EP3494585A1 - Appareil de commutation basse tension comprenant un moyen d'assistance de charge de contact electromagnétique - Google Patents

Appareil de commutation basse tension comprenant un moyen d'assistance de charge de contact electromagnétique

Info

Publication number
EP3494585A1
EP3494585A1 EP17742694.7A EP17742694A EP3494585A1 EP 3494585 A1 EP3494585 A1 EP 3494585A1 EP 17742694 A EP17742694 A EP 17742694A EP 3494585 A1 EP3494585 A1 EP 3494585A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact
pole faces
low
shaped
contact load
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17742694.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3494585B1 (fr
Inventor
Ludwig Niebler
Vadzim Kulinovich
Tobias VIEHAUSER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG, Siemens Corp filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP3494585A1 publication Critical patent/EP3494585A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3494585B1 publication Critical patent/EP3494585B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/56—Contact spring sets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/12—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage
    • H01H1/14—Contacts characterised by the manner in which co-operating contacts engage by abutting
    • H01H1/20—Bridging contacts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
    • H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H50/00—Details of electromagnetic relays
    • H01H50/54—Contact arrangements
    • H01H50/546—Contact arrangements for contactors having bridging contacts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a low-voltage switching device with ei ⁇ nem electromagnetic drive with a coil, a fixed yoke and a movable arm relative to the yoke and a contact system of a fixed-positioned Weg Kunststoff GmbH thoroughly constitute a low-voltage switching device with ei ⁇ nem electromagnetic drive with a coil, a fixed yoke and a movable arm relative to the yoke and a contact system of a fixed-positioned Wegmaschinelly and an oppositely arranged movable contact piece carrier, wherein the movable contact piece carrier of a contact load spring is acted upon.
  • the requirement is made to switch electrical currents up to a predetermined height trouble ⁇ free and lead. For this they have a drive which closes the contacts with a predetermined contact ⁇ force, keeps closed and opens again.
  • DE 42 16 080 AI discloses a solution in which, in addition to the current-carrying portion of a contact spring on the side of the mating contact, a ferromagnetic body are arranged at a small distance. In this solution, the magnetic attraction is exploited, the magnetic field of the over the contact current flowing on a ferromagnetic body exerts. Depending on the current, the pressure on the contacts is increased.
  • FR 2 793 090 AI describes a solution in which a U-shaped ferromagnetic element is arranged around the movable switching ⁇ piece around. By the current flow in the bewegli ⁇ chen contact piece, a magnetic flux is induced in said ferromagnetic element, is exerted by the turn tiveschlie- a sequent force on the movable contact piece.
  • a solution to this problem is described in DE 103 43 005 B4.
  • at least two U-shaped ferromagnetic yokes are provided, which are directed counter to the effect of their magnetic forces.
  • a smaller yoke causes a contact load ⁇ increase.
  • a larger yoke causes electrodynamic repulsion of the contacts.
  • the smaller yoke is arranged in the air gap of the larger yoke and closer to the movable contact piece.
  • the effect of the smaller yoke outweighs and thus provides a contact ⁇ load gain. From a certain current strength, the iron circle of the smaller yoke goes into magnetic saturation. From then on, the effect of the larger yoke comes into play and causes a repulsion of the contacts.
  • a contact switching device between at least one fixedly positioned switching piece and a movable switching arm comprises a reinforcing magnetic core, which cooperates with the movable switching arm and a compensation magnetic core which is connected to at least one fixed conductor of the Switching device cooperates.
  • the reinforcing magnetic core and the compensating magnetic core are mounted opposite to each other on a movable base.
  • the compensation magnetic core On the other side of the movable pad acts the compensation magnetic core, which also exerts a force on the movable pad, which is opposed to the force acting through the reinforcing magnetic core.
  • the boost force Up to a certain threshold of the current flowing in the bewegli ⁇ chen shifting electrical current, the boost force is greater than the compensation force. Above this threshold of the current flowing in the movable switching arm, the boosting force is smaller than the compensating force.
  • the reinforcing magnetic core breaks away from the U-shaped magnet part, and the magnetic contact load assist becomes ineffective.
  • the FR 2 829 869 AI has the disadvantage that it requires a complex mechanics to one nen and on the other hand, as well as the DE 103 43 005 B4, that it offers no solution to the Prob ⁇ lem Heidelberg.
  • Arc erosion occurs. This reduces the thickness of the contact pad over the lifetime. This in turn has the consequence that over the life of an electrical
  • the object of the present invention da ⁇ rin to specify a low-voltage switching device with a simple umzu ⁇ settling electromagnetic contact load support. This object is achieved by a low-voltage switching device ⁇ with the features of claim 1.
  • this object is achieved by a low-voltage switching device ⁇ with an electromagnetic drive with a coil, a fixed yoke and a movable arm relative to the yoke and a contact system of a fixed contact piece carrier and an oppositely arranged movable contact piece carrier, wherein the movable contact piece carrier is acted upon by a contact load spring.
  • the invention is characterized in that a first means for electromagnetic contact load support is positioned on the fixedly positioned contact piece carrier.
  • two electromagnetic contact load assisting means are preferably used. These are, on the one hand, a U-shaped ferromagnetic sheet and, on the other hand, a U-shaped spring plate. In both U-shaped ferromagnetic elements in each case a magnetic flux is induced. This causes a relatively high electromagnetic excitation even at small
  • the pole faces Due to the inclination of the pole faces, preferably by 45 ° to the contact-closing-opening direction, a larger path loss due to contact wear. Likewise, tolerances in the assignment of the pole faces to the contacts can thus be compensated.
  • the ferromagnetic, U-shaped U-shaped sheet is mounted such that the im
  • the U-plate has pole faces.
  • End faces and pole faces attached The end faces together with the pole faces form U-shaped sections which protrude around the bridge, the opening of the U facing the fixed contact piece carrier or the U-plate.
  • a magnetic flux is in each case induced in the U-shaped sections on the spring plate.
  • the magnetic fluxes in the U-plate and in the U-shaped section are polarized such that between the pole faces on the U-plate and in the pole faces on the spring plate, a magnetic attraction arises, the pole faces the contact-closing-opening direction at an angle are arranged at about 45 °.
  • the arrangements or geometries of the contact piece carrier, bridge, fixedly positioned contact, movable contact, U-shaped section on the spring plate and U-plate are dimensioned such that in the switched-on state of the low-voltage switching device between the pole faces an air ⁇ gap remains. Due to wear on the contacts, the bridge and the spring plate move closer to the contact piece carrier or U-plate. This has on the one hand to
  • the invention further provides that both the movable Liehe bridge as well as to the fixed contact carrier U-shaped ferromagnetic elements in the form of the spring plate and of the U-sheet are arranged, the pole faces facing each other in the on ⁇ on state and which attract electromagnetically when current flows through the contact piece carrier and the bridge.
  • the geometries of said ferromagnetic elements are associated with the contacts such that an air gap remains between the pole faces when the contacts touch. This air gap between the Polflä ⁇ Chen is still given even if the intended for the life of the low-voltage switchgear contact material is worn out.
  • the opposing pole faces on the spring plate or on the U-plate are not formed perpendicular to the contact-closing-opening direction, but are at an angle of, for example, 45 °.
  • the tables ferromagnetic elements, including the air gap between the pole ⁇ surfaces are so dimensioned that the electromagnetic ⁇ specific contact load support is less than or equal to the contact load, which is applied via the contact spring load.
  • the ferromagnetic elements including the air gap between the pole faces are dimensioned such that the electromagnetic force increase due to the smaller ⁇ the air gap is about the same size as the increase of the repulsive forces between contact piece carrier and bridge due to the decreasing distance.
  • the first means is a U-shaped, ferromagnetic sheet metal sheet with two opposite pole faces and a central region connecting the pole faces.
  • a special embodiment of the inventive concept provides that the pole faces of the U-shaped ferro-magnetic sheet are formed wing-like.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept may be that the firmly positioned
  • Contact piece carrier U-shaped is formed with a first leg and a second leg and a dacasbe ⁇ rich between the first leg and the second leg, wherein the central region of the U-shaped, ferromagnetic sheet rests on the first leg and the wings ⁇ -like pole faces in the direction of the second leg are excluded leads, so that the current flowing in the contact carrier current induced in the U-shaped shaped ferromagnetic sheet has a magnetic flux ⁇ tables.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the invention can provide that a second means for electromagnetic contact load support is positioned between the contact load spring and the movable contact piece carrier.
  • a further advantageous embodiment of the invention can provide that the second means for electromagnetic contact load support is a U-shaped, ferromagnetic spring plate with two opposite legs and a central region connecting the two legs.
  • a special embodiment of the invention may be that in the central region of the U-shaped, ferromagnetic spring plate, a cylindrical projection for receiving turns of the contact load spring is formed.
  • a special embodiment of the invention may consist in that in the opposite direction to the opposite legs of the spring plate mecaniclie ⁇ ing pole faces are formed.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the inventive concept may consist in that the pole faces of the spring plate and the wing-like pole faces of the U-shaped currentlybil- Deten, ferromagnetic sheet are directed toward each other with an air gap between the pole faces.
  • the low-voltage switching device is a contactor or a power switch ⁇ or a Kompaktmotorabzweig.
  • the low-voltage switchgear according to the invention has an electromagnetic drive with a coil, a fixed yoke and a yoke movable relative to the armature and a contact system of two firmly positioned
  • Both the fixedly positioned switch piece carrier and the movable switch piece carrier each have contacts, wherein the contacts of the fixedly positioned switch piece carrier are arranged opposite to the contacts of the movable contact piece carrier.
  • Below the movable contact piece carrier a Kon ⁇ tact load spring is arranged.
  • the fixedly positioned switch carrier are fixed in a fixed housing, the be ⁇ wegliche contact piece carrier and the contact load spring are arranged in a contact carrier.
  • the fixedly positioned contact piece carrier is preferably U-shaped with a first leg, which can be vorzugswei ⁇ se longer than the second leg.
  • the legs are connected to each other via a connection area.
  • a first means for electromagnetic contact load support is preferably positioned on the region of the connecting region.
  • This first means is a U-shaped ferromagnetic sheet having two opposite pole faces and a central region connecting the two pole faces. The central region of the U-shaped ferromagnetic sheet rests on the first leg of the fixedly positioned switch support in the vicinity of the connection region.
  • the Polflä ⁇ chen are preferably designed wing-like and point in the direction of the movable contact piece carrier.
  • the second means for electromagnetic contact load support is a U-shaped ferromagnetic spring plate with two opposing legs and a central region connecting the two legs.
  • a cylindrical protrusion for receiving turns of the contact load spring is preferably formed.
  • opposite pole faces are formed.
  • the pole faces of the spring plate and the wing-like pole faces of the U-shaped ferromagnetic sheet are aligned with each other aligned with an air gap between the Polflä ⁇ Chen.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of components of a low-voltage switching device according to the invention with an electromagnetic drive and a contact system and with the means for electromagnetic contact load assistance;
  • the illustrated components are arranged in a housing, which is not shown here.
  • Fig. 2 is a perspective view of an arrangement of fixedly positioned contact piece carrier, movable
  • Contact carrier and contact load spring including the means for electromagnetic contact load support
  • FIG. 3 shows a side view of the illustration according to FIG. 2;
  • FIG. Figure 4 is a side view of an arrangement of fixed positi ⁇ on jewem contact piece carrier and sheet according to the invention for electromagnetic Kunststoff1astunterstützung.
  • 5 shows a side view of an arrangement comprising a movable contact piece carrier and the spring plate according to the invention;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of an arrangement of movable contact carrier and spring plate according to the invention for electromagnetic contact load support.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view of the sheet according to the invention for electromagnetic contact load support
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a spring plate according to the invention for electromagnetic contact load assistance
  • Fig. 9 in a side view an arrangement of fixed positi ⁇ on jewem contact piece carrier, movable contact piece carrier, contact load spring and the inventive means for electromagnetic contact load support in the form of sheet and spring plate with worn contacts, as they are at the end of life.
  • the low-voltage ⁇ switching device has an electromagnetic drive with a coil 1, a fixed a positioned yoke 2 and the yoke 2 which is movable relative armature 3 on and a contact system with two fixed-position contact carrier 4, and a DA to oppositely disposed movable Weg Suiteträ ⁇ ger 5
  • Both the fixedly positioned contact piece carrier 4 and the movable contact piece carrier 5 each have contacts 6, the contacts 6 being firmly positioned Contact piece carrier 4 are arranged opposite to the contacts 6 of the movable contact piece carrier 5.
  • a Mixlastfe ⁇ 7 is arranged below the movable contact piece carrier 5 .
  • the fixedly positioned contact piece carrier 4 are fixed in a fixed housing, the movable
  • Contact piece carrier 5 and the contact load spring 7 are arranged in a contact carrier 8.
  • the fixed-position contact carrier 4 is preferably U-shaped 10.
  • the legs 9, 10 are connected via a connecting portion 11 connected to each other with a first leg 9, which can be formed preferably longer than the second front ⁇ ⁇ 's angle.
  • a first means for electromagnetic contact load support is preferably positioned in the region of the connection region 11.
  • This first means is a U-shaped ferromagnetic sheet 12 having two opposite pole faces 13 and a central region 14 connecting the two pole faces 13.
  • the central region 14 of the U-shaped ferromagnetic sheet 12 lies on the first leg 9 of the fixedly positioned one Contact piece carrier 4 in the vicinity of the connecting portion 11.
  • the pole faces 13 are preferential as ⁇ wing-like manner and point towards the ⁇ be moveable contact carrier. 5
  • the second means for electromagnetic ⁇ tables contact load support is a U-shaped latest sometimese- ter ferromagnetic spring plate 15 having two opposite legs 16 and a leg 16 interconnecting the two central area.
  • a cylindrical projection for receiving windings of the contact load spring 7 is preferably formed.
  • opposing pole faces 19 formed from ⁇ .
  • the pole faces 19 of the spring plate 15 and the wings gel-like pole faces 13 of the U-shaped ferromagnetic sheet 12 are directed toward one another with an air gap between the pole faces 13, 19.
  • FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of two fixedly positioned
  • FIG. 4 an arrangement of a fixedly positioned contact piece carrier 4 and the sheet 12 according to the invention for electromagnetic contact load support is shown. From this representation, it can be seen that the central region 14 of the U-shaped, ferromagnetic sheet 12 rests on the first leg 9 of the firmly positioned Wegschwerie ⁇ gers 4 in the vicinity of the connecting portion 11.
  • the preferably wing-like pole faces 13 of the Sheet 12 show while in the direction of the second leg 10 of the fixedly positioned contact piece carrier 4, but laterally offset from the contact 6 are arranged. That is, the wing-like pole faces 13 do not point in the direction of the contact 6, but are laterally offset obliquely next to the connecting portion 11 of the fixedly positioned contact piece carrier 4 is formed.
  • FIG. 5 the second means according to the invention for the electromagnetic contact load support in the form of the spring plate 15 is shown.
  • This second means is U-shaped ⁇ formed and ferromagnetic with two opposite pole faces 19 and the two pole faces 19 connecting central region 17th
  • Fig. 6 is an arrangement of a movable contact carrier 5 and the second means for electromagnetic contact load support in the form of a spring plate 15 is shown.
  • the spring plate 15 is U-shaped and has a ferromagnetic magnet with two opposite legs 16 and a central region 17 connecting the two legs 16. The central region 17 rests against the middle region 22 of the movable contact piece carrier 5, the central region 17 of the spring plate 15 abutting the opposite side to the contacts 6 is positioned.
  • the legs 16 of the Federtel ⁇ lers 15 show accordingly away from the contacts 6.
  • opposing Pol ⁇ surfaces 19 are formed. These pole faces 19 point to the side on which the contacts 6 are arranged.
  • first means of the present invention shows for Kon ⁇ clock load support in the form of the sheet 12 with the pole faces 13 and the pole faces 13 connecting central portion 14.
  • Fig. 8 shows the second means for electromagnetic contact load support in the form of the spring plate 15.
  • This second means for electromagnetic Drucklastunterstüt ⁇ tion is U-shaped and ferromagnetic in the form of a spring plate 15 with two opposing legs 16 and the two legs 16 connecting central region 17.
  • In the central region 17 of the U-shaped ferromagnetic spring plate 15 is preferably a cylin ⁇ derförmiger projection 18 for receiving turns of the contact load spring 7 is formed.
  • opposite pole faces 19 are formed.
  • Fig. 9 shows a diagram in which the contacts 6 are ver ⁇ CLOSE. It can also be seen from FIG. 9 that the air gap 20 between the pole faces 13, 19 of the sheet metal 12 and the spring plate 15 is very small in this case.
  • the low-voltage switchgear according to the invention is characterized in that a simple way electromag ⁇ netic contact load support has been integrated in the form of a sheet and a spring plate, which is also to retrofit older Gerä ⁇ te.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Breakers (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de commutation basse tension pourvu d'un entraînement électromagnétique comprenant une bobine (1), une culasse (2) positionnée de manière fixe et un induit (3) mobile par rapport à la culasse (2) ainsi qu'un système de contact constitué d'un support de pièce de commutation (4) positionné de manière fixe et d'un support de pièce de commutation mobile (5) disposé à l'opposé de celui-ci, le support de pièce de commutation mobile (5) étant soumis à l'action d'un ressort de charge de contact (7). L'invention est caractérisée en ce qu'un premier moyen d'assistance de charge de contact électromagnétique est positionné sur le support de pièce de commutation (4) positionné de manière fixe.
EP17742694.7A 2016-09-13 2017-07-12 Appareil de commutation basse tension comprenant un moyen d'assistance de charge de contact electromagnétique Active EP3494585B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016217434.7A DE102016217434B4 (de) 2016-09-13 2016-09-13 Schütz oder Kompaktmotorabzweig mit einer elektromagnetischen Kontaktlastunterstützung
PCT/EP2017/067487 WO2018050309A1 (fr) 2016-09-13 2017-07-12 Appareil de commutation basse tension comprenant un moyen d'assistance de charge de contact electromagnétique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3494585A1 true EP3494585A1 (fr) 2019-06-12
EP3494585B1 EP3494585B1 (fr) 2023-09-06

Family

ID=59384149

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17742694.7A Active EP3494585B1 (fr) 2016-09-13 2017-07-12 Appareil de commutation basse tension comprenant un moyen d'assistance de charge de contact electromagnétique

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11728114B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3494585B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109716471B (fr)
DE (1) DE102016217434B4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018050309A1 (fr)

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4467301A (en) 1982-08-27 1984-08-21 Essex Group, Inc. Electric switch having enhanced fault current capability
DE8228073U1 (de) 1982-10-06 1984-11-08 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Schaltgerät
DE4216080A1 (de) 1992-05-15 1993-11-18 Siemens Ag Kontaktfedersatz zum Schalten hoher elektrischer Ströme
FR2793090B1 (fr) 1999-04-30 2001-07-13 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Dispositif de controle d'energie a prepaiement comportant un relais de type monostable
DE10011985A1 (de) 2000-03-11 2001-09-13 Moeller Gmbh Kontaktsystem für ein Niederspannungsschaltgerät
FR2829869B1 (fr) 2001-09-20 2003-10-31 Schneider Electric Ind Sa Appareil electrique interrupteur muni d'un dispositif de commutation de contact
DE10343005B4 (de) 2003-09-17 2005-10-27 Siemens Ag Schaltgerät sowie Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE102009019826B4 (de) * 2009-05-04 2016-10-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Elektromechanisches Schaltgerät
CN201741636U (zh) * 2010-05-17 2011-02-09 常州市默顿电气有限公司 一种切换电容接触器
WO2012017282A1 (fr) 2010-07-31 2012-02-09 Larsen & Toubro Limited Arrangement des contacts amélioré permettant de résister à un courant de défaut élevé dans un dispositif de commutation à faible tension
JP5856426B2 (ja) 2011-10-07 2016-02-09 富士電機株式会社 接点装置及びこれを使用した電磁接触器
JP5981756B2 (ja) * 2012-04-13 2016-08-31 富士電機機器制御株式会社 電磁接触器
FR3007888B1 (fr) * 2013-06-27 2015-07-17 Schneider Electric Ind Sas Contacteur electrique et procede de commande d'un tel contacteur
KR101545893B1 (ko) * 2014-01-28 2015-08-20 엘에스산전 주식회사 릴레이
EP2960917A1 (fr) 2014-06-25 2015-12-30 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Chambre d'extinction d'arcs électriques pour un appareil de commutation électromagnétique
EP3067909B1 (fr) * 2015-03-11 2017-10-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Unité à curseur de contact pour un interrupteur

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR112019004810A2 (pt) 2019-06-04
WO2018050309A1 (fr) 2018-03-22
DE102016217434B4 (de) 2023-11-16
EP3494585B1 (fr) 2023-09-06
CN109716471B (zh) 2020-06-19
US20210287866A1 (en) 2021-09-16
DE102016217434A1 (de) 2018-03-15
CN109716471A (zh) 2019-05-03
US11728114B2 (en) 2023-08-15

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