EP3736643A1 - Wasserdichtes armbanduhrgehäuse - Google Patents

Wasserdichtes armbanduhrgehäuse Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3736643A1
EP3736643A1 EP19173326.0A EP19173326A EP3736643A1 EP 3736643 A1 EP3736643 A1 EP 3736643A1 EP 19173326 A EP19173326 A EP 19173326A EP 3736643 A1 EP3736643 A1 EP 3736643A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
crystal
watch case
annular
seal
peripheral surface
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP19173326.0A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3736643B1 (de
Inventor
Cédric Kaltenrieder
Gregory Kissling
Yves Winkler
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Omega SA
Original Assignee
Omega SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Omega SA filed Critical Omega SA
Priority to EP19173326.0A priority Critical patent/EP3736643B1/de
Priority to US16/846,811 priority patent/US11768469B2/en
Priority to JP2020075898A priority patent/JP6994075B2/ja
Priority to RU2020115125A priority patent/RU2750662C1/ru
Priority to CN202010377805.3A priority patent/CN111913384B/zh
Publication of EP3736643A1 publication Critical patent/EP3736643A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3736643B1 publication Critical patent/EP3736643B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B39/00—Watch crystals; Fastening or sealing of crystals; Clock glasses
    • G04B39/02—Sealing crystals or glasses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B39/00—Watch crystals; Fastening or sealing of crystals; Clock glasses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/0008—Cases for pocket watches and wrist watches
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/08—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/08—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits
    • G04B37/084—Complete encasings for wrist or pocket watches without means for hermetic sealing of winding stem or crown
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B37/00—Cases
    • G04B37/08—Hermetic sealing of openings, joints, passages or slits
    • G04B37/088—Means affording hermetic sealing inside the case, e.g. protective case for the clockwork against dust, the escapement being in a hermetically sealed case
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B39/00—Watch crystals; Fastening or sealing of crystals; Clock glasses
    • G04B39/02—Sealing crystals or glasses
    • G04B39/025—Sealing crystals or glasses without special sealing parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B45/00—Time pieces of which the indicating means or cases provoke special effects, e.g. aesthetic effects
    • G04B45/0084—Pictures or inscriptions on the case or parts thereof, attaching complete pictures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a waterproof watch case, in particular for a diving watch.
  • the watch case which comprises a watch movement or a time-based watch module, must be closed in a well-sealed manner.
  • the watch case comprises a case back fixed in a sealed manner to a first side of a middle part and a crystal fixed to a second opposite side of the middle part. Sealing gaskets are provided for the assembly of the back, the caseband and the watch crystal.
  • a member for controlling or adjusting the functions of the watch is also mounted in a sealed manner through the middle part of the case in the rest position.
  • watch cases are not configured or assembled to withstand high water pressures, for example during a dive, given that the pressure inside the watch case is close to atmospheric pressure.
  • Simple gaskets of traditional watches are not sufficient to guarantee a good watertightness of the case when diving to very great depths underwater.
  • the watch case consists of a crystal fixed on an upper side to a caseband-bezel and a caseback fixed to the caseband by screwing it to an internal thread of the caseband.
  • the crystal is fixed to the middle part by an annular seal in the shape of a toric and rests on a middle edge.
  • a seal is also provided between an outer edge of the back and a lower surface of the caseband.
  • a strong metal cup is still provided to bear against an interior surface of the back and against an interior edge of the caseband.
  • this does not make it possible to guarantee good sealing of the case during diving to very great depths underwater, which constitutes a drawback.
  • the patent CH 372 606 describes a waterproof watch case, which has a central part or middle part surrounding a back and closed by a crystal. A threaded ring bears against an inclined outer surface of the caseback to retain it, and is screwed to a fastening portion connected to the caseband. With such an arrangement presented, this does not make it possible to guarantee good sealing of the box during diving to very great depths underwater, which constitutes a drawback.
  • the main aim of the invention is therefore to overcome the drawbacks of the state of the art described above by providing a watertight watch case suitable for withstanding high water pressure for diving at great depths. under water.
  • the present invention relates to a waterproof watch case, which comprises the features of independent claim 1.
  • An advantage of the watertight watch case is that the crystal is attached to the middle part by means of a one-piece metal seal and with inclined contact surfaces of the middle part and the crystal.
  • the metal fixing gasket has a shape complementary to fixing surfaces before the operation of fixing the crystal to the caseband.
  • conical bearing surfaces are provided on the crystal and the middle part, or even on the back mounted on an opposite side of the middle part. In this way, pressure forces on the crystal and the back are transmitted to the caseband via conical bearing surfaces and via the one-piece metal seal.
  • the fixing of the crystal to the middle part by means of the fixing seal can be done in particular by hot forming. This makes it possible to avoid stress concentrations, to achieve good resistance of the crystal and to achieve very good sealing of the watch case.
  • the heated amorphous metal gasket is in a softened state so as to be well applied on the contact surface of the crystal and the contact surface of the middle part, filling everything in. interstice of the surface condition of each contact surface.
  • the amorphous metal gasket serves as a stress interface between the caseband and the crystal as the thermal expansion coefficient of the caseband, for example in titanium, is greater than that of the sapphire crystal, for example.
  • the figures 1a and 1b show an embodiment of a watch case 1, which can be used for a diving watch.
  • the watch case 1 essentially comprises a crystal 3, which can be made of sapphire or mineral glass, fixed on an upper side of a caseband 2, and possibly a back 4 mounted on a lower side of the caseband 2.
  • a bezel 7 can also be mounted on the upper side of the middle part 2.
  • a movement or watch module 10 is arranged in the watch case 1 in a casing circle 8, and at least one control member, not shown, can be mounted in a sealed manner in the rest position on or through the middle 2 for setting the time, date or other functions of the diving watch.
  • the solid back 4 may include an annular edge 14 with internal thread to be screwed onto a thread 26 on the lower side of the caseband 2.
  • a surface of annular support 24 of the back 4 comes into contact with an annular interior surface 32 of the middle part 2 of a shape complementary to the support surface 24 during the mounting of the back 4 on the middle part 2.
  • the support surfaces 24 and interior 32 are inclined at a determined angle with respect to an axis perpendicular to a watch case plane 1.
  • the surfaces 24, 32 are of conical shape and inclined towards the inside of watch case 1 at an angle determined from a central axis of watch case 1. This means that the top of each cone shape is towards the inside of watch case 1.
  • the lower side of the caseband 2 further comprises an annular groove 16 housing a gasket O-ring seal 6 in contact with the bearing surface 24 when mounting the back 4 on the middle 2.
  • the angle can be of the order of 60 ° ⁇ 5 ° with respect to the central axis. This makes it possible to have a good distribution of the stresses between the bottom 4 and the middle 2 due to the pressure of the water during diving at great depths underwater.
  • the crystal 3 comprises an annular peripheral surface 13 to be fixed by means of a one-piece metal seal 5, 5 'for fixing to an annular inner surface 12 on the upper side of the middle part 2.
  • the annular inner surface 12 is preferably of complementary shape to the annular peripheral surface 13.
  • the seal 5, 5 ', as an interface between the middle part 2 and the crystal 3, can also be produced before the fixing operation with a complementary shape to the contact surfaces of the crystal 3 on the caseband 2.
  • the annular peripheral surface 13 of the crystal 3 is inclined at a defined angle smaller than 90 ° with respect to an axis perpendicular to a watch case plane 1.
  • the inner surface ring 12 is inclined generally towards the inside of the box of watch 1 at the same angle as the annular peripheral surface 13 with respect to a central axis.
  • the middle part 2 is generally cylindrical in shape
  • the peripheral inner surface 13 and the annular inner surface 12 are conical in shape and inclined at a defined angle towards the inside of the watch case.
  • the defined angle of inclination of surfaces 12 and 13 can be of the order of 43 ° ⁇ 5 ° from to the central axis. This makes it possible to have a good distribution of the stresses between the crystal 3 and the caseband 2 due to the pressure of the water during diving at great depths underwater.
  • the difference in water pressure relative to the pressure inside the watch case 1 tends to close any gap remaining between the surfaces 12, 13 in contact and the seal 5, 5 ′ for fixing thanks to the The inclination of the contact surfaces towards the inside of the watch case 1. This guarantees a good seal and resistance to high pressures.
  • the one-piece metal fixing seal 5, 5 ' is made of amorphous metal or metal glass or amorphous metal alloy. It can include a first part 5 and a second part 5 '.
  • the fixing gasket 5, 5 ′ is of annular shape for the hermetic closing of the crystal 3 on the middle part 2.
  • the first part 5 of the gasket is of conical shape, while the second part 5 'is cylindrical.
  • the length of the first part 5 in cross section can be of the order of 5 mm, while the height of the second part of the seal 5, 5 ′ can be of the order of 2.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the seal can be of the order of 0.65 mm.
  • the one-piece metal seal 5, 5 ′ for fixing the annular shape is made of an amorphous metal alloy so as to fix the crystal 3 to the middle 2, for example by hot deformation.
  • fixing the crystal 3 to the caseband 2 one seeks to completely fill the space between the crystal 3 and the caseband 2.
  • the seal with pressure of the crystal 3 on the caseband 2
  • the The heat-softened amorphous metal seal completely matches the surface finish of the crystal 3 and the caseband 2, which guarantees a good hermetic seal.
  • the metal also compensates for a possible defect of angles between the conical surface of the crystal 3 and the conical surface of the middle part 2, and thus makes it possible to ensure a perfect contact between the crystal 3 and the middle part 2, which reduces high stress concentrations during pressurization.
  • This is very important because the crystal 3 is generally made of a fragile material, such as sapphire or mineral glass. Thus, a very localized contact of the crystal 3 on the middle part 2 risks causing a break when pressurizing under water.
  • the amorphous metal gasket 5, 5 ′ serves as an interface between the middle part 2 and the crystal 3.
  • this seal also serves to accumulate stresses during the cooling operation. This is important because the thermal expansion coefficient of the titanium middle part 2 is greater than the contact surface of the sapphire crystal 3.
  • the alloy of amorphous metals can be mainly composed of zirconium, which makes it possible to form the seal at a temperature above 350 ° C, that is to say above the glass transition temperature. of the alloy.
  • the zirconium-based amorphous metal alloy can be composed of Zr (52.5%), Cu (17.6%), Ni (14.9%), Al (10%) and Ti (5%).
  • the zirconium-based amorphous metal alloy can also include Zr (58.5%), Cu (15.6%), Ni (12.8%), Al (10.3%) and Nb (2.8%).
  • the zirconium-based amorphous metal alloy can also include Zr (44%), Ti (11%), Cu (9.8%), Ni (10.2%) and Be (25%), or finally Zr (58%) , Cu (22%), Fe (8%) and Al (12%).
  • the alloy of amorphous metals may be mainly composed of platinum (Pt), which makes it possible to form the seal at a temperature above 230 ° C.
  • the platinum-based amorphous metal alloy can include Pt (57.5%), Cu (14.7%), Ni (5.3%) and P (22.5%). Provision may also be made to produce the one-piece metal seal 5, 5 'from an alloy of amorphous metals based mainly on palladium (Pd, which makes it possible to form the seal at a temperature above 300 ° C.
  • a titanium-based amorphous metal alloy can include Ti (41.5%), Zr (10%), Cu (35%), Pd (11%) and Sn (2.5%).
  • An alloy of amorphous metals based on palladium may include Pd (43%), Cu (27%), Ni (10%) and P (20%), or Pd (77%), Cu (6%) and Si ( 16.5%), or finally Pd (79%), Cu (6%), Si (10%) and P (5%).
  • a nickel-based amorphous metal alloy can include Ni (53%), Nb (20%), Ti (10%), Zr (8%), Co (6%) and Cu (3%), or Ni (67%), Cr (6%), Fe (4%), Si (7%), C (0.25%) and B (15.75%), or finally Ni (60 %), Pd (20%), P (17%) and B (3%).
  • An iron-based amorphous metal alloy can include Fe (45%), Cr (20%), Mo (14%), C (15%) and B (6%), or Fe (56%), Co ( 7%), Ni (7%), Zr (8%), Nb (2%) and B (20%).
  • a gold-based amorphous metal alloy can include Au (49%), Ag (5%), Pd (2.3%), Cu (26.9%) and Si (16.3%).
  • annular fastening joint with the first part 5 of conical shape and the second part 5 'of cylindrical shape is shown in a three-dimensional partial sectional view at the bottom. figure 2a .
  • This form of two-part seal 5, 5 ' is used for fixing the crystal 3 to the middle 2 as shown in figures 2b and 2c .
  • the gasket 5, 5 ' is first of all placed on the upper side of the caseband 2.
  • the first part 5 of the gasket is in contact with the annular inner surface 12, while the second part 5' is close to the wall annular interior 22 of the middle 2.
  • the crystal 3 is mounted on the seal 5, 5 '.
  • the annular peripheral surface 13 of the lens 3 is in contact with the first part 5 of the seal, while the annular outer wall 23 ice 3 above the annular peripheral surface 13 is close to the second part 5 'of the seal.
  • the seal 5, 5 ' is placed between the middle part 2 and the crystal 3.
  • an anti-overflow tool MC is placed on the upper side of the caseband 2 and in contact with the annular outer wall 23 of the crystal 3.
  • This anti-overflow tool MC is used to prevent the amorphous metal alloy of the seal from coming out of the upper side of the caseband 2.
  • Another anti-overflow tool not shown in underside of the inner side of the watch case to prevent the amorphous metal alloy of the gasket from coming out of the underside.
  • a high tool MH presses the crystal 3 towards the case 2, while a low tool MB holds the lower side of the case 2 in support.
  • a pressure of the order of 10,000 to 80,000 N is applied to the crystal 3 on the caseband 2 at a temperature of the order of 480 ° C. for a period of 30 - 250 seconds.
  • the pressure exerted by the sapphire 3 on the part 5 of the seal causes the material contained in the part 5 of the seal to flow towards the part 5 'as well as downwards.
  • the consequences are a downward displacement of the glass 3 and a thinning of the part 5 of the seal until the seal completely fills the space between the caseband 2, the anti-overflow tool MC, the interior anti-overflow tool and ice 3.
  • the amorphous metal gasket will, during its flow, mold all the details of surfaces 12, 13, 22 and 23.
  • the dimensions of the caseband 2, of the seal 5, 5 'and of the crystal 3 will want to decrease proportionally to their respective coefficients of expansion ⁇ .
  • ⁇ 8.5 to 11 ppm for titanium, 12 to 18 ppm for stainless steel; 12 to 16 for gold
  • amorphous metals in particular their very high elastic limit ⁇ e (eg: 1700 MPa for a Zr base; 1550 MPa for a Pd base; 1350 MPa for a Pt base) coupled with an elastic deformation Very high ⁇ e (1.5 to 2% for all amorphous metals), make it possible to avoid plasticization of the seal 5, 5 ′ in its zone of contact with the glass 3 during stress at very high pressures.
  • Caseband 2 whose mechanical properties (e.g.
  • the fixing of the crystal 3 to the caseband 2 by means of the seal 5, 5 ' is carried out at a temperature of the order of 380 ° C. by applying a pressure of approximately 10,000 - 80,000 N for 30 - 250 seconds.
  • the fixing of the crystal 3 to the caseband 2 by means of the seal 5, 5 ' is carried out at a temperature of the order of 280 ° C by applying a pressure of approximately 10,000 - 80,000 N for 30 - 250 seconds.
  • Another way of reducing the stresses in the glass 3 after the assembly process, as described above, is to partially or totally crystallize the seal 5, 5 'of amorphous metal.
  • crystallization generates a reduction in the volume of the amorphous metal and therefore of the seal 5, 5 ', which slightly detaches the middle-seal and seal-glass contact surfaces.
  • the differential retraction of the caseband 2 must first compensate for the vacuum left by the crystallization of the amorphous metal before starting to tighten on the crystal 3.
  • the residual stresses in the sapphire are less compared to a gasket. 100% amorphous.
  • the crystallization of the seal 5, 5 ′ can take place by maintaining the assembly at a temperature for a long time after the forming phase. For example, for the case of a zirconium-based alloy, holding for 5 min at 480 ° C. can generate crystallization of the seal. It is also possible to increase the temperature from 20 ° C to 100 ° C after the creep phase in order to accelerate crystallization or to modify its nature (different crystalline phases). It is also possible to decrease the temperature after the creep phase in order to obtain a slower and finer crystallization.
  • the figure 2c shows the result of attaching crystal 3 to caseband 2 after removing the tools used for it.
  • a bezel 7 covers the upper side of the middle part 2.
  • the first part 5 of the gasket fixedly connects the annular peripheral surface 13 of the crystal 3 to the annular inner surface 12 of the middle part 2.
  • the second part 5 'of the gasket fixedly connects the annular inner wall 22 of the middle part 2 and the annular outer wall 23 of the crystal 3. Normally the first part 5 of the seal extends below the level of the connection between the bottom of the crystal 3 and the caseband 2, which therefore does not include the inner spout presented to figures 2b and 2c .
  • the figure 3 shows a partial detail section of a variant of the attachment of the crystal 3 to the caseband 2.
  • the crystal 3 comprises an annular peripheral surface 13 to be fixed by means of a one-piece metal seal 5, 5 'for fixing on an annular inner surface 12 on the upper side of the middle part 2.
  • the middle part 2 is generally cylindrical in shape
  • the peripheral inner surface 13 of the crystal 3 is conical in shape
  • the annular inner surface 12 of the middle part 2 is in the plane of the watch case 1 in the form of a portion of a disc.
  • the first part 5 of the seal is between the peripheral inner surface 13 and the annular inner surface 12, while the second part 5 'of the seal is between the annular inner wall 22 of the caseband 2 and the annular outer wall 23 of the crystal 3 .
  • the figure 4 schematically shows a top view of an embodiment of a watch case 1.
  • the watch case 1 comprises the middle part 2, the crystal 3, a bezel 7 and a control member 9 in the form of a stem-crown passing through the middle part 2.
  • the stem-crown comprises a conical surface, not shown in contact with a conical inner surface of the middle part 2 in the rest position to ensure tightness and resistance to water pressure in diving.
  • An inscription 103 of a word or of a number or of drawings is made at the connection of the annular peripheral surface 13 of the glass 3 on the first part of the fixing joint.
  • the inscription 103 may also be provided to have a contact surface of the glass 3 structured and / or with a decorative layer deposited on its surface.
  • This structuring and / or deposit 63 can be placed on the annular peripheral surface 13 of the crystal 3. It can also be envisaged to write a or several words, or numbers or patterns by etching the deposit 63 by means of a laser beam L coming from a laser device 50.
  • the deposit 63 may be of a different color from the first part of the fixing joint. Therefore after the engraving of the inscription 103 on the deposit 63, the annular peripheral surface 13 of the crystal 3 can be placed or fixed on the first part of the fixing joint, which is of a different color than the deposit 63 .
  • the watch case by its middle part may have a general shape different from a cylinder.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Gasket Seals (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
EP19173326.0A 2019-05-08 2019-05-08 Wasserdichtes armbanduhrgehäuse Active EP3736643B1 (de)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19173326.0A EP3736643B1 (de) 2019-05-08 2019-05-08 Wasserdichtes armbanduhrgehäuse
US16/846,811 US11768469B2 (en) 2019-05-08 2020-04-13 Water-resistant watch case
JP2020075898A JP6994075B2 (ja) 2019-05-08 2020-04-22 耐水性の携行型時計ケース
RU2020115125A RU2750662C1 (ru) 2019-05-08 2020-04-29 Корпус водонепроницаемых часов
CN202010377805.3A CN111913384B (zh) 2019-05-08 2020-05-07 防水表壳

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP19173326.0A EP3736643B1 (de) 2019-05-08 2019-05-08 Wasserdichtes armbanduhrgehäuse

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3736643A1 true EP3736643A1 (de) 2020-11-11
EP3736643B1 EP3736643B1 (de) 2025-02-19

Family

ID=66448483

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19173326.0A Active EP3736643B1 (de) 2019-05-08 2019-05-08 Wasserdichtes armbanduhrgehäuse

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11768469B2 (de)
EP (1) EP3736643B1 (de)
JP (1) JP6994075B2 (de)
CN (1) CN111913384B (de)
RU (1) RU2750662C1 (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP4198647B1 (de) * 2021-12-16 2025-04-16 Omega SA Wasserdichtes uhrgehäuse
EP4258065B1 (de) * 2022-04-05 2024-12-25 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Verfahren zum zusammenbau eines glases mit einem armbanduhrgehäuse

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CN111913384A (zh) 2020-11-10
US20200356061A1 (en) 2020-11-12
JP6994075B2 (ja) 2022-01-14
EP3736643B1 (de) 2025-02-19
US11768469B2 (en) 2023-09-26
CN111913384B (zh) 2022-06-10
JP2020183948A (ja) 2020-11-12
RU2750662C1 (ru) 2021-06-30

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