EP2926075A1 - Échangeur de chaleur à plaques de type étanchéifié - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur à plaques de type étanchéifié

Info

Publication number
EP2926075A1
EP2926075A1 EP13796061.3A EP13796061A EP2926075A1 EP 2926075 A1 EP2926075 A1 EP 2926075A1 EP 13796061 A EP13796061 A EP 13796061A EP 2926075 A1 EP2926075 A1 EP 2926075A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
heat exchanger
plates
force
frame
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP13796061.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Marcus Franz
Christoph Koch
Werner SCHWARZBART
Robert Hauser
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of EP2926075A1 publication Critical patent/EP2926075A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D9/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary plate-like or laminated conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D9/0093—Multi-circuit heat-exchangers, e.g. integrating different heat exchange sections in the same unit or heat-exchangers for more than two fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/083—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning capable of being taken apart
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/02—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of carbon, e.g. graphite
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/04—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of ceramic; of concrete; of natural stone
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/08—Elements constructed for building-up into stacks, e.g. capable of being taken apart for cleaning
    • F28F3/10—Arrangements for sealing the margins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/005—Other auxiliary members within casings, e.g. internal filling means or sealing means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sealed plate heat exchanger having a frame body of two frame plates between which a plate stack of a plurality of heat exchange plates is arranged, means for supply and discharge of the space between the heat exchange plates flowing through heat exchanging fluids and means for applying force to the frame plates, via the a pressure on the plate stack can be exercised.
  • Plate heat exchangers contain a package of heat exchange plates between which the heat transfer takes place. These plates are usually provided with a profile or with flow channels and through holes for the media. Basically, so-called sealless and sealed types are distinguished in plate heat exchangers. In the sealless design, the gaps between the plates are sealed by a fixed connection of the plates, for example by welding or soldering or by the so-called fusion technique.
  • the sealed designs use gaskets, usually based on elastomers, to seal and separate the media spaces between the various plates.
  • gaskets usually based on elastomers, to seal and separate the media spaces between the various plates.
  • metals or metal alloys such as steel or in particularly corrosive media and ceramic materials such as graphite or silicon carbide or fiber reinforced ceramic materials can be used.
  • ceramic materials such as graphite or silicon carbide or fiber reinforced ceramic materials can be used.
  • Graphite-containing or ceramic board materials such as graphite or silicon carbide make special demands on the seal between the individual plates due to their high brittleness. Because of the brittleness of the graphitic or ceramic materials and the difficulty of bonding these materials together, such plate heat exchangers are typically manufactured in sealed versions.
  • Sealed plate heat exchangers also offer the advantage that a separation of the plates for disassembly, cleaning or replacement of individual plates is easier than with sealless versions.
  • the material used for the sealing material is generally a fluoropolymer, preferably based on
  • PTFE Polytetrafluoroethylene
  • graphite-based materials used.
  • PTFE has a high ductility and forms only a low seal strength due to the flow properties. Due to this very small thickness of the sealing material, ensuring a sufficiently high surface pressure on the seal is of crucial importance for reliable sealing in order to avoid leaks during operation.
  • the surface pressure is usually achieved by arranging the plate stack of the heat exchanger between two frame plates, between which the plates are clamped with sufficient force.
  • tie rods are often used in combination with coil springs, which are arranged at a certain distance from the edge of the heat exchange plates.
  • plate heat exchangers which are composed of at least three parallel, spaced plate elements made of a corrosion-resistant material and means for supplying and discharging the heat exchanging, the space between the plates flowing fluids, wherein the plate elements a bonded with a fluoropolymer graphite body are made.
  • a composite heat exchanger for use in chemical apparatus construction which consists of a metallic frame body and a plate stack of fiber reinforced or monolithic ceramic, wherein the stacked plates form at least two channel systems, which are separated by at least one plate in As many layers are arranged and on opposite sides of the plate stack by cover plates which receive inlet and outlet devices are limited.
  • the heat exchanger plates have in the flow area and the passage openings for the media enclosing areas rectangular grooves in which sealing systems are arranged.
  • the structural design of the pressure-bearing components of the commercially available sealed plate heat exchangers, especially with plates based on graphite or ceramic materials such as graphite, silicon carbide or fiber reinforced ceramic materials is only partially suitable for larger models, as at an increase in the construction, especially an increase in the plate width and / or plate length, increases the deflection of the frame plates in the critical for the sealing of the heat exchanger areas and thus can lead to leaks in the heat exchanger.
  • the present invention was therefore based on the object to provide sealed plate heat exchangers in which the above-described problems are avoided or at least reduced. According to the invention, this object has been achieved with sealed plate heat exchangers according to claim 1.
  • the sealed plate heat exchangers (1) have a frame body made of two frame plates (2), between which a plate plate Stack of a plurality of heat exchange plates (4) is arranged and means for supply and discharge (6) of the space between the heat exchange plates flowing through heat-exchanging fluids, means for introducing force (7) on the frame plates, via which a pressure on the plate stack (4 ) and means for sealing (8) between the heat exchange plates of the plate stack (4).
  • At least one means for introducing force (7) is arranged in the plate heat exchangers (1) according to the invention in such a way that the area centroid of the force application surface lies on a frame plate (3) within the area which is linear Projection of the surface of the plate stack (4) results on the corresponding frame plate (3).
  • the force is applied to the frame plates such that via connecting elements which connect the two frame plates outside the surface of the heat exchange plates together, a force is applied to the frame plates, and thus a pressure on the plate stack ofillonectomy- th is exercised.
  • the centroid of the surface of the force is outside the area that results in the linear projection of the surface of the plate stack on the corresponding frame plate.
  • the plate heat exchangers (1) according to the present invention are characterized in that at least one of the force introduction means (7) is arranged such that the centroid of the force application surface lies on a frame plate (3) within the area which is in the linear projection of the surface of the plate stack (4) on the corresponding frame plate (5) results.
  • the center of gravity of the surface for introducing force should be understood to be the geometric center of gravity of the corresponding surface, which mathematically corresponds to the averaging of all points in the surface.
  • the geometric center of gravity corresponds to the center of mass of a physical body, which consists of homogeneous material. This center of gravity can be obtained in symmetrical figures by appropriate geometric considerations, in asymmetrical surfaces by integration.
  • the center of gravity of an unexposed polygon can be calculated from the Cartesian coordinates of vertices; For regular polygons, the center of gravity is the center of its circumference.
  • the center of gravity is obtained, for example. from the intersection of the diagonal, in a triangle, the geometric center of gravity is the common point of intersection of the three bisectors. For circular surfaces, the geometric center of gravity is the center of the circle.
  • the expert can therefore with known form of the area of the force introduction the Determine the geometric center of gravity of the surface and at least one force introduction means designed so that the geometric center of gravity of the force-introducing surface is within the area that results in linear projection of the surface of the plate stack (4) on the corresponding frame plate (3).
  • the area of the plate stack should be understood to mean the area which is delimited by the main dimensions of the plate stack (4) or of the individual heat exchange plates.
  • This surface includes any existing notches, bores, etc. in the plate stack (4) or in individual heat exchange plates (5) and differs in this respect from the surface of the plate stack (4), by the outer contour of the plate stack (4) and the Heat exchange plates (5) is defined and does not include any existing indentations or recesses.
  • Plate heat exchangers (1) according to the invention have at least one means (as defined above) for transmitting forces (7); However, it is also possible and of the present invention comprises to make several means for introducing force (7) accordingly.
  • this one or these possibly several means for force introduction (7) is arranged so that the surface of the force introduction in the edge region of the surface of the plate stack of heat exchange plates (4), particularly preferably in the upper or lower region of the heat exchange plates ( 5), in which the means for supply and discharge (6) of the intermediate space between the heat exchange plates (5) flowing through heat-exchanging fluids are preferably arranged.
  • a good seal is essential because there the heat-exchanging fluid streams are introduced into the plates, the mixing or contact must be avoided.
  • means for introducing force (7) at other locations in such a way that the center of gravity of the area of the force introduction is arranged according to the invention.
  • Suitable means for introducing force into the plate heat exchanger (1) according to the present invention are known per se to the person skilled in the art and described in the literature, so that further details are unnecessary here. The skilled person will, according to the particular application, use a suitable means for introducing force (7).
  • the heat exchange plates (1) can be provided with recesses or grooves (9) in which a subelement of a force introduction means (7) arranged between the frame plates (3) is arranged. This is passed through a bore or recess in the frame plates (3) and termination elements are connected to the sub-element so that a force can be exerted on the frame plate (3). Since the sub-element between the frame plates (3) is disposed wholly or partly within the surface of the heat exchange plates of the plate stack (4), the centroid of the surface of the force application of the corresponding means will be within the area which, in linear projection of the surface of the plate stack ( 4) or the heat exchange plate (5) on the frame plate (3).
  • anchors Preferred means for introducing force (7) in such an embodiment are anchors. Under anchor is a means to understand, which can absorb tensile stresses. Anchors made of round metal rods are preferably used which extend between the frame plates (3) and at the end have means by means of which the two frame plates (3) can be connected via the armature defined force can be clamped. The exact structural design is selected depending on the particular application based on the expertise.
  • the centroid of the force application is within the area that results in linear projection of the surface of the plate stack (4) or the heat exchange plates (5) on the frame plate, is located between the two frame plates anchor preferably in a groove at the upper or lower end of the heat exchange plates (5), so that despite the inventive arrangement of the means for introducing force the exchange of individual heat exchange plates is still possible without having to completely disassemble the plate heat exchanger (1).
  • the armature can be guided in a groove both in a similar manner as in the heat exchange plates (5), or it can also be provided a corresponding bore in the frame plate (3).
  • the arranged between the frame plates (3) elements of at least one inventively arranged means for power line (7) are designed so that it completely outside the surface of the plate stack, possibly even outside lying by the frame plate (3) surface.
  • the force is applied to the frame plate (3) according to the invention designed so that the inventive requirement is met. This can be achieved, for example, by gripping the elements in the form of a bracket around the frame plate (3) and fastening them to the frame plate in such a way that the requirement according to the invention with regard to the centroid of the surface of the force introduction is fulfilled.
  • the person skilled in the corresponding constructive interpretations are known and he will design a suitable tool according to the specific situation.
  • This bracket can then with the frame plate (3) additionally introducing force, e.g. be connected in the middle, whereby the center of gravity of the surface of the force introduction also comes to rest as claimed by the invention.
  • particularly preferred embodiment of the present invention are on at least one of the frame plates (3) patched or firmly connected webs (10a) and / or ribs (10b).
  • These webs (10a) or ribs (10b) cause a further increase in stability and thus allow the application at even higher pressures.
  • They can be made of any material.
  • the webs (10a) and / or ribs (10b), analogous to the frame plates (3) made of metals or metal alloys such as steel but also plastic materials which are reinforced with fibers, in particular carbon fibers or glass or aramid fibers.
  • the center of gravity of the area of the introduction of force is at least one means for introducing force (7) within the area which in the linear projection of the surface of the plate stack (4) or the heat exchange plates (5) on the frame plate (3). results.
  • the shape of the area of introduction of force is not particularly limited per se, but is preferably substantially rectangular, elliptical, circular or in the form of a regular polygon. Again, the specialist To select and use according to the intended application under design specifications a suitable means.
  • the surface for introducing force of the means (7) has no overlap with the surface of the nearest means for supplying and discharging the fluid media (6).
  • through-openings (6a) are used, whose cross-section is subject to no particular restriction and which can be designed substantially circular, elliptical, rectangular or in the form of a polygon.
  • the shape of the supply and discharge means (6) is not critical to the desired effect of the better seal.
  • 1 shows a side view of a plate heat exchanger (1) according to the invention.
  • Fig. 2 - a view of the region of a heat exchange plate (5), in which the means for supply and discharge of the fluid media (6) and the course of the existing between the plates means for sealing (8) can be seen.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view of the front side of a frame plate (3) of a plate heat exchanger (1) with the arrangement of three means for force introduction tion (7) according to the prior art.
  • Fig. 4 - a corresponding view of a preferred variant of a plate heat exchanger (1) according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a plate heat exchanger (1) according to the invention with a frame body (2) consisting of two frame plates (3). Between the frame plates (3), a plate stack of heat exchange plates (4) is arranged. A means for introducing force (7) is also shown.
  • Figure 2 shows the contours of a heat exchange plate (5) of a plate stack (4) (not shown) with means for supply and discharge of fluid media (6) and a means for sealing (8). It can be seen that the means for sealing (8) the means for supply and discharge (6) sealingly separated from each other.
  • Figure 3 shows the contours of a frame plate (3) and a heat exchange plate (5) and two means for supply and discharge of fluid media (6) and three means for introducing force (7), which are symbolized by black circles. It can be seen that the center of gravity of the area of the introduction of force in all force introduction means is outside the area resulting from a linear projection of the surface of the heat exchange plate (5) onto the frame plate (3).
  • Figure 4 shows the contours of a frame plate (3) and a heat exchange plate (5), means for supplying and discharging fluid media (6) and a plurality of means for introducing force (7). It can be seen that a means for introducing force (7) (the middle in the upper row) is arranged so that the centroid of its area of force application is completely in the area which in linear projection of the surface of the heat exchange plate (5) or of the plate stack (4) (not shown) on the frame plate (3).
  • the material of the heat exchange plates (5) in the plate heat exchangers according to the invention can be selected by the person skilled in the art from the materials known for this purpose and described in the prior art.
  • Fig. 4 shows a disk width (B) and a disk length (L). The advantages of the construction according to the invention are particularly effective when the plates are constructed from a graphite body impregnated with a polymer, or a graphite body bound with a polymer, or from silicon carbide or a fiber composite ceramic.
  • Preferred graphite-based materials preferably contain at least 50, more preferably at least 55 weight percent graphite.
  • Suitable materials as graphite base in the form of polymer-bound graphite bodies are under the designation Diabon ® F, with polymers, particularly phenolic resins impregnated graphite body are commercially under the name NS Diabon ® each available from SGL Carbon. Because of their brittleness and material properties, it is advantageous or necessary for all these materials to design a plate heat exchanger based thereon in a sealed construction, and thus the advantages of the present invention are brought to bear.
  • the advantages of the aforementioned materials are their extremely high corrosion resistance and also temperature resistance, which is why plate heat exchangers can be advantageously used as corresponding materials, in particular when corrosive media or high temperatures are used.
  • the frame plates (3) of the plate heat exchangers (1) must absorb significant forces due to the tension with the means for introducing force (7) and are therefore designed constructively with a corresponding stability.
  • suitable material for frame plates of the frame body (2) are only representative metals or metal alloys such as steel but also plastic materials with fibers, especially carbon fibers or glass or aramid fibers are reinforced, called. It is essential in any case that the frame plates (3) can absorb the forces acting in such a way that the deflection does not exceed certain limits. In any case, it is essential to keep the maximum deflection, which is usually achieved in the middle of the frame plate (3), lower than the thickness of the sealing material used, otherwise leaks occur.
  • the materials used for sealing usually have a thickness of not more than 0.3 mm, preferably not more than 0.15 mm, the maximum deflection of the frame plates (3) should also below 0.3 mm, more preferably below 0 , 15 mm to ensure the tightness of the plate heat exchanger (1) safely.
  • all sealing materials can be used, which have the appropriate corrosion resistance for the intended use and ensure a permanent seal under operating conditions.
  • Preferred materials for the means for sealing (8) are in particular fluorine-based polymers or graphite-based materials.
  • Preferred fluoropolymers are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) or
  • PVDF Polyvinylidene fluoride
  • the seals used to realize a reliable seal between two heat exchange plates (5) can be designed according to a preferred embodiment as flat gaskets and used in circumferential, having a rectangular cross-section grooves.
  • the thickness of the gaskets is selected so that they protrude from the grooves and thus when tightening the heat exchange plate stack (5), the tightness is produced.
  • the means for sealing (8) as a so-called sealing cord which can be easily inserted between the heat exchange plates. is inserted and leads by the introduction of force to a secure seal.
  • the plate heat exchangers (1) according to the invention can be produced in larger plate widths (B) and / or plate lengths (L) than has hitherto been possible with corresponding products. Since with increasing plate width (B) and / or plate length (L), the deflection increases upon introduction of force through the corresponding means (7), have so far plate heat exchanger in sealed construction with heat exchange plates based on graphite,
  • Silicon carbide or other ceramic or fiber-reinforced materials are produced only in a limited size, which was due to the fact that the maximum deflection of the frame plates (3) was not allowed to exceed the above values. Although some improvement can be achieved in this respect by increasing the thickness of the frame plates (3) or increasing the rigidity of the materials, with the plate heat exchangers (1) according to the present invention, larger plate widths (B) can always be used for the same material used. and / or plate lengths (L) are realized, since the maximum deflection can be significantly reduced by the inventive arrangement of at least one means for introducing force (7).
  • the plate width (B) and / or plate length (L) can be increased by at least 20-30% without the expectation of a higher deflection than the prior art plate heat exchangers of the prior art.
  • a corresponding increase in the heat exchanger capacity can be realized.
  • Another advantage of the plate heat exchanger (1) according to the invention is the fact that the required plate size of the plate heat exchanger (1) for a desired heat exchange capacity can be significantly reduced by the larger plate width (B) and / or plate length (L), which in particular already existing installations whose capacity is to be increased is an advantage. In these constellations, there is often no way to increase the heat exchanger capacity a correspondingly larger footprint for To make available.
  • Insular therefore can be achieved with the plate heat exchangers (1) according to the present invention, heat exchangers capacities, based on the required footprint for installation of the corresponding heat exchanger, which are not achievable with the heat exchangers corresponding design according to the prior art.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur à plaques (1) comprenant corps d'encadrement (2) composé de deux plaques d'encadrement (3) entre lesquelles une pile (4) de plaques composée d'une pluralité de plaques (5) d'échange de chaleur est disposée, des moyens pour amener et évacuer (6) les fluides d'échange de chaleur circulant dans l'espace intermédiaire entre les plaques (5) d'échange de chaleur, des moyens d'application de force (7) sur les plaques d'encadrement (3) par l'intermédiaire desquels une pression peut être exercée sur la pile (4) de plaques et des moyens d'étanchéification (8) entre les plaques (5) d'échange de chaleur de la pile (4) de plaques. Le centre de gravité de la surface d'application de force sur la plaque d'encadrement (3) se situe à l'intérieur de la surface qui résulte d'une projection linéaire de la surface de la pile (4) de plaques sur la plaque d'encadrement (3).
EP13796061.3A 2012-11-30 2013-11-27 Échangeur de chaleur à plaques de type étanchéifié Withdrawn EP2926075A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012222019.4A DE102012222019A1 (de) 2012-11-30 2012-11-30 Plattenwärmeaustauscher in abgedichteter Bauweise
PCT/EP2013/074819 WO2014083036A1 (fr) 2012-11-30 2013-11-27 Échangeur de chaleur à plaques de type étanchéifié

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2926075A1 true EP2926075A1 (fr) 2015-10-07

Family

ID=49674301

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13796061.3A Withdrawn EP2926075A1 (fr) 2012-11-30 2013-11-27 Échangeur de chaleur à plaques de type étanchéifié

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US20150260461A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2926075A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2015535587A (fr)
CN (1) CN104813134A (fr)
BR (1) BR112015011992A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2889786C (fr)
DE (1) DE102012222019A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014083036A1 (fr)

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JP6911469B2 (ja) * 2017-03-31 2021-07-28 株式会社Ihi 熱処理装置
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CN108120327B (zh) * 2018-01-19 2023-12-05 佛山市科蓝环保科技股份有限公司 一种板式换热器

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JP2015535587A (ja) 2015-12-14
DE102012222019A1 (de) 2014-06-05
CA2889786A1 (fr) 2014-06-05
CN104813134A (zh) 2015-07-29
WO2014083036A1 (fr) 2014-06-05
CA2889786C (fr) 2017-10-31
US20150260461A1 (en) 2015-09-17

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