EP2817686A1 - Procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau et dispositifs fonctionnant selon ledit procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau et dispositifs fonctionnant selon ledit procédé

Info

Publication number
EP2817686A1
EP2817686A1 EP13706486.1A EP13706486A EP2817686A1 EP 2817686 A1 EP2817686 A1 EP 2817686A1 EP 13706486 A EP13706486 A EP 13706486A EP 2817686 A1 EP2817686 A1 EP 2817686A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tool
cutting
chip
wear
machining
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13706486.1A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Egbert SCHÄPERMEIER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP2817686A1 publication Critical patent/EP2817686A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B19/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B19/02—Program-control systems electric
    • G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form
    • G05B19/404—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of program data in numerical form characterised by control arrangements for compensation, e.g. for backlash, overshoot, tool offset, tool wear, temperature, machine construction errors, load, inertia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
    • B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
    • B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
    • B23Q15/18—Compensation of tool-deflection due to temperature or force
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49088—As a function of, regulate feed as function of material, tool
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49093—Adapt cutting speed as function of depth of cutting
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49109—Control cutting speed as function of tool wire wear, measure diameter of wire
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49211—Compensation dilatation using calculated temperature from velocity
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
    • G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
    • G05B2219/30—Nc systems
    • G05B2219/49—Nc machine tool, till multiple
    • G05B2219/49214—Estimate error from heat distribution model and drive current, correct error

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for the machining of ductile materials with a geometrically defined cutting edge, in particular by milling. Furthermore, the invention relates to devices operating according to this method.
  • Ductile materials are machined, for example, by turning, drilling and milling.
  • Cutting data recommendations of the tool manufacturer takes. Cutting data, which provide qualitatively and economically acceptable machining results, have so far been determined empirically. The influence of individual process parameters is not readily apparent.
  • the tool was made in a turning or milling machine at different
  • Milling machines are usually set. This type of cutting data determination requires a lot of experience of the operator of the machine.
  • connection with the tool wear is missing here as well.
  • thermoelastoplastic influence due to friction at the interface between tool and chip is taken into account Strenkowski and Mitchum have developed a material model that takes into account thermoelastopolastic factors resulting from friction at the interface between tool and chip.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a method for the machining of ductile materials with geometrically defined
  • Cutting edge to provide that less effort for the determination and the application of qualitatively and economically acceptable cutting data in practice.
  • the task is also to provide tool manufacturers with a method in which the wear data of his tools are deposited and thus the optimization of the use of these tools for the user for any application cost and without consulting and preliminary tests are feasible.
  • this object is achieved by a method with the
  • chip flow The solution according to the invention for these tasks is based on the following considerations, wherein the material removal is referred to below by the term "chip flow":
  • the peeling of the chip from a workpiece is a non-linear physical process. This automatically creates new surfaces and there are large, related to the chip formation deformations that lead to the generation of heat. Sources of this heat generation are the sliding contact along the
  • Chip formation is thus a highly dynamic process, which can not only be described according to the laws of strength theory and not only according to the laws of plasticity theory.
  • the work performed during the material removal process leads directly to the generation of heat.
  • the elevated temperature affects both the
  • the temperature at the underside of the chip influences the shear strength in this area, whereby this shear resistance is decisive for the power that has to be applied for pushing out the chip over the rake face.
  • the Peclet number Pe is a dimensionless metric.
  • the Peclet number is formed from the ratio the relative velocity between the two bodies and the
  • the chip formation takes place with the cutting speed v c and the chip thickness h.
  • the thickness of the resulting chip h spa n is greater than the chip thickness h by the compression factor ⁇ .
  • the chip thickness thus results from the product h * A. Due to the chip compression, the chip is pushed out over the rake face at a value which is lower than the cutting speed. This is the
  • Temperature code of the body a divided by the distance from the sliding surface. In the present case, this distance corresponds to the chip thickness h spa n.
  • the product v c * h is referred to as the chip removal volume and is a measure of the volume cut off per mm span width.
  • the extension force related to 1 mm chip width depends on steel
  • Flow chip formation from the temperature For unalloyed and alloyed steels, the dependence of the extension force on the Peclet number can be represented in a curve as shown in FIG. In the diagram of Fig. 1 are plotted on the ordinate the Ausschubkraft and on the abscissa the Peclet number. The boundaries of these regions are marked by values of the Peclet number Pei-n and Pen-m, which are about the same for all materials with continuous chip formation, and which are at 6 to 8 and at 12 to 14, respectively.
  • the machinability of ductile materials can thus be characterized by the thermal conductivity of the material to be processed in the associated temperature range. As a result, the faster the chip absorbs the resulting heat, the higher the chip removal rate can be.
  • FIG. 1 has three regions I, II and III. In the three areas, the contact conditions differ between the underside of the chip and the chip surface.
  • the temperature in area I is lower than in areas II and III.
  • the temperature in area I is below 721 ° C.
  • the temperature is not enough to soften the chip bottom.
  • the contact in this area consists only of the contact of the above microscopic irregularities of
  • Chip underside and clamping surface When pushing out the chip, the edges of the chip lower side are sheared off and transported away into the hollows of the chip underside.
  • the chip underside is heated to such an extent that the unevenness of the two contact surfaces penetrates more strongly.
  • the volume of the sheds sheared when pushing out the chip increases.
  • part of the sheared material will remain in the troughs of the rake face, tending to weld. If the weld is too high, the coating dissolves again. This process is periodic and leads to uncontrolled Abtrags disagree.
  • Residues on the rake surface leaves.
  • the tool steels can not be used in the range above 721 ° C for reasons of wear resistance. Can therefore be used economically only in the area I.
  • the hard cutting materials can be used at temperatures that allow processing in the area III. These cutting materials are underused, as long as they are used in area I. Because of the uncontrolled
  • the temperature in the area of the cutting surface of the tool also determines the service life of the tool.
  • the dependency illustrated in FIG. 2 results for region III:
  • the Peclet number is plotted logarithmically against the chip thickness.
  • the logarithmic graph shows a linear dependence between Peclet number and
  • Chip thickness The straight line for a service life of the tool of 15 minutes is to be determined by lifetime tests.
  • the two values are exclusively tool-specific and apply unchanged to the machining of ductile materials.
  • the wear constants provide the Peclet number for a given chip thickness, which gives the tool life T.
  • the cutting edge is machined during milling
  • the chip thickness h can be calculated, which determines the wear of the tool. This is the largest thickness of the Varaspans h max , which corresponds to the feed / tooth s z in the case of the full cut of a milling cutter.
  • the cutting speed is the relative speed between
  • the feed is the movement of the tool in relation to the workpiece.
  • the illustration in FIG. 2 reveals that the value for the Peclet number is greater the greater the maximum chip thickness for a particular machining case is selected for a given tool life. Since the removal rate is proportional to the value of the Peclet number, the method eliminates the need to choose the chip thickness as large as possible.
  • the chip thickness stands for the load of the cutting edge. For this is from the
  • the wear data of a tool can be determined with just a few puncture tests and are the same for machining different ductile materials
  • the machining program can be used without modification for machining the same workpiece made of different ductile materials.
  • Processing step can be regulated with regard to constant levels.
  • the present invention manifests itself in
  • Control device the optimal cutting speed and the optimal feed rate is calculated continuously from the changing during machining engagement conditions and passed to the control of a processing device, or
  • a programmable control device characterized in that the programmable control device is adapted to detect the following values as input variables:
  • control device is further designed to continuously calculate the optimum cutting speed and the optimum feed speed on the basis of these values and to transmit them to a control device of the device, or
  • a V-groove with a width of 20 mm is produced by means of a milling cutter.
  • the software generates a user interface in a computer via which the following values are specified.
  • the processing unit can be o A pure output unit for the visualization of the calculated results o A CAM / CAD program o The control of the machine selected for machining
  • the material-specific thermal diffusivity a in this case is 8 mm 2 / s
  • the tool is an end mill.
  • v c 223 m / min
  • the machine setting data results in a processing in the area III.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Automatic Control Of Machine Tools (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau au moyen d'un outil commandé/régulé, comprenant une opération de coupe, en particulier par fraisage, et consistant à calculer en continu à l'aide du nombre de Peclet une vitesse de coupe et d'avance au moyen d'un dispositif de commande programmable sur la base de la conductivité thermique du matériau, de l'épaisseur de copeau, de la géométrie de la coupe, ainsi que de la durée d'utilisation de l'outil et des données d'usure qui caractérisent le comportement à l'usure de l'outil, et à l'utiliser pour la commande/la régulation de l'outil.
EP13706486.1A 2012-02-24 2013-02-21 Procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau et dispositifs fonctionnant selon ledit procédé Withdrawn EP2817686A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATGM50015/2012U AT12948U1 (de) 2012-02-24 2012-02-24 Verfahren für die Zerspanung duktiler Werkstoffe mit geometrisch definierter Schneide und nach diesem Verfahren arbeitende Vorrichtungen
PCT/EP2013/053449 WO2013124352A1 (fr) 2012-02-24 2013-02-21 Procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau et dispositifs fonctionnant selon ledit procédé

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2817686A1 true EP2817686A1 (fr) 2014-12-31

Family

ID=47681314

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13706486.1A Withdrawn EP2817686A1 (fr) 2012-02-24 2013-02-21 Procédé de mise en copeaux d'un matériau et dispositifs fonctionnant selon ledit procédé

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2817686A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT12948U1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013124352A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (6)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106647632B (zh) * 2016-12-27 2018-10-19 沈阳航空航天大学 Cfrp与钛合金叠层结构铰孔刀具寿命的预测方法
EP3699703A1 (fr) * 2019-02-19 2020-08-26 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Procédé d' ajuster données de valeur de coupe pour une machine-outil
DE102021126780B4 (de) 2021-10-15 2024-10-31 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zur Verarbeitung von Werkzeugdaten und Vorrichtung zur Auswertung und Planung einer Werkzeugverwendung
CN115781798A (zh) * 2022-12-06 2023-03-14 苏州维嘉科技股份有限公司 电路板加工设备及其控制方法
CN118625738B (zh) * 2024-05-13 2025-04-01 廊坊市久瑞机械设备有限公司 一种应用于零件加工的刀具控制优化方法及系统
CN118940556B (zh) * 2024-07-11 2025-12-02 天津大学 基于有限元分析的大型薄壁结构件切削变形快速预测方法

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US5377116A (en) 1991-07-01 1994-12-27 Valenite Inc. Method and system for designing a cutting tool
DE4218799A1 (de) * 1992-06-06 1993-12-16 Brandmeier Thomas Dr Verfahren zur Verschleißerkennung an Werkzeugmaschinen durch dynamische Kraftmessung mittels des magnetoelastischen Effekts
US5904457A (en) * 1996-06-26 1999-05-18 The Gleason Works Detecting tool wear by thermal monitoring of workpiece
US6665580B1 (en) * 2000-09-18 2003-12-16 Thermwood Corporation Automatic cutting tool management system for a computer numeric controlled machining system
US6810302B2 (en) * 2003-03-31 2004-10-26 Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation Process and methodology for selecting cutting parameters for titanium
DE102004055382B4 (de) * 2004-11-17 2009-10-22 Comara Kg Verfahren zur Optimierung der Standzeiten von zum Drehen dienenden Bearbeitungswerkzeugen insbesondere CNC-gesteuerter Werkzeugmaschinen
WO2006128391A1 (fr) * 2005-05-25 2006-12-07 Albert Schlegel Procede et dispositif pour optimiser la vitesse d'execution
JP4583415B2 (ja) * 2007-02-15 2010-11-17 株式会社神戸製鋼所 工具磨耗の予測方法、工具磨耗予測プログラム、および工具摩耗予測システム

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2013124352A1 (fr) 2013-08-29
AT12948U1 (de) 2013-02-15

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