EP2784236B1 - Wandstrukturelement - Google Patents

Wandstrukturelement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2784236B1
EP2784236B1 EP13160840.8A EP13160840A EP2784236B1 EP 2784236 B1 EP2784236 B1 EP 2784236B1 EP 13160840 A EP13160840 A EP 13160840A EP 2784236 B1 EP2784236 B1 EP 2784236B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
panel
beams
connectors
metal
interior
Prior art date
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EP13160840.8A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2784236A1 (de
Inventor
Vincent Chablaix
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VChablaix Construction Metallique Sarl
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VChablaix Construction Metallique Sarl
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Application filed by VChablaix Construction Metallique Sarl filed Critical VChablaix Construction Metallique Sarl
Priority to EP13160840.8A priority Critical patent/EP2784236B1/de
Priority to EP19158347.5A priority patent/EP3536871A3/de
Publication of EP2784236A1 publication Critical patent/EP2784236A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2784236B1 publication Critical patent/EP2784236B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/30—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure
    • E04C2/38—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels
    • E04C2/384—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels characterised by the shape or structure with attached ribs, flanges, or the like, e.g. framed panels with a metal frame

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to structural elements usable in construction, for example in the construction of buildings, for example habitable buildings, industrial buildings, garages, warehouses, among others. More particularly, the invention relates to wall structure members, ceiling structural members, roof structure members, and arrangements and / or buildings comprising at least one or more of the structural members of the invention.
  • the state of the art proposes prefabricated walls, which can be arranged on a given construction site in order to obtain a building, for example a habitable building.
  • a prefabricated utility wall includes a pair of pre-punched metal panels as well as sanitary facilities, such as casings and a boiler.
  • the prefabricated wall comprises two rows of metal profiles arranged vertically along the two opposite faces of the prefabricated wall.
  • a series of different types of panels are attached to each of the two sides of the wall, such as two types of insulation panels, a protection panel, and a facade panel on the exterior face of the wall element.
  • the present invention addresses the problem of presenting a prefabricated wall structure that allows modular use in the construction of complete buildings, including prefabricated ceilings and / or roof structures that are compatible with the wall structure. .
  • the objects of the invention are achieved in the wall structure element and / or in the ceiling, floor and / or roof structure element according to the invention, as well as in the arrangement of the invention.
  • the invention relates to a wall structure element for fixtures and / or buildings, comprising a metal frame comprising a lower metal beam and an upper metal beam, connected to each other by a plurality of intermediate metal beams.
  • the invention relates to a floor structure element, preferably for a multi-storey building, said element comprising a metal frame having at least an upper face and a lower face, characterized in that a lower panel is connected to the side of the underside of said frame.
  • the invention relates to a floor structure element, preferably for a multi-storey building, said element comprising a metal frame having a less an upper face and a lower face, characterized in that an upper panel is connected to the side of the upper face of said frame.
  • the invention relates to a roof structure element comprising a metal frame having a first metal beam, a second metal beam and a plurality of intermediate metal beams, a plurality of connectors connected above the metal frame and an outer panel. attached to one or more of the connectors.
  • the invention relates to a roof structure element comprising a metal frame having a first beam, a second beam and a plurality of intermediate beams; a lower panel, connected to the underside of the metal frame; a plurality of connectors connected above the metal frame on the latter or on an upper panel, said upper panel being fixed to the metal frame; and an outer panel attached to one or more of the connectors; and an insulating material, disposed in one or more spaces arranged between the outer panel and the and the metal frame; characterized in that said roof structure member is arranged with the wall structure member of the invention.
  • the invention relates to an arrangement and / or a building comprising one or more wall structure elements according to one aspect of the invention and / or one or more roof structure elements according to another aspect of the invention.
  • a plurality of spacers are connected to an inner face of said inner panel, and a finishing panel is connected to said spacers, so that said finishing panel is essentially parallel to said inner panel and at least one empty space is provided between said inner panel and said finishing panel.
  • each of said outer connectors comprises an insulating material.
  • each of said outer connectors consist essentially of an insulating material, for example wood.
  • each of said outer connectors is separated and / or isolated from the other outer connectors.
  • each of said inner connectors comprises an insulating material.
  • each of said inner connectors consist essentially of an insulating material.
  • each of said inner connectors is separated and / or isolated from the other inner connectors.
  • said outer and / or inner connectors are bars and / or beams arranged substantially in the horizontal, parallel and vertically displaced, spaced and / or distributed over the entire height of the element. wall structure.
  • said outer and / or inner connectors are insulated pieces distributed over the entire height and / or width of the wall structure element in a single common plane.
  • said outer connectors are arranged so that a space is provided between an outer surface of said intermediate beams and an inner surface of said outer panel.
  • At least one space is provided vertically between the outer and / or inner connectors, respectively, and / or an insulating material is present in this space, and / or in that the space is essentially filled by an insulating material.
  • the insulating mass is a soft insulating mass, for example glass wool.
  • said lower, upper and intermediate beams of the wall frame are located and centered in a single vertical plane.
  • said intermediate beams and / or said lower and upper beams have in their width a common plane, preferably a plane of symmetry.
  • the assembly of said framework comprises a plane of symmetry, for example a single plane of symmetry, defining the plane of the frame.
  • said lower beam is a U-shaped lower beam and / or said upper beam is an U-shaped or H-shaped upper beam.
  • Said U-shaped beams comprise a base part and lateral parts, said lateral parts forming lateral sides of said U-beam, interconnected by said base portion.
  • the open side of said lower beam is oriented vertically upwards.
  • the upper beam is a U-beam, the open side of said upper beam is preferably oriented vertically downward.
  • said lower U-beam and said U-shaped upper beam are arranged inverted with respect to each other, preferably with their open sides facing each other.
  • said intermediate beams are positioned on and / or connected to an inner surface of said base portion of said lower beam and / or upper U-shaped
  • At least one, at least two or all of said lower beam, upper metal beam, and intermediate metal beams is / are a steel beam / beams.
  • said lower metal beam and / or said upper metal beam have a length (a), a height (b) and a width (c), and an end of at least one of said intermediate beams is connected from centrally with respect to the width (c) of said lower and / or upper metal beam, respectively.
  • said framework is disposed inside and / or in the center of said wall structure element, and / or said inner and / or outer panels are connected, independently, at a constant distance from said framework, parallel to the plane formed by said frame, on opposite sides of said frame.
  • said intermediate beams are essentially arranged parallel in said framework, in a direction preferably substantially vertical.
  • the wall structure element according to the invention comprises one or more openings preferably arranged between two adjacent intermediate beams, said openings passing through said inner panel and said outer panel.
  • the wall structure element according to the invention comprises one or more openings for positioning a door and / or a window in said wall structure element.
  • the floor structure element according to the invention is characterized in that a lower panel is connected to the underside of said frame and / or said inner beams.
  • said inner beams are arranged in parallel and / or in a single plane.
  • At least one guiding and / or interlocking element is connected to at least one of said lateral beams of the frame.
  • said guide member has an elongate, strip-like shape and extends parallel to said side beam and vertically below said frame side beam.
  • the floor structure element comprises a spacing piece made of polymer, wood and / or a plastic material, said spacer being preferably arranged directly on a lower face of at least one of the lateral beams and / or on a lower face and at the end of at least one of the inner beams.
  • said connector is fixed to an outer face of at least one of said lateral beams.
  • said connector is fixed by gluing and / or screwing with screws passing through holes in a base portion of said lateral beam.
  • the metal frame of the roof according to the invention comprises a metal frame having a first beam, a second beam and a plurality of intermediate beams.
  • the roof according to the invention comprises an inner panel, connected, preferably directly, to the underside of the metal frame.
  • the roof according to the invention comprises a plurality of connectors, connected above the metal frame on the latter or on an upper panel, said upper panel being fixed to the metal frame.
  • the roof according to the invention comprises an outer panel attached to one or more of the connectors.
  • the roof according to the invention comprises a space or several spaces arranged between the intermediate beams and / or between said first or second beams comprises an insulating material.
  • the roof comprises interlocking pieces, arranged along the first beam, so as to allow interlocking of the roof structure on a wall structure element, for example according to another aspect of the invention.
  • the roof comprises a front connector attached to the first beam and a vertical outer panel attached to said front connector.
  • a space (380) is arranged between the exterior facade panel and facade connector.
  • This space preferably contains an insulating material.
  • This space is preferably limited upward by a second panel or by the inclined outer panel (360).
  • the ends of the intermediate beams of the roof are cut in a bevel, preferably so that a vertical cut is formed.
  • the ends of the intermediate beams of the roof are bevelled, the first and second beams are fixed on the ends of the intermediate beams, so that the faces of said first and second beams are oriented vertically and / or horizontally.
  • the arrangement comprises a carrier metal beam, placed on and / or supported at least partially by an upper beam of said wall structure element, said support beam preferably being arranged substantially horizontally.
  • the arrangement is a habitable building.
  • the beams used in the wall elements and / or floor according to the invention are preferably metal elements.
  • these beams comprise steel, consisting essentially or are / consist of steel.
  • other metals may be selected, as well as alloys or combinations of different materials, for example, a combination of metal and wood or plastic.
  • a U-beam generally comprises a base portion (or “blade”) 21 'and side portions (or “flanges”) 22', 23 ', said side portions forming lateral sides of the beam.
  • the lateral parts are interconnected by the base part.
  • U-beams have an open side. In the beam shown on the figure 1 , the open side is oriented upwards, showing the "inside" face 24 of the base portion 21 '(here "inside” refers to the U-shaped beam itself and not to the building).
  • Parts of a U-beam 10 or H 30 ( figure 2 ), in particular the base part 21 'or 25, and the parts 22 'and 23' or 26 and 27, respectively, are preferably flat.
  • the planes and / or faces of these base / lateral parts are preferably oriented vertically and / or horizontally.
  • one of the parts of one of the beams may be inclined following the inclination of the roof, but in this case the other parts of the same beam are preferably oriented vertically.
  • place or orientation indications such as “up”, “down”, “lower”, “upper”, “outside”, “inside”, “horizontal”, “vertical”, for example, understand themselves directly in relation to the element in its natural orientation, from the perspective of an observer who is in a natural standing position as well.
  • the figures show the objects (building elements, fixtures, building) in their position or natural orientation, and the aforementioned indications of place are therefore understood directly in relation to the drawing.
  • the terms “interior” and “exterior” they are understood by the orientation of a wall structure element and / or floor in a finished construction, for example a complete building.
  • the inner side or the inner side is usually the one that is more inside the building, and the outer side or the outer face is the one that is located outside the building.
  • the beams used in the building elements according to the invention are preferably of a thickness (e) high, preferably at least 0.4 cm for at least one, several and / or all the beams selected from the upper, lower, beams, intermediate, lateral, inner and first and second beams as described below.
  • the floor structure element according to the invention can be considered, also or in the alternative, as a ceiling structure element.
  • the floor structure element is also a slab.
  • the terms "floor structure member”, “ceiling structure member” and “slab” are interchangeable. This building element can function as a ceiling as well as a floor.
  • the Figures 3-7 show a wall structure element 1 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • the wall structure according to the invention comprises a metal frame 11, exposed on the figure 13 .
  • the frame 11 comprises a lower metal beam 10 and an upper beam 20.
  • the lower and / or upper beams are essentially horizontal.
  • the lower and upper beams are connected to each other by a plurality of intermediate beams 30.
  • the intermediate beams are essentially vertical.
  • beams of different thickness for example less strongly diagonal beams, for example, in addition to the vertical beams shown in FIG. figure 13 , for example.
  • the lower beam is a U-shaped beam.
  • the upper beam is an H-beam (shown in FIGS. figures 3 , 4 and 12 ).
  • the upper beam is a U-beam (shown on the figure 7 ), whose open side is preferably oriented downwards.
  • the lower beam is a U-beam, the open side of which is preferably upwardly oriented, as can be seen in FIG. figure 3 , for example.
  • the intermediate beams 30 are placed on the lower beam 10.
  • the intermediate beams 30 are connected to, for example welded, the lower beam. It is the lower end of an intermediate beam which is placed on the lower beam.
  • at least one or more intermediate beams 30 are connected to an inner surface 24 '( figure 1 ) of the lower beam, preferably of the base portion 21 'of the lower beam 10.
  • the intermediate beams 30 are placed in and / or connected to, for example welded, the upper beam 20. More particularly it is the upper end of an intermediate beam which is placed in or connected to the upper beam. According to one embodiment (not shown), at least one or more intermediate beams 30 are connected to / on an "inner" surface 24 '( figure 1 ) of the upper beam, preferably of the base portion 21 'of the upper beam 20.
  • the frame 11 is rectangular, the two lower and upper beams 20 extending in parallel, and two of the intermediate beams 30, also extending parallel, and perpendicular to the lower and upper beams.
  • Two intermediate beams connect the lower and upper beams at their ends ( figure 13 ).
  • the wall structure element 1 preferably has a rectangular shape.
  • the wall structure element has a general shape of rectangular parallelepiped.
  • This rectangular parallelepiped is flattened ( Figure 7A ), like any wall, having two opposite main faces. Referring to the completed building, these two faces are designated and differentiated by "outer face” (facing outward of the completed building) and “inner face” (facing inward of the completed building).
  • a plurality of connecting pieces 41-46 and 51-56 are attached on both sides of the frame 11.
  • the frame 11 has the same two main opposite faces as the complete wall structure, which are therefore also differentiated. by the terms “outer face” 31 and “inner face” 32 of the frame 11 in the context of this description.
  • the outer connectors 41-46 are disposed on the outer face 31 of the frame 11 and the inner connectors 51-56 on the inner face 32 of the frame.
  • each connector 41-46 and 51-56 are bar-shaped, extending substantially horizontally along the frame 11.
  • these connectors appear as squares or rectangles.
  • each connector comprises at least two parallel faces, which, the connector being fixed, are in a vertical plane, parallel to the outer and inner faces of the wall structure.
  • the connecting pieces 41-46 and 51-56 can also be called “pieces of distance ", because their main purpose is to define a distance or a separation between the frame 11 and the outer panel 60 and / or the inner panel 70. This distance makes it possible to create one (or more) empty space 80/81/90 , which may preferably be filled with insulating material, or other material at the option of the manufacturer, as hereinafter described.
  • the connectors 41-46 and 51-56 comprise an insulating material consisting essentially of or consisting of an insulating material for thermally separating the framework of the panels 60, 70.
  • the connectors comprise and / or consist of one or more non-conductive materials of heat and / or selected from thermal insulators.
  • the connectors 41-46 and / or 51-56 comprise and / or consist essentially of a rigid insulating material, for example wood, which can assume a support function for the outer and / or inner panel, respectively .
  • the outer and / or inner connectors may be connected to the frame 11 by screwing, gluing, and / or clamping, for example.
  • the connectors are connected by screwing and / or bonding, so as to prevent thermal communication between the frame 11 and the outer panel 60 and / or inner 70.
  • the connectors 41-46 and 51-56 are connected more specifically to the intermediate beams 30 of the frame 11.
  • the invention does not exclude the possibility of fixing the connectors 41-46 and or, independently the connectors 51-56, to the lower and / or upper beam, or both, or to the intermediate beams and, in addition, to the lower beam and / or the upper beam.
  • one or more outer panels 60 are connected to the outer connectors 41-46.
  • at least one outer panel is connected to the outer face of the frame 11 by the connectors 41-46.
  • the at least one outer panel 60 is located in a substantially vertical plane, preferably substantially parallel to the plane of the framework 11.
  • the outer panel (s) comprise, consist essentially or consist of material that is resistant to fluctuations in temperature, humidity and / or water. More particularly, the outer panel, optionally supplemented with a protective layer, is able to withstand the weather.
  • a protective layer may, for example, be a paint layer.
  • the outer panel is the final panel on the outer face of the wall structure according to the invention.
  • the outer panel 60 is exposed to the weather.
  • fix other panels on the outer face 61 of the outer panel 60 for example to increase the weather protection, to increase the thermal or acoustic insulation, to create a barrier complementary to moisture, for aesthetic reasons, or for other reasons, for example.
  • the invention also contemplates the possibility that additional panels are attached to the inner face 62 of the outer panel 60.
  • the outer panel 60 comprises wood, consists essentially or consists of wood, and / or other suitable building material, for example, plastic, wood cladding, glass cladding, and / or cladding. composite.
  • the outer panel 60 includes many of the aforementioned building materials.
  • the outer panel is the outermost, weather-exposed panel, it may be partially or completely covered with a plaster and / or other protective layer.
  • one or more inner panels 70 are connected to the inner connectors 51-56.
  • the at least one inner panel 70 is located in a substantially vertical plane, preferably substantially parallel to the plane of the framework 11.
  • the inner connectors 51-56 define a distance or separation between the framework 11 and the inner panel 70. This contributes to the width of the interior space 81/82/90 formed between the inner panel 70 and the outer panel 60, more particularly between the inner face 62 the outer panel 60 and the outer face 72 of the inner panel 70.
  • This corrugated hatch may represent the presence of a filling material, which is preferably an insulating material, for example a soft insulating material, but the invention does not exclude that the space 81, 82, 90 is filled, at less in part, by concrete, plaster, brick, or other building material.
  • a filling material which is preferably an insulating material, for example a soft insulating material
  • reference numerals 81, 82 and 90 represent both the "empty" space framed between the outer panel 70 and the inner panel 70, and the one or more materials that can be used to fill that space. This principle also applies to the figures showing the slab or the roof according to the invention.
  • the space 80 can be considered as a space between the connectors 41-46, more particularly the space which is vertically distributed and / or separated between the connectors 41- 46.
  • the connectors 41-46 do not form a panel covering the entire surface of the wall structure.
  • the connectors 41-46 are preferably a plurality of parts that are not in contact with each other.
  • one or more spaces 80 are formed vertically between the connectors 41-46, for example, between the connector 41 and the connector 42, between the connector 42 and the connector 43, between 43 and 44, and between 45 and 46, for example, in the case of the space 80.
  • the connectors 41-46 can be made in the form of horizontal bars, the space 80 is indeed a vertically compartmentalized space by said horizontal bars.
  • the space 81 can be considered as space between the connectors 51-56, more particularly the space which is vertically distributed and / or separated between connectors 51-56.
  • the connectors 51-56 do not form a panel covering the entire surface of the wall structure.
  • the connectors 51-56 are preferably a plurality of parts that are not in contact with each other.
  • one or more spaces 81 are formed vertically between the various connectors 51-56, for example, between the connector 51 and the connector 52, between the connector 52 and the connector 53, between 53 and 54, between 55 and 56, for example, in the case of the space 81.
  • the connectors 51-56 can be realized in the form of horizontal bars, the space 81, respectively, is indeed a space vertically compartmentalized by said horizontal bars.
  • the spaces 80, 90, 81 are open relative to each other.
  • the spaces 80, 90, 81 are in communication, and / or form a single continuous space.
  • FIG. 3 The longitudinal section of figures 3 and 4 shows both the lateral parts 26, 27 ( figure 2 ) of the H beam in cut along its longitudinal extension.
  • the view of the base portion 25 of the H beam ( figure 2 ), connecting the two side portions 26, 27 in the center of the two parts, is covered and hidden by the insulating material filling the central space 90, for example.
  • spacers 91-97 are attached to the inner face 71 of the inner panel 70.
  • a finishing panel 100 is attached to the spacers, so that said finishing panel 100 is substantially parallel to said At the same time, said finishing panel 100 is preferably substantially parallel to the framework 11 and / or the outer panel 60.
  • the finishing panel is oriented in a vertical plane.
  • a gap 110 is formed between said inner panel 70 and the trim panel.
  • the space 110 can be considered as technical void or technical space, and is preferably used to house electrical cables, cables in general (internet, telephone, television, etc.), or for example tubes.
  • Larger tubes for example sanitary tubes, may also be located in and / or pass through space 80, 90 and / or 81 between outer panel 60 and inner panel 70.
  • the finishing panel 100 comprises a finishing support panel 101 and an interior finishing panel 102 ( figure 4 ).
  • the finish support panel 101 may comprise wood, but preferably it comprises plaster, consists essentially or consists of plaster, for example.
  • the interior finish panel 102 may comprise or consist of plaster, plaster, and / or upholstery, for example.
  • the interior trim panel 102 may be formed of plasterboards.
  • the finishing panels 100 are absent and are installed once the wall structure elements of the building are in their final location of the building, for example when the building elements according to the invention, at least one floor, are installed, and / or for example once a final floor (parquet, tile, linoleum, for example) was placed, if any.
  • the finishing panel 100 then corresponds to an interior finish of a usual building, and can be applied in the same manner, for example by plastering, plaster removal, painting, for example.
  • the inner face 71 of the inner panel 70 is the inner face of the wall structure element according to the invention.
  • the outer panel 60 is connected to the frame 11 so that a thermal bridge is excluded or at least diminished or hindered.
  • the thermal insulation is accomplished or at least improved by the manner in which the outer connectors 41-46 are attached to the frame 11, and whose outer panel 60 is attached to the outer connectors.
  • a screw 120 passes through a hole 130 in the intermediate beam 30. More particularly, the hole is present in a lateral part 26 ( figure 2 ) of the intermediate beam 30. The head of the screw 120 rests on an inner side of the lateral part 26 ( figure 2 ), passes through the hole in order to anchor itself in the connector 41.
  • the other screws fixing the same connecting piece 41 and / or the screws fixing the other connection pieces 42-46 are arranged in the same manner as the screw 120.
  • the outer panel is fixed by screws 121, whose heads rest on the outer face 61 of the outer panel 60, and are anchored in the connectors 41-46. As one skilled in the art will be able to observe, no screw or other metallic element directly connects the outer panel to the framework, which could favor a thermal bridge.
  • the screws 120 and 121 securing the connectors 41-46 to the frame 11 and the outer panel 60 to the connectors, respectively, therefore have an opposite and / or inverted orientation.
  • the wall structure 1 as shown in the figure 7 A also has an opening 150 for positioning a window in the wall structure.
  • the opening 150 forms a void or a rectangular opening in the wall structure 1.
  • the opening 150 passes completely through wall structure 1.
  • the present invention is not limited to type of construction.
  • the characteristics of the wall structure element 1 according to the invention can also be designated according to the following descriptors, which avoid categorization "inside” and “outside” by replacing it with “first” and "second”.
  • the frame 11 comprises a first face 31 and a second face 32.
  • the connectors 41-46 of a first series of connectors are fixed on the first face 31 of the frame 11.
  • the connectors 51-56 of a second series of connectors are fixed on the second face 32 of the frame 11.
  • a first panel 60 is fixed on the first connectors 41-46.
  • a second panel 70 is attached to the second connectors 51-56.
  • the first panel 60 has a first face 61 and a second face 62, and / or the second panel 70 has a first face 72 and a second face 71.
  • spacers 91-97 are fixed on the second face 71 of the second panel 70.
  • a finishing panel 100 is attached to the spacers 91-97.
  • a first space 80 is created between the second face 62 of the first panel 60 and the first face 31 of the frame 11.
  • a second space 81 is created between the second face 32 of the frame 11 and the first face 72 of the second panel 70.
  • the Figures 8-10 show a floor structure element 200 according to a mode of embodiment of the invention.
  • the Figures 8 and 9 show the edge or the outside of the lateral beam 222 ( figure 13 ).
  • the cut of Figures 8-9 extends parallel to the two inner beams 231-232, crossing the lateral ribs 26, 27 ( figure 2 ) of the inner beam.
  • This floor structure 200 comprises a metal frame 210, more clearly visible on the figure 13 .
  • the metal frame is quadrilateral ( figure 13 ), and more particularly rectangle, but the invention is not limited to this form of frames.
  • the metal frame 210 could as well have external contours forming a triangle, a pentagon, a hexagon, or a heptagon, for example, as desired, depending on the shape and / or architecture of a final construction.
  • the metal frame has four lateral beams 221, 222, 223, 224, giving the shape of the outline of the frame 210 (quadrilateral, rectangle), as can be seen better on the figure 13 .
  • the metal frame 210 comprises one or, preferably, several internal beams 230-233 ( Fig. 10 ) or 230-236 ( Fig. 13 ).
  • the inner beams are connected, at their ends, to two lateral beams 222, 224, which, in the embodiment shown, extend in parallel. In this manner, the metal frame 210 shown in the figures has a grid appearance.
  • an upper panel 270 is connected to the upper face of the frame 210 and / or the inner beams 230-233.
  • This panel 270 or, where appropriate, a plurality of panels, may form a floor and / or floor support, of the floor formed by the floor structure 200.
  • a lower panel 280 is connected to the lower face 296 of the frame 210 and / or the inner beams 230-233.
  • This panel 280 or, where appropriate, a plurality of panels, may form a ceiling support, and / or directly the ceiling, for example of the floor formed by the floor structure 200.
  • At least one of the sides of the floor structure 200 comprises at least one outer panel 260, which forms the fence and / or the edge of the floor structure 200 to the outside, for example the outside of a building comprising the floor structure 200.
  • the lateral beams 221-224 are U-shaped sections and the internal beams are H-sections.
  • One or more connectors 241, 242 are attached to the outer side of a side beam 222.
  • the base portion 227 ( figure 9 ) of the U-beam is oriented outwardly of the construction and / or to the side of the metal frame 210.
  • One or more connectors 241, 242 are attached to the outer face 228 of the base portion 227.
  • An outer panel 260 is attached to the connectors 241, 242.
  • the outer panel 260 has an outer face 261.
  • the outer panel 260 has a vertical orientation, i.e., extends in a vertical plane, and preferably parallel along of the outer face 228 of the lateral beam 222.
  • the space 286 delimited vertically by the connectors 241 and 242 and horizontally by the outer panel 260 and the outer face 228 of the lateral beam 222 may be filled with an insulating material 286, for example a soft insulating mass.
  • the outer face 261 of the outer panel 260 of the floor structure 200 is preferably aligned vertically with the outer face 61 of the outer panel 60 of the wall structure 1 ( figure 3 ), as can be seen, for example, on the figures 11 and 12 .
  • the connector or connectors 241 and 242 may be fixed by gluing, welding and / or face, for example, to the side of the metal frame 210 and / or the lateral beam 222.
  • the connectors 241 and 242 are fixed by screwing.
  • the lateral beam 222 has one or more holes 245, for example in a base portion 227 of the lateral beam, if it is a U-beam.
  • One or more screws 246 pass from the inner side of the beam. the beam through the hole 245 to anchor in the connector 242, for example.
  • the head of the screw 246 is thus located on the inner side of the lateral beam 222. This screw head rests or rests on the inner surface of the base portion 227 and / or the lateral beam 222. In this way a thermal bridge by the screw 246 is excluded.
  • the connectors 241 and 242 may be selected from and / or comprise, independently, the same materials as the connectors 41-46 and / or 51-56, respectively.
  • the attachment of the outer panel 260 to the metal frame 210 is such that a communication and / or thermal bridge between the outside, for example, the outer face 261 of the outer panel 260, and the metal frame 210 is minimized. , reduced and / or prevented.
  • the interlocking elements 290-293 are preferably platelets, as can be seen in FIG. figure 13 .
  • the plates are preferably present in the form of pairs 290 and 291, attached on either side of the lateral beam 222.
  • the plurality of second lower platelets 291 are preferably fixed along an axis which extends at a constant distance along the upper beam 20 and / or the lateral beam 221.
  • Two platelets forming a pair of platelets 290 and 291 are preferably fixed at a defined distance, this distance corresponding, for example, to the width (c) ( Figures 1 and 2 ) of the upper beam 20 and / or lower 10, or another profile dimension, for example.
  • the term "corresponding" in this context has a certain clearance, for example from 1 to 10 mm, so that an interlocking is achieved even if the dimensions of the lower and / or upper beams have variations over their entire length, for example.
  • the lower interlocking elements 290 and 291 allow, for example, interlocking of the floor structure 200 on and / or above a wall structure 1.
  • a series comprising a plurality of a second upper interlocking element 293 is fixed parallel to said lateral beam 222, and can form, for example, a second contact edge 293, allowing a frame of the beam lower in an arrangement of the building structures according to the invention.
  • the series of the second upper plate 293 is preferably fixed at a constant distance separated from and along the series of the first upper plate 292, this distance corresponding, for example, to the width c ( figure 1 ) of the upper beam 20 and / or lower 10, or another profile dimension, for example.
  • the term "corresponding" in this context has a certain clearance, for example from 1 to 10 mm, so that an interlocking is achieved even if the dimensions of the beams have variations over their entire length, for example.
  • the interlocking element or elements 290 and 291 are arranged towards and / or near the lateral edge of the floor structure 200, preferably on the lower face 296.
  • the interlocking element or elements 292 and 293 are arranged towards and / or near the lateral edge of the floor structure 200, and on the upper face 297.
  • At least one of the interlocking elements 292, 293 has an elongated shape in the form of a strip.
  • this strip extends parallel to said lateral beam 221, but protrudes from the upper face of the lateral beam upwards, so as to form a contact edge 292, for example for a lower beam 10 of a wall structure 1 or 1 'to be placed on the floor structure 200 ( Fig. 11 ).
  • the two strips and / or edges 292 and 293 form, for example, a recess or a rail, allowing the precise and / or desired placing of a construction element to be placed on the floor structure 200, for example a wall structure according to the invention.
  • the interlocking elements 290 and / or 291 of the lower face and the interlocking elements 292 and / or 293 of the upper face, respectively, are arranged vertically below and above each other.
  • an interlocking member 292 is preferably vertically above an interlocking member 290.
  • a spacer 252 is placed on the upper face of the metal frame 210 of the floor structure 200 so that a metal beam of a building element can be placed thereon.
  • the main function of the spacers 251 and / or 252 is to cut vibrations and thermal bridges.
  • the and / or spacers serve to minimize friction between the metal frame 210 and the frame 11 of the floor structure 200 and the wall structure 1, respectively, for example, and / or prevent sliding between the frame 210 and the frame 11.
  • the beams 221-224 and 231-233 (or 231-236 on the Fig. 13 ) frame and / or form one or more spaces 281, 282, 283, 284, 285.
  • This or these spaces are preferably filled, at least partially, with an insulating material 295, for example a soft thermal insulating mass.
  • this or these spaces comprise materials for forming a sound insulation, thus comprising, for example, materials that cut the noise.
  • the figure 10 shows a section of the floor structure 200 through the internal beams 230-233 and the side beams 221 and 223 (line CC 'of the figure 8 ).
  • an outer panel 260, the connectors 241, 242 and nesting elements 290-293 are not visible.
  • These elements are present at the ends of the beams 221, 223 and 231-233, as can be understood from the figure 10 .
  • the figure 11 illustrates an arrangement part comprising wall structures 1, 1 'and floor structures 200, 200' according to the invention.
  • the support of slabs 200 and 200 'on the right is not shown.
  • a foundation 400 for example concrete, on which is positioned a wall structure 1 according to the invention.
  • a floor structure 200 is placed on the wall structure 1, so that the outer surface 261 of the floor structure 200 is aligned with the outer surface 61 of the wall 1, forming a single vertical facade 402 homogeneous on all of the two building elements 1 , 200.
  • a second wall structure 1 ' On and along the edge and / or lateral side of the floor structure 200 is placed a second wall structure 1 ', forming the outer wall of the first floor of the arrangement 300.
  • the floor structure 200 forms the ceiling of the ground floor and the floor of the first floor.
  • a second wall structure 1 ' On the floor structure 200 is placed a second wall structure 1 ', forming the wall on the first floor of the arrangement 300.
  • a second floor structure 200 ' is placed on the second wall structure 1', in the same way as the first floor structure 200 on the first wall structure.
  • the figure 12 shows in enlarged an extract (D) of the figure 11 , to illustrate the interlocking of a floor structure 200 'on the wall structure 1'.
  • the wall 1 'on the upper floor is manufactured in the same way as the wall 1 of the ground floor.
  • the upper slab 200 ' is of the same construction as the slab of the ground floor 200.
  • the interlocking elements 290 'and 291' laterally frame, on either side, the upper beam 20 'all along its longitudinal extension (extension (a) in the figure 1 ).
  • the lateral beam 222 'and / or the end of the beam 231' (or at least one inner beam 230'-233 ') is / are laid and thus supported by the upper beam 20' .
  • the upper beam 20 'of the frame 11' is itself supported by the intermediate beams 30 '.
  • the weight of the entire arrangement 300 as shown in FIG. figure 11 and / or slabs 200, 200 ', for example, is supported on the intermediate beams 30', extending, for example, on the vertical and serving as bearing beams, preferably together with the upper beam 20 '.
  • the outer panel 60 'of the wall 1' is vertically aligned with the outer panel 260 'of the slab 200', so that a vertical facade 402 in a single plane is formed.
  • the figure 13 shows another example of an arrangement 300 of the wall structures 1 and floor 200 according to the invention.
  • the metal frame 11 and the metal frame 210 are shown, to better understand the principle of construction and / or the stability of the arrangement.
  • the stability of the construction is mainly - or entirely - conferred by the metal beams of the frame 11 and the frame 210, and therefore by the metal beams.
  • the lateral beam 222 is placed in a controlled manner and / or at a particular desired position by virtue of the presence of interlocking pieces 290 and 291 as described with respect to the figure 9 .
  • the wall structure according to the invention is a prefabricated structure, for example prefabricated in a workshop. It can be transported to a construction site after its manufacture. After assembly and / or construction comprising one or more building elements according to the invention, other finishes may be added, for example interior and / or exterior finishes. For example, finishes may be made on the interior face 103, on the finishing panel 100, in particular on the interior finishing panel 102, of the wall structure 1, for example a paint, a plaster or the like, as described herein. -above.
  • the roof structure comprises a frame 311 formed of metal beams.
  • the beams of the frame 311 are centered in a single plane.
  • first beam 310 which, in the embodiment shown, is a U-beam, and which may also be considered in this description as a lower beam (in the case of an inclined roof or a gable roof, as shown).
  • a second beam 320 also U-shaped, which can be considered as upper beam in the case of an inclined roof, extends substantially parallel to the first beam 310.
  • the invention also contemplates the possibility that the first and / or or the second beam is a beam in H.
  • the first and second beams 310 and 320 are shown in cross section on the figure 14 . They are connected by intermediate beams of the metal frame of the roof of which one, the beam 330, is visible on the figure 14 because the cut passes through the two lateral sides 26, 27 of this H beam ( Fig. 2 ). The others of these intermediate beams extend essentially in parallel with respect to the intermediate beam 330 and are therefore not visible on the figure 14 .
  • reference numeral 330 refers to the beam 330 shown on the figure 14 as well as all the intermediate beams of the frame 311.
  • the intermediate beams 330 are therefore arranged in a similar way as the internal beams 230-233 of the ceiling structure 200, including the lateral beams 221 and 223 ( figure 13 ).
  • One or more of the intermediate beams may be U-beams and / or H-beams.
  • the bevel cut of the intermediate beams 330 thus compensates for the inclination of the roof structure 350 provided in the final construction, shown on the drawings. Figures 14-16 .
  • the intermediate beams 330 are inclined according to the inclination of the roof
  • the first beam 310 is not inclined, which allows the positioning and / or stable interlocking of the roof structure on the roof. wall structure according to the invention, 1 or 1 ', for example.
  • An exterior finish panel 360 is preferably disposed directly on and / or above the connectors 342-347, so as to enclose one or more of the spaces 381, 382, 383, 384, 385 between the second panel 363 and the panel
  • the spaces 381-385 are delimited also between a pair of adjacent connectors, such as, for example, the rectangular space 381 which is framed between the panels 360 and 363 at the top and at the bottom, and between connectors 342 and 343 on the left and on the right, respectively.
  • the space or spaces 381-385 comprise and / or are filled with an insulating material, such as for example a soft insulating mass, such as glass wool, for example.
  • the outer finish panel 360 may be made in the same fashion and / or material as the outer panel 60 shown on the figure 3 .
  • the second panel (the top panel) 363 is not vertical, but inclined.
  • structural elements 351, 390, 391 are provided at the connection of the roof with the wall structure 1
  • the structural elements 351, 390, 391 allow a nesting of the roof on the wall.
  • structural elements 362, 341 are provided, similarly and / or similar to the case of the connection between the slab 300 and the wall 1. This is better visible in the extract E of the figure 15 , shown in detail at figure 16 .
  • the first beam is a U-beam, rotated 90 ° to the beam shown in FIG. figure 1 .
  • the base portion 21 '(the "closed” or “inside” side 24') of the upper beam is oriented inwardly and the "open" side of the beam outwardly.
  • the lateral side 23 '( figure 1 ) lies directly on the upper beam 20 ', if we ignore the spacer 351.
  • the plane of the base portion 21' is in parallel with the wall structure 1 '.
  • the plane of the base portion 21 ' is preferably centered with respect to the frame 11' and / or with respect to the upper beam 20 '.
  • An inner pad 391 is attached to the inner side on the frame 311.
  • the inner pad 391 and outer pad sets 390 extend both parallel to said first beam 310.
  • the platelet pad 390 is separated from the platelet pad 391. a distance which corresponds to the width of the upper beam 20 ', while leaving a necessary clearance to fit the roof structure 350 on the wall 1'.
  • the connector 341 is a similar longitudinal bar or bars 41-46 of the wall of the invention. Instead of a single bar, it is conceivable to use several shorter bars, fixed one next to the other on a single axis preferably horizontal, separated from one another. The same principle applies to the connectors 241 and 242 of the slab 200.
  • the same principle applies to the fixing of the connectors 342 to 347 on the metal frame 311.
  • the head of the screws is supported on a surface of a beam 330 of the frame 311, the surface being oriented towards the inside and the tip of the screw is oriented outwards and is anchored in the connector 343.
  • the outer panel 360 of the roof is preferably fixed by a screw whose head rests on the outer face of the outer panel 360, the tip of the screw, anchored in the connector 343, facing inwards. As the two screws anchored in the same connector are not in contact, a thermal bridge is avoided.
  • the invention makes it possible to quickly build a complete building, based on wall structures 1, floor 200 and / or roof 350 according to the invention, using the same building system.
  • the building elements according to the invention are characterized by great stability. They can withstand large loads, because the metal beams form a central framework and / or carrier.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Bearing And Curtain Walls (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Wandkonstruktionselement (1), umfassend:
    - eine Metallunterkonstruktion (11), umfassend einen unteren Metallträger (10) und einen oberen Metallträger (20), die durch eine Vielzahl an Zwischenmetallträgern (30) miteinander verbunden sind;
    - mehrere äußere Steckverbinder (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46), die auf einer Außenseite (31) der besagten Metallunterkonstruktion angeordnet und befestigt sind, und mehrere innere Steckverbinder (51, 52, 53, 54, 56), die auf einer Innenseite (32) der besagten Metallunterkonstruktion (11) angeordnet und befestigt sind, wobei die besagten äußeren und inneren Steckverbinder ein Isoliermaterial umfassen, und die besagten Außen- und Innenseiten (31, 32) gegenüberliegende Seiten der besagten Metallunterkonstruktion sind (11);
    - eine oder mehrere Außenplatten (60), die mit den äußeren Steckverbindern (41-46) dergestalt verbunden sind, dass die besagte Außenplatte (60) im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Metallunterkonstruktion (11) angeordnet ist, wobei die besagten Außenplatten (60) dazu bestimmt sind, nach außen einer Gebäudekonstruktion, die das Wandkonstruktionselement (1) umfasst, gerichtet zu sein;
    - eine oder mehrere Innenplatten (70), die mit den inneren Steckverbindern (51-56) dergestalt verbunden sind, dass die besagte Innenplatte (70) im Wesentlichen parallel zu der Metallunterkonstruktion (11) angeordnet ist, wobei die besagten Innenplatten (70) dazu bestimmt sind, nach innen einer Gebäudekonstruktion, die das Wandkonstruktionselement (1) umfasst, gerichtet zu sein;
    - einen Raum (80, 81), der zwischen der besagten Außenplatte (60) und der besagten Innenplatte (70) eingerichtet ist, der ein Isoliermaterial umfasst;
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagte Metallunterkonstruktion (11), die besagten Zwischenträger (30) in einer einzigen Reihe angeordnet sind, dass die unteren Enden der Zwischenträger auf dem unteren Träger (10) liegen, und dass die besagten unteren Träger (10), oberen Träger (20) und Zwischenträger (30) der Unterkonstruktion (11) sich mittig in einer einzigen gemeinsamen senkrechten Ebene befinden.
  2. Wandkonstruktionselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere Abstandshalter (91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96) auf einer Innenseite (71) der besagten Innenplatte (70) angebracht sind, und dass eine Verkleidungsplatte (100) auf den besagten Abstandshaltern angebracht ist, so dass die besagte Verkleidungsplatte (100) im Wesentlichen parallel zu der besagten Innenplatte (70) liegt und dass ein Hohlraum (110) zwischen der besagten Innenplatte (70) und der besagten Verkleidungsplatte (100) eingerichtet ist.
  3. Wandkonstruktionselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der besagten äußeren Steckverbinder (41-46) von den anderen äußeren Steckverbindern getrennt und/oder isoliert ist und im Wesentlichen aus einem Isoliermaterial besteht.
  4. Wandkonstruktionselement nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jeder der besagten inneren Steckverbinder (51-56) von den anderen inneren Steckverbindern getrennt und/oder isoliert ist und im Wesentlichen aus einem Isoliermaterial besteht.
  5. Wandkonstruktionselement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Raum (80) senkrecht zwischen den äußeren Steckverbindern (41-46) eingerichtet ist, und dadurch, dass ein weiches Isoliermaterial in diesem Raum vorhanden ist, und/oder dadurch, dass der Raum (80) im Wesentlichen durch ein weiches Isoliermaterial ausgefüllt ist.
  6. Wandkonstruktionselement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Raum (81) senkrecht zwischen den inneren Steckverbindern (51-56) eingerichtet ist, und dadurch, dass ein weiches Isoliermaterial in diesem Raum (81) vorhanden ist, und/oder dadurch, dass der Raum (81) im Wesentlichen durch ein weiches Isoliermaterial ausgefüllt ist.
  7. Wandkonstruktionselement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der besagte untere Metallträger (10) und/oder der besagte obere Metallträger (20) eine Länge (a), eine Höhe (b) und eine Breite (c) haben, und dass ein Ende von mindestens einem der besagten Zwischenträger (30) jeweils mittig in Bezug auf die Breite (c) des besagten unteren und/oder oberen Metallträgers angebracht ist.
  8. Wandkonstruktionselement nach einem der vorstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die besagten äußeren Steckverbinder (41-46) durch Kleben und/oder mit Hilfe von Schrauben (120), die durch Löcher (130) in den Zwischenträgern hindurchgehen, an der besagten Unterkonstruktion (11) befestigt sind.
  9. Eine Konstruktionsanordnung (300, 400), umfassend ein oder mehrere Wandkonstruktionselemente (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 und ein oder mehrere unter einem Bodenkonstruktionselement (200) und/oder einem Dachkonstruktionselement (350) ausgewählte Elemente.
  10. Die Konstruktionsanordnung (300, 400) nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Bodenkonstruktionselement (200) umfasst:
    - einen Metallrahmen (210), umfassend mindestens drei, vorzugsweise mindestens vier seitliche Träger (221, 222, 223, 224) und mehrere Innenträger (230);
    - einen oder mehrere Steckverbinder (241, 242), die mit mindestens einem der seitlichen Träger (221) verbunden sind; und
    - eine Außenplatte oder eine Bohle (260), die mit den besagten äußeren Steckverbindern (241, 242) verbunden ist, und eine obere Platte (270), die mit der Oberseite des besagten Rahmens (210) und/oder der besagten Innenträger (230) verbunden ist.
  11. Die Konstruktionsanordnung (300, 400) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bodenkonstruktionselement (200) mindestens ein Führungselement und/oder Eingriffselement (290) aufweist, das es ermöglicht, das Bodenkonstruktionselement (200) präzise auf dem Wandkonstruktionselement (1) zu platzieren.
  12. Die Konstruktionsanordnung (300, 400) nach Anspruch 10 oder 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bodenkonstruktionselement (200) einen Abstandshalter aus Polymer (251) umfasst, wobei der besagte Abstandshalter auf einer Unterseite von mindestens einem der seitlichen Träger (221) und/oder auf einer Unterseite und am Ende von mindestens einem der Innenträger (230) angeordnet ist.
  13. Die Konstruktionsanordnung (300, 400) nach Anspruch 9, wobei das Dachkonstruktionselement (350) umfasst:
    - einen Metallrahmen (311), umfassend einen ersten Träger (310), einen zweiten Träger (320) und mehrere Zwischenträger (330);
    - eine Innenplatte (370), die mit der unteren Seite des Metallrahmens (311) verbunden ist;
    - eine Vielzahl von Steckverbindern (342-347), die oberhalb des Metallrahmens (311) auf diesem letzteren oder auf einer oberen Platte (363) angebracht sind, wobei die besagte obere Platte auf dem Metallrahmen (311) befestigt ist;
    - eine Außenplatte (360), die auf einem oder mehreren Steckverbindern (342-347) befestigt ist; und,
    - ein Isoliermaterial, das in einem oder mehreren Räumen (381-385), die zwischen der Außenplatte (360) und dem Metallrahmen eingerichtet sind, angeordnet ist.
  14. Die Konstruktionsanordnung (300, 400) nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Raum (390) oder mehrere Räume zwischen den Zwischenträgern und/oder zwischen den besagten ersten oder zweiten Trägern (310, 320) des besagten Dachkonstruktionselements (350) eingerichtet sind, und dadurch, dass der besagte Raum (390) oder die besagten mehreren Räume ein Isoliermaterial umfassen.
  15. Die Konstruktionsanordnung (300, 400) nach einem der Ansprüche 13 und 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Dachkonstruktionselement (350) Verzapfungsteile (390, 391) umfasst, die entlang des ersten Trägers (310) angeordnet sind, so dass sie eine Verzapfung des Dachkonstruktionselements (350) auf einem Wandkonstruktionselement (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 ermöglichen.
EP13160840.8A 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 Wandstrukturelement Active EP2784236B1 (de)

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EP19158347.5A EP3536871A3 (de) 2013-03-25 2013-03-25 Mauerstrukturelemente, fussbodenstrukturelemente, dachstrukturelemente und gebäude, die mindestens eines dieser elemente umfassen

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE628567A (de) *
US2667241A (en) 1945-11-16 1954-01-26 Nat Steel Corp Prefabricated building structure
FR1153455A (fr) * 1956-04-25 1958-03-11 Bloc préfabriqué pour la construction
CH485090A (de) * 1969-03-26 1970-01-31 Wuhrmann Paul Vorgefertigtes Bauelement, insbesondere Wandelement
US3780481A (en) * 1971-04-15 1973-12-25 Myers Double Tee Structures In Composite panel fastening device having interlock feature
FR2519050A1 (fr) * 1981-12-24 1983-07-01 Dietrich & Cie De Panneau pour la construction modulaire d'un batiment, notamment d'une maison individuelle
US4986052A (en) 1988-05-10 1991-01-22 Nelson Thomas E Truss setting system
US6427407B1 (en) * 1999-03-31 2002-08-06 Soloflex, Inc. Modular building panels and method of constructing walls from the same
JP3979284B2 (ja) 2001-12-13 2007-09-19 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 壁構面と屋根構面との連結構造
AT6096U1 (de) * 2002-04-18 2003-04-25 List General Contractor Gmbh Wandelement zur errichtung von wänden sowie wandsystem mit solchen wandelementen
JP4121311B2 (ja) 2002-06-03 2008-07-23 三洋電機株式会社 薄片収納装置
KR100956741B1 (ko) 2008-04-23 2010-05-06 이병화 구조용 복합 경량 패널을 이용한 건축물 및 그 시공 방법
US20110296778A1 (en) 2010-06-08 2011-12-08 Collins Arlan E Pre-manufactured utility wall

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EP3536871A3 (de) 2019-10-02
EP3536871A2 (de) 2019-09-11

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