EP3447930B1 - Frequenzanpassung eines nfc-schaltkreises - Google Patents

Frequenzanpassung eines nfc-schaltkreises Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3447930B1
EP3447930B1 EP18188094.9A EP18188094A EP3447930B1 EP 3447930 B1 EP3447930 B1 EP 3447930B1 EP 18188094 A EP18188094 A EP 18188094A EP 3447930 B1 EP3447930 B1 EP 3447930B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit
standby
ptic
battery
terminal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP18188094.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3447930A1 (de
Inventor
Alexandre Tramoni
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STMicroelectronics Rousset SAS
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STMicroelectronics Rousset SAS
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Publication of EP3447930A1 publication Critical patent/EP3447930A1/de
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/22—Capacitive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03B—GENERATION OF OSCILLATIONS, DIRECTLY OR BY FREQUENCY-CHANGING, BY CIRCUITS EMPLOYING ACTIVE ELEMENTS WHICH OPERATE IN A NON-SWITCHING MANNER; GENERATION OF NOISE BY SUCH CIRCUITS
    • H03B5/00—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input
    • H03B5/18—Generation of oscillations using amplifier with regenerative feedback from output to input with frequency-determining element comprising distributed inductance and capacitance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling
    • H04B5/26—Inductive coupling using coils
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/40—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by components specially adapted for near-field transmission
    • H04B5/45—Transponders
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/77—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for interrogation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/20—Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems characterised by the transmission technique; characterised by the transmission medium
    • H04B5/24—Inductive coupling

Definitions

  • the present description generally relates to electronic circuits and, more particularly, to electromagnetic transponders or electronic tags (TAG).
  • TAG electromagnetic transponders or electronic tags
  • the present description applies more particularly to electronic devices incorporating a Near Field Communication (NFC) circuit and the frequency adjustment of the oscillating circuit of such devices.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • Electromagnetic transponder communication systems are becoming increasingly common, particularly since the development of Near Field Communication (NFC) technologies.
  • NFC Near Field Communication
  • the resonant frequency of an oscillating circuit of the device sensing a field is generally adjusted by means of capacitive elements of adjustable value.
  • the same NFC device can operate in card mode or in reader mode (for example in the case of near-field communication between two mobile phones). It is then common for the devices to be powered by batteries and for their functions and circuits to be put on standby so as not to consume energy between periods of use.
  • the devices must then be "woken up” when they are within range of one another. Field detection must still operate in sleep mode.
  • the document WO-2011/079599 discloses an antenna matching circuit and a method for enabling NFC communication.
  • the document AT-A-2007/214347 discloses a circuit for an antenna tuning system using a non-volatile memory and a start circuit in passive RFID systems.
  • One embodiment aims to reduce all or part of the disadvantages of known techniques for adjusting the resonance frequency of an oscillating circuit of an NFC device.
  • One embodiment aims to propose a solution more particularly adapted to a standby mode operation.
  • an embodiment provides a near-field communication circuit comprising an oscillating circuit whose controllable capacitance is controlled by elements of the circuit, powered by a battery when the circuit is in standby.
  • the circuit comprises a controllable resistive divider bridge fed by the battery and whose output controls the controllable capacity.
  • the capacity is controlled from a stored information representative of the agreement frequency of the oscillating circuit from a measurement made before the circuit is put to sleep.
  • the bridge is controlled according to said information.
  • the resistive bridge is controlled by a latch circuit powered by the battery.
  • said information is stored in a register whose bit states condition the states provided by the flip-flop.
  • said information is obtained from an analysis of the amplitude and the phase of the signal at the terminals of the oscillating circuit.
  • One embodiment relates to a method for controlling a controllable capacity of an oscillating circuit of a near-field communication circuit, wherein the capacity is controlled during idle periods of the near-field communication circuit as a function of measured information before the circuit is in standby.
  • One embodiment provides a mobile communication device including a near-field communication circuit.
  • the figure 1 is a very schematic and block representation of an exemplary near-field communication system of the type to which, by way of example, embodiments which will be described will be applied.
  • NFC DEV1 and 2 are capable of communicating by electromagnetic coupling in the near field.
  • one of the devices operates in said reader mode while the other operates in said card mode, or both devices communicate in peer-to-peer (P2P) mode.
  • P2P peer-to-peer
  • Each device comprises various electronic circuits, among which a circuit constituting a near-field communication interface, or NFC interface, between the NFC device and the outside. This interface is used inter alia, in drive mode, to generate a radiofrequency signal transmitted using an antenna and, in card mode, to decode a radio frequency signal captured. The radio frequency field generated by one of the devices is picked up by the other device that is in range and which also has an antenna.
  • the NFC interfaces include oscillating circuits which are generally equipped with variable capacitors in order to improve the communication by correcting any drifts of the normalized resonance frequency (typically 13.56 MHz).
  • the capacity which equips this oscillating circuit is generally a capacity whose adjustment of the value is controlled in tension. It may be a network of switchable capabilities in parallel or an integrated controllable capability PTIC (Programmable Integrated Capacitor).
  • the command comes from an NFC circuit of the interface and is usually analog using a digital-to-analog converter.
  • the NFC circuit measures the amplitude and phase across the oscillating circuit.
  • a microcontroller integrated in the NFC circuit deduces the tuning frequency of the oscillating circuit and generates a digital control, converted by a digital-to-analog converter, to apply an analog signal to the control terminal of the PTIC capability.
  • the figure 2 is a diagram partially illustrating a circuit embodiment of a near-field communication device.
  • an NFC interface comprises at least one resonant circuit 3, series and / or parallel.
  • the circuit 3 comprises an inductor L forming an antenna and a capacitive circuit.
  • This capacitive circuit comprises a first capacitor Cs connected in series with the antenna L between input and output terminals 31 and 33 of the resonant circuit 3, a second capacitor Cp connected in parallel with the antenna L between a connection terminal 32 capacitor Cs at the antenna L and the terminal 33, and an adjustable capacitance PTIC voltage controlled in parallel with the capacitor Cp.
  • the PTIC capability replaces the capacitor Cp.
  • the same resonant circuit 3 is used for transmission and reception.
  • the terminals 31 and 33 are connected to RFI1 and RFI2 input terminals of a radio frequency reception channel of an NFC circuit 5 and to RFO1 and RFO2 output terminals of a radio frequency transmission channel.
  • circuit 5 through various circuits 4 (impedance adapters, switches, couplers, transformer mode change or balun, etc.).
  • each terminal RFO1, RFO2 is connected, by an LC filter, to one of the terminals of a first winding of a mode change transformer 42 (Balun) whose terminals of a second winding are connected to the terminals 31 and 33.
  • Each LC filter comprises an inductance L0, respectively L1, between the RFO1 terminal, respectively RFO2, and the balun 42, and a capacitor C0, respectively C1, between the balun and ground.
  • each RFI1 RFI2 terminal is connected to the balun by a resistor, respectively R0 or R1, to form a receiving RC filter with the capacitor C0 or C1.
  • the PTIC capacitance is controlled by an analog signal (a voltage) supplied by the circuit 5 (terminal DACout) which is a function of an evaluation of the coupling, for example by analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the signal at the terminals of the 'antenna.
  • a voltage supplied by the circuit 5 (terminal DACout) which is a function of an evaluation of the coupling, for example by analyzing the amplitude and the phase of the signal at the terminals of the 'antenna.
  • the device comprises two antennas respectively transmitting and receiving.
  • Each transmission chain (transmission or reception) then comprises the required elements between the antenna and the circuit 5 or its equivalent.
  • the circuit 5 of course includes other terminals among which terminals 52 and 54 for connection to a battery (VBAT voltage) of the NFC device, in particular for operation in reader mode, terminals for connection to communication buses (data, addresses, commands) internal to the NFC device, etc.
  • a battery VBAT voltage
  • terminals for connection to communication buses data, addresses, commands
  • the NFC interface circuitry (including circuit 5) is generally disconnected from the battery during periods when the NFC device is idle. Furthermore, when operating in card mode, the circuit 5 can extract the power required for its operation of the electromagnetic field in which it is located. In practice, in the applications covered by this description, when an NFC device is not in communication, it is switched to standby mode in order to reduce the energy consumed. In this case, the setting of the tuning frequency by the circuit 5 can not take place and the circuit 5 may not be woken up in the presence of a field.
  • the adjustment takes place once the circuit wake up. This fulfills the purpose during the communication.
  • it would be desirable to continue to adjust the tuning frequency of the oscillating circuit which can vary, so not negligible, depending on environmental conditions (nearby object, user's hand, etc.). This is not compatible with a low power mode since it would require to leave on the microcontroller, the digital to analog converter, etc.
  • a difficulty lies in the fact that the energy recovered in order to wake up an NFC device depends on the coupling effected with the transmitting device.
  • the coupling factor depends on several parameters among which the distance between the two devices, but also a disagreement between the two NFC interfaces (their oscillating circuits).
  • the NFC interface tuning frequency is 13.56 MHz.
  • the energy it extracts from the field radiated by the other NFC device may be too low to wake up.
  • the circuits required for tuning the tuning are powered, at least during the periods of standby, by the battery of the device.
  • the agreement can be adapted.
  • the resistive network is, at least when the circuit is in standby, powered by the battery.
  • the control of the resistive network is made from a simplified control circuit integrated in the NFC interface, but which is distinct from its microcontroller.
  • the figure 3 represents an embodiment of an NFC interface equipped with a simplified control circuit 7.
  • variable capacitance PTIC of the oscillating circuit and the control circuit 7 have been represented, and the other circuits of the NFC interface are similar to those described in connection with FIG. figure 2 .
  • the interface comprises a microcontroller, the various circuits 4, etc.
  • the circuit 7 comprises a multiple resistive divider bridge 71, between the terminals 52 and 54 for applying the voltage VBAT comprising, for example, a resistor R between the terminal 52 and a terminal output terminal 73 of the bridge, connected to the terminal for controlling the capacitance PTIC, and n resistors R1, R2, ..., Rn, respectively in series with n switches K1, K2,..., Kn, between the terminal 73 and the ground 54.
  • the n switches K are individually controlled by a circuit 75 of latches (LATCH), powered by the voltage VBAT.
  • the flip-flops 75 are, for example, of the RS type and receive, on their setting inputs, bits of a word of a register 77 (REG). If necessary, a level shifter circuit 79 (LS) is interposed between the output of the register and the circuit 75.
  • the reset inputs of the flip-flops receive a signal CT indicative of a standby (or non-standby) state of the interface.
  • the switches K are open and the capacitance PTIC is not controlled by the resistive bridge 71.
  • the usual circuits such as measurement circuits and the digital-to-analog converter providing an analogue signal on the DACout terminal ( figure 2 ).
  • CT the digital-to-analog converter
  • the switches K are controlled according to the bits of the register 77 in order to put more or less resistors R in parallel.
  • the circuit 7 is integrated in the circuit 5 of the figure 2 it can be considered that the DACout output provides the output of the analog-to-digital converter powered out of the standby periods and the output 73 of the resistive bridge during the idle periods.
  • the contents of the register 77 are updated, preferably before each standby, from an analysis, by a circuit 56 (MAG PHA), the amplitude and the phase of the signal present on the RFI terminals.
  • This circuit 56 is, in itself, customary and corresponds, for example, to that used by the digital-to-analog converter. It is assumed for this that the circuit is intended to be put on standby at each end of communication.
  • the register 77 is updated periodically, preferably every measurement made by the circuit 56 out of standby periods.
  • the register serves as an input register for the digital-to-analog converter.
  • the register 77, its reading circuit (not shown) and the circuit 79 are powered by a voltage V which, in the standby period corresponds to the voltage VBAT and which, outside the standby periods, is not modified with respect to a usual NFC interface, that is to say, corresponds to the VBAT voltage in reader mode and to the voltage extracted from the field captured in card mode.
  • the circuit 56 can remain powered by the energy taken from the captured field, because it is not used in standby mode.
  • the other circuits of the NFC interface are preferably not modified.
  • the interface always includes a digital-to-analog converter providing a reference signal to the PTIC capacitor when the interface is active (outside periods Eve). If necessary, this converter reuses the register 77 and the circuit 79.
  • An advantage of the embodiments described is that they make it possible to adjust the tuning of the resonant circuit of the NFC interface even during the periods of standby.
  • Another advantage of the embodiments described is that they allow to have, in the waking periods, a tuning adjustment corresponding to the last measured chord, which improves the detection of the field.
  • Another advantage of the embodiments described is that they do not modify the communication protocols between the devices.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Nahfeldkommunikationsschaltung, aufweisend einen Schwingkreis (3) mit einem steuerbaren Kondensator (PTIC), der durch Schaltungselemente gesteuert wird, wenn sich die Schaltung im Standby-Modus befindet, wobei die Elemente von einer Batterie mit Leistung versorgt werden.
  2. Die Schaltung nach Anspruch 1, aufweisend eine steuerbare Widerstands-Teilerbrücke (71), die von der Batterie mit Leistung versorgt wird und einen Ausgang aufweist, der den steuerbaren Kondensator (PTIC) steuert.
  3. Schaltung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei der Kondensator (PTIC) basierend auf gespeicherten Daten gesteuert wird, die repräsentativ sind für die Frequenzabstimmung des Schwingkreises basierend auf einer Messung, die durchgeführt wird, bevor die Schaltung in den Standby-Modus versetzt wird.
  4. Die Schaltung nach Anspruch 3, wobei die Brücke (71) gemäß den Daten gesteuert wird.
  5. Schaltung nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, wobei die Widerstandsbrücke (71) durch eine von der Batterie mit Leistung versorgte Latch-Schaltung (75) gesteuert wird.
  6. Die Schaltung nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Daten in einem Register (77) gespeichert sind, wobei die Zustände seiner Bits die von dem Latch (75) gelieferten Zustände konditionieren.
  7. Schaltung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, wobei die Daten aus einer Analyse der Amplitude und der Phase des Signals über den Schwingkreis (3) erhalten werden.
  8. Schaltung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, wobei die Brücke (71) Folgendes aufweist:
    einen ersten Widerstand (R), der verbunden ist zwischen einem ersten Anschluss (52) zum Anlegen einer von der Batterie gelieferten Spannung (VBAT) und einem Ausgangsanschluss (73), der mit einem Steueranschluss des steuerbaren Kondensators (PTIC) verbunden ist; und
    zweite Widerstände (R1, R2, ...., Rn), die jeweils in Reihe geschaltet sind mit einem Schalter (K1, K2, ...., Kn) zwischen dem Ausgangsanschluss und einem zweiten Anschluss zum Anlegen der von der Batterie gelieferten Spannung.
  9. Verfahren zum Steuern eines steuerbaren Kondensators (PTIC) eines Schwingkreises (3) einer Nahfeldkommunikationsschaltung, wobei der Kondensator während Standby-Perioden der Nahfeldkommunikationsschaltung anhand von Daten gesteuert wird, die vor dem Standby-Betrieb der Schaltung gemessenen wurden.
  10. Mobile Kommunikationsvorrichtung, die die Schaltung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8 aufweist.
EP18188094.9A 2017-08-25 2018-08-08 Frequenzanpassung eines nfc-schaltkreises Active EP3447930B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1757883A FR3070561A1 (fr) 2017-08-25 2017-08-25 Ajustement en frequence d'un circuit nfc

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3447930A1 EP3447930A1 (de) 2019-02-27
EP3447930B1 true EP3447930B1 (de) 2019-10-09

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US (2) US10454530B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3447930B1 (de)
CN (2) CN109428629B (de)
FR (1) FR3070561A1 (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3070561A1 (fr) * 2017-08-25 2019-03-01 Stmicroelectronics (Rousset) Sas Ajustement en frequence d'un circuit nfc
CN110958624B (zh) * 2019-11-29 2023-05-23 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 一种近场通信设备的测试方法、装置、设备及存储介质
US11423275B2 (en) * 2019-12-06 2022-08-23 Qatar Foundation For Education, Science And Community Development Passive RFID tag with embedded sensor interface
FR3114724B1 (fr) * 2020-09-30 2023-11-10 St Microelectronics Rousset Dispositif et procédé de communication en champ proche
FR3116167B1 (fr) * 2020-11-12 2024-04-19 St Microelectronics Rousset Ajustement d’un instant d’activation d’un circuit
CN116781111B (zh) * 2022-03-16 2025-12-02 意法半导体法国公司 Nfc模块供电

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AU2007214347B2 (en) * 2007-08-31 2012-02-23 Silicon Craft Technology Co., Ltd Circuit arrangement for an antenna tuning system using a non-volatile memory and a voltage bootstrapping circuit in passive RFID systems
CN102118175B (zh) * 2009-12-30 2015-01-28 中兴通讯股份有限公司 天线匹配电路及近距离无线通信的实现方法
WO2013062031A1 (ja) * 2011-10-26 2013-05-02 株式会社村田製作所 通信回路
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WO2016007912A1 (en) * 2014-07-10 2016-01-14 Perryman Laura Tyler Circuit for an implantable device
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KR102440975B1 (ko) * 2016-01-21 2022-09-07 삼성전자주식회사 전자 장치 및 전자 장치에서 근거리 무선 통신을 위한 방법
FR3070561A1 (fr) * 2017-08-25 2019-03-01 Stmicroelectronics (Rousset) Sas Ajustement en frequence d'un circuit nfc

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN208479639U (zh) 2019-02-05
FR3070561A1 (fr) 2019-03-01
EP3447930A1 (de) 2019-02-27
US20190386706A1 (en) 2019-12-19
US10686495B2 (en) 2020-06-16
CN109428629B (zh) 2023-03-24
CN109428629A (zh) 2019-03-05
US10454530B2 (en) 2019-10-22
US20190068245A1 (en) 2019-02-28

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