EP3018112B1 - Combustible de generateur de gaz a base de dinitramide d'ammonium (adn) et son procede de fabrication - Google Patents

Combustible de generateur de gaz a base de dinitramide d'ammonium (adn) et son procede de fabrication Download PDF

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EP3018112B1
EP3018112B1 EP15003111.0A EP15003111A EP3018112B1 EP 3018112 B1 EP3018112 B1 EP 3018112B1 EP 15003111 A EP15003111 A EP 15003111A EP 3018112 B1 EP3018112 B1 EP 3018112B1
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mass
adn
gas generator
fuel
ammonia
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EP3018112A1 (fr
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Uwe Schaller
Jürgen HÜRTTLEN
Horst Krause
Volker Weiser
Stefan Schlechtriem
Helmut Konrad Ciezki
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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Deutsches Zentrum fuer Luft und Raumfahrt eV
Fraunhofer Gesellschaft zur Foerderung der Angewandten Forschung eV
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D5/00—Generation of pressure gas, e.g. for blasting cartridges, starting cartridges, rockets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B47/00—Compositions in which the components are separately stored until the moment of burning or explosion, e.g. "Sprengel"-type explosives; Suspensions of solid component in a normally non-explosive liquid phase, including a thickened aqueous phase

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas generator fuel containing a monergolene fuel based on ammonium dinitramide (ADN) and at least one solvent, and a process for its preparation.
  • ADN ammonium dinitramide
  • Such gas generator fuels are used in liquid form, in particular for rocket and satellite propellants in aerospace, but also for military purposes, including military missiles and for torpedo fuels, for aircraft and submarine aircraft fuels, etc.
  • conventional monergol gas generator propellants such as those based on hydrogen peroxide or hydrazine
  • ammonium dinitramide has in particular a relatively good long-term stability (eg compared with hydrogen peroxide) and usefulness at relatively low temperatures below -20 ° C and a much lower health hazard (eg in comparison with hydrazine).
  • Liquid gas generator fuels based on ADN, water and fuel additives were developed as early as the end of the last century as a substitute for hydrazine-based fuels ( Per Sjöberg: "A stable liquid mono-propellant based on ADN", IMEM Arlington, USA, May 11-14, 2009 ).
  • the DE 600 03 428 T2 describes a gas generator propellant based on ADN with water and / or hydrogen peroxide as a solvent, the latter, however, has a low durability and water from an energetic point of view is an unnecessary ballast, which causes weight problems especially in an application of the fuel in space.
  • the WO 2012/166046 A1 describes another liquid gas generator fuel based on ADN, which with a total content of 55 wt .-% and 62 wt .-% dissolved in a solvent mixture of 4 wt .-% to 12 wt .-% ammonia and otherwise water and which may further contain up to 22% by mass of methanol.
  • WO 2012/166046 A1 proposed further solvents methanol in particular for applications of such gas generator fuel in aerospace to that extent is a disadvantage, as it necessarily requires an oxidizer, otherwise there is an incomplete implementation of the carbon contained herein, which in particular can result in the formation of carbon monoxide in the exhaust gas.
  • ADN has limited solubility in methanol (about 87 g of ADN in 100 g of methanol), which limits the maximum possible level of ADN in a corresponding fuel composition.
  • the gas generator fuel contains, on the one hand, a first component of the general formula XD, referred to as "oxidizer”, where "X” is any cation and may be formed, inter alia, by an ammonium cation, while “D” is a dinitramide anion, on the other hand a second component referred to as "fuel” and optionally a solvent as a third component.
  • oxidizer any component of the general formula XD
  • fuel referred to as "fuel”
  • fuel optionally a solvent as a third component.
  • the second component referred to as "fuel” may likewise be a solvent, wherein, inter alia, aqueous ammonia solutions are proposed.
  • ballast water content is also the disadvantage of a need to improve low temperature stability, which is especially for applications in the space sector, such as rocket and satellite fuel, of crucial importance to the already very limited available and To use energy to be entrained at startup to the lowest possible extent for preheating the fuel in order to prevent any crystallization of the fuel in the supply lines of the drive units.
  • the RU 2012 144 167 A describes a solid propellant propellant propellant fuel propellant and an oxidizer containing 44.61 mass% (+/- 10 mass%) beryllium borohydride, 35.75 mass% (+/- 10 % By mass) ADN and 19.63 mass% (+/- 5 mass%) of ammonia.
  • the added as an oxidizer beryllium-borohydride serves to increase the specific momentum of the Fuel and should improve the recoil of the hereby supplied rocket motor.
  • the US 5 714 714 A discloses a process for producing ADN by nitrating a compound having the chemical formula Z-NH 2 to form Z-NHNO 2 , then reacting the resulting compound Z-NHNO 2 with ammonia in anhydrous medium to form a salt having the chemical formula Z -NNO 2 - NH 4 + and then nitrating this salt and treating the reaction mixture with ammonia to obtain crystalline ADN and ammonium nitrate and to recover the starting compound Z-NH 2 .
  • the invention has the object of providing a liquid at room temperature gas generator fuel on the basis of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) of the type mentioned in that it has at least largely avoiding the aforementioned disadvantages improved low temperature resistance at an increased mass-specific performance. It is further directed to a method of making such gas generator fuel.
  • ADN ammonium dinitramide
  • the gas generator fuel according to the invention which is in the liquid phase up to a temperature in the range of at least -30 ° C, has a high mass-specific performance due to its high proportion of ADN, in particular to the Fig. 1 on the one hand, the mass-specific pulse "I sp (frz equilibrium 70: 1)" in [Ns / kg] (left ordinate), on the other hand, the volume-specific pulse "I sp vol (frz equilibrium 70: 1)” in [Ns / dm 3 ] (right ordinate) of a liquid gas generator fuel according to the invention, which consists exclusively of ammonium dinitramide (ADN) dissolved in ammonia, with different proportions of ADN between about 66 mass% and about 84 mass% on the one hand compared with the mass specific momentum of conventional hydrazine, on the other hand, as compared to the mass specific momentum of a known gas generator propellant with 63.0 mass% ADN, 18.4 mass% methanol, 4.6 mass% ammonia
  • the liquid gas generator fuel Due to the excellent solubility of ADN in ammonia and the possibly very small proportion of water, the liquid gas generator fuel, even at room temperature, has a low volatility and in particular outstanding low-temperature properties.
  • Fig. 2 which shows a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) graph to illustrate the low temperature behavior of one consisting exclusively of about 75 mass% ADN and about 25 mass% ammonia ( ⁇ 3 mass%) , Gas generator propellant according to the invention in the second heating in dependence of the supplied amount of heat "heat flow" in [W / g] shows.
  • the melting peak of such a gas generator fuel is about -31.4 ° C, while the extrapolated onset temperature is about -35.7 ° C.
  • the melting point of pure ADN is about + 95.2 ° C and the extrapolated onset temperature is about + 94.5 ° C.
  • the 3 and 4 it can be seen that pure ADN has a decomposition temperature (onset temperature) of about 143.9 ° C, while the gas generator fuel according to the invention has a decomposition temperature (onset temperature) of about 173.8 ° C.
  • the gas generator fuel according to the invention proves to be stable even with repeated cooling / heating between about -90 ° C and about + 100 ° C.
  • the gas generator fuel according to the invention depending on the selection of any additives (see below) substantially free of carcinogenic ingredients and in particular also be substantially free of carbon, so that when it burns no toxic carbon monoxide or hydrogen cyanide can be formed , The same applies to a formation of solid burn-off products, as they can arise in the prior art.
  • the gas generator fuel according to the invention depending on the selection of any additives and in particular in additives free form offers the opportunity to abandon the existing primarily nitrogen, hydrogen and water combustion products of a hydrogen fuel cell as fuel, so that the gas generator fuel can additionally be used as a hydrogen generator, which does not require separation of any carbon monoxide or dioxide.
  • the ratio according to the invention of at least 65% by mass of ADN to the mixture of ADN and all solvents present (ie in particular ammonia, including the optionally present, maximum 5% proportion of water and optionally additional solvent present) corresponding to a mass ratio of at least about 1.85: 1 of ADN to solvent.
  • the inventive method for producing the liquid gas generator fuel which is a dissolution of ADN in liquid ammonia, a condensation of ammonia on the ADN, such as a condensation of gaseous ammonia at about -30 ° C to solid ADN under atmospheric pressure, and / or a concentration of an ammoniacal
  • ADN solution allows a very simple and inexpensive preparation of the same, and it is of course also possible for economic reasons to synthesize the ADN in such a known manner from guanyl urea dinitramide (GUDN, FOX 12).
  • the gas generator fuel contains at most about 4% by weight of water, in particular at most about 3% by mass of water, preferably at most about 2% by mass.
  • % Water in each case based on the mixture of ADN and solvent, wherein it most preferably contains at most about 1 wt .-% water and in particular may be substantially free of water.
  • the gas generator fuel is substantially free of carbonaceous solvents, in particular at least 15% by mass, preferably at least 20% by mass, most preferably at least 20% by mass. %, in each case based on the mixture of ADN and solvent, of ammonia and preferably contains substantially exclusively ammonia as the solvent and any further solvents, for example in an amount of at most about 5 mass%, preferably at most about 4 mass%, in particular at most about 3 mass%, most preferably at most about 2 mass%, and most preferably at most about 1 mass .-% or in particular to 0 Mass .-%, are present.
  • the gas generator fuel contains at least about 70% by mass, in particular at least about 75% by mass, of ADN, for example between about 75% by mass. % and about 80 to about 85% by mass of ADN, based in each case on the mixture of ADN and solvent.
  • the ADN is dissolved in a proportion of at least 70% by weight, in particular of at least 75% by weight, preferably largely pure and anhydrous, ammonia, or is preferably substantially pure and anhydrous - ammonia is condensed with a corresponding proportion of the ADN or "pressed" is.
  • preferred levels of ADN for such applications may be on the order of at least about 65 mass% to about 78 mass% or preferably to about 77 mass%, more preferably at least about 70 mass% to about 78 mass % or preferably to about 77 mass%, most preferably between at least about 75 mass% to about 78 mass% or preferably to about 77 mass%.
  • gas generator propellant according to the invention may in principle be in the liquid phase, according to an advantageous development it can also be provided that it is present as a gelatinous propellant and contains at least one gelling agent, which is expediently contained in a proportion of about 0.1 mass % to about 10% by mass, in particular from about 0.5% by mass to about 10% by mass, in each case based on the total mixture (ie on the total mixture of ADN, solvent, gelling agent and optionally present additives ( see also below)), may be present.
  • gelling agent which is expediently contained in a proportion of about 0.1 mass % to about 10% by mass, in particular from about 0.5% by mass to about 10% by mass, in each case based on the total mixture (ie on the total mixture of ADN, solvent, gelling agent and optionally present additives ( see also below)
  • Suitable gelling agents include carbon nanotubes including functionalized carbon nanotubes, in particular having functional groups from the group of amino groups, alkylamino groups and other functional groups having a base strength greater than ammonia, and / or doped carbon nanotubes, in particular nitrogen-doped carbon nanotubes, such as CN 2 nanotubes.
  • the carbon nanotubes can be used as single-walled, double-walled or multi-walled nanotubes and / or in the form of modified side-group carbon nanotubes.
  • n is a number between 0 and 6 and R 1 , R 2 are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen (-H), alkyl groups having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, allyl, vinyl, hydroxyalkyl, ether, cyanoalkyl, azidoalkyl and Nitromethyl groups are selected.
  • advantageous gelling agents include powdered metals, semimetals, metal oxides and / or semi-metal oxides, in particular based on silicon, such as, for example, available under the trade name "Aerosil” ( Evonik Industries ) fumed silica.
  • the particle size of such powdered metals or metal oxides is preferably between about 1 nm and about 10 ⁇ m, in particular between about 1 nm and about 1 ⁇ m.
  • advantageous gel formers include OH-functionalized, in particular alcoholic gelling agents, in particular based on energetic di- and / or triols, such as glycidyl azide polymer diols (GAP diols), as well as polymeric gelling agents, especially with nitrogen-containing functional groups, such as isocyanate and / or urea-based, including triazine polymers and polymeric urea urethanes.
  • suitable urea-urethane are eg from the DE 199 19 482 A1 such as DE 102 41 853 A1 known.
  • urea-urethane which by reacting mono-, di- and / or polyalcohols, especially of energetic monoalcohols and / or diols, such as nitro alcohols, GAP-diols or the like, with diisocyanates and subsequent reaction with mono - And / or diamines or mono- and / or dinitramines including mixtures thereof have been obtained with ionic liquids (IL), in particular with energetic ionic liquids (EIL), as a solvent.
  • IL ionic liquids
  • EIL energetic ionic liquids
  • the gas generator fuel is gelled with the addition of a suitable gelling agent or gelling agent, in particular of the aforementioned type, wherein the gelling agent should expediently be dispersed as finely as possible into the mixture of ADN and solvent, for example by means of ultrasound and / or entry of shear forces, eg using appropriate homogenizers, Scheibenrlochern (dissolvers) and the like.
  • ionic liquids with dinitramide anions prove to be particularly preferred additives for melting point reduction, whereby suitable cations of such ionic liquids can be obtained for example by N-quaternization of corresponding nitrogen compounds. This can be done, for example, by protonation and / or alkylation of the aforementioned nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds to produce a cation therefrom.
  • Particularly advantageous ionic liquids are, for example, 1,4,5-trimethyltetrazolium dinitramide, 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4,5-dimethyltetrazolium dinitramide, 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -4-methyl-5-aminotetrazolium dinitramide and 1- (2-hydroxyethyl) -3-methyl-1,2,3-triazolium dinitramide, including isomeric mixtures of the foregoing ionic liquids, diamino urea dinitramide, oxalhydrazine dinitramide, 2-hydroxyethyl hydrazinium dinitramide, 2-hydroxydiethylammonium dinitramide, 2
  • EIL energetic ionic liquids
  • ethylammonium dinitramide with an oxygen balance of -42.1%.
  • protic ionic liquids based on a more basic amine than the solvent for The ADN used ammonia moreover, also offers the possibility of adding the corresponding free amine directly to the gas generator fuel mixture and to generate the respective (energetic) ionic liquid in this way in situ:
  • HEHDN 2-hydroxyethylhydrazinium dinitramide
  • a monergous gas generator propellant of about 75% by weight of ADN and about 23% by weight of ammonia ( ⁇ 3% by weight) according to Fig. 2 causes, for example, a reduction in its melting or freezing point by 5 ° C from about -31 ° C to about -36 ° C.
  • ionic liquids or salts with anions other than dinitramide to lower the melting point is possible in principle, in particular oxygen-rich anions are in view of the oxygen balance of advantage, which have a high solubility in the novel ammonia used as a solvent, such as Anions from the group of nitrates, perchlorates, formates and azolates, in particular with nitro and / or nitramine substituents, such as 3,5-dinitro-1,2,4-triazolate, 5-nitro-1,2,3, 4-tetrazolate, 3,4,5-trinitropyrazolate, 5,5'-dinitramine-3,3'-bis (1,2,4-triazole), 1,2,4-triazolate including their N-oxide derivatives and like.
  • Other examples of advantageous heterocyclic anions of suitable ionic liquids or salts include Embodiments of monergolic gas generator propellants according to the present invention having various proportions of ammonium dinitramide are shown below.
  • the burnup temperature is 2377 ° K at a combustion chamber pressure of 70 bar (expansion against ambient pressure); the exhaust gas composition is about 44 mass% water (H 2 O), about 54 mass% nitrogen (N 2 ) and about 2 mass% hydrogen (H 2 ).
  • the exhaust gas composition may be fed directly to a hydrogen fuel cell as a fuel.
  • the burnup temperature is 1985 ° K at a combustion chamber pressure of 70 bar (expansion against ambient pressure); the exhaust gas composition is about 40 mass% water (H 2 O), about 56 mass% nitrogen (N 2 ) and about 4 mass% hydrogen (H 2 ).
  • the exhaust gas composition may also be fed directly to a hydrogen fuel cell as a fuel.
  • Example 5 (not according to the invention):

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Claims (15)

  1. Combustible de générateur de gaz sous forme liquide ou gélifiée, composé de :
    - un combustible de monergol à base de dinitramide d'ammonium (ADN) ;
    - au moins un solvant, au moins un solvant étant formé à base d'ammoniac (NH3) ;
    le combustible de générateur de gaz contenant au moins 65 % en masse d'ADN et tout au plus 5 % en masse d'eau, respectivement par rapport au mélange d'ADN et de solvant ; et
    - le cas échéant au moins un agent gélifiant avec une fraction pouvant atteindre 10 % en masse, par rapport au mélange total ; et
    - le cas échéant au moins un additif d'amélioration de ses propriétés à basse température.
  2. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient tout au plus 4 % en masse d'eau, notamment tout au plus 3 % en masse d'eau, de préférence tout au plus 2 % en masse d'eau, respectivement par rapport au mélange d'ADN et de solvant.
  3. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pour l'essentiel exempt de solvant carboné.
  4. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient pour l'essentiel uniquement l'ammoniac comme solvant.
  5. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient au moins 70 % en masse, notamment au moins 75 % en masse, d'ADN, respectivement par rapport au mélange d'ADN et de solvant.
  6. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le combustible est présent sous forme de gel et que l'au moins un agent gélifiant est sélectionné dans le groupe comprenant :
    - les nanotubes de carbone y compris les nanotubes de carbone dopés et/ou fonctionnalisés ;
    - les métaux, les semi-métaux, les oxydes métalliques et/ou les semi-oxydes métalliques sous forme de poudre, notamment à base de silicium ;
    - les agents gélifiants fonctionnalisés OH, notamment à base de diols et de triols énergétiques tels que les diols de polymère d'azoture de glycidyle (diols GAP) ;
    - les agents gélifiants polymères, notamment les groupes fonctionnels contenant de l'azote, par exemple à base d'isocyanate et/ou d'urée, y compris les polymères de triazine et les urée-uréthanes polymères ; et
    - les solutions d'urée-uréthanes obtenues par transformation de mono, di et/ou polyalcools, notamment de monoalcools et/ou de diols énergétiques, avec des diisocyanates et la réaction ultérieure avec les mono et diamines et/ou les mono et/ou dinitramines y compris des mélanges de ceux-ci, avec des liquides ioniques (IL), notamment avec des liquides ioniques énergétiques (EIL) comme solvant.
  7. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient comme agent gélifiant :
    - des nanotubes de carbone fonctionnalisés avec des groupes fonctionnalisés appartenant au groupe des groupes aminés, des groupes aminés alkyl et d'autres groupes fonctionnels avec une force basique supérieure à l'ammoniac ; et/ou
    - des nanotubes de carbone dopés à l'azote.
  8. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'au moins un additif d'amélioration de ses propriétés à basse température est sélectionné dans le groupe constitué par :
    - les diamino-urées ;
    - les oxalhydrazines ;
    - les acétamides ;
    - les sels d'urée N-guanyl ;
    - les hydrazodicarbonamides ;
    - les aminés, notamment avec une force basique supérieure à l'ammoniac ;
    - les hétérocycles azotés, notamment dans le groupe des pyrazoles, imidazoles, triazoles, tétrazines et oxadiazoles, avec au moins une des formules structurale suivante :
    Figure imgb0010
    Figure imgb0011
     où R, R1, R2, R3, R4 est sélectionné dans le groupe des radicaux alkyl avec un à six atomes de carbone, les groupes allyl-, vinyl-, hydroxyalkyl-, éther-, cyanoalkyl-, azidoalkyl-, nitrométhyl-, amino-, aminoalkyl et l'hydrogène, y compris la pyridine, le pyrrol et leurs dérivés,
    - les liquides ioniques (IL), notamment avec un anion de dinitramide.
  9. Combustible de générateur de gaz selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que les fractions des additifs d'amélioration de ses propriétés à basse température se situent entre 0,05 % en masse et 10 % en masse, notamment entre 0,1 % en masse et 5 % en masse, respectivement par rapport au mélange total.
  10. Procédé de fabrication d'un combustible de générateur de gaz sous forme liquide ou gélifiée, composé de :
    - un combustible de monergol à base de dinitramide d'ammonium (ADN) ;
    - au moins un solvant, au moins un solvant étant formé à base d'ammoniac (NH3) ;
    - le cas échéant au moins un agent gélifiant ; et
    - le cas échéant au moins un additif d'amélioration de ses propriétés à basse température ,
    selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, le procédé comprenant au moins une étape de procédé appartenant au groupe suivant :
    - dissolution d'ADN dans l'ammoniac avec une fraction d'ADN d'au moins 65 % en masse d'ADN ;
    - condensation de l'ammoniac sur l'ADN avec une fraction d'ADN d'au moins 65 % en masse ; et
    - concentration d'un mélange d'ADN et d'ammoniac pour atteindre une fraction d'ADN d'au moins 65 % en masse,
    respectivement par rapport au mélange d'ADN et d'ammoniac ; et
    - le combustible de générateur de gaz étant le cas échéant gélifié en y ajoutant l'au moins un agent gélifiant avec une fraction pouvant atteindre 10 % en masse, par rapport au mélange total ; et
    - l'au moins un additif d'amélioration de ses propriétés à basse température étant ajouté le cas échéant au combustible de générateur de gaz.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que :
    - l'ADN est dissous dans de l'ammoniac pour l'essentiel anhydre ; et/ou
    - l'ammoniac pour l'essentiel anhydre est condensé sur l'ADN ; et/ou
    - un mélange d'ADN et d'ammoniac pour l'essentiel anhydre est concentré.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'ADN est utilisé avec une fraction d'au moins 70 % en masse, notamment d'au moins 75 % en masse, par rapport au mélange d'ADN et d'ammoniac.
  13. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le combustible de générateur de gaz est gélifié en utilisant au moins un agent gélifiant selon la revendication 6 ou 7.
  14. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 13, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un additif d'amélioration de ses propriétés à basse température selon la revendication 8 est ajouté au combustible de générateur de gaz.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce que des fractions d'additifs d'amélioration de ses propriétés à basse température selon la revendication 8 sont ajoutées au combustible de générateur de gaz entre 0,05 % en masse et 10 % en masse, notamment entre 0,1 % en masse et 5 % en masse, respectivement par rapport au mélange total.
EP15003111.0A 2014-11-06 2015-10-30 Combustible de generateur de gaz a base de dinitramide d'ammonium (adn) et son procede de fabrication Active EP3018112B1 (fr)

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CN116947576B (zh) * 2022-04-20 2024-09-20 北京理工大学 一种多面体低聚硅倍半氧烷包覆二硝酰胺铵的简易制备方法
CN117229110B (zh) * 2023-08-24 2025-05-13 西安近代化学研究所 一种基于含能负燃速催化剂提升炸药慢烤耐热性能的方法
FR3165014A1 (fr) * 2024-07-29 2026-01-30 Totalenergies Onetech Composition de carburant ou de combustible comprenant de l’ammoniac et au moins un sel de dinitroamine

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