EP4100460A1 - Procede de preparation d'une poudre de materiau d'origine naturelle - Google Patents
Procede de preparation d'une poudre de materiau d'origine naturelleInfo
- Publication number
- EP4100460A1 EP4100460A1 EP21703645.8A EP21703645A EP4100460A1 EP 4100460 A1 EP4100460 A1 EP 4100460A1 EP 21703645 A EP21703645 A EP 21703645A EP 4100460 A1 EP4100460 A1 EP 4100460A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- water
- extruder
- powder
- twin
- conveying
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08H—DERIVATIVES OF NATURAL MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08H1/00—Macromolecular products derived from proteins
- C08H1/06—Macromolecular products derived from proteins derived from horn, hoofs, hair, skin or leather
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/10—Making granules by moulding the material, i.e. treating it in the molten state
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/04—Particle-shaped
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/14—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the particular extruding conditions, e.g. in a modified atmosphere or by using vibration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/875—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling for achieving a non-uniform temperature distribution, e.g. using barrels having both cooling and heating zones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J3/00—Processes of treating or compounding macromolecular substances
- C08J3/12—Powdering or granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L89/00—Compositions of proteins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L89/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair
- C08L89/06—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair derived from leather or skin, e.g. gelatin
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2511/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2401/00 - B29K2509/00, as filler
- B29K2511/08—Leather
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2911/00—Use of natural products or their composites, not provided for in groups B29K2801/00 - B29K2809/00, as mould material
- B29K2911/08—Leather
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2389/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
- C08J2389/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair
- C08J2389/06—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair derived from leather or skin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2489/00—Characterised by the use of proteins; Derivatives thereof
- C08J2489/04—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair
- C08J2489/06—Products derived from waste materials, e.g. horn, hoof or hair derived from leather or skin
Definitions
- the present invention falls within the field of the valorization of materials of natural origin, more precisely of animal origin.
- the present invention relates to a process for preparing a powder of a material of natural origin, from leather waste, as well as a powder of a material of natural origin obtained by such a process.
- Patent document WO-A-2019/077112 describes, for example, a method of manufacturing an article in the form of a solid block, from a natural material in particulate form containing scleroproteins, in particular leather. This process makes it possible to form massive pieces in a material reproducing the properties of the initial natural material, and even improving some of these properties.
- Document FR-A-3081468 describes a process for manufacturing an article made of solid composite material from particles of a natural material containing scleroproteins, these proteins being dispersed in a matrix of a thermoplastic polymer.
- the particle size of the particles of material containing scleroproteins is a few hundred micrometers. Particles of such size can be obtained by conventional grinding or shredding techniques, in particular by means of a knife or hammer mill.
- the present invention thus aims to provide a process which makes it possible to prepare a powder of a material based mainly on collagen, the properties of which are improved compared to the powders obtained by conventional grinding techniques.
- a further objective of the invention is that this method is simple and inexpensive to carry out, moreover by means of equipment commonly found on the market.
- a process for preparing a powder of a material of natural origin from an initial material containing at least 70% by weight of leather, in particular of waste (s ) leather, said leather being prepared from the skin of a non-human animal; this initial material being in particulate form.
- the term "leather” is understood to mean, in a conventional manner in itself, an animal skin which has been subjected to tanning and wringing operations, so as to make it rot-proof.
- leather contains a high level of collagen.
- Leather waste can be of any type, including production scrap from the leather industry, used leather articles or parts thereof, etc.
- initial material is understood to mean a single material or a mixture of a plurality of materials, which may or may not be leather, for example a mixture of several types of different types of leather waste.
- partate form is understood to mean the fact that the initial material is in the form of more or less coarse particles, with a size of a few tens or hundreds of micrometers or more, which may range up to a few centimeters.
- pellet is understood to mean a set of grains or granules of more or less size, which may range up to a few millimeters, these grains or granules which may be dry or wet, in particular have a high humidity level, up to 75 or 80%.
- the method according to the invention comprises a step of treatment of this initial material, mainly of natural origin, and very predominantly based on collagen, in a twin-screw extruder in which a temperature profile increasing from an initial temperature is applied. between 10 ° C and 40 ° C, up to a maximum temperature between 60 and 120 ° C, in the presence of water in an amount such that the ratio by weight of water relative to said initial material introduced into the extruder, in the dry state, is between 0.20 and 6.
- the starting material preferably does not include any polymeric substance or polymer precursor.
- the starting material is further preferably not mixed with any polymer substance or polymer precursor.
- the treatment step of the process according to the invention is thus in no way a compounding step, using a polymer binder, but a step of fragmentation of the material under the effect of the shearing forces exerted on it in the material. twin-screw extruder. This fragmentation is accompanied by a phenomenon of plasticization of the material caused by its heating, in the presence of a specific amount of water mixed with the initial material.
- the bulk density of the material powder can be determined by the so-called typed density measurement test, well known to those skilled in the art, according to the protocol described in standard ASTM B527, by measuring the height of the powder in a test tube after a series of vertical beats, for example 2,500 beats at a rate of 249 beats per minute.
- An example of a suitable instrument for carrying out this test is the Densi-tap marketed by the company Ma.Tec ..
- this powder obtained according to the invention has mechanical properties such as, used as a starting material in a process for manufacturing articles made of material of natural origin, in particular one of the processes mentioned above, for example by heat-pressing, it gives this article a higher mechanical strength than that of the parts obtained from the pulverulent materials of the prior art, obtained by traditional grinding techniques.
- mechanical properties such as, used as a starting material in a process for manufacturing articles made of material of natural origin, in particular one of the processes mentioned above, for example by heat-pressing, it gives this article a higher mechanical strength than that of the parts obtained from the pulverulent materials of the prior art, obtained by traditional grinding techniques.
- Such an advantageous result could in part be explained by the fact that the material powder obtained according to the invention would have a better sintering capacity when it is subjected to a rise in temperature.
- This article also has better resistance to humidity, in particular due to the fact that the powder of material obtained by the process according to the invention is advantageously less hygroscopic than the initial material on which the process
- Collagen is a fibrous structural protein, forming a triple helix, present in the connective tissues of animals and whose function is to give these tissues mechanical resistance to stretching.
- Collagen, more precisely type I collagen, is in particular the major protein in the dermis of animals.
- the initial material from which the method according to the invention is applied contains leather obtained from the dermis of a non-human animal, in particular of a reptile or of a mammal, for example of a bovine or of a sheep.
- This leather can be of any type, and in particular as well be obtained by treatment of the dermis of animals with vegetable tanning agents, as by chrome tanning or by synthetic tannins.
- the initial material may contain at least 80% by weight, or at least 90% by weight or even at least 95% by weight, of leather, in particular of leather waste (s).
- the initial collagen-based material from which the process according to the invention is applied can be in the form of particles of any size, shape and moisture content. Preferably, it is in the form of particles with a size of between 5 mm and 10 cm.
- the method according to the invention preferably comprises a preliminary step of cutting and / or grinding this material into particles of smaller size, for example by means of a grinder. with knives.
- the method according to the invention can also meet one or more of the characteristics described below, implemented in isolation or in each of their technically operative combinations.
- the initial temperature of the temperature profile applied in the extruder is preferably between 15 and 30 ° C.
- the maximum temperature of the temperature profile applied in the extruder is for its part preferably less than or equal to 100 ° C, preferably between 60 and 100 ° C, preferably between 60 and 95 ° C and more preferably between 60 and 90 ° C.
- a temperature within these latter ranges of values makes it possible in particular advantageously to obtain the final properties desired for the powder obtained, while requiring a reduced supply of energy.
- Below 60 ° C the powder obtained at the outlet of the extruder does not exhibit the desired properties. In particular, it has neither an apparent density high, nor good mechanical properties. It also has a low proportion of grains of reduced size, in particular of a size of less than 0.8 mm.
- the residence time of the material in the twin-screw extruder depends on the speed of rotation of the screws, and on the number and length of the mixing zones. It is for example between 20 seconds and 1 minute.
- the weight ratio of water relative to the initial material is between 0.2 and 2.
- the step of treating the initial material is carried out in the presence of water in an amount such that the ratio by weight of water relative to the initial material is greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 1.6, preferably between 0.25 and 1, in particular between 0.3 and 1, for example between 0.4 and 0.8, especially between 0.5 and 0.7. It is for example equal to 0.6.
- a grain powder is obtained in dry form, or at least at very low humidity, less than 15%, and a large majority of the grains have a size less than or equal to 0.8 mm.
- These grains also have a homogeneous shape, ovoid to spherical, with a well-determined form factor, this form factor being advantageously constant over the entire range from 0.2 to 1.6 (limit not included), and whatever or the characteristics of the initial material and whatever the operating conditions, in particular the temperature conditions, applied in the extruder, these temperature conditions naturally falling within the ranges recommended by the invention.
- the step of treating the initial material is carried out in the presence of water in an amount such that the ratio by weight of water relative to the initial material is between 1.6 and 6, for example between 2 and 6.
- the powder obtained at the outlet of the extruder is in the form of a set of granules, approximately 1 or 2 mm in size, at high humidity, between 40 and 75%, not exhibiting well-defined shape characteristics, but advantageously exhibiting a greatly increased bulk density compared to granules which would have been obtained by simple grinding of the initial material.
- These granules advantageously find an application, for example, for the manufacture of composite materials.
- the amount of water to add to the starting material depends on the starting moisture level of the latter.
- the method according to the invention can comprise a step of determining the moisture content of the initial material, then determining the quantity of water to be added to it in order to obtain the ratio by weight of water relative to the material. initial desired, this ratio being between 0.2 and 6, more particularly between 0.2 and 1.6, or between 1, 6 and 6.
- moisture content is understood to mean, in a manner conventional in itself, the percentage by mass of water contained in the material, relative to the total mass of material, under conditions of 60% humidity. relative air and at about 20 ° C.
- This humidity level can in particular be determined by comparing the weight of a sample of material with the weight of this same sample after it has been subjected to a drying step at more than 100 ° C until a weight is obtained. of the substantially constant sample.
- the bringing together of the initial material with water can be carried out in different ways.
- the starting material is introduced into the extruder as it is, and an aqueous solution is also introduced into the twin-screw extruder, regardless of the starting material.
- an aqueous solution is also introduced into the twin-screw extruder, regardless of the starting material.
- the bringing together of the initial material and water is carried out by introducing an aqueous solution into the twin-screw extruder.
- the feed rate of aqueous solution to the extruder is preferably constant, and calculated to obtain the desired water / material weight ratio, this ratio being between 0.2 and 6, in particular greater than or equal to 0.2 and less than 1.6.
- the aqueous solution is preferably introduced into the twin-screw extruder upstream of a first mixing zone which the twin-screw extruder comprises, at the end of the conveying zone immediately preceding the first mixing zone, in the direction scrolling of the material in the extruder.
- the initial material is then intimately mixed with the aqueous solution in the mixing zone.
- the initial material is impregnated with an aqueous solution before it is introduced into the extruder.
- This impregnation is preferably carried out for 12 to 30 hours, preferably at a temperature between 1 and 10 ° C.
- the impregnation step preferably comprises at least one initial stirring phase, so as to ensure homogeneous mixing of the water with the initial material. Agitation can be continued during all or part of the impregnation step.
- the respective amounts of aqueous solution and mixed starting material are determined to obtain the desired water / starting material weight ratio.
- the aqueous solution may consist of water only. It may otherwise contain at least one additional substance.
- the aqueous solution may in particular contain an agent for decomplexing chromium-collagen complexes, which may have been formed within the leather during the chromium tanning processes.
- an agent for decomplexing chromium-collagen complexes which may have been formed within the leather during the chromium tanning processes.
- This decomplexing agent may in particular consist of sodium hydroxide and / or magnesium hydroxide, for example at a concentration in water of between 10 and 40 g / l.
- oxalate and in particular oxalate ammonium and / or sodium oxalate, for example at a concentration in water of between 25 and 40 g / l.
- Sodium hydroxide like oxalate, has the advantage of being readily available and exhibiting good dissolving capacity in water.
- the aqueous solution may also or otherwise contain one or more surfactants.
- the process according to the invention does not use any organic solvent.
- the twin-screw extruder implemented according to the invention can be of any type that is conventional in itself. It is preferably of the co-rotating screw type, preferably of the interpenetrating type.
- the screws used can have any profile and any screw thread.
- the speed of rotation of the screws of the twin-screw extruder is preferably between 100 and 400 rpm, and preferably between 200 and 300 rpm. A speed within this range of values is advantageously, on the one hand, high enough to ensure good plasticization of the material treated in the extruder, and on the other hand, low enough not to risk this material disintegrating in the extruder. the extruder.
- the specific mechanical energy (EMS), expressing the work done by the screws of the twin-screw extruder to shear the initial material, is preferably between 400 and 1800 Wh / kg.
- the specific mechanical energy by defined by the following equation: in which U represents the motor voltage of the twin-screw extruder, expressed in volts; I represents the intensity of this motor (measured value), expressed in amperes; ooef represents the corrective coefficient of the motor (supplied by the manufacturer); N represents the speed of rotation of the screws of the extruder, expressed in revolutions / min; Nmax represents the maximum speed of rotation of the screws of the extruder, expressed in revolutions / min; and Q represents the rate of entry of the initial solid material into the extruder, expressed in kg / h.
- the twin-screw extruder implemented according to the invention can comprise one or more zones. The treated material of natural origin successively passes through these zones, from a first end, in which the material to be treated enters the extruder, to a second end, from which the treated material leaves the extruder.
- the twin-screw extruder implemented according to the invention preferably comprises one or more conveying zones, with and / or without compression of the material, and one or more mixing zones, as well as, where appropriate, one or more reverse pitch screw zones. Any combination of such areas in the extruder is within the scope of the invention.
- the twin-screw extruder has at least two mixing zones, and even three or more mixing zones.
- the twin-screw extruder has a conveying zone before and after each mixing zone.
- the twin-screw extruder implemented according to the invention comprises the succession of the following zones: conveying - mixing - conveying - mixing - conveying.
- the twin-screw extruder implemented according to the invention preferably does not include an outlet die.
- the twin-screw extruder implemented according to the invention may include any means allowing the application of the desired temperature profile in each of the zones that it comprises.
- the temperature increase profile is meant in the present description that the temperature increases between the initial temperature, which is typically applied in the inlet zone of the twin-screw extruder, and the final temperature, which is typically the temperature applied. in the last mixing zone of the twin-screw extruder, in the direction of flow of the material in the twin-screw extruder.
- the temperature increase profile is not necessarily linear, and it may include several stages.
- the temperature is preferably substantially uniform within each of the zones of the twin-screw extruder, and, for each zone, it is greater than or equal to the temperature of the zone situated upstream, in the direction of circulation of material in the twin-screw extruder.
- the temperature within the conveying zone terminal of the twin-screw extruder may be lower than that of the mixing zone which precedes it.
- the twin-screw extruder comprises one or more induction coils making it possible to supply, in each zone crossed by the material, the desired thermal energy.
- the temperature profile applied in the twin-screw extruder is preferably such that the temperature increases along the latter, between its material inlet end and its outlet end.
- the temperature in the first zone crossed by the material is around 20 ° C.
- This first zone is preferably a conveying zone.
- the maximum temperature in the twin-screw extruder is less than or equal to 100 ° C, in particular between 60 and 100 ° C, preferably between 60 and 95 ° C. , for example between 60 and 90 ° C or alternatively between 60 and 80 ° C.
- This maximum temperature is preferably the temperature of at least the last mixing zone through which the material passes in the extruder.
- the values indicated concerning the temperatures applied in the extruder are the set values, it being understood that the actual temperature values within the treated material circulating in the extruder may be slightly different, depending in particular on the composition of that material and its water content, as well as the exact temperature profile that is applied.
- the rate of entry of the naturally occurring material into the twin-screw extruder is preferably constant. In particular embodiments of the invention, it is between 1 and 15 kg / h, expressed by weight of dry matter.
- the initial material introduced into the extruder may have any initial moisture content.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise, after the step of treating the material in the twin-screw extruder, a step of drying the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the extruder, at the end of the process. processing step of the method according to the invention.
- This drying step can be carried out in any manner conventional in itself. Even for those skilled in the art, in particular in an oven, preferably under a current of air.
- Drying can for example be carried out at a temperature between 40 ° C and 60 ° C, for a few hours, in particular for 10 to 30 hours.
- the method according to the invention can finally comprise a final step of grinding the extrudate, by means of any conventional grinder in itself, where appropriate after the latter has been subjected to the drying step, so as to further reduce the particle size.
- the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the twin-screw extruder may not be present directly in powder form, but in the form of a paste.
- This paste can however advantageously be very easily ground, to form a powder with a particle size much smaller than that which would have been presented by a powder obtained by direct grinding, under the same conditions, of the initial material.
- the method according to the invention may also include a step of recovering, in the powder obtained at the outlet of the extruder, where appropriate after its drying, of the population of powder grains having a particle size in a desired range, in particular a particle size. less than or equal to 800 miti.
- This recovery step can be carried out according to any method conventional in itself, in particular by sieving the powder, using a sieve of suitable mesh size, in particular 800 miti.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a powder of material of natural origin containing at least 70% by weight of leather, this powder being capable of being obtained by a process according to the invention, optionally comprising one or more steps. final as described above, in particular of grinding, drying and / or sieving aimed at recovering only the grains of powder of the desired size, that is to say less than 800 miti.
- the powder according to the invention may in particular contain at least 80% by weight, and even at least 90% by weight or even at least 95% by weight, of leather. It preferably comprises at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, more preferably at least 80% by weight, and preferably at least 90% by weight, of collagen.
- the powder according to the invention has a bulk density of between 0.25 and 0.9 and a particle size of less than 800 miti.
- particle size of less than 800 miti is understood to mean the fact that the largest dimension of each of the particles forming the powder is less than 800 miti. In general, these particles have an elongated, ovoid shape with a spherical tendency. Their form factor is between 0.7 and 1.
- the largest dimension of each of the particles of the material powder according to the invention can, for example, be verified by observing these particles with a binocular magnifying glass, or by means of a vibrating screen.
- the powder of material of natural origin according to the invention formed overwhelmingly of leather, proves to be quite advantageous as a starting material for the manufacture of solid articles by a thermoforming technique, or as a filler. of a composite material, in which it is dispersed in a polymer resin, in particular of the thermoplastic type.
- the articles thus obtained exhibit properties of mechanical strength, as well as resistance to humid environments, which are particularly good.
- Figure 1 shows images obtained with a binocular magnifying glass of the initial material (in a /) and of the final material obtained by a process according to the invention from this material (in b /).
- FIG. 2 shows curves obtained by DSC for a pulverulent sample of calfskin tanned with chromium, and powders obtained from this material by a process in accordance with the invention, using water alone or 'water with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide sodium.
- Clextral BC-21 twin-screw extruders with a 70 cm sheath or Clextral BC-45 are used, equipped with 7 Purlleux R heating modules and a DKM pump with a power of 0.37 kW. for supplying water to the extruder.
- the conveying modules used are, according to the experiments, of the type: direct screw with trapezoidal groove double threads (at least one of these modules is placed in the first place in the extruder, at the level of the inlet of 'raw material feed); with direct pitch screw with a U-shaped double-threaded groove which allows both to convey the material but also to compress it by reducing the pitch of the thread; and / or reverse thread U-groove double drilled threads which force the material to pass through channels, which provides a very high shear stress.
- the mixing modules are of the bilobe mixer type.
- the material to be treated is introduced into the extruder through a hopper associated with a calibrated balance.
- the screw threads are between 20 and 70 mm.
- DSC Differential Scanning Calorimetry
- the thermal studies by DSC were carried out on a DSC apparatus Mettler Toledo Star in a medium pressure capsule, with temperature sweep from 20 ° C to 220 ° C with a ramp of 20 ° C / min under a stream of nitrogen.
- the moisture content of the starting materials and the resulting materials is measured on samples with a mass between 2 and 4 g, in an aluminum cup, using a Mettler infrared moisture determination balance.
- Attenuated total reflectance infrared spectrometry (IR-ATR) analysis This analysis, allowing to identify the quantity of each conformation of the proteins, to determine if the transition of the helices a in random coils and sheets b is effective, is carried out by a Thermo Fischer Nicolet® 5700 infrared spectrometer, with ATR System, equipped with 'a diamond point. The study interval is 600 to 4000 cnr 1 and the resolution is 4 cnr 1 . A blank is carried out before each measurement, and at least 30 analyzes are carried out for a spectrum, by observing the decomposition at the level of the amide 1 peak between 1570 and 1777 cm 1 , using processing software and data analysis. Apparent density measurement
- the bulk density of powders is measured by the tapped density test, according to which a known mass of powder, between 20 and 100 g, is introduced into a graduated cylinder attached to a Densi-tap, and 2,500 shocks are applied in 10 min on the test tube. The final volume of the powder is recorded, as well as its weight, and its apparent density is deduced therefrom. Particle size measurement
- the particle size is measured using a vibrating screen. More particularly, a succession of sieves marketed by the company Retsch with the following respective sizes is used: 0 mm; 0.032 mm; 0.063 mm; 0.125 mm; 0.250 mm; 0.500 mm; 0.800 mm; 1.25 mm. Each sieve is weighed empty and clean. After the sieves are stacked in order of increasing size, enough material is added to cover the top sieve by about 1 cm. The vibration frequency is fixed at 70% of the maximum frequency and the vibration time is fixed at 10 min. Once the cycle has been completed, each sieve is weighed with the powder particle size fraction retained, and the population mass distribution in each sieve is determined.
- the bending test is carried out on specimens of the material to be tested, on a bending bench using the method described in standard NF EN ISO 178-1: 2011, with the following operating parameters:
- the water characterization test is carried out by immersing, in water at 25 ° C, square test tubes, of dimensions 5x5 cm, of the material to be tested. The specimens are weighed and measured before immersion, then every hour after the start of the immersion in water. After 24 hours of immersion, the test pieces are dried completely at 50 ° C, and their dry mass measured to define the potential loss of material by dissolution in water.
- Example 1 leather tanned by vegetable tanning agents
- the starting material is leather of bovine origin, in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.21 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 13%.
- the Clextral BC-21 extruder was used for this experiment, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the screw profile is as follows (for each zone, the temperature profile is indicated in brackets): conveying (20 ° C) - mixing (40 ° C) - conveying (60 ° C) - mixing (90 ° C) - conveying (80 ° C).
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 4 kg of dry material / h. Water is introduced into the extruder at the level of the mixing zone, with a flow rate of 3 l / h.
- IR-ATR analysis of the starting material shows a 38% a-helix structure, 20% b-sheets and 42% random coils.
- IR-ATR analysis shows a 24% a-helix structure, 25% b-sheets and 48% random coils. This result confirms the change in protein structure within the material during the implementation of the method according to the invention.
- the powder obtained is shaped by thermocompression, at 150 ° C. and 80 MPa, of 12 g of powder in a steel mold. This gives a part in the form of a solid block.
- the rate of swelling in water of this part is determined according to the protocol described in standard NF EN ISO 62.2, with the few modifications. following: the test pieces used have dimensions of 5x5 cm and 3 mm thick; the water and the test pieces are maintained at 25 ° C and 60% humidity. Each test tube is placed in a container with a capacity of 1 l, in 300 ml of distilled water. 72 h before immersion, the containers containing the distilled water are placed in atmospheric conditions 25 ° C and 60% humidity and the test pieces are dried at 50 ° C. After immersion, the dimensions of the test pieces and their masses are recorded every hour over a period of 24 hours. After 24 h the specimens are dried in an oven at 50 ° C. for 24 h to measure the total material loss and the final thickness once dried.
- a swelling rate of 16% is thus determined.
- the swelling rate obtained for a part formed by thermocompression of the initial material, before implementation of the extrusion process according to the invention, according to the same protocol as that described above, is 42%.
- Example 2 leather Tanned by Vegetable Tanning Agents
- the initial material is cowhide in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.2 g / cm 3 , with a moisture content of 16%.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder was used for this experiment, with a screw rotation speed of 200 rpm.
- the screw profile is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing (angular offset between the lobes 30 °) at 40 ° C - conveying at 40 ° C - mixing (angular offset 90 °) at 60 ° C - conveying at 60 ° C - mixing at 80 ° C - conveying at 80 ° C.
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 6.5 kg of dry material / h.
- Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 10 l / h.
- the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the extruder is dried in a ventilated oven at 40 ° C. for 24 h.
- a powder of material is obtained with an apparent density of 0.93 g / cm 3 , a moisture content of 8%, and of the following particle size distribution: 2% of size greater than 1.25 mm, 70% of size between 0, 5 and 0.2 mm; 8% size between 0.2 and 0.125 mm; 20% size between 0.125 and 0.063mm.
- the population of powder grains having a particle size of around 1 cm is shaped by uniaxial thermocompression at 150 ° C and 80 MPa.
- the part obtained is subjected to a bending test. The following results are obtained: maximum stress 9.8 +/- 0.6 MPa, flexural modulus 1560 +/- 150 MPa, strain at break 1.35% +/- 0.07%.
- the part formed by thermocompression from the material obtained at the end of the process according to the invention has, compared to the part formed from the initial material, untreated, after 24 h of immersion in water: a mass setting of 22% instead of 44%; swelling of 10% instead of 39%; an irreversible loss of mass of 6% instead of 10%; an irreversible swelling rate of 16% instead of 42%.
- the part formed by thermocompression from the material obtained at the end of the process according to the invention clearly exhibits much better water resistance.
- Example 3 chrome tanned leather
- the initial material is cowhide, in the form of pieces of about 1 cm, with a bulk density of 0.20 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 18%.
- Example 2 The conditions used are identical to those of Example 2, with the exception of the flow rate of material entering the extruder, which is 8 kg of dry matter / h.
- the population of powder grains having a particle size of around 1 cm is shaped by uniaxial thermocompression at 190 ° C. and 80 MPa.
- the part obtained is subjected to a bending test.
- the following results are obtained: maximum stress 8.8 +/- 3.1 MPa, flexural modulus 1026 +/- 373 MPa, strain at break 2.4% +/- 0.6%.
- the part formed by thermocompression from the material obtained at the end of the process according to the invention has, compared to the part formed from the initial material, untreated, after 24 h of immersion in water: a mass setting of 57% instead of 73%; swelling of 39% instead of 95%; 22% irreversible loss of mass instead of total loss of cohesion; an irreversible swelling rate of 36% instead of a total loss of cohesion.
- the part formed by thermocompression from the material obtained at the end of the process according to the invention clearly exhibits much better water resistance.
- the initial material is calfskin in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.2 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 13%.
- the conditions used are identical to those of Example 2, except for the input flow rate of material into the extruder, which is 7 kg of dry matter / h, the water supply flow rate, which is 9.8 l / h, and the temperature profile, which is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing at 40 ° C - conveying at 50 ° C - mixing at 60 ° C - conveying at 70 ° C then 80 ° C - mixing at 100 ° C - conveying.
- the powder is then shaped with the conditions in a uniaxial heat press at 180 ° C and 81 MPa for 4 min.
- the part obtained has a bulk density of 1.34 g / cm 3 .
- FIG. 1 shows images obtained with the Nikon SNZ1500 binocular magnifier of the initial material (in a /) and of the final material obtained (in b /). It is observed that the leather fibers are transformed and agglomerated during the treatment step of the process according to the invention.
- Example 5 chrome tanned leather of pink color and use of sodium hydroxide
- the initial material is calfskin in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.2 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 13%.
- Example 2 The conditions used are identical to those of Example 2, with the exception of the input flow rate of material into the extruder, which is 7 kg of dry matter / h, and the flow rate of solution feed. aqueous introduced into the extruder.
- Example 6 chrome tanned leather with pre-moistening
- the starting material is chrome tanned calfskin in the form of pieces of about 1 cm, with a bulk density of 0.2 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 16%.
- This material is moistened in water in a concrete mixer for 12 hours before extrusion, in a cold room at 4 ° C. in a closed container.
- the amount of water is chosen to obtain a ratio by weight of water relative to the material equal to 1.
- Example 2 The conditions used are identical to those of Example 2, with the exception of the flow rate of material entering the extruder, which is indicated in Table 3 below, due to the fact that no aqueous solution is 'is introduced into the extruder, and the temperature profile which is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C then at 30 ° C - mixing at 40 ° C - conveying at 40 ° C then at 50 ° C - mixing at 60 ° C - conveying at 60 ° C then 70 ° C - mixing at 80 ° C - conveying.
- the starting material is chrome-tanned calfskin in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.2 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 16%.
- This material is moistened in water in a concrete mixer for 12 hours before extrusion, in a cold room at 4 ° C in a closed container.
- the quantity of water is chosen to obtain a ratio by weight of water relative to the material equal to 1.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder was used for this experiment, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the screw profile is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing at 30 ° C - conveying with mixer at 40 ° C - conveying at
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 2.5 kg of dry material / h.
- the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the extruder is dried in a ventilated oven at 40 ° C. for 24 h.
- the specific energy by mass to which the material is subjected in the extruder is between 1136 and 1311 Wh / kg.
- the output wet material flow rate is 3 kg / h.
- a powder of material which has, after drying, an apparent density of 0.35 g / cm 3 , a moisture content of 11%, and the following particle size distribution: 0.3% of particles larger than 4 mm; 3.3% in size between 4 and 2 mm; 16.1% in size between 2 and 1, 2 mm; 18.2% in size between 1, 2 and 0.8 mm; 41.3% size between 0.8 and 0.25mm; 20.8% size less than 0.25mm.
- the population of size less than or equal to 800 miti which is the majority in this powder, can be isolated by sieving.
- Example 8 mixture of chrome tanned leathers
- the starting material is a mixture of chrome-tanned calf leathers of different colors (red, blue, yellow, orange) in the form of pieces approximately 1 cm in size, with a bulk density of 0.18 g / cm 3 and of humidity of 13%.
- the extruder and the operating parameters are identical to those of Example 7, with the following differences: the speed of rotation of the screws is equal to 200 rpm and the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone with a flow rate of 1.5 kg of dry matter / h.
- the particle size distribution of the powder grains is as follows: 1.4% of size greater than 4 mm; 5.5% size between 2 and 4 mm; 14.6% size between 1, 2 and 2 mm; 22.2% in size between 0.8 and 1.2 mm; 34.5% size between 0.25 and 0.8mm; 21.8% size less than 0.25mm.
- the population of size less than or equal to 800 miti, which is the majority in this powder, can be isolated by sieving.
- the proportion of the population of size less than or equal to 800 miti in the Powder of material formed in accordance with the invention can be increased by applying, in one or more of the mixing zones, greater shear forces on the material.
- Example 9 succession of chrome tanned leathers
- Different starting materials are treated successively in the extruder, with a screw rotation speed of 250 rpm and a screw / temperature profile which is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing at 30 ° C - conveying at 30 ° C - mixer at 40 ° C - conveying at 60 ° C - mixing at 80 ° C - conveying at 80 ° C - mixing at 90 ° C - conveying at 80 ° C.
- the starting materials all consist of approximately 1 cm sized pieces of chrome tanned calfskin of different colors, bulk density and moisture content: yellow leather (bulk density 0.17 g / cm 3 , rate moisture 12%, 16.37 kg), then dark blue (bulk density 0.17 g / cm 3 , moisture content 12%, 17.56 kg), then orange (bulk density 0.18 g / cm 3 , moisture content 11%, 14.87 kg), then red (bulk density 0.18 g / cm 3 , moisture content 12%, 20.07 kg).
- the initial solid matter input rates for all materials are 4.4 kg dry matter / hr.
- Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 3.3 l / h, except for red leather, for which the flow rate of water is 2.8 l / h.
- the water / initial material weight ratios are equal to 0.89 for yellow, dark blue and orange leathers, and to 0.77 for red leather.
- extrudates obtained successively at the exit of the extruder have very distinct colors. These extrudates are dried in a ventilated oven at 40 ° C. for 24 h.
- Example 10 leather shavings tanned by vegetable tanning agents
- the starting material is a powder of leather shavings of sheep origin in the form of filaments 1 to 7 cm in length, with a bulk density 0.17 g / cm 3 and humidity of 13%.
- Example 7 The conditions used are identical to those of Example 7, with the exception of the inlet flow rate of dry matter, which is 4.35 kg / h and the flow rate of water inlet into the extruder. , which is 2.5 kg / l.
- the speed of rotation of the screws is 200 revolutions / min.
- the final drying step is carried out at 50 ° C for 24 hours.
- a material is obtained in the form of a dry paste which is then ground in a knife mill on a 1 mm grid.
- the bulk density of the powder obtained after grinding in the knife mill is 0.81 g / cm 3 .
- the particle size distribution is as follows: 0.1% of size greater than 2 mm; 2.8% size between 1, 2 and 2 mm; 32.0% size between 0.8 and 1.2mm; 7.0% size between 0.25 and 0.8mm; 43.1% size between 0.125 and 0.25mm; 15.0% size less than 0.125mm.
- the starting material is a leather shaving powder identical to that of Example 10.
- the conditions used are identical to those of Example 7, except for the flow rate of dry matter entering the extruder, which is 4.2 kg / h, and the water flow rate which is 3.6 l / h.
- the speed of rotation of the screws is 250 revolutions / min.
- the extruder also does not have the filtration module.
- the final drying step is carried out at 50 ° C for 24 hours.
- a material is obtained in the form of a powder with a density of 0.36.
- the particle size distribution of this powder is as follows: 2.7% of size greater than 2 mm; 29.1% in size between 1, 2 and 2 mm; 26.6% in size between 0.8 and 1.2 mm; 3.2% size between 0.25 and 0.8mm; 37.8% size between 0.125 and 0.25mm; 0.6% size less than 0.125mm.
- Example 12 Crocodile skin shavings tanned by synthetic agents
- the starting material is a powder of crocodile leather shavings tanned by synthetic agents, in the particulate form of filaments of 1 to 7 cm in length, of bulk density 0, 06 g / cm 3 .
- Example 11 The conditions used are identical to those of Example 11, except for the flow rate of dry matter entering the extruder, which is 4.58 kg / h, and the water flow rate which is of 3.3 l / h.
- the speed of rotation of the screws is 200 revolutions / min.
- the final drying step is carried out at 50 ° C for 24 hours.
- the material obtained is then subjected to a grinding step in a knife mill.
- a material is obtained in the form of a powder with a density of 0.67 and a moisture content of 5%. 41.6% of the grains of this powder have a particle size less than or equal to 0.8 mm.
- Example 13 gray chrome tanned leather
- the initial material is calfskin in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.2 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 13.2%.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder was used for this experiment, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 5.6 kg of dry material / h.
- Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 2.32 kg / h.
- the water / initial material weight ratio is equal to 0.6.
- the temperature profile is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C, mixing at 30 ° C, conveying at 30 ° C, mixing at 40 ° C, conveying at 60 ° C, mixing at 80 ° C, conveying at 90 ° C, mixing at 90 ° C and conveying at 80 ° C.
- the specific energy to which the material is subjected in the extruder is between 1277 and 1345 Wh / kg.
- the output wet material flow rate is 6.76 kg / h.
- the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the extruder is dried in a ventilated oven at 40 ° C. for 24 h.
- a material powder is obtained with an apparent density of 0.6 g / cm 3 , much greater than that of the initial material, and a moisture content of 7.92 %.
- the particle size distribution of this powder is as follows: 4.2% of size greater than 2 mm; 46.7% size between 1 and 2 mm; 20.2% size between 0.8 and 1 mm; 10.8% size between 0.5 and 0.8mm; 1.2% size between 0.25 and 0.5mm; 15.6% size between 0.125 and 0.25mm; 1.4% size between 0.032 and 0.125mm.
- the initial material is calfskin in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.20 g / cm 3 , and a moisture content of 13.5%.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder is used, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the screw profile is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing (angular offset between the lobes 30 °) at 30 ° C - conveying at 40 ° C - mixing (angular offset 90 °) at 50 ° C - conveying at 90 ° C - mixing at 100 ° C - conveying at 80 ° C.
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 7 kg of dry material / h. Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 4.2 l / h (water / initial material weight ratio equal to 0.6 ).
- the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the extruder is dried in a ventilated oven at 40 ° C for 24 h.
- a powder of material with an apparent density of 0.36 g / cm 3 , a moisture content of 8.4%, and a homogeneous grain shape is obtained. 52% of the grains have a size less than 1 mm.
- Example 15 - Calfskin Tanned with Vegetable Tannins The initial material is calfskin in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.21 g / cm 3 , with a moisture content of 12.2%.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder is used, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the screw profile is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing (angular offset between the lobes 30 °) at 30 ° C - conveying at 40 ° C - mixing (angular offset 90 °) at 50 ° C - conveying at 90 ° C - mixing at 100 ° C - conveying at 80 ° C.
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 7 kg of dry material / h.
- Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 4.2 l / h (water / initial material weight ratio equal to 0.6 ).
- the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the extruder is dried in a ventilated oven at 40 ° C for 24 h, then ground in a mill.
- a powder of material is obtained with an apparent density of 0.7 g / cm 3 , a moisture content of 9.1%, and of homogeneous grain shape. 95% of the grains are less than 1 mm in size.
- the initial material is chromium-tanned calfskin in the form of pieces of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.18 g / cm 3 , moisture content 12.63%.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder is used, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the screw profile is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing (angular offset between the lobes 30 °) at 30 ° C - conveying at 40 ° C - mixing (angular offset 90 °) at 50 ° C - conveying at 90 ° C - mixing at 90 ° C - conveying at 80 ° C.
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 7 kg of dry material / h. Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 11.3 l / h (water / initial material weight ratio equal to 1.6 ).
- the extrudate obtained at the outlet of the extruder is in the form of a mixture of granules with a high moisture content (43%), having a particle size distribution such as: 80.7% of the granules have a size greater than 2 mm and 97.6% of the granules have a size greater than 1 mm.
- Comparative example 1 - extrusion at room temperature The starting material is a mixture of chrome-tanned calfskin of different colors (red, blue, yellow, orange) in the form of pieces of size of about 1 cm, of bulk density 0 , 18 g / cm 3 and moisture content of 13%.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder is used, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the temperature in the extruder is set at 25 ° C.
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 5 kg of dry material / h.
- Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 3 l / h (water / initial material weight ratio equal to 0.6).
- a powder is obtained in the form of small fibers, cottony in appearance, without uniformity of shape, the particle size distribution of which is as follows: 25.2% of particles larger than 2 mm, 57.8% of particles larger in size at 1mm, 42.2% of particles smaller than 1mm in size.
- DSC analysis of the powder obtained shows an absence of denaturation of the collagen proteins contained therein (no disappearance of the endothermic peak representative of the collagen denaturation temperature on the DSC curve).
- Comparative example 2 extrusion at a maximum temperature equal to 50 ° C
- the starting material is a mixture of chrome-tanned calfskin of different colors (red, blue, yellow, orange) in the form of pieces of size of approximately 1 cm, with an apparent density of 0.18 g / cm 3 and a moisture content of 13%.
- the Clextral BC-45 extruder is used, with a screw rotation speed of 300 rpm.
- the screw profile is as follows: conveying at 20 ° C - mixing (angular offset between the lobes 30 °) at 30 ° C - conveying at 40 ° C - mixing (angular offset 90 °) at 45 ° C - conveying at 50 ° C - mixing at 50 ° C - conveying at 50 ° C.
- the temperature in the extruder is set at 25 ° C.
- the initial material is introduced at the start of the first conveying zone, with a flow rate of 5 kg of dry material / h. Water is introduced into the extruder at the end of the first conveying zone, just before the first mixing zone, with a flow rate of 3 l / h (water / initial material weight ratio equal to 0.6).
- a sparse cotton powder is obtained with long fibers, the form factor of which differs greatly from one fiber to another.
- 18% of the particles have a size greater than 2 mm and 53.4% a size less than 1 mm.
- the mechanical properties of this powder are not satisfactory.
- the bulk density of this powder is only 0.23 g / cm 3 , much lower than that of the powders prepared in accordance with the invention.
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Abstract
Description
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR2001035A FR3106835B1 (fr) | 2020-02-03 | 2020-02-03 | Procédé de préparation d’une poudre de matériau d’origine naturelle et poudre obtenue par un tel procédé |
| PCT/EP2021/052472 WO2021156273A1 (fr) | 2020-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Procede de preparation d'une poudre de materiau d'origine naturelle |
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| EP4100460A1 true EP4100460A1 (fr) | 2022-12-14 |
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| EP21703645.8A Pending EP4100460A1 (fr) | 2020-02-03 | 2021-02-03 | Procede de preparation d'une poudre de materiau d'origine naturelle |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12351691B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4100460A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3106835B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2021156273A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0418500Y2 (fr) | 1986-06-12 | 1992-04-24 | ||
| JP2561873B2 (ja) * | 1990-05-11 | 1996-12-11 | 出光石油化学株式会社 | 皮革粉含有組成物 |
| JPH082997B2 (ja) * | 1990-10-15 | 1996-01-17 | 出光石油化学株式会社 | 皮革粉含有ゴム組成物及び成形品 |
| BRPI0621510A2 (pt) * | 2006-03-13 | 2011-12-13 | Becker & Co Naturinwerk | pó de colágeno seco, uso e processo para preparação do mesmo, composição a base de colágeno termoplástica homogênea, uso e processo para obter a mesma, artigo em formato sólido e processo para fabricar o mesmo |
| AT506728B1 (de) * | 2008-05-06 | 2011-04-15 | Remy Dr Stoll | Lederwerkstoff und verfahren zur herstellung |
| CN103224696B (zh) * | 2013-04-27 | 2015-04-15 | 宁波工程学院 | 一种皮粉增韧聚乳酸全生物降解组合物的制备方法 |
| WO2017053433A1 (fr) * | 2015-09-21 | 2017-03-30 | Modern Meadow, Inc. | Tissus composites renforcés par des fibres |
| FR3072680B1 (fr) | 2017-10-20 | 2020-11-06 | Authentic Mat | Procede de fabrication d’une piece a partir d’un materiau naturel particulaire et piece obtenue par un tel procede |
| IT201800003401A1 (it) * | 2018-03-09 | 2019-09-09 | Conceria Lufran S R L | Procedimento di produzione di materiale similpelle e materiale così ottenuto. |
| FR3081468B1 (fr) | 2018-05-23 | 2020-05-15 | Authentic Material | Materiau composite a base de matiere naturelle contenant des scleroproteines |
-
2020
- 2020-02-03 FR FR2001035A patent/FR3106835B1/fr active Active
-
2021
- 2021-02-03 US US17/759,892 patent/US12351691B2/en active Active
- 2021-02-03 EP EP21703645.8A patent/EP4100460A1/fr active Pending
- 2021-02-03 WO PCT/EP2021/052472 patent/WO2021156273A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| FR3106835A1 (fr) | 2021-08-06 |
| WO2021156273A1 (fr) | 2021-08-12 |
| US20230129744A1 (en) | 2023-04-27 |
| US12351691B2 (en) | 2025-07-08 |
| FR3106835B1 (fr) | 2022-05-13 |
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