EP3268559B1 - Cylindre de fermeture programmable - Google Patents

Cylindre de fermeture programmable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3268559B1
EP3268559B1 EP16709960.5A EP16709960A EP3268559B1 EP 3268559 B1 EP3268559 B1 EP 3268559B1 EP 16709960 A EP16709960 A EP 16709960A EP 3268559 B1 EP3268559 B1 EP 3268559B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tumbler
locking
counter
key
tool
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP16709960.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3268559A1 (fr
EP3268559C0 (fr
Inventor
Renato SERAFINI
Peter Hertlein
Stefan BOËS
Stephan Cecil FOX
Moritz MUSSGNUG
Daniel Alexander TÜRK
Mirko Meboldt
Benjamin Gugerli
Urs SPÄNI
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Dormakaba Schweiz AG
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Dormakaba Schweiz AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Dormakaba Schweiz AG filed Critical Dormakaba Schweiz AG
Priority to EP23175689.1A priority Critical patent/EP4234853B1/fr
Publication of EP3268559A1 publication Critical patent/EP3268559A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3268559B1 publication Critical patent/EP3268559B1/fr
Publication of EP3268559C0 publication Critical patent/EP3268559C0/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05B—LOCKS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR; HANDCUFFS
    • E05B27/00—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in
    • E05B27/005—Cylinder locks or other locks with tumbler pins or balls that are set by pushing the key in with changeable combinations

Definitions

  • Lock cylinders have a stator (sometimes called a “cylinder housing”) that can be attached to a lock in a non-rotatable manner and a rotor (sometimes called a "cylinder core") that can be rotated around the axis of the lock cylinder when a suitable key is inserted.
  • the rotation of the rotor moves drive means that are used to operate a bolt or other means related to the desired function of the lock cylinder.
  • the rotor is a cylinder inserted into the stator with several holes that extend through the rotor and the stator, and into each of which a tumbler, a counter-tumbler and a coil spring are inserted.
  • the tumbler and counter-tumbler can move along the hole axis and are subjected to a restoring force by the coil spring.
  • the separating surface, separating line or separating point coincides with a separating line (i.e. the separating surface/shearing surface) between the rotor and stator.
  • the tumbler therefore lies completely in the rotor and the counter-tumbler completely in the stator. This enables the rotor to rotate within the stator and can therefore enable a locking system to be unlocked.
  • Locking cylinders are typically manufactured individually, so that each of the tumblers has a length that is tailored to the corresponding key.
  • the lengths correspond to the coding incorporated in the key, which manifests itself in depressions of varying depths in defined positions on the key (and scanned by the respective tumbler). This means that a great deal of logistical effort must be made to transport the locking cylinders produced to their place of use or to dealers, especially if the locking cylinder is to be replaced by another locking cylinder or is to become part of a larger locking system.
  • the production of individualized locking cylinders usually requires a lot of manual work to assemble the large number of individual parts.
  • a locking cylinder can be programmed after assembly, i.e. individualized.
  • a generic, i.e. not yet individualizable, but still programmable locking cylinder can be produced, which enables more efficient and more automated production.
  • generic locking cylinders can be supplied that are only programmed afterwards, for example at the place of use or at a dealer.
  • US 2005/0217331 shows a programmable locking cylinder in which the shearing area between the locking cylinder rotor and the locking cylinder stator can be adjusted for each locking-counter-locking pair by storing so-called shear sleeves in adjustable positions.
  • US 2 232 017 shows a locking cylinder with two-part locking mechanisms, which can be programmed in the presence of a key before assembling the locking cylinder.
  • the US 3,190,093 shows a locking system for serrated keys, in which the locking cylinder is initially programmed for a temporary key.
  • the locking cylinder has a special tumbler/counter-tumbler pair at one position, in which the tumbler has a sleeve and another element, e.g. a ball, that can be pushed into the sleeve against a frictional force.
  • This additional element is rounded towards the parting line with the counter-tumbler.
  • a secondary key with a less deep notch is used in the place of the special tumbler/counter-tumbler pair, the cylinder blocks due to the tumbler being too long. By turning it and applying the appropriate force, the user can push the additional element further into the sleeve against the frictional force and thus shorten the tumbler overall so that it is matched to the secondary key.
  • the temporary key then no longer fits.
  • This reprogramming system has the disadvantage that only very limited reprogramming is possible and only in one direction (from a key with a deeper notch to a key with a less deep notch). Therefore, the system is not suitable for the concept of first producing a generic, unprogrammed cylinder and only programming the cylinder later, for example on site. It is also very tricky not to be able to use the force required to push the additional element into the sleeve (exerted by a shearing movement) to grow large without the connection between the sleeve and the other element becoming loose.
  • US 2,194,469 relates to a locking system with a reprogrammable locking cylinder, in which an upper and a lower part of each locking device can be fixed relative to each other in different axial positions, whereby the fixing is carried out with the help of a rake.
  • the US 2,232,137 teaches a reprogrammable locking cylinder, whereby the reprogramming is done with the help of a tool.
  • programming should be simple and/or quick and secure.
  • a corresponding method for programming a locking cylinder should be created.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a programmable locking cylinder that is mechanically robust, in particular such that the programming is still accurate even after years of use and/or after other mechanical stress.
  • a further object of the invention is to enable particularly simple programming of a locking cylinder.
  • Yet a further object of the invention is to enable particularly rapid and/or particularly precise programming of a locking cylinder.
  • the programmable locking cylinder and/or tools used for programming should preferably be relatively easy to manufacture and meet high security requirements.
  • a locking cylinder of the type described here is a mechanical locking cylinder (which does not exclude the additional presence of electronic/electromechanical security features) and has a stator and a rotor that can be rotated in the stator and has a key opening into which a key can be inserted. It also has a plurality of locking/counter-locking pairs that are mounted in holes in the rotor or stator, the corresponding holes in the rotor and stator being aligned with one another when the rotor is in a starting position relative to the stator in which it is possible to insert and remove a key.
  • a tumbler having two parts whose relative position is adjustable and fixable by connecting the two parts to one another in a press fit.
  • a locking cylinder is designed in such a way that it can be programmed by a tool which exerts a pushing force on the counter-lock or directly on the lock in order to push the two parts of the lock (further) into each other, while a key with the desired coding is inserted into the cylinder and forms an internal stop for the respective lock, which is dependent on the coding.
  • the programming of the mechanical locking cylinder is carried out by an interaction between a locking device that pushes the locking device (directly or via the counter-locking device) inwards to a certain position. tool on the one hand and the prefabricated key with the correct coding on the other.
  • the locking cylinder has an access for the tool, through which the tool can act on the counter-locking or locking mechanism, for example when the locking cylinder is fully assembled (in which the respective counter-locking mechanism presses inwards like a spring).
  • Such access consists, for example, of an access opening per locking-counter-locking pair with programmable (length-adjustable) locking mechanism.
  • the locking cylinder has a helical spring associated with the locking and the counter-locking, as well as a housing enclosing the stator, wherein the helical spring rests against an inner surface of the housing with an end facing away from the key opening, and the housing has an access opening through which the mandrel of the tool can be passed in order to displace the second part relative to the first part, wherein when the first and second parts are pushed into one another, the mandrel of the tool extends through at least part of the helical spring.
  • a generic (programmable) locking cylinder can be manufactured in which tumblers, counter-tumblers and springs are already mounted and the stator is encased in a sleeve or other housing, for example.
  • the two parts of the tumblers are connected to each other (in particular with a press fit) in such a way that the tumblers all have at least the maximum length required for any key for which the locking cylinder is to be programmable.
  • the tumblers only need to be shortened (by pushing the two parts together) so that the gap between the tumblers and the counter-tumblers for all tumbler-counter-tumbler pairs coincides with the gap between the rotor and stator.
  • the rotor can then be rotated within the stator; the tumblers have exactly the length required for this.
  • the tool can have a mechanical stop that prevents the mandrel from being inserted further into the locking cylinder when the desired position (the gap between the locking and counter-locking coincides with the gap between the rotor and stator) is reached.
  • a simple tool e.g. with a number of mandrels of the same length
  • all locking-counter-locking pairs of the locking cylinder can be programmed simultaneously or sequentially, e.g. row by row.
  • different tools may be required for different locking-counter-locking pairs.
  • the locking cylinder may have further locking-counter-locking pairs, for example with ordinary one-piece locking mechanisms, in addition to the aforementioned locking-counter-locking pairs with (at least) two-part locking mechanisms.
  • a closing-effective length of each of the tumblers can be reduced by pushing the respective first and second parts into one another.
  • the effective locking length is the length that the tumbler measures along a bore axis, which defines the bore in the rotor in which the tumbler is mounted (in this text, the term "bore” is used regardless of how the corresponding structures (holes/cavities/openings) are manufactured, i.e. it is not limited to manufacturing by drilling).
  • the counter-lock which is used in combination with the length-adjustable locking device due to the adjustable relative position of the first and second parts, can be a conventional, one-piece counter-lock in some embodiments. This is particularly sufficient for locking systems with at most medium-level security requirements.
  • At least one of the tumblers has a first and a second part, which can be brought into different positions relative to one another and can be fixed in these, and at least the associated counter-tumbler has a third and a fourth part, which can be brought into different positions relative to one another and can be fixed in these, wherein a locking effective total length of the tumbler along an axis depends on the relative position of the first and the second part and a locking effective total length of the counter-tumbler along an axis depends on the relative position of the third and the fourth part.
  • both the locking mechanism and the counter-locking mechanism can be adjusted in their effective locking length.
  • the first, second, third and fourth parts can be shaped and arranged in the starting position relative to one another in such a way that a movement of the fourth part relative to the third part by a path length L causes a movement of the second part relative to the first part by the same path length L. If such a displacement of the second part relative to the first part causes a shortening of the locking device by L, this can simultaneously cause the length of the counter-locking device to increase by L - the sum of the lengths therefore remains constant.
  • the second part can be arranged axially with respect to the bore axis within the fourth part and can be aligned therewith.
  • An outer part of the first part can also be aligned with an inner part of the third part.
  • the third part forms an outer end of the counter-tumbler, and a distance between the first and third parts is kept constant when the fourth part is moved relative to the third part (e.g. pressed inwards) and the second part moves relative to the first, or when the second part is moved independently of the fourth part, as explained below.
  • a separation arrangement can be present between the first and the third part, which is in physical contact with the first and the third part and on the basis of which a plurality of possible separation joints between the first part and the third part are defined - namely at least where the Separation arrangement is in contact with the first part and where the separation arrangement is in contact with the third part, and for example also within the separation arrangement.
  • the separation arrangement has, for example, several separation elements that are not connected to one another or are only loosely connected (via a predetermined separation point).
  • the second and the fourth part can be aligned with each other and can be displaced together in the axial direction relative to the first and third part - at least inwards - and on the other hand an outer part of the first part, the separation arrangement and an inner part of the third part can be aligned with each other.
  • the second and fourth parts can be arranged radially inside the inner part of the third part (preferably the entire third part), the separation arrangement and the outer part of the first part, which surround the second and fourth parts in a sleeve-like manner.
  • the separation arrangement can, for example, have one or preferably several rings, which in the latter case are loosely stacked on top of one another or are connected to one another by a detachable connection (in particular a predetermined separation point).
  • the actual separating gap between the locking and counter-locking is defined by the - movable, i.e. programmable - separating gap between the second and fourth part.
  • programming may be possible which allows the second part to be arranged at a distance from one another relative to the fourth part, which allows several different codings to be applied to the locking-counter-locking pair (several code levels), which can be used for more complex locking systems with several keys opening a lock (so-called Master Key Systems MKS).
  • a programming tool used can act directly on the second part.
  • the fourth part can have a through hole through which the programming tool can act on the second part even if the cylinder with counter-locking has already been assembled.
  • a programming tool of the type described above can then have, in addition to the mandrels, at least one programming pin, which is guided in the tool, for example, and during programming, depending on the desired programming, protrudes so far beyond the stop that the second part is displaced relative to the first part to the desired extent during programming.
  • a programming pin can, for example, be guided in the tool so that it can be inserted coaxially into the hole, and can, for example, be guided axially through an internal opening in the respective mandrel.
  • the programming pin can be brought into different positions relative to the stop surface of the tool, with this position being selected, for example, depending on the - known - coding of the key at the position of the corresponding locking/counter-locking pair.
  • an MKS system can also be achieved by not equipping certain holes with locking-counter-locking pairs or by designing some locking-counter-locking pairs conventionally and providing them with one or more coding disks, so-called "split pins".
  • the first part forms a key-side end of the respective tumbler for sensing a key inserted into the locking cylinder
  • the second part forms a counter-tumbler-side end of the respective tumbler for interacting with the respectively associated counter-tumbler
  • a stop for limiting movement of the respective tumbler into the key opening is formed by the respective first part. This can make it difficult or even impossible to optically read the coding. To limit movement, the stop works together with a stop in the rotor bore for the tumbler.
  • the first parts each have a section (for example a section with an annular cross-section) in which they fill a cross-section of a hole in the rotor in which the respective locking device is movably mounted.
  • a section for example a section with an annular cross-section
  • the third part and/or the separation arrangement there must still be some play to ensure that the locking device can move in the opening in the rotor.
  • the second parts each have a section in which they completely fill a cross-section of a hole in the rotor in which the respective tumbler is movably mounted. This can lead to increased mechanical stability and mechanical load-bearing capacity of the locking cylinder and accordingly to increased security of the locking cylinder.
  • the second part can be T-shaped or mushroom-shaped. This option is not possible in embodiments with the separation arrangement if this is present on the radial outside, as is preferred.
  • the second part forms a stamp (also referred to as a shaft), which is inserted into an opening in the associated first part that is adapted to it in a press fit.
  • a stamp also referred to as a shaft
  • the opening in the associated first part can be hollow-cylindrical.
  • the first part can, for example, be sleeve-shaped at least on the outside.
  • the first and/or the second part can, for example, be rotationally symmetrical, in particular be a rotating part.
  • the same optionally applies to the third and/or the fourth part and/or the separation arrangement.
  • the holes in the rotor or stator run radially in relation to the axis of rotation of the rotor, which particularly favors the use of rotationally symmetrical parts.
  • skewed hole axes in relation to the axis of rotation are also conceivable - depending on the arrangement of the coding on the key.
  • the first part forms an external guide and the second part forms an internal guide.
  • the first part forms an internal guide and the second part forms an external guide.
  • the third part and the separation arrangement form an external guide and the second and fourth parts form an internal guide - or possibly vice versa.
  • the corresponding inner guide/outer guide pair can, on the one hand, ensure that the two parts move along the same axis during programming and, on the other hand, if necessary (with a sufficiently long design), can create a strong press fit and thus a high level of mechanical stability in the connection between the two parts.
  • the first and second parts in particular are connected to one another in a press fit so that they can be moved relative to one another.
  • the same can also be the case for the third and fourth parts in addition or as an alternative in certain embodiments.
  • a press fit is sometimes also referred to as an interference fit.
  • the press fit means that the two parts are so firmly connected that they retain their relative position even after years of use and other typical mechanical stress.
  • the length of the locking device can be adjusted during programming by the mechanical forces applied. These forces are so large that the two press-fit parts can be moved relative to each other, which leads to the length adjustment of the locking device and thus to the programming.
  • first, second and, if applicable, third, fourth parts and/or parts of the separation arrangement can consist of the same or completely or partially different materials. Any combinations and permutations are possible.
  • first and second or third and fourth parts from metal.
  • the first, second, third and/or fourth parts can alternatively be made from plastic, for example from a polymer or a polymer composite material.
  • the locking cylinder has one coil spring per locking/counter-locking pair.
  • a counter-locking device can have a recess for receiving the respective coil spring at its end facing away from the key opening.
  • the locking cylinder has a housing, e.g. a sleeve, which encases the stator, and each of the coil springs rests against an inner surface of the housing at its end facing away from the key opening.
  • the invention also relates to a device which has one of the described locking cylinders and a tool.
  • the tool can be used to program the locking cylinder and can be designed as described in the present patent application.
  • it can have a stop surface and at least one pin protruding from the stop surface. It can also have several pins which protrude the same distance from the stop surface.
  • the tool can be characterized in that it has at least one stop surface and at least one mandrel protruding from the stop surface, wherein the diameter and length of the at least one mandrel are adapted for programming the locking cylinder.
  • the method for programming a locking cylinder relates to a locking cylinder which has a stator and a rotor which can be rotated in the stator and has a key opening into which a key can be inserted, and which further has at least one tumbler which has a first and a second part which are connected to one another in a press fit.
  • a locking-effective length of the tumbler is changed by pushing the first and second parts into one another or apart, in particular reduced by pushing them into one another.
  • the tool has a stop surface and a mandrel protruding from the stop surface.
  • the mandrel can also be referred to as a rod and causes the first and second parts to slide into one another.
  • the mandrel can be a solid mandrel.
  • the mandrel can optionally be a hollow mandrel (or a hollow rod).
  • Such a tool can enable very precise programming, and it can be relatively easy to manufacture.
  • the stop surface can be designed to be flat. Alternatively, it can also have a curve.
  • the mandrel is guided into the stator until the stop surface rests against a counter stop and a force is exerted by the mandrel on the second part, causing it to slide into one another.
  • the counter stop mentioned is usually formed by a part of the locking cylinder.
  • it can be formed by a housing surrounding the stator, for example a sleeve, or more precisely: by an outer surface of the housing. It is also possible to provide that the counter stop is formed by the stator itself (more precisely: by an outer surface of the stator).
  • the force mentioned can be directed in the direction of the key.
  • the force can be directed along a bore axis of the bore in which the locking mechanism is located in the rotor.
  • the stop surface has a curvature which is adapted to a curvature of the counter stop.
  • the stator is encased in a housing (e.g. sleeve), and (access) openings are provided in the housing through which the mandrel can be passed so that the mandrel can be inserted through the housing into the stator.
  • a housing e.g. sleeve
  • a parting line between the stator and the rotor, and a length of the mandrel measured from the stop surface is dimensioned such that after the mandrel has been inserted into the stator until the stop surface rests against the counter stop, the first and the second part are pushed into one another to such an extent that an end of the tumbler facing away from the key coincides with the parting line.
  • the first and the second part are pushed into one another to such an extent that a parting line formed between the guard locking device and the counter-locking device comes to lie at the parting line between the stator and the rotor.
  • the tool acts indirectly (by the mandrel pressing the counter-lock or a part of it against the lock) or directly (by pressing on the second part) on the second part, while an inner end of the first part is in contact with the correspondingly coded key. If the joint between the lock and the counter-lock is moved to the level of the joint between the rotor and stator, the locking cylinder is programmed. In particular, the tool does not carry any information about the coding: this is instead transferred from the key to the locking cylinder in the process described.
  • the process enables simple and precise programming (individualization) of a locking cylinder, which is typically a generic locking cylinder beforehand.
  • a locking cylinder which is typically a generic locking cylinder beforehand.
  • no specific, adapted tools are required for programming, nor does the cylinder need to be adapted; in some cases it does not even need to be taken apart, but can be adopted fully assembled as a generic cylinder and adapted using the programming described here.
  • the tool acts on the second part via the fourth part, i.e. the tool moves the fourth part inwards relative to the first part - while the third part, for example, is prevented from being moved inwards by the separation arrangement - and the fourth part moves the second part inwards relative to the first part, which can be equivalent to the second and first parts being pushed into one another.
  • a tool may be used in which a programming pin acts directly on the second part to space it from the fourth part - this to define a plurality of parting lines so that an MBS can be created.
  • mandrels may be present on the same tool or on a separate tool which act on the fourth part in the manner described above.
  • the two parts Before and after programming, and thus before and after sliding the first and second parts together or moving them apart, the two parts are connected to each other in a press fit.
  • the pushing of the first and second parts into one another can be done in particular by exerting a force acting in the direction of the key, so that the first and second parts are pushed into one another.
  • the first part can rest against the key.
  • the aforementioned pushing of the first and second parts into each other during programming generally corresponds to a further pushing of the first and second parts into each other.
  • the locking cylinder with tumbler and associated counter-tumbler has a helical spring associated with the tumbler and the counter-tumbler, wherein when the first and second parts are pushed into one another, the mandrel extends through at least part of the helical spring, in particular extends completely through the helical spring.
  • a locking cylinder has several tumbler-counter-tumbler pairs.
  • the method described can easily be transferred to the case of locking cylinders with two or more tumblers, each with at least two parts.
  • tools of the type described above do not need to have any programming-related coding.
  • the tools for a locking cylinder to be programmed are the same, regardless of which key the locking cylinder is to be programmed for (and using).
  • any of these lock cylinders can then be programmed for use with any key (which is of course basically suitable for the type of lock cylinder).
  • Such a tool can, for example, have a base body that forms a stop and at least one programmed mandrel that protrudes to a programmable extent from the base body.
  • the adjustment of such a mandrel can be done manually, e.g. using an adjustment screw, or electronically/automatically.
  • programming can be done without a key.
  • the information used can also be used separately in a known manner for the production of the key by applying the corresponding coding.
  • the locking cylinder only during or after programming, for example by not pre-assembling the counter-locks - for example the two-part counter-locks - and possibly the separation arrangements, but only inserting them together with the corresponding mandrel of the tool, or inserting them after the - then programmable - tool has acted directly on the second parts.
  • the fourth parts or the second and fourth parts are inserted subsequently, for example during or immediately before programming.
  • Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a locking cylinder 1 with an inserted key 10.
  • Fig. 2 shows in perspective in exploded view the locking cylinder from Fig. 1 .
  • the locking cylinder 1 has a rotor 5 and a stator 6 as well as a sleeve 7.
  • the sleeve 7 or the locking cylinder 1 can have another housing, or the housing can include other parts in addition to the sleeve, for example parts that at least partially surround the sleeve, which in Fig. 1 is not shown.
  • a locking mechanism with at least two parts is suggested.
  • An example of this is shown in Fig. 3 and 4 shown in perspective, in Fig. 4 cut.
  • the tumbler 2 can, in an otherwise known manner, together with a counter-tumbler 3 (and a coil spring 4, part of which is accommodated in a recess 3a of the counter-tumbler 3) and with the rotor 5 and stator 6, enable the conventional locking and opening function of the locking cylinder. If the separating gap T2 formed by all tumbler-counter-tumbler pairs coincides with the separating gap between the rotor 5 and stator 6, the rotor 5 can rotate in the stator 6 and the rotor 5 is unlocked. As long as the separating gap T2 at least one of the locking-counter-locking pairs is located elsewhere, the rotor 5 is locked and cannot be rotated in the stator 6.
  • Tumbler 2 has a first part 2a and a second part 2b, which have a press fit 2p.
  • the second (counter-tumbler side) part 2b can form a shaft 2i and the first (key side) part 2a can form a guide 2j for the shaft 2i, so that the two parts 2a, 2b can be displaced against each other (while maintaining the press fit).
  • the second part 2b which borders on the counter-lock, can be T-shaped or mushroom-shaped and the first part 2a can be sleeve-shaped.
  • the first part 2a has an end 2e, by means of which a key inserted into the locking cylinder is sensed.
  • Fig. 5 to 15 show a perspective view of a locking cylinder 1 in partial section, to illustrate the locking cylinder 1 and its programming. For a clearer illustration, not all reference symbols are used in all of the figures.
  • Fig. 5 illustrates a look inside a generic locking cylinder 1 that has not yet been programmed. The individual parts have already been described. The key opening is marked 1a. All five locking-counter-locking pairs shown still have the same length and are in the same radial position. In the case of locking cylinders for serrated locks, the initial situation can look equivalent. In the case of more complex locking cylinders for reversible keys than the one shown, the length and alignment can be different for different locking-counter-locking pairs.
  • the following only illustrates the case where the locking cylinder is already pre-assembled with locking/counter-locking pairs as well as spring 4 and sleeve 7 before programming. However, this does not necessarily have to be the case.
  • sleeve 7 or sleeve 7 and counter-locking 3 (and springs 4) can alternatively be attached after programming.
  • Fig. 6 illustrates the insertion of a key 10 for which (and by means of which) the locking cylinder 1 is to be programmed.
  • the length of the tumblers 2 is still unchanged, but their radial position changes by inserting the key 10, as can be seen from the separating joints T2, T2'.
  • the stop 1b of the hole in Fig. 6 visible, which causes the locking mechanisms 2 to remain in the locked position when the key 10 is not inserted (cf. Fig. 5 ) do not protrude too far into the key opening.
  • Fig. 7 the key 10 is completely inserted.
  • the length of the tumblers 2 is still unchanged, but their radial position (with respect to the axis of the rotor) is now determined by the coding provided on the key 10, as can be seen from the joints T2, T2'.
  • a tool 9 for programming (programming tool) is shown. It has several mandrels 9a which are attached to a base plate, through which a stop surface 9b is formed.
  • a counter stop 8 for the tool 9 is formed in the example shown by the outer surface of the sleeve 7.
  • Fig. 7 one can also see that the mandrels 9a of the tool are inserted through openings in the housing (here the sleeve 7) and that the coil springs then surround the mandrels; the openings in the housing have a smaller diameter than the Coil springs so that the latter can rest on the inner surface of the housing.
  • the mandrels 9a of the tool 9 are inserted through the sleeve 7 into the stator 6, each extending through the interior of one of the coil springs 4.
  • Fig. 9 symbolizes a force K, by means of which the parts 2a and 2b, which are in mutual press fit, are pushed into each other. This leads to the Fig. 9 noticeable shortening of the length of tumblers 2.
  • Fig. 13 The situation is illustrated when the key 10 has been turned a little after the actual programming. The locking-counter-locking pairs are separated from each other. In Fig. 14 the key is turned a little further and the Rotor 5 is no longer shown in section. In Fig. 15 the key 10 is turned a little further.
  • the programming of the locking cylinder 1 can be done in a very simple yet precise manner, and also the tool 9 used can be an easily manufactured one.
  • the tool or tools therefore do not carry any information about the coding of the locking cylinder.
  • the coding of the locking cylinder is taken over by the key.
  • Fig. 16 shows a schematic view of a two-part tumbler 2, in section.
  • This tumbler 2 corresponds to the one shown in the Figures 3 and 4
  • the first part 2a is sleeve-shaped and forms (through an internal bore) an internal guide 2j for the shaft 2i of the second part 2b, which is T-shaped or mushroom-shaped.
  • the first part 2a further comprises a stop 2c, through which (by interaction with the stop 1b, see Fig. 6 ) the tumbler 2 is held in its bore and the tumbler 2 is prevented from protruding too far into the key opening 1a.
  • Fig. 16 to 19 For the sake of clarity, the first part 2a is shown using wider lines than the second part 2b.
  • the effective locking length of the tumblers 2 is marked with L.
  • FIG. 16 A second position of the second part 2b and the corresponding (shortened) effective locking length L are symbolized by means of dotted lines, as they may be present, for example, after programming the locking cylinder.
  • the tumbler 2 of Fig. 17 is similar to that of Fig. 16 . But in this case, the guidance of the second part 2b in the bore is better, which, however, entails a more complex production of the second part 2b.
  • an inner guide is formed by the second part 2b, while a shaft guided therein is formed by the first part 2a.
  • the wall thickness of the sleeve-shaped second part 2b can be greater, so that the second part 2b can be quite robust. However, this can make it easier to read the code visually.
  • bronze can be chosen for the first part 2a and brass for the second part 2b.
  • Typical dimensions are maximum diameter of the tumblers: between 2 mm and 3 mm and shaft or guide diameter between 1 mm and 1.6 mm, with an oversize (diameter-related) for the press fit of between 0.015 mm and 0.04 mm.
  • Other materials and dimensions are conceivable.
  • FIG. 20 An example of a locking cylinder 1 is shown in Fig. 20 shown in which, as in the following figures, the rotor 5, the stator 6 with tumblers 2 and counter-tumblers 30 are shown in section in the starting position (in which the holes in the rotor and stator are aligned and in which the key can be inserted or removed), whereby for the sake of simplicity the housing on which, for example, springs (not shown in these figures) acting on the outside of the counter-tumbler are supported is not shown. As explained using the above examples, such a housing can have openings for the mandrels of the tool.
  • FIG. 20 The generic, programmable locking cylinder is shown in the initial, unprogrammed configuration and without the key shaft inserted into the key channel 1a.
  • Figures 28 and 29 each show a locking-counter-locking pair with a separation arrangement for a locking cylinder as in Fig. 20 and the following figures, Fig. 29 in an exploded view (wherein the elements 41, 42, 43 of the separation arrangement 40 are drawn next to each other, although they can be designed as separate elements, for example).
  • the locking cylinder 1 has, in addition to the two-part locking devices 2, also two-part counter-locking devices 30, which can be seen in Figures 28 and 29 particularly well.
  • the programmable locking/counter-locking pairs (in Fig. 20 all ten pairs shown are shown as programmable pairs; however, combinations with conventional locking/counter-locking pairs are also conceivable) are constructed as follows: the first part 2a of the locking device has the inner end 2e, which projects into the key channel 1a. On the outside, it has a sleeve-like section forming an outwardly open opening, which forms a guide 2j for the second part 2b.
  • the second part is designed as an inner part, which can be guided inside the sleeve-like section and which, in the initial configuration, is only inserted into the guide 2j with its inner end. Because the dimensions of the first part and the second part are coordinated in such a way that a press fit results, the second part 2b is fixed relative to the first part 2a.
  • the counter-locks 30 also have a third, outer part 30a and a fourth, inner part 30b.
  • the fourth part 30b is guided in the first part 30a, which for this purpose is constructed in the form of a sleeve, with a through-opening.
  • the dimensions of this through-opening are matched to the external dimensions of the fourth part so that a press fit is also produced between these parts.
  • the through-opening of the third part 30a can be widened outwards so that, regardless of the position of the fourth part 30b, an opening 30d limited towards the bottom (in the arrangement according to Fig. 28 a circumferential groove) into which a helical spring of the type described above can engage, which spring rests on the outside against an inner surface of a housing of the type also described above surrounding the stator.
  • the fourth part itself is also sleeve-shaped, with an inner opening 30c running through in the direction of the bore axis.
  • This design is optional and in embodiments serves the purpose of programming a "Master Key System” (MKS), which is explained in more detail below.
  • MKS Master Key System
  • a separation arrangement 40 is provided between the first part 2a and the third part 30a.
  • This arrangement has a plurality of separation elements 41, 42, 43, between each of which a separating gap is formed.
  • the thickness of the separation elements corresponds to the difference provided in the entire locking system between two adjacent possible coding depths of coding bores of the key (which is designed here as a flat key/reversible key; if the invention is implemented with a serrated key, the thickness corresponds to the distance between two adjacent possible coding levels of the serrated profile).
  • the separation elements can be fixed relative to the second part 2b as well as relative to the fourth part 30b, here also by means of a press fit, in that they have a continuous opening whose inner diameter is matched to the outer diameter of the first and fourth parts. Accordingly, after programming, the separation elements can be counted as a locking or counter-locking device, depending on the situation.
  • Fixing the separation elements relative to the locking or counter-locking is not necessary; rather, they can also be arranged loosely relative to the locking/counter-locking, for example, since their function during programming lies in defining the distance between the first and third parts and the position of the separation elements relative to the locking and counter-locking is already defined by the arrangement.
  • the separation elements 41, 42, 43 are designed as perforated disks. Alternatively, they can also initially form a one-piece element with predetermined separation points corresponding to the separation joints. Other geometries, e.g. slotted rings, are also possible; an inside-outside exchange is also not excluded (ie the second and fourth parts are each sleeve-shaped, and the first and third parts as well as the separation arrangement are guided in these sleeves), whereby in the latter case openings for the mandrels of the tool are provided in the (in Figures 20 ff. not shown) housings may need to be adapted and can, for example, be designed in a crescent shape.
  • Fig. 21 shows the lock cylinder Fig. 20 after inserting a key 10.
  • the locking and counter-locking pairs are displaced outwards to varying degrees according to the coding of the key, against the spring force of the springs not shown.
  • the locking cylinder is ready to be programmed according to the coding of the inserted key 10.
  • Fig. 22 shows the programming.
  • a tool 9 with mandrels 9a is positioned relative to the locking cylinder so that the mandrels 9a protrude into the bore and then pressed against the cylinder until a stop surface 9b rests against a corresponding stop surface of the cylinder (in Fig. 22 formed by the outer surface of the stator; alternatively also by a surface of the housing (not shown).
  • the mandrels 9a act on the fourth part, which is pushed further in relative to the hole, unless it is pushed in due to a particularly deep coding hole in the key (as in Fig. 21 at position P1) is already so deep in the bore that the corresponding mandrel 9a cannot reach it at all.
  • the fourth part 30b is displaced inwards relative to the third part by the pressing force and in the process pushes the second part inwards relative to the first part. Due to the contact with the key 10 or the separation arrangement 40, the first and third parts are prevented from being displaced inwards.
  • the length of the mandrels 9a is adapted to the dimension of the fourth part in such a way that when the tool is pushed in as far as it will go, the parting line between the second and fourth part - which forms the parting line between the parting line and the counter-parting line - is aligned with the parting line between the rotor and the stator, which can be seen in Fig. 22 sees well. Since at each coding depth of the coding hole there is a parting line between the separation arrangement 40 and the first 2a or the third part 30b or between elements 41, 42, 43 of the separation arrangement, this is both a sufficient and necessary condition for the rotor 5 to be able to be rotated relative to the stator 6 when the key 10 is inserted.
  • Fig. 22 Two tools 9 are shown, one for each of the coding rows shown. However, it is also obvious that when there are several rows, as is usually the case for flat keys, only one tool is used; the tool is then used sequentially for programming the various rows.
  • the housing surrounding the stator e.g. sleeve; in Fig. 20-27 not shown
  • the housing surrounding the stator has an opening aligned with each bore in the stator, which has a smaller diameter than the bore but a larger diameter than the respective mandrel of the tool, so that a stop surface is formed for the coil spring and the mandrel can still act on the fourth part 30b through this opening.
  • the diameter of the mandrel may be larger than the diameter of the inner opening 30c of the fourth part 30b, but it is smaller than the diameter of the coil spring and the fourth part 30b.
  • Fig. 23 shows the programmed locking cylinder after removing the key 10.
  • the key 10 or a key of the same design must be inserted so that all the joints between the second and fourth elements are positioned accordingly.
  • MKS systems Systems with locking cylinders that can be opened with several different keys are called MKS systems.
  • MKS systems Systems with locking cylinders that can be opened with several different keys.
  • the following are based on the Figures 24-27 Two possibilities are presented which - in addition to the trivial solution of simply omitting the tumbler-counter-tumbler pairs - make locking cylinders according to the invention suitable for MKS systems.
  • Fig. 24 shows a locking cylinder which in the initial configuration is similar to that of Fig. 20 corresponds during programming, in a set-up analogous to Fig. 22 .
  • the tool 9 is constructed in a more complex manner.
  • the mandrels 9a it has a plurality of programming pins 90, which are guided through the tool coaxially with the locking and counter-locking bores and can be guided through the inner opening 30c of the fourth part 30b and through the inner opening of the separation arrangement 40 and can thus act directly on the second part 2b.
  • the tool 9 is equipped with a programming pin 90 per mandrel, but this is optional: if it is known in advance at which position the locking/counter-locking pair is to have several separating joints, it can also be equipped only at those positions.
  • the functions of the mandrels 9a and the programming pins 90 can also be implemented by two different tools that are used one after the other, or the same tool can be used twice in a row, once without programming pins and once with programming pins.
  • the programming pins 90 are adjustable (in the embodiment shown relative to the body and the mandrels 9a of the tool) so that they extend into the holes to different distances and push the second parts 2b inwards to different distances when the tool is guided to the stop 9b. In particular, they can push a second part 2b further inwards than it was pushed by the fourth part 30b through the action of the mandrel 9a, so that in this case the second part is at a defined distance from the fourth part. This can also be seen in Fig. 25 which shows the situation after removing tool 9 and pulling out the key.
  • the distance at position P1 is, for example, two units (one unit is the difference between two adjacent possible defined coding depths of coding holes of the key, corresponding to the distance between two adjacent separating joints of the separation arrangement 40, here corresponding to the thickness of one of the separation elements 41, 42, 43), at position P5 three units, at position P3 one unit, and at positions P2 and P4 there is no distance at all.
  • the separation elements in the gap can optionally remain in the hole of the locking or the counter-locking when the rotor is rotated relative to the stator - similar to a so-called "split pin" as is known in conventional mechanical locking systems with MKS function.
  • the number of separating joints per locking-counter-locking pair is a+1, where a is the distance, measured in the units mentioned.
  • the programming means acting directly on the second part - here programming pins 90 - make it possible to have a locking cylinder which has at least one locking-counter-locking pair which has a plurality of separating joints, as is required for locking systems with MKS function.
  • Fig. 26 shows an alternative approach in which individual pairs of locking and counter locking devices - in the example shown, the two pairs in relation to the key opening on the very inside, ie on the very left in the illustration of Fig. 26 - not programmable, but as pairs of conventional tumblers 22 and Counter-locks 23, with a split pin 24 in between.
  • the split pin 24 - or possibly several split pins per hole pair - can be formed in different thicknesses, as is known per se, and thus have different separating joints corresponding to defined coding depths of the corresponding hole on the key.
  • the structure and programming of the other tumbler-counter-lock pairs is as shown in Fig. 20-23 described.
  • Fig. 27 shows the locking cylinder 1 after programming.
  • the choice of the coding of the key for a locking cylinder is according to Fig. 26 and 27 not freely selectable; rather, the codings are predefined at the positions of the conventional locking/counter-locking pairs, which are generally already equipped by the cylinder manufacturer, whereby, as is known from MKS systems, several different codings fit - depending on the selected locking, counter-locking and split pin(s).
  • the conventional MKS locking/counter-locking pairs can optionally be identical for all locking cylinders in a series of locking cylinders and can thus also be delivered as generic cylinders, but offer an MKS function due to their design.

Landscapes

  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Cylindre de fermeture, présentant un stator (6) et un rotor (5) pouvant tourner dans le stator comportant une ouverture de clé (1a), dans laquelle une clé (10) peut être insérée, ainsi qu'une pluralité de paires arrêts-contre-arrêts, dans lequel au moins l'un des arrêts présente une première et une seconde partie (2a, 2b), qui sont reliées entre elles et dont la position relative peut être adaptée et fixée, présentant un accès pour un outil, à travers lequel l'outil peut agir sur l'arrêt dans un état d'assemblage fine du cylindre de fermeture, dans lequel la première partie (2a) et la seconde partie (2b) sont reliées l'une à l'autre par un ajustement serré et le cylindre de fermeture peut être programmé par l'outil (9), lequel exerce une force de poussée sur le contre-arrêt ou directement sur l'arrêt, pour déplacer la seconde partie par rapport à la première partie, tandis qu'une clé avec un codage souhaité est introduite dans le cylindre et forme une butée côté intérieur pour l'arrêt, laquelle butée dépend du codage, caractérisé en ce que le cylindre de fermeture présente un ressort hélicoïdal (4) associé à l'arrêt et au contre-arrêt ainsi qu'un boîtier (7) enveloppant le stator, dans lequel le ressort hélicoïdal (4) est en contact avec une surface interne du boîtier par une extrémité opposée à l'ouverture de clé, et en ce que le boîtier présente une ouverture d'accès, à travers laquelle le mandrin (9a) de l'outil (9) peut être traversé, pour déplacer la seconde partie (2b) par rapport à la première partie (2a), dans lequel, lorsque les première et seconde parties sont emboîtées, le mandrin (9a) de l'outil (9) s'étend à travers au moins une partie du ressort hélicoïdal.
  2. Cylindre de fermeture selon la revendication 1, dans lequel l'accès est formé par une ouverture d'accès par paire arrêt-contre-arrêt avec arrêt en deux parties.
  3. Cylindre de fermeture selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 2, dans lequel une butée destinée à limiter un mouvement de l'arrêt dans l'ouverture de clé est formée par la première partie.
  4. Cylindre de fermeture selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, présentant la combinaison d'une pluralité de paires d'arrêt-contre-arrêt programmables, dans lesquels au moins l'arrêt présente une première partie (2a) et une seconde partie (2b), qui peuvent être amenées dans différentes positions l'une par rapport à l'autre et fixées dans ces positions, comportant au moins une paire d'arrêt-contre-arrêt MKS, dans lesquels l'arrêt (22) et le contre-arrêt (23) présentent chacun une longueur prédéterminée et dans lesquels il existe au moins une goupille fendue (24) entre l'arrêt (22) et le contre-arrêt (23).
  5. Appareil, comprenant un cylindre de fermeture selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4 ainsi qu'un outil (9), qui présente une surface de butée et au moins un mandrin (9a) faisant saillie de la surface de butée, en particulier, dans lequel l'outil présente plusieurs mandrins, qui font saillie de la surface de butée pour exercer la force de poussée, en particulier dans lequel l'outil présente plusieurs mandrins (9a), qui font saillie de la même distance de la surface de butée.
  6. Procédé de programmation d'un cylindre de fermeture selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, présentant un stator et un rotor pouvant tourner dans le stator comportant une ouverture de clé, dans laquelle une clé peut être insérée, et présentant en outre au moins un arrêt, qui présente une première et une seconde partie, qui sont reliées entre elles par un ajustement serré et dont la position relative peut être adaptée et fixée, dans lequel, lorsque la clé est introduite dans l'ouverture de clé, une longueur de l'arrêt efficace pour la fermeture est modifiée par l'emboîtement de la première et de la seconde partie au moyen d'un outil, lequel outil, dans l'état assemblé du cylindre de fermeture, exerce une force de poussée par un accès sur le contre-arrêt ou directement sur l'arrêt, et dans lequel, lors de l'emboîtement, la clé sert de contre-butée pour la première partie, de telle sorte que la position axiale de la première partie par rapport à un axe d'alésage d'un alésage dans le rotor, dans lequel l'arrêt est guidé, dépend d'un codage de la clé.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel l'emboîtement de la première et de la seconde partie est réalisé au moyen de l'outil (9), qui présente une surface de butée (9b) et un mandrin (9a) faisant saillie de la surface de butée, dans lequel le mandrin (9a) est guidé dans le stator, jusqu'à ce que la surface de butée soit en contact avec une contre-butée et qu'une force soit exercée par le mandrin sur la seconde partie, par laquelle l'emboîtement est provoqué.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 6 ou 7, dans lequel le mandrin (9a) est guidé à travers une ouverture d'accès dans un boîtier entourant le stator.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 8, dans lequel le cylindre de fermeture présente un contre-arrêt (3, 30) associé à l'arrêt et un ressort hélicoïdal (4) associé à l'arrêt et au contre-arrêt, dans lequel, lorsque les première et seconde parties sont emboîtées, le mandrin (9a) s'étend à travers au moins une partie du ressort hélicoïdal.
EP16709960.5A 2015-03-09 2016-03-09 Cylindre de fermeture programmable Active EP3268559B1 (fr)

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CH00321/15A CH710832A1 (de) 2015-03-09 2015-03-09 Programmierbarer Schliesszylinder.
PCT/CH2016/000044 WO2016141496A1 (fr) 2015-03-09 2016-03-09 Cylindre de fermeture programmable

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EP23175689.1A Division EP4234853B1 (fr) 2015-03-09 2016-03-09 Cylindre de fermeture programmable
EP23175689.1A Division-Into EP4234853B1 (fr) 2015-03-09 2016-03-09 Cylindre de fermeture programmable

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US (1) US10487540B2 (fr)
EP (2) EP4234853B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6814152B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN107438691B (fr)
AU (1) AU2016228881B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR112017019231B1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2977694C (fr)
CH (1) CH710832A1 (fr)
HK (1) HK1243753A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2017011474A (fr)
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CH715834A1 (de) * 2019-02-12 2020-08-14 Dormakaba Schweiz Ag Programmierbarer Schliesszylinder.
CH719611A1 (de) * 2022-04-14 2023-10-31 Dormakaba Schweiz Ag Schlüsselelement, Schliesszylinder, Schliesssystem und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Schlüsselelements.

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2016228881B2 (en) 2021-05-06
EP3268559A1 (fr) 2018-01-17
MX2017011474A (es) 2018-04-24
JP6814152B2 (ja) 2021-01-13
CH710832A1 (de) 2016-09-15
EP4234853A2 (fr) 2023-08-30
WO2016141496A1 (fr) 2016-09-15
US20180058100A1 (en) 2018-03-01
JP2018507970A (ja) 2018-03-22
RU2017132525A3 (fr) 2019-05-31
CN107438691B (zh) 2019-11-01
AU2016228881A1 (en) 2017-08-10
US10487540B2 (en) 2019-11-26
CN107438691A (zh) 2017-12-05
EP4234853B1 (fr) 2025-01-22
BR112017019231A2 (pt) 2018-04-24
CA2977694C (fr) 2023-06-20
EP4234853A9 (fr) 2023-11-01
EP4234853A3 (fr) 2023-10-25
BR112017019231B1 (pt) 2022-10-11
CA2977694A1 (fr) 2016-09-15
RU2017132525A (ru) 2019-04-10
EP4234853C0 (fr) 2025-01-22
HK1243753A1 (zh) 2018-07-20
EP3268559C0 (fr) 2024-12-11

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