EP3027335A1 - Dispositif permettant de façonner des métaux - Google Patents

Dispositif permettant de façonner des métaux

Info

Publication number
EP3027335A1
EP3027335A1 EP14742505.2A EP14742505A EP3027335A1 EP 3027335 A1 EP3027335 A1 EP 3027335A1 EP 14742505 A EP14742505 A EP 14742505A EP 3027335 A1 EP3027335 A1 EP 3027335A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
die
workpiece
punch
cutting
holder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP14742505.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3027335B1 (fr
Inventor
Michael Wolf
Matthias MIHM
Alexander Müller
Ottmar Lehr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Allgaier Werke GmbH and Co KG
Priority to RS20170738A priority Critical patent/RS56311B1/sr
Priority to PL14742505T priority patent/PL3027335T3/pl
Publication of EP3027335A1 publication Critical patent/EP3027335A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3027335B1 publication Critical patent/EP3027335B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D19/00—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes
    • B21D19/08—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D19/00—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes
    • B21D19/08—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws
    • B21D19/088—Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws for flanging holes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/04—Stamping using rigid devices or tools for dimpling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D26/00—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces
    • B21D26/02—Shaping without cutting otherwise than using rigid devices or tools or yieldable or resilient pads, i.e. applying fluid pressure or magnetic forces by applying fluid pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D31/00—Other methods for working sheet metal, metal tubes, metal profiles
    • B21D31/005—Incremental shaping or bending, e.g. stepwise moving a shaping tool along the surface of the workpiece
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D41/00—Application of procedures in order to alter the diameter of tube ends
    • B21D41/04—Reducing; Closing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/008—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves combined with heating or cooling of the bends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B21D5/04—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves on brakes making use of clamping means on one side of the work

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for forming metals, in particular the molding of parts, such as the shaping of a collar.
  • An important area is the molding of a collar on a workpiece made of steel, for example a sheet steel plate made of the material of the plate. See, for example, DE 10 2006 029 124 B4 and DE 1 916 826.
  • the workpiece is placed on a die.
  • the die has a bore adjacent to the workpiece.
  • a sharpened punch a hole is pressed into the workpiece, thereby pulling material out of the sheet plane and into the hole in the die.
  • This principle is used particularly in the automotive industry. In the described forming process, it comes within the forming zone to stresses the workpiece. So when putting the collar in the
  • Sheet edge essentially tensile stresses effectively.
  • the achievable collar height is limited. The smaller the ratio of collar diameter to collar height, the higher the risk of tearing of the material in the collar region.
  • Forming zone of the workpiece - for example, the metal plate - apply.
  • this has the disadvantage that the stamp loses its strength due to its heating and thus has only a short service life.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a device for molding a collar to a workpiece made of sheet metal, especially to a metal plate or the like, which although the forming process improved and the risk of tearing of the collar is reduced, but at the same time retain the strength of the tools involved.
  • the inventors have recognized that they must search for a solution in which, although the forming area of the workpiece is heated, but not the tool, in particular the stamp. It was therefore necessary to search for a system based on the principle of "hot workpiece, cold tool".
  • Sheet metal component located to the die or another below the
  • the punch is used as the upper component, and the lower component forms the die.
  • the punch and the die must be made of a high-strength, but at the same time highly electrically conductive material.
  • the stamp is preferably made of a material that not only conducts the current well, but also has a high strength, even when heated.
  • the stamp may be constructed of two materials, namely a material which is electrically conductive and which does not have to have high strength, and a second material which is less electrically conductive but high strength.
  • the electrically highly conductive material may, for example, form the core of the stamp, and the other, high-strength material, the jacket.
  • a can be placed on the metal plate, surrounding the stamp sleeve of good electrical conductivity material; the sleeve serves as a hold-down.
  • the lower member is a counter-holder, inserted in the bore of the die, of a material that conducts electrical current well.
  • the second alternative is particularly advantageous. In this case, there is no heating of the stamp instead, because the current is not passed through the stamp, but by said hold-down and the anvil.
  • the invention solves this problem in an outstanding way:
  • Forming area thus focused on a narrow area.
  • the tool on the other hand, remains essentially cold.
  • It can also be blanks or moldings made of high-strength, thin sheet metal, because due to the invention, the risk of tearing when
  • Forming (pulling) of collar is reduced. This saves weight, but also costs.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a first variant of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another variant of FIG. 2.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the embodiment of Figure 4 after forming the
  • Figure 6 illustrates the shearing off of a sheet metal plate as another
  • Figure 7 illustrates the folding of a metal plate as another
  • Figure 8 illustrates a buckling of a metal plate as another
  • FIG. 9 illustrates a modified embodiment of FIG. 8.
  • Figure 10 shows an apparatus for cutting relatively large holes in a
  • Figure 1 1 shows a device for cutting relatively small holes in a
  • FIG. 12 shows an apparatus for making open cuts.
  • FIG. 13 shows a device for forming a workpiece. From Figure 1 can be seen in detail the following:
  • the device shown comprises a punch 1 and a die 2. This further comprises a conductive electric heater with a power source 3. Stamp 1 is surrounded by a sleeve-shaped hold-5. Between these two, a heat-insulating coating or a heat-insulating sleeve 7 is provided.
  • a metal plate 4 made of high-strength steel is placed on the die 2.
  • Stamp 1 is made of high-strength material. Stamp 1 has a tip 1 .1. This penetrates into a bore 4.1 in the metal plate 4. The hole can be before the Forming already be introduced into the metal plate 4. However, the metal plate 4 can also have no bore, so that the punch 1 creates the hole when pressed into the metal plate 4 only. The stamp 1 can also be blunt. Also, the shape of the front end of the punch can be adapted to the requirements of the forming process.
  • Die 2 is made of electrically highly conductive material, such as copper.
  • stamp 1 is essentially made of hard, high-strength steel. However, it is traversed by electrical conductors, which extend from the upper end of the punch 1 to the tip portion and are arranged so that they come in the forming process with the metal plate 4 in the conductive contact. As a result, the main part of the stamp is not or hardly heated, and thus maintains its strength.
  • the said electrical conductors can be arranged such that they are exposed at several points of the lateral surface of the punch, so that even with a downward movement of the punch 1 always a conductive connection to the metal plate 4 prevails, and thus a current flow.
  • the electrical conductors may be electrically isolated from the stamp 1.
  • FIG. 2 the mentioned components of FIG. 1 are again present, namely punch 1 with punch tip 1 .1, die 2 with die bore 2.1, an electrical heating device 3. Again, the metal plate 4 with bore 4.1 can be seen. Generally, a hole does not have to be provided. Again, a sleeve-shaped hold-down 5 is provided. This one has three functions. On the one hand, it serves as a hold-down, on the other hand as a current conductor, and finally as a scraper. Another difference from the embodiment according to FIG. 1 is an anvil 6.
  • Counterholder 6 is displaceable in the vertical direction, with or without die 2.
  • the flow of current passes through the hold-down device 5 through the metal plate 4 and through the counter-holder 6.
  • the punch 1 is completely free of current flow and is therefore not actively heated. It may therefore be a tool steel of conventional quality, or a heat-working steel.
  • the hold-down 5 does not need to have great strength. It can be made of copper. In any case, it should consist of a material with good electrical conductivity.
  • the material of the die 2 is irrelevant in this case. It can be any material - steel or copper, better but a little heat-conducting material, so that the heat generated by the stream is limited to the actual forming area.
  • stamp 1, die 2, sheet metal plate 3 are visible.
  • the illustration and effect of an electrical heating device are omitted here. Nevertheless, such is available.
  • the relevant component is an insulating coating 7. This may be a sleeve or a covering.
  • the forming process is as follows: The metal plate 4 is initially on the die 2. Downholder 5 moves down and sits on the metal plate 4, so that a current flow is activated and the
  • Forming zone is heated.
  • the punch then moves further down, and the hold-down 5 springs. Shortly before touching the stamp on the metal plate 4, the power is turned off, and the counter-holder 6 away. The collar is put through.
  • stamp 1 is equipped with a rotary drive, not shown here.
  • stamp 1 and therefore thread former 1 .2 are put into circulation.
  • the resulting collar (not shown) formed a thread through which a screw can be passed.
  • the collar 4.2 is seen - in one piece with the rest of the metal plate 4.
  • the embodiment according to FIG. 6 involves the shearing off of a metal plate 4.
  • the tool used is a cutting punch 10 on one side of the metal plate 4 and a cutting die 11 on the other side of the metal plate 4.
  • the cutting of the cutting punch 10 and the cutting die 1 1 are opposite to each other.
  • An electric heater not shown here, is provided which generates a current flow from one to the other copper rail.
  • the flow of current in turn passes through the center of the forming zone 14.
  • FIG. recognizes a sheet metal holder 15 and a die 2. These two are opposite each other and clamp the metal plate 4 between them. They can also be offset against each other. Furthermore, a stamp 1 and a counter-holder 6 work together. The beveled edge region of the metal plate 4 is located between two electrical contacts 16, 17. Contact 16 is insulated by insulating the material 7 against punch 1, at least with respect to a heat transfer, but also with respect to an electrical current flow. The same can be provided between contact 17 and counter-holder. 6
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 involves the production of a bulge in a metal plate 4.
  • the metal plate has that shape, which is predetermined by the contour of die 2 and plate holder 15.
  • a punch 1, a die 2 and a sheet metal holder 15 can again be seen. Between these, a sheet metal plate 4 has already been deformed.
  • the device shown in Figure 10 is used for cutting relatively large holes or slots. You can see the workpiece in the form of a sheet 4. On the upper side of the sheet is a plunger 100. With this is a
  • Copper block 24 firmly connected. Between plunger 100 and copper block 24 springs 25 are connected. The cutting die 26 is enclosed by a copper ring 27. Between cutting die 26 and copper insert 27 is expediently again insulation - not shown here.
  • a cutting die 26 On the opposite side of the sheet is a cutting die 26. This is surrounded by a counter-holder 6, for example, a gray cast iron body. In addition to a ceramic ring 28 is a cutting die 26, also a
  • Counter-holder 6 made of gray cast iron and a copper insert 27 which is inserted into the anvil 6.
  • the device can serve to cut a hole or a slot. If it is a hole, then both the cutting punch 1 and the cutting die 26 are annular, as is the copper insert 27th
  • Copper electrodes 28 are connected springs 25.
  • a cutting die 26 On the lower side of the sheet is a cutting die 26, which is designed so that punch 1 can enter into the bore.
  • the cutting die 26 is enclosed by a ceramic ring 30. Ceramic ring 30 is embedded in a counter-holder 6, for example, again from gray cast iron.
  • the sheet is in the state shown on the cutting die 26, the copper ring 30 and on the anvil 6.
  • the spring-loaded copper electrodes 28 are pressed against the sheet 4, and a voltage is applied so that current flows from one electrode to the other.
  • the ceramic ring surrounding the cutting die 26 prevents a flow of current through the cutting die 26 or the surrounding cast body 6.
  • the sheet 4 is heated locally. If the plunger 100 continues to move downwards, the metal sheet 4 is further heated. Shortly before the cutting punch 1 touches the sheet 4, the power is turned off, and then the sheet 4 is cut.
  • a hold-down 5 Above the sheet is a hold-down 5, and below a cutting die 26. Right next to it above the sheet 4, a cutting blade 31, further an electrode 28. Below the sheet there is a counter-holder. 6
  • Sheet 4 is clamped between cutting die 26 and hold-down 5.
  • Downholder 5 consists of electrically good conductive material. In this case, sheet 4 is also still on the anvil 6.
  • Electrode 28 is connected to plunger 100 by a spring 29.
  • the cutting die 26 rests on a press table 101.
  • Counterholder 6 is connected to the press table 101 by a spring 25.
  • the spring-loaded electrode 28 comes into contact with the metal sheet 4.
  • the necessary counterforce is applied by the counter-holder 6.
  • power is turned on and flows from electrode 28 to the counter-holder 6.
  • the cutting zone of the sheet 4 is heated.
  • the electrode 28 resiliently abuts sheet 4.
  • the power is turned off. The sheet is cut and the likewise sprung counter-holder 6 is displaced by the cutting blade 31.
  • a forming of a metal sheet 4 is concerned. Above the metal sheet there is a die 2, and below a stamp 1. Similar to the embodiment according to FIG. 8, again two electrodes are provided, namely a positive electrode 19 and a negative electrode 20.
  • sheet 4 rests on the electrodes 19, 20.
  • sheet 4 is clamped between die 2 and punch 1.
  • a current flow is activated; the current flows from one electrode to the other.
  • the forming zone is heated and the power is switched off again.
  • the ceramic inserts 33, 34 prevent the flow from flowing through the die 2.
  • direct current or low frequency alternating current can be used for heating.
  • individual elements of the device can be interchanged with each other, such as punch and die.
  • the working direction of the punch may differ from the vertical.
  • the essence of the invention is that exclusively or predominantly the workpiece is heated.
  • the tool is not heated, or only to a small extent, so that strength is only slightly reduced.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif destiné à usiner une pièce, comprenant les caractéristiques suivantes : - un poinçon sur l'une des faces de la pièce - une matrice sur la face opposée de la pièce ; - un chauffage électrique par conductivité permettant de produire un courant électrique circulant à travers la pièce, d'un élément situé sur l'une des faces de la pièce à l'extérieur du poinçon à un élément situé sur l'autre face de la pièce à l'extérieur de la matrice.
EP14742505.2A 2013-07-31 2014-07-23 Dispositif permettant de façonner des métaux Active EP3027335B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
RS20170738A RS56311B1 (sr) 2013-07-31 2014-07-23 Sistem za deformaciju metala
PL14742505T PL3027335T3 (pl) 2013-07-31 2014-07-23 Urządzenie do obróbki plastycznej metali

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013012684.3A DE102013012684A1 (de) 2013-07-31 2013-07-31 Vorrichtung zum Umformen von Metallen
PCT/EP2014/065822 WO2015014689A1 (fr) 2013-07-31 2014-07-23 Dispositif permettant de façonner des métaux

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3027335A1 true EP3027335A1 (fr) 2016-06-08
EP3027335B1 EP3027335B1 (fr) 2017-06-28

Family

ID=51224934

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14742505.2A Active EP3027335B1 (fr) 2013-07-31 2014-07-23 Dispositif permettant de façonner des métaux

Country Status (16)

Country Link
US (1) US9687899B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3027335B1 (fr)
JP (2) JP6435330B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20160040532A (fr)
CN (1) CN105636716B (fr)
BR (1) BR112016002270A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2920161A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013012684A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2635558T3 (fr)
MX (1) MX369484B (fr)
PL (1) PL3027335T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3027335T (fr)
RS (1) RS56311B1 (fr)
RU (1) RU2675330C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015014689A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201600019B (fr)

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DE102018111922B4 (de) * 2018-02-01 2025-02-13 Grammer Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Umformung und Wärmebehandlung von Tragstangen
EP3685933B1 (fr) 2019-01-25 2021-09-08 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Procédé de traitement de plaque d'acier
JP7052743B2 (ja) * 2019-01-25 2022-04-12 トヨタ自動車株式会社 鋼板の成形加工方法および打ち抜き加工機
JP7207283B2 (ja) * 2019-01-25 2023-01-18 トヨタ自動車株式会社 鋼板の成形加工方法
CN109909395B (zh) * 2019-03-13 2020-02-21 大连理工大学 一种基于电流自阻加热的椭球气压成形方法
PL245719B1 (pl) * 2021-02-15 2024-09-30 Kuznia Matrycowa Spolka Z Ograniczona Odpowiedzialnoscia Sposób obróbki mechanicznej odkuwek, zwłaszcza zaczepów kulowych i urządzenie do pozycjonowania i korekcji położenia obrabianych odkuwek, zwłaszcza zaczepów kulowych
CN116921603B (zh) * 2023-06-28 2024-04-05 珠海聚能精密工业有限公司 一种厚度可控的精密机械加工用冷镦整形装置

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RU2016106707A (ru) 2017-09-01
RS56311B1 (sr) 2017-12-29
CN105636716B (zh) 2017-12-08
CN105636716A (zh) 2016-06-01
RU2016106707A3 (fr) 2018-06-26
US20160144416A1 (en) 2016-05-26
PL3027335T3 (pl) 2017-12-29
ES2635558T3 (es) 2017-10-04
JP2016525453A (ja) 2016-08-25
WO2015014689A1 (fr) 2015-02-05
JP6435330B2 (ja) 2018-12-05
RU2675330C2 (ru) 2018-12-18
JP2018158385A (ja) 2018-10-11
MX369484B (es) 2019-11-11
PT3027335T (pt) 2017-08-04
BR112016002270A2 (pt) 2017-08-01
EP3027335B1 (fr) 2017-06-28
MX2016000694A (es) 2016-04-13
ZA201600019B (en) 2017-06-28
CA2920161A1 (fr) 2015-02-05
DE102013012684A1 (de) 2015-02-05
US9687899B2 (en) 2017-06-27
KR20160040532A (ko) 2016-04-14

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