Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings
  • C07D417/12—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing two hetero rings linked by a chain containing hetero atoms as chain links
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
  • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
  • A61K31/427—Thiazoles not condensed and containing further heterocyclic rings
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
  • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
  • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
  • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
  • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
  • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
  • A61K31/443—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with oxygen as a ring hetero atom
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P13/00—Drugs for disorders of the urinary system
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P23/00—Anaesthetics
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
  • C07D417/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00
  • C07D417/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, at least one ring having nitrogen and sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D415/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a compound having a blocking effect against sodium ion channels, particularly Nav1.7, a preparation method thereof and the use thereof.
• Nav channels various voltage-gated Na + channels (Nav channels) and K + channels (Kav channels) are present in nerve trunks.
• membrane potential i.e., generator potential
• Nav channels When such Nav channels are depolarized by generator potential in the nerve terminal, they play an important role in generating action voltage.
• the Nav channels play an important role in various diseases, including epilepsy (see Yogeeswari et al., Curr. Drug Targets, 5(7):589-602 (2004)), arrhythmia (see Noble D., Proc. Nail. Acad. Sci.
• Nav channels There are a total of ten known Nav channels as summarized in Table 1 below. Among the ten channels, nine channels (Nav1.1-NaV1.9) form channels (see Goldin, A. L. et al., Annu. Rev. Physiol., 63:871-894 (2001)). Among them, Nav1.3, Nav1.6, Nav1.7, Nav1.8 and Nav1.9 are expressed in DRG.
• Table 1 Type Gene Primary tissue TTX IC-50 nM Indications Nav1.1 SNC1A CNS/PNS 10 Pain, epilepsy, neurodegeneration Nav1.2 SNC2A CNS 10 Neurodegeneration, epilepsy Nav1.3 SNC3A CNS 15 Pain, epilepsy Nav1.4 SNC4A Sk.muscle 25 Myotonia Nav1.5 SNC5A Heart 2000 Arrhythmia Nav1.6 SNC6A CNS/PNS 6 Pain, movement disorders Nav1.7 SNC7A PNS 25 Pain, disorder of neuroendocrine system Nav1.8 SNC8A PNS 50000 Pain Nav1.9 SNC9A PNS 1000 Pain
• Nav1.7 is known to be highly expressed mainly in dorsal root ganglia (DRG) and sympathetic ganglia (see Toledo-Aral, J. J. et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 94:1527-1532 (1997), and Rush, A. M. et al. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA., 103:8245-8250 (2006)).
• DRG dorsal root ganglia
• the Nav1.7 channel is expressed in A- or C-fiber neurons, but frequently distributed in small neurons having a deep connection with pain.
• 85% of DRG are present in cells defined as nociceptors (see Djouhri, L. et al., J. Physiol., 546: 565-576 (2003)). This fact indicates that Nav1.7 has a close connection with pain.
• PEPD paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
• CIP congenital indifference to pain
• the Nav1.7 channel antagonist inhibits a plurality of Nav channels including the Nav1.7 channel, it can show adverse effects of various CNS disturbances, such as blurring of vision, dizziness, vomiting and depression. Particularly, if it inhibits the Nav1.5 channel, it can cause cardiac arrhythmia and heart failure, which may prove fatal. For these reasons, selective inhibition of the Nav1.7 channels is very important.
• Acute pain plays an important protective function in maintaining the safety of organisms from stimuli that can cause tissue injury. Thus, it is generally temporary and intense.
• inflammatory pain can be persistent, and the intensity thereof further increases.
• Inflammatory pain is mediated by various substances that are released during inflammation, including substance P, histamine, acids, prostaglandin, bradykinin, CGRP, cytokines, ATP and other substances (see Julius, D. et al., Nature, 413 (6852):203-210 (2001)).
• the third pain is neuropathic and involves nerve injury or a nerve injury caused by viral infection. It causes reconstitution of circuits with neuron proteins to cause pathological “sensitization”, which can result in chronic pain that lasts for several years. This type of pain does not provide the advantage of adaptability and is difficult to treat by current methods of therapy.
• neuropathic pain and intractable pain are great medical problems that have not been solved.
• Drugs that are currently used for the treatment of pain include NSAIDS, COX-2 inhibitors, opioids, tricyclic antidepressants and anticonvulsants.
• Neuropathic pain is particularly difficult to treat, because it does not respond well to opioids until a high dose is reached.
• gabapentin is most widely used as a therapeutic agent against neuropathic pain, but it is only effective for 60% of patients and is therefore not greatly effective. This drug is generally safe, but is problematic in terms of sedative action at high doses.
• the present inventors have conducted studies on novel compounds, and as a result, have found that compounds having chemical structures different from those of sodium channel blockers reported to date have excellent sodium channel blocking effects, thereby completing the present invention.
• Compounds falling within the scope of the present invention mainly have sodium channel blocking activity, but it is not excluded that products produced by a special in vivo environment or a metabolic process after absorption of the compounds in vivo will act as agonists and exhibit effective pharmacological action.
• the present invention provides a compound represented by the following formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof:
• R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, or aryl or heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl and thienyl,
• aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl and halogen,
• R 2 is aryl or heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furanyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, phenyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl and thienyl,
• aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, halogen, morpholino, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyridinyl and pyrrolidinyl,
• R 3 is thiazolyl or thiadiazolyl
• X 1 is CH or N
• X 2 is CH or N, with the proviso that at least one among X 1 and X 2 is CH,
• Y is O or CH(OH)
• Z is CR 4 ,
• R 4 is H, halogen or CN
• R 5 is H or halogen
• R 2 is pyrazolyl subsitituted by C 1-4 alkyl, one among X 1 and X 2 is N, and
• R 1 is H; chloro; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 haloalkyl and halogen; pyridinyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or two halogens; unsubstituted pyrimidinyl; unsubstituted furanyl; unsubstituted isoxazolyl; pyrazolyl unsubstituted or substituted by C 1-4 alkyl; or unsubstituted thienyl.
• R 1 is H; chloro; phenyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of CF 3 , F and Cl; pyridinyl unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F; unsubstituted pyrimidinyl; unsubstituted furanyl; unsubstituted isoxazolyl; pyrazolyl unsubstituted or substituted by methyl; or unsubstituted thienyl.
• R 2 is unsubstituted furanyl; imidazolyl substituted by pyridinyl; isoxazolyl substituted by two C 1-4 alkyl; unsubstituted phenyl; pyrazolyl unsubstituted or substituted by C 1-4 alkyl or C 3-6 cycloalkyl; pyridinyl unsusbtituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, halogen, morpholino, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl; pyrimidinyl unsubstituted or substituted by piperazinyl; thiazolyl substituted by C 3-6 cycloalkyl; or thienyl substituted by one or two C 1-4 alkyl.
• R 2 is unsubstituted furanyl; imidazolyl substituted by pyridinyl; isoxazolyl substituted by two methyl; unsubstituted phenyl; pyrazolyl unsubstituted or substituted by methyl or cyclopropyl; pyridinyl unsusbtituted or substituted by one or two substituents selected from the group consisting of methyl, F, Cl, morpholino, piperidinyl and pyrrolidinyl; pyrimidinyl unsubstituted or substituted by piperazinyl; thiazolyl substituted by cyclopropyl; or thienyl substituted by one or two methyl.
• R 4 is H, F, Cl or CN.
• R 5 is H or F.
• R 1 is aryl or heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl and thienyl,
• aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl and halogen,
• R 2 is aryl or heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furanyl, imidazolyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, thiazolyl and thienyl,
• aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 3-6 cycloalkyl, halogen, morpholino, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyridinyl and pyrrolidinyl,
• R 3 is thiazolyl or thiadiazolyl
• X 1 is CH or N
• X 2 is CH or N, with the proviso that at least one among X 1 and X 2 is CH,
• Z is CR 4 ,
• R 4 is H, halogen or CN
• R 5 is H or halogen.
• R 1 is hydrogen, halogen, or aryl or heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridinyl and furanyl,
• aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen
• R 2 is aryl or heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of furanyl, phenyl, pyrazolyl and pyridinyl,
• aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by C 1-4 alkyl
• R 3 is thiazolyl
• X 1 is CH or N
• X 2 is CH or N, with the proviso that at least one among X 1 and X 2 is CH,
• Z is CR 4 ,
• R 4 is H or halogen
• R 5 is H.
• the present invention provides a method for preparing the compound represented by formula 1.
• the present invention provides a method for preparing a compound represented by formula 1 wherein Y is O, the method being as shown in the following reaction scheme 1:
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , X 1 , X 2 and Z are as defined above, and X is a halogen.
• X is fluoro.
• a compound represented by formula 2-1 is allowed to react with a compound represented by formula 2-2.
• the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of Cs 2 CO 3 , and a solvent for the reaction is preferably DMF.
• the present invention also provides a method for preparing a compound represented by formula 1 wherein Y is CH(OH), the method being as shown in the following reaction scheme 2:
• R 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , X 1 , X 2 and Z are defined above, and X is a halogen.
• X is chloro.
• reaction scheme 2 a compound represented by formula 2-3 is allowed to react with a compound represented by formula 2-4.
• the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of n-BuLi, and a solvent for the reaction is preferably THF.
• the present invention also provides a method for preparing a compound represented by formula 1 wherein R1 is aryl or heteroaryl selected from the group consisting of phenyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidinyl, furanyl, isoxazolyl, pyrazolyl and thienyl (wherein the aryl or heteroaryl is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two substituents independently selected from the group consisting of C 1-4 alkyl, C 1-4 haloalkyl and halogen), the method being as shown in the following reaction scheme 3:
• R 2 , R 3 , R 5 , X 1 , X 2 , Y and Z are as defined above, and X is a halogen.
• X is chloro.
• reaction scheme 3 a compound represented by formula 2-5 is allowed to react with a compound represented by formula 2-6.
• the reaction is preferably carried out in the presence of Pd(PPh 3 ) 4 and Na 2 CO 3 , and a solvent for the reaction is preferably DMF.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable metal salt of the compound represented by formula 1 can be obtained using a base according to a conventional method.
• a pharmaceutically acceptable metal salt of the compound represented by formula 1 can be obtained by dissolving the compound of formula 1 in an excess of an alkali metal hydroxide or alkaline earth metal hydroxide solution, filtering out undissolved compound salt, and evaporating and drying the filtrate.
• the metal salt prepared is particularly preferably a sodium, potassium or calcium salt, and this metal salt may be reacted with a suitable salt (e.g., nitrate).
• a pharmaceutically unacceptable salt or solvate of the compound represented by formula 1 may be used as an intermediate in the preparation of the compound represented by formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof.
• inventive compounds represented by formula 1 include, in addition to pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, possible solvates and hydrates that can be prepared therefrom, as well as all possible stereoisomers. Solvates, hydrates and stereoisomers of the compounds represented by formula 1 can be prepared from the compounds of formula 1 using conventional methods.
• inventive compound represented by formula 1 may be prepared in a crystalline or amorphous form. When the compound represented by formula 1 is prepared in a crystalline form, it may optionally be hydrated or solvated.
• the present invention includes within its scope stoichiometric hydrates of the compounds represented by formula 1 as well as compounds containing variable amounts of water. Solvates of the inventive compounds represented by formula 1 include all stoichiometric solvates and non-stoichiometric solvates.
• the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating a sodium channel blocker-related disease comprising the compound represented by formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof as an active ingredient. Further, the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a sodium channel blocker-related disease, which comprises administering to a subject in need thereof a pharmaceutical composition comprising comprising the compound represented by formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof as an active ingredient. Further, the present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for use in the prevention or treatment of a sodium channel blocker-related disease, comprising the compound represented by formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof as an active ingredient.
• the present invention provides a use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound represented by formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof as an active ingredient, for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating a sodium channel blocker-related disease.
• the diseases include acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, post-surgery pain, migraine, arthralgia, neuropathy, nerve injury, diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic disease, epilepsy, arrhythmia, myotonia, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, visceral pain, depression, erythromelalgia, paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD), and the like.
• PEPD paroxysmal extreme pain disorder
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be formulated in oral or parenteral dosage forms according to standard pharmaceutical standards. These formulations may contain, in addition to the active ingredient, additives such as a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, adjuvant or diluent.
• suitable carriers include, but are not limited to, physiological saline, polyethylene glycol, ethanol, vegetable oil and isopropyl myristate, and examples of suitable diluents include, but are not limited to, lactose, dextrose, sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, cellulose and/or glycine.
• the compounds of the present invention may be dissolved in oil, propylene glycol or other solvents, which are generally used in the preparation of injectable solutions. Further, the compounds of the present invention may be formulated into ointments or cream for topical application.
• the compounds of the present invention may be used in the form of pharmaceutically acceptable salts or solvates and may also be used alone or in appropriate association, as well as in combination with other pharmaceutically active compounds.
• the compounds of the present invention may be formulated into injections by dissolving, suspending or emulsifying water-soluble solvents such as saline or 5% dextrose, or in water-insoluble solvents such as vegetable oils, synthetic fatty acid glyceride, higher fatty acid esters or propylene glycol.
• the formulations of the present invention may include any of conventional additives such as dissolving agents, isotonic agents, suspending agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers and preservatives.
• the preferred dose of the compound of the present invention varies depending on the patient’s condition and weight, the severity of the disease, the form of drug, and the route and duration of administration and may be suitably selected by those skilled in the art. To achieve the desired effects, however, the compound of the present invention may be administered at a daily dose of 0.0001-100 mg/kg (weight), and preferably 0.001-100 mg/kg (weight). The compound of the present invention may be administered by an oral or parenteral route in a single dose in a single dose or multiple doses daily.
• composition of the present invention may contain the compound of the present invention in an amount of 0.001-99 wt%, and preferably 0.01-60 wt%, depending on the mode of administration.
• the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention may be administered to mammals, including rats, mice, humans, domestic animals and the like, by various routes. All routes of administration can be contemplated, and for example, the composition may be administered orally, intrarectally or by intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intrauterine, intrathecal or intracerebroventricular injection.
• the inventive compound represented by formula 1 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate or isomer thereof can be effectively used for the prevention or treatment of pain, for example, acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, post-surgery pain, migraine, arthralgia, neuropathy, nerve injury, diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic disease, epilepsy, arrhythmia, myotonia, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, visceral pain, depression, erythromelalgia, or paroxysmal extreme pain disorder (PEPD).
• pain for example, acute pain, chronic pain, neuropathic pain, post-surgery pain, migraine, arthralgia, neuropathy, nerve injury, diabetic neuropathy, neuropathic disease, epilepsy, arrhythmia, myotonia, ataxia, multiple sclerosis, irritable bowel syndrome, urinary incontinence, visceral pain, depression, erythromelalgia

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