EP3225331A1 - Procédé de moulage d'un objet en métal à contour, en particulier en tial - Google Patents

Procédé de moulage d'un objet en métal à contour, en particulier en tial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3225331A1
EP3225331A1 EP17163412.4A EP17163412A EP3225331A1 EP 3225331 A1 EP3225331 A1 EP 3225331A1 EP 17163412 A EP17163412 A EP 17163412A EP 3225331 A1 EP3225331 A1 EP 3225331A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mold
metal object
parts
cavity
mold parts
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP17163412.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3225331B1 (fr
Inventor
Andre Schievenbusch
Jan SCHIEVENBUSCH
Roland Salber
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Access eV
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Access eV
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Publication of EP3225331A1 publication Critical patent/EP3225331A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D13/00—Centrifugal casting; Casting by using centrifugal force
    • B22D13/10—Accessories for centrifugal casting apparatus, e.g. moulds, linings therefor, means for feeding molten metal, cleansing moulds, removing castings
    • B22D13/101—Moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/06—Permanent moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/062—Mechanisms for locking or opening moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies
    • B22D17/2236—Equipment for loosening or ejecting castings from dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
    • B22D17/26—Mechanisms or devices for locking or opening dies
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/005—Castings of light metals with high melting point, e.g. Be 1280 degrees C, Ti 1725 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a mold for casting a contoured metal article, comprising at least two detachably connectable mold parts, each having at least one mold cavity, wherein the mold cavities complement with a closed mold to a cavity having a variable axis along one axis with one or more undercuts and along a level or free-form parting plane are detachable from each other.
  • Molds are typically used to cast a metal article from a melt. These define the contour of the finished, cast metal object via a cavity which is defined by the mold cavities of the detachably connectable mold parts.
  • the melt is poured into the mold, after which it solidifies.
  • titanium aluminides An example of such a poorly castable material group is that of titanium aluminides.
  • the material group of titanium aluminides due to their low density of about 4 g / cm 3 and the good high temperature properties, offers the potential to replace superalloys in their field of use as a material for highly stressed components in reciprocating engines and gas turbines, especially blades, while achieving a weight advantage. Due to the poor casting properties of these materials, it is not possible to produce complex contoured components via a chill casting. For this reason, such components are usually produced via a combined casting / forging route.
  • the casting is followed by a multi-stage forming and a final heat treatment and finishing to show the final component.
  • the invention is therefore based on the problem to provide a mold, which allows the casting of poor casting properties having materials, in particular titanium aluminide alloys for the production of complex contoured metal objects.
  • a mold of the type mentioned is provided according to the invention that at least one part of the mold is provided at least one surface against which is directly or indirectly pressure buildable over the shrinking during cooling metal object contraction, wherein the surface is arranged such that the two mold parts can be moved away from each other due to pressure and / or that at least one actuatable element, which can be actuated as a function of the shrinkage behavior or a kokillen lake physical parameter for opening the mold is provided.
  • the mold according to the invention is characterized in that means are provided which make it possible to open the mold during the cooling of the metal so as to reduce the cooling and shrinkage due to adjusting stresses in the blank, so that they do not adversely affect the properties of the impact cast metal object.
  • different opening mechanisms are provided, which may be provided individually or cumulatively.
  • the opening is obtained or induced by the cooling and thereby shrinking metal object itself.
  • at least one mold cavity or mold cavity outside the actual cavity is provided with at least one surface against which the cooling metal shrinking article presses, either directly by being directly adjacent to it, or indirectly by overlying the metal cavity
  • Metal object constructed pressure is transmitted by design to the surface.
  • the metal object changes size, in each spatial direction.
  • the mold-side surface is now arranged such that the shrinking metal object presses against this surface due to shrinkage or a built-up pressure acts against this surface, this pressure having a directional component or a portion which is or more or less perpendicular to the parting plane between the two mold parts stands.
  • an alternative, but also cumulative on the mold predictable way to open the mold for stress relief provides as described the use of a controllable or actuatable actuator for quasi-active opening of the mold, this opening depending on the shrinkage behavior of the metal object or at least one directly takes place at the mold given physical parameters such as a given pressure or the mold temperature.
  • the mold parts are at least actively moved apart by means of at least one actuator element, respectively, so that they can move apart, so that stress relief is again possible by means of this mold part movement.
  • It can be provided only one actuator, but also several distributed arranged actuator elements that can be controlled accordingly or work together.
  • the actuation of the actuator or the elements takes place in dependence on the active shrinkage behavior via a corresponding control device, which will be discussed below. Even a quasi-passive operation alone on the physical parameters, in particular the mold temperature is conceivable. Also, by opening or releasing the mold in this way, a release of stress in the metal object can consequently be achieved.
  • the two different opening variants can be provided individually or cumulatively, that is complementary or supportive.
  • the first opening variant ie the opening of the mold by the solidifying metal object itself, will be explained in more detail below. This is done as described by the fact that the solidifying metal object "works" against a defined surface during solidification and thus shrinkage, either directly or indirectly.
  • This surface is designed according to an embodiment of the invention as an inclined surface which is at an angle> 0 ° and ⁇ 90 ° to the parting plane, the angle should be preferably ⁇ 15 °, in particular ⁇ 30 ° and ⁇ 75 °, in particular ⁇ 60 ° ,
  • This oblique surface which depending on the contour of the metal object or the cavity may just be slightly curved, so neither parallel nor perpendicular to the parting plane, but is at a corresponding angle, so that during solidification and the solid contraction of the metal object due to shrinkage a quasi vertical standing to the parting plane pressure component with which presses the metal object against the parting plane and thus against the mold part adjusts.
  • the surface can represent a boundary surface of a mold cavity and thus of the metal object itself. That is, the metal object is contoured to have a contoured surface that serves as a contact surface for the metal article.
  • the mold parts are coupled together as described so that they can be moved apart by sufficient pressure that the metal object exerts on one or both parts of the mold, so they are not immovably clamped together.
  • the surface can also be formed in the region of an additional mold cavity section. The cavity thus has an additional area which is delimited by at least one such area over which the opening possibility is realized.
  • Such an additional mold cavity section can be formed, for example, by means of a so-called feeder, that is to say a volume region or mold cavity section which is filled with melt and which, as it were, is a Melting reservoir offers, can flow from the melt if necessary in the "main cavity".
  • a so-called feeder that is to say a volume region or mold cavity section which is filled with melt and which, as it were, is a Melting reservoir offers, can flow from the melt if necessary in the "main cavity”.
  • the metal object presses directly against the surface. It is also conceivable, however, that in the additional mold cavity portion at least one insert is arranged, which has a complementary surface, and against which the metal object presses during cooling, such that the insert presses against the surface.
  • the metal object works against the e.g. wedge-shaped insert and presses this against the kokillenteil workede surface, so that the mold parts are pressed apart.
  • the parting plane between the at least two mold parts preferably runs essentially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the metal object.
  • the surface or inclined surface is as described at an angle to this parting plane. Since the shrinkage or volume decrease in the longitudinal direction is usually greater than in one of the other spatial directions, thereby the required pressure can be realized and set a sufficient degree of opening.
  • only two mold parts are provided, each having a mold cavity, wherein at least one of the mold cavities has at least one surface or inclined surface, of course, may also be provided on a mold cavity a plurality of such surfaces, or at each mold cavity one or more such surfaces can be realized. It is also conceivable, however, to provide more than two mold parts which each have a mold cavity and which complement each other to form the cavity, wherein the at least one surface is arranged such that at least two mold parts move away from each other due to shrinkage, whereby, of course, a plurality of such surfaces may also be provided can.
  • the concrete position and number of surfaces, of which as described several can be provided on a mold cavity or on the complementary mold cavities ultimately depends on the geometry and the undercut position, respectively Undercut number of the volume defined over the cavity and the position of the parting planes.
  • the one or more surfaces are arranged virtually on the mold side or close to the mold.
  • the surface is an outer boundary surface of a mold part, wherein two mold parts with their surfaces abut each other in such a way that they are mutually displaceable due to pressure.
  • the mold parts are thus positioned adjacent to each other with complementary inclined surfaces. If the metal object contracted as a result of shrinkage, a pressure acting on the mold parts builds up, causing the two mold parts coupled over the inclined surfaces to slide against one another, so that one movable mold part is moved away from the other stationary mold part.
  • the metal object works here almost indirectly against the surfaces.
  • At least three mold parts may be provided, wherein a first mold part has two at an angle to each other extending surfaces on each of which a further mold part abuts with a corresponding surface, such that the two other mold parts are pressure apart and relative to the first mold part movable.
  • the first mold part is here provided with two surfaces, which run quasi-pointed towards one another, on the edge side, on each of which a further mold part rests with its oblique surface. These two further Kokillenmaschine slide due to pressure on the first mold part, they move in opposite directions away from each other and also relative to the first mold part.
  • the first mold part preferably consists of two individual parts, which are firmly connected to each other, for example via connecting screws, so that the metal object can be removed from the mold.
  • the mold parts are guided guided by guide means to each other.
  • the mold parts may be arranged and movable relative to one another such that the two further mold parts are movable starting from an open position into a closed position during a rotation of the mold, from which they can be moved out again due to pressure.
  • a centrifugal force-induced self-closing mechanism is provided.
  • the movable mold parts move into the closed position and close the mold, so that the melt can be supplied.
  • this self-closing mechanism works to relieve the metal object, the chill parts are pressed apart against the centrifugal force for stress reduction due to the contractions.
  • the further mold parts clamping means may be assigned, which build up a restoring force in a rotational movement in the closed position.
  • the clamping means for example corresponding spring components comprising coil springs or plate spring assemblies, work together with the metal object against the centrifugal force and support the pressing of the mold.
  • the mold parts are virtually forced apart over the solidifying metal object itself.
  • the mold parts are positively connected to each other via connecting sections or guides respectively engage form-fitting manner, wherein the mold parts are either held in the closed position, that the weight of the or the upper mold parts greater than the casting pressure and / or the buoyancy of the melt is, or via a restoring force generating clamping or clamping means, against which restoring force the Kokillenmaschine from the closed position to an open position are movable.
  • the Kokillenmaschine are thus defined via the connecting portions or guides arranged relative to each other, so that there is a defined closed mold with a closed cavity.
  • the mold parts can be kept in the closed position over their own weight.
  • the mold parts are connected to each other via corresponding clamping or clamping means.
  • clamping or clamping means are designed such that they generate a restoring force, against which one or both mold parts are movable from the closed position.
  • the clamping or tensioning means comprise one or more spring elements, for example helical springs or disk springs or disc spring packets, etc., via which the chill parts are clamped together.
  • the second alternative of the invention provides for the use of at least one actuator element via which the mold parts can be actively moved apart.
  • an actuator element can be a variable in its length actuator element which is supported on two wegzube Anlagenden Kokillen kind or a mold part and a fixed support.
  • Such an actuator element is, for example, an actuating cylinder which operates electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. If the actuator element or the actuating cylinder is activated, it lengthens and pushes apart the mold parts.
  • a plurality of actuator elements or actuating cylinders at distributed positions, in particular when the mold is of larger dimensions, in order to realize a uniform mold part movement or to expose different component areas.
  • the actuator element which operates as described electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically, is preferably controllable via a control device for the preferably successive opening of the mold parts as a function of the shrinkage behavior.
  • a control device for the preferably successive opening of the mold parts as a function of the shrinkage behavior.
  • the actuator element or elements only once during the solidification and shrinkage process, in order to move the mold parts from the closed position to the open position by a single, short movement and to realize the stress relief.
  • the opening time will depend on the solidification orshrinking chosen, which is determined in advance for example in the context of a simulation. If, after a certain time, the solidification process has progressed so far that a stable edge shell has formed, then this or that actuator elements can be controlled in order to open the mold and reduce possible stresses.
  • the mold is opened by a defined path in one step, so that the component can shrink free from stress.
  • such an opening can also take place intermittently, that is to say that relatively short actuator movements take place, so that the mold is opened quasi stepwise at defined times.
  • the actuator element (s) are / is actuated via the control device for the successive opening of the mold as a function of the shrinkage behavior, that is to say that a controlled tracking takes place as a function of the shrinkage behavior or of the stress relief.
  • the mold is thus slowly opened to make the discharge respectively the voltage reduction parallel to the volume change respectively to the shrinkage process, so that a regulated tracking with respect to developing tensions between casting and mold is established. Consequently, the control device associated with the mold or forming a part of the mold or the mold device controls the entire opening process in each case.
  • the actuator element which can be controlled via a control device, to actuate a clamping device, via which two mold parts are firmly clamped together, to release the clamping of the mold parts.
  • the clamping of the mold parts is abruptly released so that the mold is opened by the high internal pressure, that is to say that in this case the mold is again opened via the shrinking metal object itself.
  • the initiation of this opening takes place exclusively via the actuator element or elements which release or open the tensioning means, for example tensioned springs or tension levers.
  • the actuator element is not used for active opening of the mold itself, but for active release of the clamping means and thus to initiate the own opening process itself.
  • the opening time is chosen so that it is not despite shrinkage induced tension between the metal object and the mold leads to a negative influence on the metal object.
  • each clamping means is associated with a separately controllable actuator element. These are preferably controlled simultaneously to release the clamping means simultaneously.
  • the activation of the or each actuator element takes place as a function of the shrinkage behavior of the metal object.
  • the volume contraction or the strength of the edge layer of the casting is included in the control.
  • the mold parameters such as size of the cavity and thus the melt volume, the mold material and its thermal conductivity properties and the mold wall thickness, etc. are known, the solidification and shrinkage behavior can be estimated and the or each actuator element are controlled by the control device time-controlled. It is thus determined how the shrinkage process behaves with time in order to perform a time-based control based on the shrinkage curve.
  • the control of the opening operation is realized pressure-based by corresponding sensors in the mold.
  • a temperature-based control via a kokillen wornes thermocouple is conceivable.
  • a simulation of the shrinkage or solidification process of the molten metal proceeds. This simulation is now the basis for the control of the or each actuator element, be it an actuator element, over which the mold parts actively moved apart Be it an actuator element, via which a clamping device or the like is actuated.
  • the or each actuator element operates as described electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically. It is connected via one or more corresponding supply lines to a control device in the case of an electrically operating actuator element or a pump or conveyor in the case of a hydraulically or pneumatically operated actuator element.
  • the supply lines are to lead to the actuator or to the mold, that a possible Kokillenrotation is possible.
  • casting is usually done under vacuum, with a correspondingly high temperature and a rotation at several 100 rpm, e.g. ⁇ 400 rpm.
  • an actuator element which is variable in its length or a plurality of such actuator elements is preferably used.
  • a metal element which changes its length as a function of the temperature of the mold. Again, the opening is done in dependence on a given kokilleitigig parameter, namely the temperature.
  • a metal element consists of a material with the highest possible coefficient of thermal expansion, so that it changes its length correspondingly strongly with increasing temperature, and therefore lengthens, as a result of which the two mold parts on which the metal element is fixed are pressed apart.
  • the temperature is entered directly via the mold which heats up during solidification and cooling, in which the metal element, of which of course several can be provided distributed, is arranged.
  • the degree of heating of the mold is a measure of the degree of solidification of the metal object, so that opening of the mold for stress relief is also possible thereby.
  • the metal element is arranged, for example, on both mold parts which are to be moved relative to one another in corresponding receptacles or depressions, preferably in conformity with form, so that a good heat transfer from the mold to the metal element is possible.
  • the metal element has, for example, the shape of a pin or bolt.
  • a coolant channel leading a coolant can be provided in one or more mold parts.
  • This coolant channel targeted cooling of the mold and thus a targeted heat dissipation is possible. This can consequently influence the solidification and cooling. Targeted preheating or tempering of the mold is also possible.
  • the coolant used is usually a fluid, for example oil, water or compressed air. If a plurality of coolant channels are provided, they can be heated or operated at different temperatures in order to achieve different cooling conditions in different mold regions.
  • the coolant channel whereby, of course, a plurality of coolant channels can also be provided, can be guided in such a way that targeted specific die subregions are cooled in order, for example, to cool portions of the metal article with a high volume more than other regions or the like. If one or more such cooling channels are provided, the cooling effect is included in the determination of the control parameters for controlling the actuator element or elements, for example corresponding cooling parameters are taken into account in the simulation. For further control of the cooling and thus influencing the solidification and cooling, one or more of a higher or lower thermal conductivity than the mold material having metal insert, for example made of copper, and / or one or more mold parts to change the mold thickness outside on one or more Kokillen now locally thickened or worn away.
  • the attachment or integration of one or more metal inserts means that heat can be better dissipated from the inside of the mold to the outside than would be the case by the mold material. If, alternatively or additionally, the mold thickness is locally reduced, there is likewise an improvement since the heat can be dissipated more quickly.
  • the mold itself is preferably a metal permanent mold. It consists of a metal material such as cast iron, steel, copper, niobium or molybdenum and any alloys formed therefrom. Basically, all metal materials can be used, due to their physical properties Properties and chemical resistance to the molten metal, preferably the TiAl melt can be used.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a high-strength component from an ⁇ + y -TiAl alloy for reciprocating engines and gas turbines, in particular aircraft engines, in which a melt of a TiAl alloy is provided, which in a centrifugal centrifugal casting process in one or more Mold is cast to one or more precontoured semi-finished products for a forging and / or processing technology further processing to the finished part, wherein the or each mold has a cavity with at least one undercut and one or more flat or free-form parting lines and by a by the contraction of the cooling member generated internal pressure itself and / or open via a dependent on a kokillen impart given physical parameter controllable or actuatable actuator element during the solidification and cooling process.
  • the invention further relates to a method for casting a contoured metal object using a mold comprising at least two detachably connectable mold parts each having at least one mold cavity, wherein the mold cavities complement with a closed mold to a cavity with at least one undercut and along a
  • the method is characterized by the fact that after the introduction of a melt into the cavity, the mold is opened to reduce a pressure caused by shrinkage inside the mold, wherein the mold by the pressure arising in the interior itself is opened and / or actuatable or actuatable actuator elements are opened by one or more depending on the shrinkage behavior or a kokillen press given physical parameter.
  • the shrinking by cooling in particular over its longitudinal axis metal object presses according to the invention shrinkage or contraction caused directly or indirectly against a surface which is arranged such that the two mold parts are moved away from each other due to pressure.
  • the or each actuator element can be controlled by the control device time-controlled, pressure-controlled, temperature-controlled or depending on a simulation of the shrinking or solidification process.
  • the different opening mechanisms can be used either separately or cumulatively.
  • a metal article is cast from a titanium aluminide alloy, in particular ( ⁇ + ⁇ ) titanium aluminide alloy, ie from poor casting properties and extremely brittle behavior at room temperature.
  • a permanent metal mold is used, made of a metal or a metal alloy, which has physical and chemical properties that permit or are sufficiently resistant to TiAl casting.
  • a mold of the type described above is used.
  • Fig. 1 shows a mold 1 consisting of two Kokillen former 2a, 2b, each having a mold cavity 3a, 3b.
  • the two mold cavities 3a, 3b complement one another and define a cavity 4 to be filled with melt to cast a contoured metal article.
  • the two mold parts 2a, 2b are separable from one another along a plane of separation 5 which is flat in the example shown, in order to be able to remove the hardened metal object from the cavity 4.
  • the cavity 4 is designed to cast a metal object to make a low pressure turbine blade.
  • the cavity 4 has a volume varying over its longitudinal axis with two larger volume regions 6a, 6b on the edge side and a medium, narrower volume region 6c.
  • the volume regions 6a, 6b each have undercuts, resulting from the increase in diameter. They are delimited by inclined surfaces 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b, these surfaces running at an angle ⁇ or ⁇ to the parting plane 5.
  • the volume sections 6a, 6b can be rotationally symmetrical, ie round, but they can also be triangular, quadrangular or polygonal or free-formed, depending on the desired shape.
  • Fig. 2 shows an example of a metal article 9, which is provided with a mold 1 according to Fig. 1 can be poured.
  • This metal object 9 serves as described exemplary for the production of a low-pressure turbine blade. It is characterized by a shroud 10, which is imaged in the volume region 6b, a blade root 11, which is imaged in the volume region 6a, and an airfoil 12, which is imaged in the volume region 6c. Its shape corresponds to that of the cavity 4, it is merely due to shrinkage slightly smaller in volume, compared with the volume of the cavity 4. This will be discussed below.
  • Fig. 4 shows in a side view a) and a plan view b) a second embodiment of a metal article 9, which is equally suitable for producing a low-pressure turbine blade and in a mold 1 according to Fig. 3 can be poured.
  • This metal article 9 ' also has a shroud 10', a blade root 11 'and an airfoil 12' on.
  • a feeder 13 is formed, which allows a Materialnachhne in the actual space of the cavity 4.
  • This feeder 13 thus serves as a material reservoir.
  • the cavity 4 has for this purpose, see Fig. 3 , a corresponding laterally expanded mold cavity portion 6d.
  • this mold cavity section inevitably has corresponding oblique surfaces 15a, 15b so that the oblique surfaces 14a and 14b of the feeder 13 can be formed.
  • Fig. 3 shown.
  • Fig. 3 is in the upper part a by way of example a sectional view through the two mold parts 2a, 2b shown, while Fig. 3 in part b is a plan view of the mold part 2b, so the lower mold part shows.
  • Quasi starting from the basic form according to Fig. 1 is in the volume of the cavity 4, an additional volume region 6 d realized, which serves to form the feeder 13. This is defined by corresponding inclined surfaces 15a and 15b.
  • the surfaces 15a, 15b are also visible at an angle ⁇ to the parting plane 5 of the mold parts 2a, 2b.
  • the angle of the surfaces 15a, 15b is here by way of example the same, but it can also be different.
  • Fig. 5 shows a first embodiment of a mold according to the invention consisting of the two mold parts 2a, 2b. These are guided on guides 17 successive. In the region of the guides 17 clamping means 18 are provided, for example in the form of spring elements 26, via which the two mold parts 2a, 2b are clamped against each other.
  • the melt is first introduced into the cavity of the mold 1, which then slowly solidifies in the mold 1, so that the metal object 9 (likewise the metal object 9 'could be formed) forms.
  • the metal object 9 shrinks, as shown in the figure part b).
  • the two arrows 19 indicate that the volume is reduced in particular axially, that is to say that the metal object is quasi shortened.
  • the metal object 9 presses against the surfaces 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b. Since these surfaces are at an angle ⁇ or ⁇ , which is> 0 ° and ⁇ 90 ° and is preferably in the range between 20-70 °, in particular between 30-60 °, are the separation plane, results in a pressure component in the direction of arrow 20th , as shown in the figure part b). So it builds up an internal pressure.
  • the upper mold part 2a Due to the inclination of the corresponding surfaces 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b relative to the parting plane 5, the upper mold part 2a is now pushed away from the lower mold part 2b. This is done against the restoring force of the spring elements 26, which are compressed in this case.
  • the mold opens, according to Sub-figure b) is the upper mold part 2a already slightly spaced from the lower mold part 2b.
  • the angles of the surfaces can be the same, but they can also be different in different component areas.
  • the metal object 9 presses or works more and more against the corresponding surfaces 7a, 7b, respectively 8a, 8b, so that the mold is always open.
  • the spring elements 26 are compressed further and further.
  • the shrinkage and opening degree is exaggerated in the figures (this applies to all figures) in order to represent the principle of operation.
  • the mold in this case is successively opened by the successive shrinking metal object, the voltage between the metal object and mold parts 2a, 2b is inevitably reduced. These degraded stresses can no longer be detrimental to the metal object.
  • the opening of the mold is done here solely by the shrinking metal object itself.
  • Fig. 6 shows an embodiment of a second embodiment of a mold 1 according to the invention, which consists in the example shown of four mold parts 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d, the respective mold cavities 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d have, which in turn form the cavity 4 in its entirety.
  • the mold parts 2a and 2c are separated from the lower mold parts 2b, 2d by a horizontal parting plane 5 in the example shown.
  • the mold parts 2a and 2b in turn are separated by a vertical parting plane 5 'from the mold parts 2c and 2d.
  • the chill parts 2a, 2b are again connected to one another via corresponding guides 17, wherein the guides 17 are again assigned corresponding clamping means 18 in the form of spring elements 26.
  • the shape of the cavity is supposedly the same as Fig. 5
  • the cavity 4 could also have the shape as shown by the metal object 9 '.
  • melt is first introduced into the cavity 4 of the mold 1, which solidifies to form the metal object 9.
  • a volume contraction occurs, as indicated by the arrows 19, which is primarily in the longitudinal direction of the metal article 9.
  • the metal object 9 also presses here against the surfaces 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b, which are realized here on the individual Kokillen constitution 2a - 2d.
  • a pressure component in the direction of the arrows 20 results.
  • the mold 1 is opened in sections, it in turn comes to stress relief, even if only a section-wise opening of the mold.
  • the cavity would have the in Fig. 3 shown shape.
  • the metal object 9 'in this case would not only press against the inclined surfaces 7a, 7b, 8a and 8b, but additionally against the inclined surfaces 15a, 15b, that is to say that the solidifying feeder 13 also serves to counteract the mold opening to obtain the restoring force of the spring elements 26.
  • Fig. 7 shows an embodiment of a mold 1 according to the invention, in turn, for example, consisting of the two mold parts 2a, 2b, in which mold 1, an actuator element 21 is provided, via which the mold 1 can be actively opened.
  • the actuator element 21 is supported on the two mold parts 2 a, 2 b at corresponding bearing areas 23 a, 23 b. It is, for example, a positioning cylinder 22, which is electrically, hydraulically or pneumatically actuated, for which corresponding, not shown in detail supply or control lines are guided to the actuator 21.
  • a metal object 9 is poured, that is, the cavity 4 has the respect Fig. 1 detailed geometry.
  • a metal object 9 'with a corresponding cavity geometry could also be cast here.
  • Fig. 8 shows a further embodiment of a mold 1 according to the invention, which - comparable to Fig. 6 - Also consists of four Kokillen former 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d. Comparable to Fig. 7 Here, too, the two mold parts 2a, 2b are coupled via an actuator element 21, preferably an actuating cylinder 22, which is mounted on corresponding bearing sections 23a, 23b.
  • Fig. 8 clearly shows, are here with increasing shrinkage of the metal article 9, which is exemplary cast here, the Kokillenmaschine 2a, 2b moved apart on the actuator 21 and the mold, see in particular part c, opened, so that it comes to stress reduction.
  • press here as shown by the arrows 19, the corresponding edges of the metal object 9 against the corresponding inclined surfaces 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b of the Kokillenmaschine 2a, 2d, but this pressure is not respectively not exclusively responsible for opening the mold.
  • the opening of the mold or the moving apart of the mold parts 2a, 2b is initiated solely by the actuator element 21, the pressure of the metal object against the corresponding inclined surfaces acts possibly supportive.
  • Fig. 9 shows an embodiment of a mold 1 according to the invention, which in turn consists only of two mold parts 2a, 2b, which are clamped together by means of corresponding guides 17 with associated clamping elements 18 comprising the spring elements 26. It is again assumed that a metal article 9 is cast with the corresponding geometry, that is, the cavity 4 has the respect Fig. 1 described form. Also provided here is an actuator element 21, for example, again an actuating cylinder 22, which is arranged on a support portion 23a of the mold part 2a, while it is arranged with its other end on a positionally fixed support 24.
  • the actuation of the actuator 21, so for example of the actuating cylinder, takes place, as only in Fig. 9 is shown as an example, via a Control device 25.
  • the control can be time-controlled, that is, after a certain time after introduction of the melt, the actuator 21 - regardless of which Kokillenaus Equipmentsform is now considered - is operated continuously to successively to separate the mold part 2a from the mold part 2b.
  • pressure-based or temperature-based control is also conceivable.
  • a coolant channel 27 is shown, which is supplied via a coolant supply not shown in detail with coolant. Over this, the mold parts can be cooled accordingly.
  • the coolant used is, for example, oil or water or air, or a combination of at least two of these coolants. If the control device 25 works via a simulation, this cooling is included in the simulation.
  • material deposits can also be provided on the mold parts, which influence the heat dissipation, which therefore have a higher or lower thermal conductivity than the mold material.
  • Fig. 11 shows an embodiment of a mold 1 according to the invention, in which the metal article itself has no corresponding oblique surfaces, but nevertheless undercuts in the cavity 4 are provided.
  • the inclined surfaces are provided on the adjoining abutting sides of the mold parts, such that in the case of a length contraction of the solidifying metal object, the two movable mold parts slide on the inclined surfaces of the stationary mold part and it comes to the mold opening.
  • the stationary mold part 2a which consists of two individual parts which are detachably screwed together (not shown in greater detail) to enable demoulding of the metal object 9, has two inclined surfaces 7a, 7b which converge towards one another in a wedge shape.
  • Each of the movable mold parts 2b, 2c has an inclined surface 8a or 8b, wherein in the closed mold the mold parts 2b, 2c lie in a form-fitting manner against each other and over the inclined surfaces 8a, 8b on the surfaces 7a, 7b.
  • the subfigure 11b shows the mold 1 during the casting process, for example during the rotation of the mold 1.
  • the metal object 9 contracted due to shrinkage, in particular along its longitudinal axis.
  • the widened region 29 of the metal article 9 presses contractually within its partial cavity against the corresponding undercut flanks on the mold parts 2b, 2c.
  • the two mold parts 2b and 2c with their oblique surfaces 8a, 8b slide on the oblique surfaces 7a, 7b of the mold part 2a, and in this way successively forms a mold opening and thus a reduction in stress.
  • the mold opening is represented by the arrows 20.
  • the open mold is shown in part figure 2c, where it can be seen that the mold parts 2b and 2c, on the one hand, are displaced relative to the stationary mold part 2a, on the other hand, relative to one another.
  • the opening process can be realized substantially solely by the tensioned spring elements 2b are pulling the Kokillenmaschine 2b, 2c in the open position, almost following the volume shrinkage.
  • Fig. 12 shows a comparable embodiment of such a mold 1, in which again three mold parts 2a, 2b and 2c are provided, wherein the mold parts 2b and 2c are movable relative to the stationary mold part 2a. They are guided relative to the mold part 2a via corresponding guides 30 movable.
  • the cavity 4 here also has no oblique surfaces as an example, again the cavity has a kind of bone shape.
  • Fig. 12a shows the initial state of the mold. In this initial state, the two mold parts 2b and 2c are virtually open. The mold 1 is therefore not closed.
  • the closing takes place only when in this embodiment, the mold 1 is set in rotation, wherein the centrifugal forces act cause the two mold parts 2b, 2c, guided over the guides 30, with their inclined surfaces 8a, 8b on the inclined surfaces 7a , 7b of the mold part 2a slide off and, as shown by the arrows 31, are moved to the closed position. In this position, the melt may be supplied to cast the metal article 9.
  • the metal object solidifies and contracts over its longitudinal axis, as shown by the arrows 19.
  • This length contraction and the force thus exerted on the mold parts 2b, 2c, acting in the direction of the longitudinal axis counteract the centrifugal force. Since the force due to contraction is significantly greater than the centrifugal force, with increasing solidification and thus shrinkage of the metal object 19, the mold parts 2b, 2c are moved apart as shown by the arrows 20, they slide with their inclined surfaces 8a, 8b on the inclined surfaces 7a, 7b of the stationary mold part. This also allows the voltage reduction to be achieved.
  • Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment of a mold 1 according to the invention, which the embodiment Fig. 12 comes close, as far as the basic structure of the mold 1 and the operating principle is concerned. In this regard, reference is made to the above statements.
  • each movable mold element 2b, 2c, a restoring element 32 comprising a spring element 33 is provided, which is respectively attached to a support 34 and is coupled to the other end of the mold part 2b and 2c.
  • the mold parts 2b, 2c are also opened and moved relative to the mold part 2a here.
  • the spring elements 33 are relaxed or contracted.
  • the closing of the mold 1 is also effected here by the centrifugal force during the rotation, as shown by the arrows 31.
  • the centrifugal force causes the mold parts 2b, 2c with their sloping surfaces 8a, 8b on the inclined surfaces 7a, 7b of the stationary mold part 2a, guided over the guides 30, slide.
  • This restoring force thus counteracts the centrifugal force. It supports the over the solidifying metal object 9 induced opening process, as shown in part of Figure 13c.
  • the shrinking along its longitudinal axis metal object see the arrows 19, presses, as already to Fig. 12 described against the Kokillenmaschine 2b, 2c, so that they in turn slide on the Kokillenteil 2a. This sliding movement is supported by the spring elements 33, which in this case contract again.
  • the opening process can be realized substantially solely by the tensioned spring elements 2b are pulling the Kokillenmaschine 2b, 2c in the open position, almost following the volume shrinkage.
  • Fig. 14 1 shows an embodiment of a mold 1, by way of example consisting of two mold parts 2a, 2b, specifically in part-figure 14a in a side view and in part-figure 14b in a plan view of the lower mold half 2b.
  • the opening process is obtained here via a plurality of thermally activated actuators 35 in the form of metal pins 36.
  • the geometry of the cavity 4 from the Figures 1 - 9 corresponds, which therefore has corresponding inclined surfaces 7a, 7b and 8a, 8b, against which the metal object 9 presses.
  • the opening process can be additionally supported by means of this mechanism already described above, but it can also be achieved by means of the adjusting elements 35 alone.
  • the adjusting elements 35 and the metal elements 36 which have the form of bolts or pins, are metal elements with the highest possible thermal expansion coefficient.
  • Each metal element 36 is accommodated in corresponding receptacles 37 on the two mold parts 2a, 2b, wherein the geometry of the receptacles 37 preferably corresponds to the geometry of the metal element 36, so that a good heat transfer from mold to the metal element is given.
  • the heating of the metal elements 36 takes place exclusively via the mold 1. After pouring the melt inevitably heats up during the cooling of the metal object 9, the mold 1. This also leads to a heating of the metal objects 36.
  • These are designed such that they due to heating a Extension in the longitudinal direction, so they length themselves. Since they are supported on both sides of the mold parts 2a, 2b, an elongation inevitably causes the mold parts 2a, 2b are pressed apart, so that the mold 1 is opened.
  • Part Figure 15a shows the situation after the introduction of the melt to form the metal article 9. With increasing cooling and solidification it comes to the longitudinal contraction, as indicated by the arrows 19. At the same time, however, the metal elements 36, of which in Fig. 15 due to the fact that only one is shown. It comes to pushing apart the Kokillenmaschine 2 a, 2 b and thus to open the mold 1, as indicated by the arrow 20. This opening operation takes place in the example shown again against the restoring force of the clamping means 18, wherein also here the mold parts are defined via guides 17 are relatively movable. The opening process can be achieved essentially solely by the metal elements 36, or in cooperation with the metal object 9.
  • Fig. 16 finally shows a mold 1, which is similar to the mold Fig. 3 is constructed. It consists of two mold parts 2a, 2b and has an additional lateral mold cavity section, which is delimited by inclined surfaces 15a, 15b. This mold cavity portion enables the formation of a feeder 13 on the metal object 9, as shown in part figure 16a.
  • an insert 37 is accommodated in the mold cavity section which is wedge-shaped and has corresponding oblique surfaces 38a, 38b, with which it rests against the inclined surfaces 15a, 15b.
  • the feeder 13 forms in direct connection to the insert 37.
  • the feeder 13 has an example of a rounded geometry, but may also be shaped differently.
  • the melt contracts again over its longitudinal axis, as the arrows 19 show.
  • the feeder 13 works against the insert 37, which, as shown by the arrow 39, is also displaced in the direction of the longitudinal axis. It pushes with its oblique surfaces 38a, 38b against the inclined surfaces 15a, 15b of the two Kokillenmaschine 2a, 2b, so that it comes to opening of the mold 1, as shown by the arrow 20.
  • Partial figure 16c shows the opened mold 1.
  • the metal object 9 presses indirectly via the insert 37 against the surfaces of the mold parts 2a, 2b.
  • the opening operation can either be done only on this via the insert 37 pressure exerted, or in support of the also corresponding inclined surfaces having metal object 9, which presses against the corresponding inclined surfaces of the mold parts 2a, 2b.
  • the mold according to the invention regardless of which embodiment, is used in particular for producing a metal object or a semifinished product with a volume distribution varying over the longitudinal axis for further processing of the finished product for forging and / or processing.
  • the finished part can be provided in particular, but not exclusively for use in a piston engine or a gas turbine, in particular in aircraft engines.
  • Ta, Si, V or C may be included. This applies to all the aforementioned compositions.
  • such an alloy is melted, which can be done for example by VIM (Vacuum Induction Melting), VAR (Vacuum Arc Remelting) or PAM (Plasma Arc Melting) and then poured into the mold, in which the melt solidifies in the manner described.
  • VIM Vauum Induction Melting
  • VAR Vauum Arc Remelting
  • PAM Pasma Arc Melting
  • the melt from the crucible / container is poured into a rotating casting system consisting of a melt distributor, running system and the mold or dies.
  • the melting of the alloy and the casting is preferably carried out under vacuum, optionally also in a chemically inert atmosphere under inert gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
EP17163412.4A 2016-03-30 2017-03-28 Procédé de moulage d'un objet en métal à contour, en particulier en tial Not-in-force EP3225331B1 (fr)

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DE102016105795.9A DE102016105795A1 (de) 2016-03-30 2016-03-30 Kokille zum Gießen eines konturierten Metallgegenstandes, insbesondere aus TiAl

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CN110232244A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-09-13 河北科技大学 一种基于ProCAST软件卧式离心铸造筒型件内孔收缩模拟的方法
DE102021000614A1 (de) 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Access E.V. Kokille zur rissfreien Herstellung eines Metallgegenstandes mit mindestens einem Hinterschnitt, insbesondere aus intermetallischen Legierungen wie TiAl, FeAl und anderen spröden oder rissanfälligen Werkstoffen, sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren.
CN117324587A (zh) * 2023-11-03 2024-01-02 广州市型腔模具制造有限公司 一种可免热处理铝合金的铸造制备装置及其铸造方法
CN117680662A (zh) * 2024-02-04 2024-03-12 山西禧佑源民机完工中心有限公司 一种用于航空飞机金属涡轮叶片铸造设备

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CN111687382B (zh) * 2020-06-12 2022-03-08 泉州市宏山工程机械有限公司 一种支重轮制造设备及支重轮制造工艺
CN112247079A (zh) * 2020-09-28 2021-01-22 安徽长青建筑制品有限公司 一种脚手架扣件加工用冲压模具
CN113976824B (zh) * 2021-10-20 2023-09-15 中国航发沈阳黎明航空发动机有限责任公司 一种防止联体单晶导向叶片型芯自由端产生杂晶的方法

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CN110232244A (zh) * 2019-06-13 2019-09-13 河北科技大学 一种基于ProCAST软件卧式离心铸造筒型件内孔收缩模拟的方法
DE102021000614A1 (de) 2021-02-08 2022-08-11 Access E.V. Kokille zur rissfreien Herstellung eines Metallgegenstandes mit mindestens einem Hinterschnitt, insbesondere aus intermetallischen Legierungen wie TiAl, FeAl und anderen spröden oder rissanfälligen Werkstoffen, sowie ein entsprechendes Verfahren.
CN117324587A (zh) * 2023-11-03 2024-01-02 广州市型腔模具制造有限公司 一种可免热处理铝合金的铸造制备装置及其铸造方法
CN117324587B (zh) * 2023-11-03 2024-03-26 广州市型腔模具制造有限公司 一种可免热处理铝合金的铸造制备装置及其铸造方法
CN117680662A (zh) * 2024-02-04 2024-03-12 山西禧佑源民机完工中心有限公司 一种用于航空飞机金属涡轮叶片铸造设备
CN117680662B (zh) * 2024-02-04 2024-04-09 山西禧佑源民机完工中心有限公司 一种用于航空飞机金属涡轮叶片铸造设备

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ES2709191T3 (es) 2019-04-15
EP3225330B1 (fr) 2018-10-31
DE102016105795A1 (de) 2017-10-05
EP3225330A1 (fr) 2017-10-04
EP3225331B1 (fr) 2018-10-31
ES2708387T3 (es) 2019-04-09

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