EP4176155A1 - Procédé et dispositif de forage par laser - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de forage par laser

Info

Publication number
EP4176155A1
EP4176155A1 EP21745694.6A EP21745694A EP4176155A1 EP 4176155 A1 EP4176155 A1 EP 4176155A1 EP 21745694 A EP21745694 A EP 21745694A EP 4176155 A1 EP4176155 A1 EP 4176155A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
laser
gas flow
borehole
housing
laser beam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP21745694.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4176155C0 (fr
EP4176155B1 (fr
Inventor
Josef Grotendorst
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Laser Drilling GmbH
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP4176155A1 publication Critical patent/EP4176155A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4176155C0 publication Critical patent/EP4176155C0/fr
Publication of EP4176155B1 publication Critical patent/EP4176155B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/14—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling
    • E21B7/15—Drilling by use of heat, e.g. flame drilling of electrically generated heat
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/12—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using drilling pipes with plural fluid passages, e.g. closed circulation systems
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
    • E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/003—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings with electrically conducting or insulating means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/028—Electrical or electro-magnetic connections
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B36/00—Heating, cooling or insulating arrangements for boreholes or wells, e.g. for use in permafrost zones
    • E21B36/003—Insulating arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for driving a borehole into a rock formation by applying a laser beam to the bottom of the borehole, which is generated by a laser beam generator located outside the borehole and, by means of suitable aids, to one at the Borehole bottom located, with a drill pipe connected laser drill head is supplied, wherein the laser drill head is supplied via the drill pipe nitrogen, which is divided into in the area of the laser drill head
  • Such a device is known, for example, from US 2010/0044102 A1.
  • a flexible tube is used as an aid for supplying the laser beam and for supplying nitrogen, which is required as a protective gas and conveying gas, for example a spiral tube, in the interior of which a fiber optic cable is arranged for the passage of the laser beam and in the tube still leaves enough space for a sufficient amount of nitrogen to pass through.
  • the protective gas flow and the laser beam emerge together through an opening facing the bottom of the borehole on the underside of the laser drill head and hit the bottom of the borehole together.
  • the energy of the laser beam striking the bottom of the borehole removes the rock material there, namely - depending on the rock material - by melting, evaporation and / or by spallation.
  • the thermally detached rock material is then displaced towards the edge of the borehole bottom by the inert gas stream that hits the bottom of the borehole at the same time and is there by the suction of the in Detects the direction of discharge aligned conveying gas flow which discharges the material detached from the borehole bottom from the borehole via the annular space present between the drill pipe and the borehole wall.
  • a laser beam with such a high power can no longer be easily transmitted over a fiber optic cable, especially if this has to be 2000 m to 10,000 m long because of the desired borehole depth.
  • glass fiber cables have a relatively high attenuation, so that the fed-in laser beam no longer arrives at the laser drill head with sufficient intensity with such a length of the glass fiber cable.
  • the required increase in the power of the laser beam leads to thermal problems because the energy introduced with the laser beam and released in the form of heat at the bottom of the borehole would lead to inadmissible overheating of the laser drill head and the drill rod.
  • the supplied quantities of gaseous nitrogen of the protective gas flow and the conveying gas flow are insufficient to dissipate the excess heat to a sufficient extent.
  • the intensive application of a cold protective gas flow to the bottom of the borehole turns into a thermal one Short-circuit in the area of the bottom of the borehole would result, which would hinder the thermal separation process of the rock material from the bottom of the borehole.
  • the invention based on the method of the type mentioned at the outset, provides
  • Partial flow is branched off, which is heated by means of an electrical heating device assigned to the laser drill head and directed against the bottom of the borehole acted upon by the laser beam.
  • the nitrogen is still fed to the laser drill head in the liquid state and is only converted into the gaseous state in the area of the laser head, stands for the cooling of the laser drill head, the protective gas flow, the conveying gas flow and the drill pipe coolant is available in sufficient quantities.
  • the transition of the state of aggregation is extremely endothermic and increases the volume supplied considerably, so that in the area of the laser drill head a sufficient amount of cold nitrogen gas can be made available and distributed as required to avoid overheating phenomena
  • the above-mentioned thermal short circuit is finally avoided by the electrically preheated heating gas flow which is finally provided according to the invention and is directed towards the bottom of the borehole.
  • This heating gas flow is preferably even given a temperature which is close to the melting temperature of the rock in question.
  • liquid nitrogen is additionally used as the conveying gas, which is injected in the area of the laser drill head into the conveying gas stream flowing back from the borehole bottom and loaded with the rock material detached from the borehole bottom and there while cooling the conveying gas stream and the rock material located therein is converted into the gaseous state of aggregation.
  • the liquid nitrogen used for this purpose is diverted within the laser drill head from the liquid nitrogen flow supplied to the laser drill head via the drill rods.
  • a further partial flow serving as a cooling gas flow is branched off, which is led out of the borehole via the drill rods and thereby cools the drill rod from the inside. This also ensures that the interior of the drill rod is not unnecessarily supplied with heat from the conveying gas flow.
  • a further partial flow serving as a cleaning gas flow is branched off, which keeps the laser beam exit opening of the laser drill head facing the borehole bottom and covered with an expander lens clean. This avoids that the light-permeable covered laser beam exit opening is contaminated by suspended solids from the detached rock material rising from the bottom of the borehole and thus becomes less permeable to the laser beam.
  • the invention also relates to a device for carrying out the method discussed above.
  • This device is initially characterized by a special design of the drill rod.
  • This drill pipe has:
  • a laser guide tube through which the protective gas flow flows for the passage of the laser beam - A double tube surrounding the laser guide tube concentrically and at a radial distance, its
  • one or more of the tubes surrounded by the outer protective tube are provided with electrical conductors for conducting electrical energy and electrical signals to the laser drill head.
  • such a drill pipe enables the largely undamped passage of a high-power laser beam through the laser guide tube; Conveying gas flow and the transmission of electrical energy and electrical signals to the laser drill head.
  • the outer protective tube is made of steel and the tubes arranged inside the protective tube are made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP).
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • the outer protective tube made of steel, gives the entire drill pipe the required stability and insensitivity to unintentional overheating from the outside.
  • the material used for the inner tubes is characterized by its low weight and extremely high strength and is also good heat-insulating and largely electrically insulating.
  • the device for carrying out the method according to the invention is characterized in that the laser drill head has a housing, the housing cover of which is attached to the outer protective tube of the drill rod, the housing also being provided with:
  • a passage channel for the laser beam that runs through the housing and adjoins the laser guide tube of the drill rod, the exit opening of which is covered in a translucent manner by an expander lens in the area of the housing bottom,
  • Heating jet nozzles for the heating gas flow which are arranged in the bottom of the housing and are directed towards the bottom of the borehole,
  • an electrical heating device arranged in the interior of the housing for the heating gas flow - as well as with solenoid valves and volume flow regulators for the control and regulation of all nitrogen
  • Partial flows With such a laser drill head, it is possible to feed the laser beam arriving via the laser guide tube of the drill rod largely undamped to the bottom of the borehole and to vaporize the liquid nitrogen supplied via the double tube of the drill rod and divide it into the various partial flows in a volume flow-controlled manner. It is also useful if the partial flow serving as the cooling gas flow runs through the housing interior and the housing interior is connected to the annular space between the outer protective tube and the insulation tube of the drill rod. As a result, the cooling gas flow responsible for cooling the housing also has the function of keeping the outside of the drill rod sufficiently cool.
  • cleaning nozzles for the partial flow serving as cleaning gas flow are arranged in the housing base, which run parallel to the underside of the housing base and are aligned with the expansion lens covering the passage opening for the laser beam.
  • the passage channel for the laser beam is provided with inlet openings for the partial flow serving as shielding gas flow within the laser drill head housing.
  • holding devices for holding lenses and / or mirror systems that guide the laser beam are arranged in the interior of the passage for the laser beam and / or the laser guide tube at a distance from one another, these holding devices being designed to be gas-permeable for the protective gas flow.
  • Figure 1 Schematically a longitudinal section through the in his
  • Figure 2 Schematically a cross section through the drill pipe.
  • the laser drill head is designated in its entirety with the reference number 1 and the drill rods carrying the laser drill head 1 in its entirety with the reference number 2.
  • the laser drill head 1 and the drill rod 2 are located in a borehole 4 introduced into a rock formation 3 with a borehole wall 4a and a borehole bottom 4b.
  • the laser drill head 1 which is held in its working position at a small distance above the borehole bottom 4b, has an essentially cylindrical housing 5, the housing cover 5a of which is connected to the drill rod 2. Furthermore, the housing 5 has a housing bottom 5b which is arranged at a distance from the borehole bottom 4b and which is provided in the center with a passage opening 6 for a laser beam 7 fed in via the drill rod 2 and passed on through the housing 5. In the passage opening 6 there is an expander lens 8 which expands the incoming laser beam 7 to such an extent that the entire borehole bottom 4b is acted upon by the laser beam 7. In the housing base 5b there are also heating jet nozzles 9, which generate heating gas flows 10 directed in the direction of the borehole bottom 4b and are supplied with heating gas from electrical heating devices 11 arranged in the interior of the housing 5.
  • cleaning nozzles 12 in the housing bottom 5b which are aligned parallel to the underside of the housing bottom 5b in the direction of the centrally arranged expander lens 8 and from a nitrogen collecting container 13 located inside the housing 5 with clean, gaseous nitrogen as the cleaning gas stream 14 for keeping clean the expander lens 8 are supplied.
  • the housing 5 of the laser drill head 1 has a housing jacket 5c, which leaves an annular space free all around the borehole wall 4a for the passage of a conveying gas flow 15 that rises from the borehole bottom 4b and is laden with the detached rock material.
  • This conveying gas flow 15 has its origin in the edge region of the borehole bottom 4b, which is acted upon by the heating gas flow 10, and carries the rock material detached from the borehole bottom out of the borehole 4.
  • conveying jet nozzles 16 and 17 are arranged in the housing jacket 5c of the housing 5 of the laser drill head 1, which run inclined in the direction of the conveying gas flow 15 and can be exposed to liquid and / or gaseous nitrogen from inside the housing 5. Insofar as liquid nitrogen is introduced via the conveying jet nozzles 16, this contributes particularly intensively to the cooling of rock material contained in the conveying gas stream 15.
  • a specially designed drill rod 1 is provided, which is explained in detail below.
  • This drill rod 1 consists of several tubes arranged concentrically one inside the other, namely:
  • the annular spaces surrounding the double tube 21 are evacuated towards the laser guide tube 19 and towards the insulation tube 21 in order to keep the liquid nitrogen flowing through the annular space of the double tube 21 sufficiently thermally insulated.
  • the annular space between the outer protective tube 23 and the insulation tube 22 is connected to a cooling gas flow 24 which is returned from the housing 5 of the laser drill head 1 and which cools the outside of the drill rod 2 sufficiently.
  • the outer protective tube 23 is made of steel and ensures good stability and resilience of the entire drill rod 1. All of the tubes located inside the protective tube 23, namely the laser guide tube 19, the double tube 21 and the insulation tube 22, on the other hand, are made of carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP ).
  • CFRP carbon fiber reinforced plastic
  • one or more of the tubes surrounded by the outer protective tube 23 are provided with electrical conductors, not shown in detail in the drawing, for conducting electrical energy and electrical signals in the direction of the laser drill head 1.
  • the drill rod 1 To simplify the handling of the drill rod 1, it is divided into length sections, each of which can be connected to one another at its ends by screwable socket and tenon connections 25, 26, the adjacent sections of the laser guide tube 19 in the area of these socket and tenon connections 25, 26 as well as the annular space of the double tube 21 and the annular space between the outer protective tube 23 and the insulating tube 22 are connected to one another in alignment and pressure-tight.
  • the mutually adjacent sections of the electrical conductors are connected to one another in an electrically conductive manner.
  • the annular spaces that are present in the individual sections of the drill rod 2 and are evacuated for the purpose of insulating the double pipe 21 are, on the other hand, individually closed in a pressure-tight manner and are not connected to one another.
  • holding devices 27 for holding the lens or mirror systems guiding the laser beam 7 are finally arranged at a distance from one another, these holding devices being designed to be permeable to the protective gas flow 18, ie are provided with corresponding through-holes on the edge.
  • the housing 5 of the laser drilling head 1 there are several solenoid valves 28 and volume flow regulators 29, which can be controlled via the signal conductors contained in the drill rod 2 and distribute the liquid nitrogen supplied to the housing 5 via the double pipe 21 to the feed jet nozzles 15, the collecting container 13, as required for gaseous nitrogen, the heating devices 11 for the heating gas flow 10 and the interior of the housing. Included the control and regulation takes place in such a way that the system remains in thermodynamic equilibrium despite the energy supplied by the laser beam.
  • a laser beam 7 with a power of 500 kW to 700 kW is fed into the laser guide tube 19 from a high-power laser generator located outside the borehole 2 and fed to the laser drill head 1.
  • the laser guide tube 19 is acted upon from below by the protective gas stream 18 consisting of clean nitrogen gas, so that the laser beam is hardly attenuated on its way to the laser drill head 1.
  • the laser beam 7 is then expanded with the aid of the expander lens 8 to such an extent that it covers the entire borehole bottom 5b.
  • the bottom of the borehole 4b is exposed to the heating gas flow 10, which has previously been brought to a temperature by means of the heating device 11 that is close to or even above the melting temperature of the rock on the bottom of the borehole 4b.
  • rock material is removed from the surface of the borehole bottom 4b by melting, evaporation or spallation and is displaced by the heating gas flow 10 to the outer edge of the borehole bottom 4b.
  • an upwardly directed conveying gas flow 15, loaded with the removed rock material, is formed in this edge area and pushes upward through the annular space between the housing jacket 5c and the borehole wall 4a.
  • Liquid nitrogen and / or gaseous nitrogen is then blown into this rising conveying gas flow with the aid of the conveying jet nozzles 16 and 17, whereby the conveying gas flow 15 is cooled and at the same time intensified.
  • This conveying gas flow 15 loaded with the rock material is then discharged from the borehole 2 via the annular space between the drill rod 2 and the borehole wall 4 a.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de forage par laser au moyen d'un générateur de faisceau laser situé à l'extérieur du trou de forage, procédé selon lequel de l'azote liquide est amené à la tête de forage par laser par l'intermédiaire de tiges de forage, l'azote liquide passant à l'état gazeux dans la zone de la tête de forage et étant divisé en un flux de gaz protecteur (18) parcourant le tube de guidage laser (19) en direction de la surface de la terre et en un flux de gaz transporteur (15) qui évacue la matière rocheuse détachée à travers l'espace annulaire. Un flux de gaz chaud (10) est chauffé dans le dispositif de chauffage électrique (11) et dirigé contre le fond du trou de forage soumis à l'action du faisceau laser.
EP21745694.6A 2020-07-03 2021-07-02 Méthode et dispositif pour le forage avec laser Active EP4176155B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102020117655.4A DE102020117655A1 (de) 2020-07-03 2020-07-03 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Einbringen eines Bohrloches in eine Gesteinsformation
PCT/EP2021/068291 WO2022003147A1 (fr) 2020-07-03 2021-07-02 Procédé et dispositif de forage par laser

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4176155A1 true EP4176155A1 (fr) 2023-05-10
EP4176155C0 EP4176155C0 (fr) 2024-09-18
EP4176155B1 EP4176155B1 (fr) 2024-09-18

Family

ID=77042907

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP21745694.6A Active EP4176155B1 (fr) 2020-07-03 2021-07-02 Méthode et dispositif pour le forage avec laser

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US12163426B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP4176155B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7656638B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN115735048A (fr)
AU (1) AU2021299975A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA3184568A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102020117655A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL4176155T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2022003147A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN119187874A (zh) * 2024-11-26 2024-12-27 深圳公大激光有限公司 一种厚板材料激光焊接系统和方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4541055A (en) * 1982-09-01 1985-09-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp. Laser machining system
JPS62224489A (ja) * 1986-03-26 1987-10-02 Mitsubishi Electric Corp レ−ザ光学系保護装置
JP2002033540A (ja) * 2000-06-14 2002-01-31 Lambda Physik Ag レーザシステム
US20050077090A1 (en) * 2003-08-13 2005-04-14 Ramamurthy Viswanadham Apparatus and method for selective laser-applied cladding
RU2522016C2 (ru) * 2008-08-20 2014-07-10 Форо Энерджи Инк. Способ и система для проходки ствола скважины с использованием лазера большой мощности
US8627901B1 (en) * 2009-10-01 2014-01-14 Foro Energy, Inc. Laser bottom hole assembly
DE102008049943A1 (de) * 2008-10-02 2010-04-08 Werner Foppe Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Schmelzbohren
DE102014106843B4 (de) * 2014-05-15 2020-09-17 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zum Einbringen eines Bohrlochs
CN104775759B (zh) * 2015-04-28 2016-11-30 中石化石油工程机械有限公司研究院 一种综合破岩钻头
CN106837176B (zh) * 2017-03-22 2023-10-03 中国矿业大学(北京) 一种用于钻井的激光破岩方法和装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA3184568A1 (fr) 2022-01-06
EP4176155C0 (fr) 2024-09-18
PL4176155T3 (pl) 2025-01-20
EP4176155B1 (fr) 2024-09-18
CN115735048A (zh) 2023-03-03
JP7656638B2 (ja) 2025-04-03
US20230287742A1 (en) 2023-09-14
WO2022003147A1 (fr) 2022-01-06
JP2023532311A (ja) 2023-07-27
US12163426B2 (en) 2024-12-10
DE102020117655A1 (de) 2022-01-05
AU2021299975A1 (en) 2023-02-09

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