EP2808082A1 - Dispositif avec membrane doté d'un refoulement de fluide prédéfini - Google Patents

Dispositif avec membrane doté d'un refoulement de fluide prédéfini Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2808082A1
EP2808082A1 EP14164960.8A EP14164960A EP2808082A1 EP 2808082 A1 EP2808082 A1 EP 2808082A1 EP 14164960 A EP14164960 A EP 14164960A EP 2808082 A1 EP2808082 A1 EP 2808082A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
chamber
opening
interior
regions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14164960.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2808082B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas BRETTSCHNEIDER
Daniel Czurratis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP2808082A1 publication Critical patent/EP2808082A1/fr
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Publication of EP2808082B1 publication Critical patent/EP2808082B1/fr
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502738—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by integrated valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/50273—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by the means or forces applied to move the fluids
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0887—Laminated structure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/14—Means for pressure control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
    • B01L2400/0481—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure squeezing of channels or chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/04—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means
    • B01L2400/0475—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure
    • B01L2400/0487—Moving fluids with specific forces or mechanical means specific mechanical means and fluid pressure fluid pressure, pneumatics

Definitions

  • Lab-on-a-chip systems are microfluidic devices in which a plurality of functionalities of a macroscopic laboratory are housed on a plastic credit card sized plastic substrate, for example, and miniaturized complex biological, diagnostic, chemical or physical processes can take place. In many cases, such systems include polymer-based multi-layer constructions.
  • the document DE 10 2011 078 976 A1 shows, for example, a microfluidic device comprising two superimposed layers and an intermediate membrane. By pressurization, the membrane expands into a cavity of one of the two layers and can thereby displace a fluid in the cavity.
  • the invention relates to a device, in particular a microfluidic device, which has a chamber with at least one opening and a layer, in particular a stretchable membrane.
  • the layer is at least partially on an inner side of the chamber so that it closes the first opening.
  • a part of the layer is connected to the inside of the chamber so that when pressure is applied from outside the chamber through the first opening on the layer, the layer at least partially into an interior of the chamber expands and the part of the layer from the inside of the chamber at a predetermined extent of the layer dissolves in the interior of the chamber.
  • the connection of the part of the layer with the inside of the chamber only dissolves again for a given expansion of the layer, the spatial and temporal extension of the layer into the interior of the chamber is influenced.
  • the expansion of the layer into predetermined regions of the interior of the chamber can thus be delayed in time. This is particularly advantageous when fluids are to be displaced out of the chamber along a predetermined preferred direction.
  • the part of the layer is connected to the inside of the chamber in such a predetermined structure that upon pressurization through the first opening on the layer one direction, in particular a predetermined depending on the extent of the layer direction, the Extension of the layer is set in the interior of the chamber.
  • the structure comprises, starting from the first opening, a succession of alternating first and second regions, wherein in the first regions the layer is connected to the inside of the chamber and in the second regions the layer is not connected to the inside of the chamber.
  • the advantage of such a zone-wise connection of the layer to the inside of the chamber is, in addition to influencing the direction of expansion of the layer, also influencing a speed of expansion by specifying a respective shape and size of the first and second regions.
  • the sizes of the first and second regions are set such that a quotient of a size of a first region to a size of a second region adjacent to the first region having a distance of the first and second regions increasing from the first aperture decreases.
  • Invention increases the quotient with increasing distance of the first and the second area. It is particularly advantageous in these two developments that a predetermined acceleration or a predetermined delay of the expansion of the layer can be realized independently of a possible active control of the expansion speed of the layer by varying the applied pressure.
  • the layer is at least partially connected to the inside of the chamber such that an expansion of the layer in the interior of the chamber displaces an interior fluid within the interior at least partially through a second opening.
  • a second opening preferably selected parts or regions of the layer are connected to the inside of the chamber, so that an expansion of the layer and the associated displacement of the fluid through the second opening, an early closing of the second opening is prevented by the expanding layer.
  • the part of the layer is connected to the inside of the chamber to different degrees such that one direction, in particular a direction predetermined by the extent of the layer, is defined in the interior of the chamber.
  • FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention in the form of a sandwich-like layer structure, which comprises a first substrate 11, a second substrate 12 and an expansible layer 13 arranged therebetween, for example a stretchable polymer membrane.
  • a chamber 14 Between the first substrate 11 and the second substrate 12 is a chamber 14 through a recess in the first substrate 11, wherein an inside of the chamber 14 is formed by a side of the second substrate 12, on which the layer 13 abuts.
  • the second substrate 12 has a first fluid channel 15.
  • One end of the first fluid channel 15 forms a first opening 16 in the chamber 14, wherein the first opening 16 is closed by the layer 13.
  • the first substrate 11 preferably has a second fluid channel 17, which is fluidically coupled to the chamber 14 via a second opening 18.
  • An interior of the chamber 14 is thus bounded by the layer 13 and the first substrate 11 and preferably has a fluidic connection to a second opening 18.
  • the side of the second substrate 12 facing the layer 13 partially forms an inner side of the chamber 14 against which the layer 13 rests.
  • thermoplastics such as polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, polymethyl methacrylate, cyclo-olefin polymer or cyclo-olefin copolymer can be used, while the stretchable layer 1 is preferably made of an elastomer, a thermoplastic elastomer, a thermoplastic or a hot-melt adhesive film.
  • the thickness of the substrates 11, 12 is preferably between 0.5 and 5 mm, and the thickness of the layer 13 is preferably selected from a range of 5 to 300 ⁇ m.
  • the volume of the chamber 14 is preferably between 1 and 1000 ⁇ l.
  • the substrates together with required structures such as recesses and channels can preferably be produced by milling, injection molding, hot stamping or laser structuring.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section corresponding to the in FIG. 1 drawn section line AA 'by the exemplary embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the layer 13 is connected in a first region 21 with a surface of the second substrate 12 adjoining the layer 13 such that when the first opening 16 is pressurized onto the layer 13, the layer 13 is at a predetermined extent from the surface of the second Substrate 12 in the first region 21 dissolves again.
  • the layer 13 is not connected to the second substrate 12.
  • the first region 21 and the second region 22 jointly cover the recess in the first substrate 11 and thus together form an inner side of the chamber 14.
  • the layer 13 is advantageously connected both to the first substrate 11 and to the second substrate 12.
  • the first region 21 is selected to be significantly larger than the second region 22.
  • This is advantageously accompanied both by a well-defined arrangement of the layer 13 along the second substrate 12 and a well-defined volume of the chamber 14.
  • An influence of gravity which could result in an unwanted expansion of the layer 13 into the interior of the chamber 14, is thereby limited to the significantly smaller second region 22.
  • an undesired expansion or bulging of the layer 13 is reduced by an internal stress of the layer 13
  • the bonding of the substrates 11, 12 and the layer 13 is preferably carried out by laser transmission welding.
  • the wavelength of the laser light is preferably selected from the range between 500 and 1600 nm, more preferably about 10 ⁇ 3 nm, most preferably about 1064 nm.
  • the laser can be used in pulse mode or preferably in continuous wave mode.
  • the frequency of the laser light is preferably selected from the range between 500 Hz and 500 kHz, more preferably about 4 kHz.
  • the power of the laser light is preferably selected from the range between 100 mW and 10,000 mW, more preferably about 700 mW.
  • the feed rate of the laser during welding is preferably selected from the range between 1 mm / s and 1000 mm / s, more preferably about 20 mm / s.
  • the spot size of the laser beam is preferably selected from the range between 0.05 mm and 10 mm, more preferably about 1 mm.
  • FIG. 3 shows the exemplary embodiment of the device 10 according to the invention FIGS. 1 and 2 at different times t1, t2, t3, t4, t5.
  • a pressure of a first fluid within the chamber 14 is at least equal to a pressure of a second fluid, preferably gas, in the first fluid channel 15.
  • the first fluid is separated from the second fluid by the layer 13.
  • the layer 13 is connected in the first region 21 to the surface of the second substrate 12.
  • the first opening 16 is located in the chamber 14 in the second region 22 of the layer 13. In the immediate vicinity of the first opening 16, the layer 13 is thus preferably not connected to the substrate 12.
  • the pressure in the first fluid channel 15 has been increased, so that a portion 33 of the layer 13 in the second region 22 has expanded into the interior of the chamber 14.
  • a part of the located in the chamber 14 second fluid displaced by the second opening 18 in the second fluid channel 17.
  • the layer 13 has also partially in the second with a corresponding pressure increase, preferably in the range of a relative pressure of 0.1 to 10 bar, more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 2 bar Region 22 again detached from the second substrate 12.
  • the associated enlargement of the extending into the interior of the chamber portion 33 of the layer 13 has displaced further second fluid through the second fluid channel 17.
  • an average direction 35, 36, 37, 38 of the extension of the portion 33 of the layer 13 has changed continuously, which successively points to the second opening 18 of the second fluid channel with increasing expansion.
  • a direction of the extent of the portion 33 of the layer 13 is advantageously also predetermined as a function of the extent of the part 33.
  • the layer 13 has closed the second opening 18, after almost all the second fluid has been displaced through the second fluid channel 17 due to the further expansion of the part 33 of the layer 13.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross section corresponding to the in FIG. 1 drawn section line AA 'by an alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the layer 13 is connected in a predetermined structure with a surface forming an inner wall of the chamber 14 of the second substrate 12.
  • the structure has a sequence of alternating first regions 21 and second regions 22, wherein in the first regions 21, the layer 13 is connected to the inside of the chamber 14 and in the second regions 22, the layer 13 with the inside of the chamber 14th not connected.
  • the FIG. 4 shows an example realization of the structure with areas 21, 22 in the form of rectangular strips, wherein all strips have approximately equal lengths, but different widths.
  • the local and temporal extent of the part 33 of the layer 13 can be influenced in a targeted manner when pressure is applied through the first opening 18.
  • the sizes of the regions 21, 22 are selected such that a quotient of a variable of one of the first regions 21 to a size of one at the respective first region 21 adjacent second region 22 decreases with a to the first opening 16 increasing distance of the respective first and second regions 21, 22.
  • This variant of the structure is in FIG. 4 shown. Starting from the first opening 16, the width of the strips of the first regions 21 decreases continuously in the direction of the preferred second fluid channel 17, while the width of the strips of the second regions 22 remains approximately constant.
  • the ratio of the size of a first region 21 to the size of an adjacent second region 22 thus decreases the farther the strips are from the first aperture 16.
  • the sizes of the regions 21, 22 may be selected such that a quotient of a size of one of the first regions 21 to a size of a second region 22 adjoining the respective first region 21 with a distance of the respective first one increasing from the first opening 16 and the second area 21, 22 increases. This results in a favorable delay expansion of the portion 33 of the layer 13 in the chamber 14 to the sequence.
  • FIG. 5 shows a cross section corresponding to the in FIG. 1 drawn section line AA 'by a further alternative embodiment of the device according to the invention.
  • the layer 13 is bonded in a predetermined structure to a surface of the second substrate 12, the surface forming an inner wall of the chamber 14.
  • the structure has a first region 21, in which the layer 13 is connected to the inside of the chamber 14, and a second region 22, in which the layer 13 is not connected to the inside of the chamber 14.
  • the first area 21 has Preferably, the shape of an isosceles triangle whose tip points in the direction of the first opening 16 and the base is arranged in the direction of the preferred second fluid channel 17. When pressure is applied to the layer 13 through the first opening 16, the layer 13 first expands in the second area 22 around the triangular first area 21.
  • FIG. 5 illustrated embodiment thus an exemplary way, as by a suitably structured partial connection of the layer 13 with the second substrate 12, a spatial extent of the layer 13 can be influenced.
  • a direction of expansion which varies as a function of the extent of the layer 13 can be predetermined.
  • the layer 13 which expands into the interior of the chamber 14 can also act on a bag, for example a hose or foil bag, located in the chamber 14.
  • a bag for example a hose or foil bag
  • targeted pressure can be exerted by the portion 33 of the layer 13 which expands into the interior of the chamber 14 onto a predetermined region of the bag.
  • a defined pressure acting on the bag is exceeded, the bag may burst and a substance or a fluid in the bag may be released.
  • the average direction 35, 36, 37, 38 of the extension of the portion 33 of the layer 13 is predetermined by suitable structure of the compound so that the portion 33 of the layer 13, the bag only in Partially contacted an area away from the predetermined breaking point.
  • the predetermined breaking point is not obscured by the layer 13 and allows uninterrupted emptying of the bag after the pressure exerted by the layer 13 causing bursting of the bag at the predetermined breaking point.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
EP14164960.8A 2013-05-28 2014-04-16 Dispositif avec membrane doté d'un refoulement de fluide prédéfini Active EP2808082B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013209866.9A DE102013209866B4 (de) 2013-05-28 2013-05-28 Vorrichtung mit vorgegebener Fluidverdrängung

Publications (2)

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EP2808082A1 true EP2808082A1 (fr) 2014-12-03
EP2808082B1 EP2808082B1 (fr) 2020-02-19

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DE (1) DE102013209866B4 (fr)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2905079A1 (fr) * 2014-02-10 2015-08-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de stockage préalable d'un fluide dans un système micro-fluidique, procédé de fonctionnement et procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif
US11597091B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2023-03-07 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Robotic target alignment for vehicle sensor calibration
DE102021210723A1 (de) 2021-09-27 2023-03-30 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Vorrichtung, insbesondere mikrofluidische Vorrichtung, mit einer Siegelfolie und Verfahren zur Herstellung
DE102021210725A1 (de) 2021-09-27 2023-03-30 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Vorrichtung, insbesondere mikrofluidische Vorrichtung, mit einer Freiform-Struktur zur Aufnahme von Flüssigkeit
DE102021214094A1 (de) 2021-12-10 2023-06-15 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Wärmeleitfähige Siegelfolie für eine mikrofluidische Vorrichtung und Herstellverfahren
US11781860B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2023-10-10 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Mobile vehicular alignment for sensor calibration
US11835646B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2023-12-05 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Target alignment for vehicle sensor calibration
US12172654B2 (en) 2021-01-28 2024-12-24 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Target alignment system and method for sensor calibration

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WO2002041994A2 (fr) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-30 Nextgen Sciences Ltd Analyses chimiques
US20060076068A1 (en) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-13 Kionix Corporation Microfluidic pump and valve structures and fabrication methods
US20070166199A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2007-07-19 Kionix Corporation Microfluidic systems and control methods
EP2025405A1 (fr) * 2007-07-19 2009-02-18 Formulatrix, Inc. Ensemble de dosage et procède de distribution des fluides
US20110086433A1 (en) * 2009-10-14 2011-04-14 Jochen Rupp Microfluidic chip
DE102010015161A1 (de) * 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 Technische Universität Dresden Mikrofluidiksystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betreiben
DE102011078976A1 (de) 2011-07-11 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mikrofluidische Vorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mikrofluidischen Vorrichtung

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US4558326A (en) 1982-09-07 1985-12-10 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Purging system for ink jet recording apparatus
DE19522806C2 (de) 1995-06-23 1997-06-12 Karlsruhe Forschzent Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mikromembranventils
US5897097A (en) 1996-09-06 1999-04-27 Xerox Corporation Passively addressable fluid valves having S-shaped blocking films
EP1163446B1 (fr) 1998-11-06 2007-01-03 Honeywell Inc. Reseau de pompage a activation electrostatique
US7308991B2 (en) 2003-11-17 2007-12-18 Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. Blown bottle with intrinsic liner
US7517201B2 (en) 2005-07-14 2009-04-14 Honeywell International Inc. Asymmetric dual diaphragm pump

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2002041994A2 (fr) * 2000-11-24 2002-05-30 Nextgen Sciences Ltd Analyses chimiques
US20060076068A1 (en) * 2004-10-13 2006-04-13 Kionix Corporation Microfluidic pump and valve structures and fabrication methods
US20070166199A1 (en) * 2006-01-19 2007-07-19 Kionix Corporation Microfluidic systems and control methods
EP2025405A1 (fr) * 2007-07-19 2009-02-18 Formulatrix, Inc. Ensemble de dosage et procède de distribution des fluides
US20110086433A1 (en) * 2009-10-14 2011-04-14 Jochen Rupp Microfluidic chip
DE102010015161A1 (de) * 2010-04-16 2011-10-20 Technische Universität Dresden Mikrofluidiksystem und Verfahren zu dessen Betreiben
DE102011078976A1 (de) 2011-07-11 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Mikrofluidische Vorrichtung sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung einer mikrofluidischen Vorrichtung

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2905079A1 (fr) * 2014-02-10 2015-08-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dispositif de stockage préalable d'un fluide dans un système micro-fluidique, procédé de fonctionnement et procédé de fabrication d'un tel dispositif
US11597091B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2023-03-07 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Robotic target alignment for vehicle sensor calibration
US11781860B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2023-10-10 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Mobile vehicular alignment for sensor calibration
US11835646B2 (en) 2018-04-30 2023-12-05 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Target alignment for vehicle sensor calibration
US12172654B2 (en) 2021-01-28 2024-12-24 BPG Sales and Technology Investments, LLC Target alignment system and method for sensor calibration
DE102021210723A1 (de) 2021-09-27 2023-03-30 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Vorrichtung, insbesondere mikrofluidische Vorrichtung, mit einer Siegelfolie und Verfahren zur Herstellung
DE102021210725A1 (de) 2021-09-27 2023-03-30 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Vorrichtung, insbesondere mikrofluidische Vorrichtung, mit einer Freiform-Struktur zur Aufnahme von Flüssigkeit
DE102021214094A1 (de) 2021-12-10 2023-06-15 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Wärmeleitfähige Siegelfolie für eine mikrofluidische Vorrichtung und Herstellverfahren

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Publication number Publication date
EP2808082B1 (fr) 2020-02-19
DE102013209866A1 (de) 2014-12-18
DE102013209866B4 (de) 2021-11-04

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