes place in three distinct steps: a step of germination of the particles, followed by a step of growth of the particle size by consuming the monomer and finally a termination step.
- the precise details of the formulations and the experimental procedure are presented below in the experimental part. The syntheses were carried out at 70 ° C in a jacketed reactor equipped with a mechanical stirrer.
- the dispersant deionized water
- the surfactant Dispersant (Disponil® FES 32 sold by Cognis TM or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)
- a first step the dispersant (deionized water) and the surfactant (Disponil® FES 32 sold by Cognis TM or sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS)) are introduced into the reactor to undergo degassing by bubbling nitrogen, and are heated to the reaction temperature. This degassing is necessary because dissolved oxygen is a radical trap.
- the monomer (MMA) and the initiator ammonium persulfate S 2 O 8 2 ⁇ , 2NH 3 + ) are introduced at once into the reactor with vigorous stirring.
- the reaction medium is clouded instantly due to the formation of MMA drops and the polymerization begins.
- the reaction medium takes an opaque white color due to the diffusion of light by the polymer beads.
- the progress of the reaction is monitored both by dynamic scattering of light to observe the stabilization of the size of the beads, and by measuring the level of solid in the dispersion to measure the mass of MMA having polymerized.
- the polymerization is usually finished after a few hours.
- the reactor is then emptied, and the latex is stored at room temperature.
- porogenic agent can also be used all possible combinations of the aforementioned latex, optionally taken together with at least one associative structure formed from surfactants or amphiphilic block copolymers and / or at least one inorganic porogen.
- the term "preformed” in the context of the process of the invention corresponds to an intermediate shaping of the product during the course of this manufacturing process.
- the substrate is preformed by molding, extrusion or deposit on a conveyor.
- This step of preforming the substrate by molding may comprise casting operations of the homogeneous mixture into cavities of appropriate shape or section.
- molding is to be taken in the broad sense and covers any form of conformations, such as open mold casting, extrusion through a die and extrudate cutting, etc.
- the shaping can be achieved by co-extruding the preparation with a polymeric organic phase to provide a surface layer.
- the deposition on a conveyor may make it possible to form the substrate continuously in the form of a strip or a sheet which is capable of being treated according to the subsequent steps of the process.
- the substrate can be dried in step e) by standing at room temperature for several hours.
- the substrate is dried for at least one week in a climatic chamber at a temperature greater than or equal to 35 ° C with a relative humidity of more than 80%.
- the substrate may optionally be reduced to powder and / or compressed.
- This additional shaping step preferably consists firstly in a pestle grinding in a mortar, which is followed by a compression preferably carried out by a press set so as to exert a pressure of 15.10 6 Pa on the powder.
- Such compression overcomes the problem of disintegration of the material occurring frequently following the consistent steps of preforming and / or drying the substrate.
- Step f) of the manufacturing method according to the invention is preferably carried out by calcination.
- This calcination step comprises at least one temperature rise to reach a temperature level of between 350 and 750 ° C., and the temperature is maintained for at least 4 hours and then allowed to return to ambient temperature.
- a rise in temperature is carried out over a period of time varying between 2 and 6 hours to reach a temperature level of between 80 and 120 ° C., the temperature is maintained for 4 to 8 hours; then
- a rise in temperature is carried out over a period of time varying between 4 and 8 hours to reach a temperature plateau of between 150 and 200 ° C., the temperature is maintained for 4 to 8 hours; then
- a rise in temperature is carried out over a time interval varying between 9 and 15 hours to reach a temperature level of between 350 and 550 ° C., the temperature is maintained for at least 4 hours;
- the present invention also relates to a thermal insulating material which can be obtained according to the method described above and whose matrix is formed of a mineral substance, preferably silica, with a total pore volume of between 1.3 and 2.2 cm 3 / g, advantageously this pore volume is less than 1 .9 cm 3 / g, and even more preferably the total pore volume of the thermal insulating material according to the invention is between 1.45 and 1.85 cm 3 / g.
- the total pore volume is determined by mercury porosimetry measurements made on Pascal 140 and Pascal 240 (Thermo Scientific®) devices and is considered to be equal to the cumulative volume of mercury introduced into the samples during these tests.
- the thermal conductivities in the context of the invention are measured with a fluxmeter of the NETZSCH TM HFM 436 series by following the protocols established by the ASTM C518 and ISO 8301 standards.
- the thermal conductivity ⁇ of the thermal insulating material is less than 55 mW / (mK), advantageously less than 45 mW / (mK), and more preferably it is less than 40 mW / (mK).
- the thermal conductivity ⁇ of the thermal insulating material is less than 37 mW / (mK), more preferably it is less than 35 mW / (mK), advantageously it is less than 32 mW / (mK), or even is less than 30 mW / (mK).
- the density of the insulating material of the invention is between 300 and 500 kg / m 3 , and advantageously the density of the material is between 350 and 480 kg / m 3 .
- the pore volume of the material for pores with a diameter of less than or equal to 100 nm varies from 1 to 1.3 cm 3 / g, the pore volume for pores with a diameter greater than 100 nm and less than or equal to 1000 nm. varies from 0.15 to 0.35 cm 3 / g, and the pore volume for pores with a diameter greater than 1000 nm varies from 0.27 to 0.50 cm 3 / g.
- the porous volumes are obtained by mercury porosimetry with the apparatus described in the experimental part. The pore diameters are calculated using the Washburn equation (Washburn, 1921) assuming the mercury surface tension equal to 480 dynes / cm and the mercury silica contact angle equal to 140 °.
- the present invention also relates to a use of the insulating material as described above in the context of the invention, in the field of construction, for isolating the walls of buildings.
- the inventors have found that when using a latex as a blowing agent, it was possible to calcine the material obtained preferably in the form of silica plates. Such plates are advantageously cut, or the insulating material is molded to form panels, and core porosity is generated in a controlled manner in a material several millimeters thick.
- the insulating material is in the form of a panel whose thickness is at least equal to 5 mm.
- the insulating material according to the invention may be associated with a matrix of fibers or with a foam such as a polyurethane foam, to reinforce the mechanical strength of the insulating panel thus formed.
- a foam such as a polyurethane foam
- Such fibers can act as armatures in the sense that they form a fibrous network capable of retaining silica aggregates and are reinforcing elements that improve the mechanical strength of the matrix.
- INSTRON 4505 press equipped with a 100 kN force cell and a SEFRAM digital recorder; a set of cylinders and pistons with a diameter of 50 mm in diameter comprising a hollow cylinder and two pistons (one short and one long) having one of the two polished surfaces and a second hollow cylinder with a diameter slightly greater than 50 mm in order to release the piston after compression to recover the formed silica pellet; a small metal plate 10 mm thick; a steel ball 56.6 mm in diameter; a precision balance (precision +/- 0.001 g); a palmer (precision +/- 0.01 mm).
- the total pore volume is determined by mercury porosimetry measurements made on Pascal 140 and Pascal 240 devices
- the pore diameters can be calculated using the Washburn equation assuming the mercury surface tension equal to 480 dynes / cm and the mercury silica contact angle equal to 140 °.
- Preparation protocol for the latices In a reactor with a double jacket of one liter, thermostatically controlled at 70 ° C., equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a condenser and an inlet for bubbling nitrogen, 600 g of deionized water (resistivity> 16 ⁇ . ⁇ ) and the surfactant (solid or in solution in water). In parallel, the methyl methacrylate (MMA, 99%, Aldrich) and the initiator diluted in a little water (taken from the 600 g) are placed in separate flasks equipped with skirted corks. The contents of the reactor as well as that of the two flasks are deaerated for 15 min by bubbling nitrogen.
- MMA 99%, Aldrich
- the monomer and the polymerization initiator are then introduced at once into the reactor with mechanical stirring (250 rpm).
- the entire reaction continues closed reactor, with the nitrogen stream maintained just above the reaction medium.
- the reaction medium is cloudy immediately after the addition of the monomer due to the formation of monomer droplets. After a few minutes, the middle takes a white color, a sign of the diffusion of light by already formed particles.
- the progress of the reaction is followed by dynamic light scattering to follow the evolution of the size distribution of the objects, and by measuring the solid content of the dispersion to measure the conversion rate of the monomer.
- the polymerization reaches its maximum the reactor is drained, and the latex stored in a polyethylene bottle without particular conditions.
- the shelf life of the dispersions thus synthesized varies between 6 months and one year.
- the anionic surfactant used is in general Disponil® FES 32 marketed by Cognis TM, whose crude formula is Ci 2 H 2 5 (OCH 2 CH 2 ) 4 SO 4 " Na + , with a critical micelle concentration of 0.26 g / L and in the form of a solution in water at 32% by weight.
- the SDS (sodium dodecyl sulfate) of empirical formula Ci 2 H 25 SO 4 Na ⁇ + marketed by the company Aldrich TM and critical micelle concentration 2 g / L can be used instead of Disponil®
- the initiator is ammonium persulfate S 2 O 8 2 " , 2NH 3 + (APS).
- Tables 1 to 2 summarize the quantities of reagents involved and the results of the experimental analyzes carried out on two latices prepared according to this protocol:
- the Dpm corresponding to the average particle diameter of the latex particles is 73 nm and its polydispersity index Ip is 0.051, the Dpm and the Ip are both measured according to the standard ISO 13321: 1996 (dynamic light scattering). ).
- the solids content Ts is 22% and the conversion of 1 (the solids content is measured by drying the latex in an oven at a temperature below the polymerization temperature of the polymer). Table 2. 58 nm Dpm latex B (reaction time: 3 hours)
- the Dpm corresponding to the average particle diameter for this latex is 58 nm and its polydispersity index Ip is 0.054, the Dpm and Np are both measured according to the standard ISO 13321: 1996.
- the solids content Ts is 22% and the conversion of 1.
- Example 1a comparative example (reference substrate):
- Tixosil® 365 precipitated silica of 160 m 2 / g of BET specific surface area according to ISO 5794/1: 2010, are dispersed in 310 g of distilled water by sonication for 5 min using a Vibracell 75042 (Bioblock Scientific) type device (power 500 W, frequency 20 kHz). The dispersion obtained is then poured into PTFE evaporation capsules (Cari Roth) with an internal diameter of 9.5 cm and dried for one week in a climatic chamber at 40 ° C. and 90% relative humidity.
- the pellet after calcination always has the same dimensions, namely 50 mm in diameter for a thickness of 7-8 mm, the pellet obtained at the end of this treatment has a density measured as explained in the generalities of the experimental part, and reported in Table 3.
- Example 2a about 10% (weight percent) of dry latex are used relative to the mass of precipitated silica used:
- Tixosil® 365 precipitated silica 160 m 2 / g of specific surface area measured by BET in accordance with ISO 5794/1: 2010, are dispersed in 280 g of distilled water by sonication for 5 min (power 500 W frequency 20 kHz) using a Vibracell 75042 type device (Bioblock Scientific). 30 g of latex B of 58 nm mean particle diameter are then added (Table 2). The dispersion obtained is cast in PTFE evaporation capsules (Cari Roth) with an internal diameter of 9.5 cm, and dried for one week in a climatic chamber at 40 ° C. and 90% relative humidity.
- the pellet after calcination always has the same dimensions, namely 50 mm in diameter for a thickness of 7-8 mm, the pellet obtained at the end of this treatment has a density measured as explained in the generalities of the experimental part, and reported in Table 3.
- Example 3a about 30% (weight percent) of dry latex are used relative to the mass of precipitated silica used:
- Example 2a The experimental protocol of Example 2a is repeated, always working with the same amount of Tixosil® 365 precipitated silica, but this time with 90 g of the latex B (Table 2). It is completed with distilled water so as to obtain a dispersion in 310 g of distilled water.
- Example 4a about 50% (weight percent) of dry latex are used relative to the mass of precipitated silica used:
- Example 2a The experimental protocol of Example 2a is repeated, always working with the same amount of Tixosil® 365 precipitated silica, but this time with 150 g of the latex B (Table 2). It is completed with distilled water so as to obtain a dispersion in 310 g of distilled water.
- Example 5a about 70% (weight percent) of dry latex is used relative to the mass of precipitated silica used:
- Example 2a The experimental protocol of Example 2a is repeated, always working with the same amount of Tixosil® 365 precipitated silica, but this time with 210 g of the latex B (Table 2). It is completed with distilled water so as to obtain a dispersion in 310 g of distilled water.
- Examples 6a, 7a, 8a, and 9a the procedure described for Examples 2a, 3a, 4a and 5a is repeated, replacing the latex B (of Table 2) with 22% by weight of dry extract by suspension of Neocryl® XK-52 latex marketed by the company DSM TM at 40% by mass of solids. It is completed with a quantity of distilled water added to obtain a suspension in 310 g of water and the procedure described in Example 2a is followed in the same way as to obtain a calcined pellet which corresponds to one embodiment of the invention. insulating material of the invention.
- Examples 1a to 9a which were repeated, multiplying the amounts of reagent and solvent by 12 and using the same procedure, respectively correspond to Examples 1b to 9b.
- Examples 1b to 9b after compression with ZWICK 3400 KN press, then calcination, samples (slabs) of dimensions 15 * 15 * 5 cm.
- the calcination protocol is the same, except that the last stage is 550 ° C and is maintained for 10 hours.
- Table 3 The results obtained for Examples 1a, b to 9a, b are presented in Table 3 below:
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1060588A FR2969186B1 (fr) | 2010-12-15 | 2010-12-15 | Procede pour preparer un materiau isolant |
| PCT/FR2011/052887 WO2012080620A1 (fr) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-07 | Procede pour preparer un materiau isolant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2651847A1 true EP2651847A1 (fr) | 2013-10-23 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP11805109.3A Withdrawn EP2651847A1 (fr) | 2010-12-15 | 2011-12-07 | Procede pour preparer un materiau isolant |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9328508B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP2651847A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP5951635B2 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN103380098A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR2969186B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2012080620A1 (fr) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102254221B1 (ko) | 2014-10-07 | 2021-05-20 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 냉장고 |
| DE102015216505A1 (de) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | Wacker Chemie Ag | Silica Formkörper mit geringer thermischer Leitfähigkeit |
| KR102499261B1 (ko) * | 2017-05-12 | 2023-02-13 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 단열재를 포함하는 냉장고 |
| NL1043636B1 (nl) * | 2020-04-23 | 2021-11-01 | Comforthome B V | Smeltzekering |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011015751A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-10 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Matière poreuse céramique présentant une macroporosité contrôlée par empilement de porogènes |
| FR2977888A1 (fr) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-18 | Saint Gobain Isover | Materiaux d'isolation thermique hautes performances. |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2360536A1 (fr) | 1976-08-05 | 1978-03-03 | Air Liquide | Materiau isolant a faible conductibilite thermique constitue d'une structure granulaire compactee |
| US4636415A (en) | 1985-02-08 | 1987-01-13 | General Electric Company | Precipitated silica insulation |
| JPH07239088A (ja) * | 1994-02-24 | 1995-09-12 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 真空断熱体および断熱箱体 |
| JP2007169158A (ja) * | 1996-04-19 | 2007-07-05 | Tosoh Corp | シリカ成形体からなる断熱材及びその製造法 |
| US20040161596A1 (en) | 2001-05-31 | 2004-08-19 | Noriyuki Taoka | Porous ceramic sintered body and method of producing the same, and diesel particulate filter |
| US20040077738A1 (en) * | 2002-05-15 | 2004-04-22 | Cabot Corporation | Aerogel and hollow particle binder composition, insulation composite, and method for preparing the same |
| JP2004347091A (ja) * | 2003-05-26 | 2004-12-09 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 断熱材及びそれを用いた断熱体 |
| EP1892226A3 (fr) * | 2006-08-25 | 2010-02-17 | H+H Deutschland GmbH | Procédé de réduction de la conductivité thermique d'un bloc de construction en silicate de calcium et bloc de construction en silicate de calcium à conductivité thermique ameliorée |
| EP2160355B1 (fr) * | 2007-04-04 | 2011-08-31 | Basf Se | Procédé de préparation d'un silicate contenant des hétéroatomes |
| CN101224890A (zh) * | 2008-01-25 | 2008-07-23 | 浙江大学 | 一种以无机矿物为原料制备二氧化硅气凝胶的方法 |
| WO2010002934A2 (fr) * | 2008-07-01 | 2010-01-07 | Specialty Concrete Design, Inc. | Matériaux résistant à la chaleur et ignifuges et procédé pour les préparer |
| JP4975050B2 (ja) * | 2009-02-05 | 2012-07-11 | 株式会社豊田中央研究所 | シリカ構造体の製造方法 |
| DE202010005960U1 (de) * | 2010-04-21 | 2010-10-28 | Creafurnish Ltd. | Multifunktionaler Putz |
-
2010
- 2010-12-15 FR FR1060588A patent/FR2969186B1/fr active Active
-
2011
- 2011-12-07 US US13/993,968 patent/US9328508B2/en active Active
- 2011-12-07 JP JP2013543855A patent/JP5951635B2/ja active Active
- 2011-12-07 CN CN2011800675406A patent/CN103380098A/zh active Pending
- 2011-12-07 EP EP11805109.3A patent/EP2651847A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-12-07 WO PCT/FR2011/052887 patent/WO2012080620A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2011015751A1 (fr) * | 2009-08-05 | 2011-02-10 | L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude | Matière poreuse céramique présentant une macroporosité contrôlée par empilement de porogènes |
| FR2977888A1 (fr) * | 2011-07-13 | 2013-01-18 | Saint Gobain Isover | Materiaux d'isolation thermique hautes performances. |
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| Title |
|---|
| See also references of WO2012080620A1 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP5951635B2 (ja) | 2016-07-13 |
| FR2969186A1 (fr) | 2012-06-22 |
| US20130260127A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 |
| CN103380098A (zh) | 2013-10-30 |
| WO2012080620A1 (fr) | 2012-06-21 |
| US9328508B2 (en) | 2016-05-03 |
| FR2969186B1 (fr) | 2014-01-10 |
| JP2014504253A (ja) | 2014-02-20 |
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