EP3478024B1 - Enclenchement d'une charge calorifique - Google Patents

Enclenchement d'une charge calorifique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3478024B1
EP3478024B1 EP17198495.8A EP17198495A EP3478024B1 EP 3478024 B1 EP3478024 B1 EP 3478024B1 EP 17198495 A EP17198495 A EP 17198495A EP 3478024 B1 EP3478024 B1 EP 3478024B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
load
phase control
current
switch
fuse
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP17198495.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3478024A1 (fr
Inventor
Axel Haase
Philipp Zinn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to EP17198495.8A priority Critical patent/EP3478024B1/fr
Priority to CN201811072676.6A priority patent/CN109709398B/zh
Priority to US16/162,702 priority patent/US20190132912A1/en
Publication of EP3478024A1 publication Critical patent/EP3478024A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3478024B1 publication Critical patent/EP3478024B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/02—Details
    • H05B7/144—Power supplies specially adapted for heating by electric discharge; Automatic control of power, e.g. by positioning of electrodes
    • H05B7/148—Automatic control of power
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/023—Industrial applications
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC
    • G05F1/40—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices
    • G05F1/44—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices semiconductor devices only
    • G05F1/45—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices semiconductor devices only being controlled rectifiers in series with the load
    • G05F1/455—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using discharge tubes or semiconductor devices as final control devices semiconductor devices only being controlled rectifiers in series with the load with phase control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0019—Circuit arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for switching on a heating load, the heating load being controllable by means of a phase control method.
  • the leading edge is characterized by a leading angle.
  • the invention also relates to a heating control system for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • Such a method is used in particular in industrial heating processes, e.g. for curing paints and tempering workpieces, in the automotive industry or in the plastics processing industry.
  • radiant heaters are used there, the cold start characteristics of which result in very high currents.
  • radiant heaters with PTC thermistor characteristics can be mentioned, e.g. tungsten-halogen lamps.
  • PTC thermistor characteristics can be mentioned, e.g. tungsten-halogen lamps.
  • the lead angle is the angle that describes the portion of a half-wave with a duration of 180 ° that hits a load.
  • the lead angle is also referred to as the firing angle, especially with thyristors or triacs.
  • phase control method which could be used in the same way as the phase control method, with the difference that the half-wave is cut off at the end and not at the beginning.
  • the U.S. 4,011,430 A shows an electric multi-zone oven in which several heating elements are each controlled by a thyrister circuit.
  • the object of the present invention is to enable an efficient cold start with any heating loads.
  • the definable initial lead angle should be selected so that conclusions can be drawn about the current resistance of the heating load on the basis of the current resulting therefrom.
  • the resistance of the heating load does not have to be calculated yourself, but the current can be used as a substitute.
  • This current it is possible to determine and / or calculate the load that is possible for the following lead angles in order to enable the most effective and quick switch-on process possible without overloading the system or any fuses. It is advisable to choose the largest possible initial lead angle, as this avoids an excessive current.
  • An effective current can be, for example, the RMS value of the current over a half-wave or over several half-waves.
  • I. N + 1 I. setN + 1 2 ⁇ t N + t N + 1 - I. N 2 ⁇ t N t N + 1
  • the equation is to be seen as a possible embodiment and can be simplified by empirical values or stored entirely as a lookup table, e.g. for various fuses or general heating load types.
  • the predefinable switch-on current profile specifies a current profile that results in increasing effective currents that can be determined based on boundary conditions.
  • boundary conditions The cold start characteristics of a heater and a maximum load capacity of a fuse come into question here as boundary conditions.
  • the present method can thus be carried out particularly advantageously, since the heating load is often present, for example, as a tungsten-halogen radiator and therefore shows a pronounced PTC resistor behavior. This means that when the heater or the heating load is switched on for the first time, very large currents can arise, the present method enabling the heating load to be started as quickly as possible without further configuration.
  • the initial lead angle is at least 60 °, 90 ° or 120 °.
  • the larger the lead angle the lower the proportion of the half-wave that hits the heating load. In other words, the larger the lead angle, the lower the resulting current.
  • This particularly conservative design prevents the maximum load capacity of a fuse or the entire system from being exceeded when the heating load is switched on for the first time becomes. The chamfer angles that follow can thus be determined from the first determined approximation of the behavior of the heating load.
  • the following lead angles can be calculated and / or determined from the determined effective current, but this can also be done, for example, by means of a look-up table using measured values.
  • the initial lead angle is selected as a function of a temperature of the heating load. This has the advantage that already preheated heating loads can be started even faster. Switching on a somewhat cooled down heating load is also made easier. In the case of a PTC thermistor, the warmer it is, the more current can be initially given directly to the PTC thermistor. A less conservative choice of the first initial lead angle is therefore necessary.
  • the predefinable inrush current curve does not exceed a characteristic of a fuse.
  • the aim of the fastest possible switch-on process is to provide the maximum current while maintaining the integrity of the system. If the predeterminable inrush current curve is now adjusted based on the characteristic curve of the fuse, it is ensured that the fuse survives the switch-on process undamaged, and thus the integrity of the system is ensured.
  • the fuse can be a single fuse in a power output, but it is also conceivable that the fuse is a higher-level fuse.
  • predefinable inrush current curve does not fall below a predefinable minimum distance from a characteristic curve of a fuse. This ensures that the fuse remains intact and a reserve can be provided for special cases, e.g. overload cases.
  • the switch-on that is to say the switch-on process, is ended when a cutting angle of 50 ° or less has been reached. If a full wave or almost a full wave can be switched, it can be assumed that the operating temperature of the heating element has been reached and can now be used with a different control method, e.g. half-wave control.
  • switching on is ended when a lead angle has been reached that is smaller than an angle specified by the control for operation after the switching on process. If phase-angle control continues to be used after switching on, the method for switching on a heating load can be terminated when the method can already provide higher currents than would be required by the control. This is expressed, for example, by falling below a target value for a required lead angle.
  • the heating load is controlled by means of a half-wave control after switching on.
  • Other common alternative control types are also conceivable.
  • the method for switching on a heating load is carried out again when a definable cooling time is exceeded. This makes it possible to always activate or switch on the heating load optimally and quickly, even with only sporadically used heating loads.
  • the method is carried out again each time the heating load is switched on. Since the method according to the invention can be carried out extremely efficiently and quickly, every switch-on process of the heating load can be carried out with the method. This further increases the reliability and security of the system.
  • a heating control system having a power section and a controller, the power section being designed to control a heating load by means of a phase angle, the phase angle being characterized by the angle of the chamfer, and the controller controlling the power element in such a way that the heating load is controlled by a definable initial Lead angle is switched on and the following lead angle is determined taking into account a determined effective current and a predefinable switch-on current curve.
  • FIG 1 shows a schematic circuit diagram of a power channel, as it could be used with the method according to the invention.
  • the central component is a switch T1, which is designed here as a triac, for example, thyristors or other power semiconductors are also conceivable.
  • a switch T2 can also be seen, which is designed here as an opto-triac and is used for galvanic decoupling of the power channel from a controller CTRL.
  • the input voltage U IN is shown, which can be measured by means of a first voltage measuring device MU1, and then a fuse FUSE, which protects the power channel.
  • the current flowing through the first switch T1 is measured in the current measuring device MI.
  • An output of the power channel OUT is provided with a second voltage measuring device MU2, with a heating load LOAD being applied to the output OUT of the power channel is connected.
  • the voltage measuring devices MU1, MU2 are not necessary for the method according to the invention. These have been shown for the sake of completeness and can, for example, be used for an additional plausibility check of the method and for further functionalities.
  • the opto-triac T2 ignites and the triac T1 is also ignited.
  • the load OUT is then subjected to the input voltage U IN and a current that is established according to the current resistance of the load LOAD flows.
  • the current measuring device MI can be designed as a Hall sensor and provide current measured values.
  • the first voltage measuring device MU1 is used to measure the input voltage U IN
  • the voltage measuring device MU2 is used to measure the voltage across the load.
  • the control CTRL can perform a phase control or phase control, as well as other known methods, for example PWM or modifications.
  • the fuse FUSE can be, for example, a fuse that has a corresponding fuse characteristic, as in FIG 3 has shown. Fuse manufacturers often specify so-called time-current characteristics, from which it can be read off how long a certain current rms value can flow on average before the fuse trips.
  • FIG 2 shows the relationship between the lead angle ⁇ and the effective value I EFF of the current over a half-wave HW.
  • a normalized power in percent% is plotted on the vertical axis, both diagrams extend over half a period from 0 ° to 180 °.
  • the amplitude AMP is plotted, which here also ranges from 0 to 1, standardized.
  • the actual current I EFF and the corresponding power P can be seen in the upper diagram.
  • a corresponding half-wave for example the voltage half-wave HW, can be seen in the lower diagram.
  • a lead angle ⁇ of 120 ° is chosen as an example. One goes assuming that the current follows an ideal sinusoidal shape over time, an effective value of approximately 44% of the effective value I EFF results for the selected ignition angle.
  • FIG 3 shows on the basis of a section of a tripping characteristic FUSE max of a fuse FUSE how a given starting current profile I start is to be approximated and tracked as quickly as possible with the aid of the cutting angles determined by the method.
  • the tripping characteristic shown is a characteristic that plots an effective current I EFF against the melting time T MELT .
  • the inrush current curve Istart has a predetermined distance DIST from the maximum current-time characteristic curve FUSE- max .
  • the distance DIST could be further reduced here by means of a parallel shift in order to achieve an even faster switch-on process. However, this would result in reduced reserves and would therefore have to be taken into account when designing the system.
  • the initial ignition angle ⁇ INIT leads to a low first effective current I EFF so that it can be determined directly after the first ignition which subsequent load is permissible.
  • the current is already brought to the specified inrush current curve with the first lead angle ⁇ 1.
  • the inrush current curve Istart is followed up accordingly and an effective and quick start process is made possible without endangering the fuse FUSE or the power channel or even the entire heating system.
  • the RMS current I rms approaches to each of the other lead angle ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 5 successively to the inrush current I start at. Due to the PTC thermistor characteristics, the resistance of the heating load decreases as the temperature rises and the chamfer angles ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 5 can be adjusted accordingly.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé d'enclenchement d'une charge (LOAD) calorifique, la charge (LOAD) calorifique pouvant être commandée au moyen d'un réglage de phase, dans lequel l'attaque de phase en cours est caractérisée par un angle (ϕ1, ..., ϕn) d'attaque, comprenant les stades :
    • enclenchement de la charge (LOAD) calorifique au moyen d'un angle (ϕINIT) d'attaque initial pouvant être fixé, qui donne un premier courant (IEFF) efficace,
    • détermination de l'angle (ϕ1, ..., ϕn ) d'attaque suivant en tenant compte du premier courant (IEFF) efficace déterminé et d'une courbe (Istart) de courant d'enclenchement pouvant être donnée à l'avance, la courbe (Istart) de courant d'enclenchement pouvant être donnée à l'avance ne dépassant pas une courbe (FUSEmax ) caractéristique d'un fusible (FUSE), dans lequel on calcule et/ou on détermine les angles (ϕ1, ..., ϕ5) d'attaque suivant l'angle (ϕINIT) d'attaque initial à partir du courant (IEFF) efficace déterminé, le courant (IEFF) efficace se rapprochant, successivement avec chacun des autres angles (ϕ1, ..., ϕ5) d'attaque, du courant (Istart) d'enclenchement.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, dans lequel l'angle (ϕINIT) d'attaque initial est d'au moins 90° ou, de préférence, d'au moins 120°.
  3. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on choisit l'angle (ϕINIT) d'attaque initial en fonction d'une température de la charge (LOAD) calorifique.
  4. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel la courbe (Istart) de courant d'enclenchement pouvant être donnée à l'avance n'est pas inférieure à une distance (DIST) minimum pouvant être donnée à l'avance d'une courbe (FUSEmax) caractéristique d'un fusible (FUSE).
  5. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on met fin à l'enclenchement si un angle (ϕ1, ..., ϕn) d'attaque supérieur ou égal à 50° a été atteint.
  6. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on met fin à l'enclenchement si a été atteint un angle (ϕ1, ..., ϕn) d'attaque, qui est plus petit qu'un angle donné à l'avance par la commande (CTRL), pour le fonctionnement après l'opération d'enclenchement.
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on commande la charge (LOAD) calorifique après l'enclenchement au moyen d'une commande à demi-onde.
  8. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on effectue à nouveau le procédé si un temps de refroidissement pouvant être défini de la charge (LOAD) calorifique est dépassé.
  9. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel on effectue à nouveau le procédé à chaque enclenchement de la charge (LOAD) calorifique.
  10. Système de commande d'un chauffage comportant une partie de puissance et une commande,
    dans lequel la partie de puissance est constituée pour commander une charge (LOAD) calorifique au moyen d'un réglage de phase,
    dans lequel le réglage de phase est caractérisé par des angles (ϕ1, ..., ϕn) d'attaque et
    dans lequel la commande de la partie de puissance est commandée de manière à ce que la charge (LOAD) calorifique soit enclenchée au moyen d'un angle (ϕINIT) d'attaque initial pouvant être fixé et
    les angles (ϕ1, ..., ϕn) d'attaque suivants sont déterminés en tenant compte d'un courant (IEFF) efficace déterminé et d'une courbe (Istart) de courant d'enclenchement pouvant être donnée à l'avance, la courbe (Istart) de courant d'enclenchement pouvant être donnée à l'avance ne dépassant pas une courbe (FUSEmax) caractéristique d'un fusible (FUSE).
  11. Système de commande d'un chauffage suivant la revendication 10, pour effectuer un procédé suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9.
EP17198495.8A 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Enclenchement d'une charge calorifique Not-in-force EP3478024B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17198495.8A EP3478024B1 (fr) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Enclenchement d'une charge calorifique
CN201811072676.6A CN109709398B (zh) 2017-10-26 2018-09-14 加热负载的接通
US16/162,702 US20190132912A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2018-10-17 Heating Control System and Method for Switching on a Heating Load

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17198495.8A EP3478024B1 (fr) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Enclenchement d'une charge calorifique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3478024A1 EP3478024A1 (fr) 2019-05-01
EP3478024B1 true EP3478024B1 (fr) 2021-01-27

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EP17198495.8A Not-in-force EP3478024B1 (fr) 2017-10-26 2017-10-26 Enclenchement d'une charge calorifique

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US (1) US20190132912A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3478024B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109709398B (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112084673B (zh) * 2020-09-17 2023-01-31 广西交控智维科技发展有限公司 道岔摩擦电流自动设置方法及装置
EE05857B1 (et) * 2021-04-22 2023-06-15 Soynt Oü Meetod ja seade positiivse temperatuurisõltuvusega koormuse juhtimiseks

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE794139A (fr) * 1972-01-17 1973-07-17 Siemens Ag Dispositif de chauffage electrique d'un barreau semi-conducteur
US4011430A (en) * 1975-05-06 1977-03-08 National Forge Company Multizone electrical furnace methods and apparatus
JPH07229757A (ja) * 1994-02-18 1995-08-29 Canon Inc 信号処理装置、位置検出装置及び駆動装置
US7301291B1 (en) * 2006-10-02 2007-11-27 Osram Sylvania Inc. Power controller having current limited RMS regulated output
CN101212847B (zh) * 2006-12-31 2011-03-30 海尔集团公司 加热控制电路及加热电器
KR101129389B1 (ko) * 2007-05-28 2012-03-26 삼성전자주식회사 교류 전원의 위상 제어 방법 및 장치, 정착기의 발열체제어 방법
CN103314643B (zh) * 2010-12-30 2015-01-28 奇胜澳大利亚有限公司 用于对负载的输出进行可控调光的装置和方法

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Publication number Publication date
CN109709398A (zh) 2019-05-03
CN109709398B (zh) 2021-08-20
US20190132912A1 (en) 2019-05-02
EP3478024A1 (fr) 2019-05-01

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