EP4200449B1 - Méthode de production d'une tôle d'acier électrique - Google Patents

Méthode de production d'une tôle d'acier électrique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP4200449B1
EP4200449B1 EP21769633.5A EP21769633A EP4200449B1 EP 4200449 B1 EP4200449 B1 EP 4200449B1 EP 21769633 A EP21769633 A EP 21769633A EP 4200449 B1 EP4200449 B1 EP 4200449B1
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Prior art keywords
steel sheet
region
heating
cooling
holding
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German (de)
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EP4200449A1 (fr
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Christian DORFBAUER
Marius KREUZEDER
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Nanoneal Technologies GmbH
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Nanoneal Technologies GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
    • B21B1/28—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by cold-rolling, e.g. Steckel cold mill
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    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
    • C21D1/32—Soft annealing, e.g. spheroidising
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    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
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    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1216—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/1233—Cold rolling
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
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    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1277—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a particular surface treatment
    • C21D8/1283—Application of a separating or insulating coating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/005—Furnaces in which the charge is moving up or down
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
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    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/561—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with a controlled atmosphere or vacuum
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/562—Details
    • C21D9/563—Rolls; Drums; Roll arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
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    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/562—Details
    • C21D9/564—Tension control
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/66—Tower-type furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/221—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by cold-rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
    • C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0006—Details, accessories not peculiar to any of the following furnaces
    • C21D9/0012—Rolls; Roll arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for processing a silicon-containing, cold-rolled steel sheet with a thermal treatment for producing a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • steel sheets made of iron-silicon alloys with a high silicon content, in particular with a silicon content of more than 1.5% by weight are of great interest.
  • Such steel sheets commonly referred to as electrical sheet or electrical strip, have a higher saturation magnetization in combination with higher values of electrical resistance and therefore offer the advantage of lower magnetic losses, especially in applications at higher frequencies.
  • the steel alloys are first melted and then cast into so-called slabs. This raw material is then used in a hot rolling process to produce so-called hot strips. If the raw material has cooled down in the meantime, this requires the surfaces to be reheated and descaled to remove any remaining oxide layers. This is usually done by means of a chemical surface treatment known as pickling. The hot strips obtained are then rolled into cold strips. Finally, the strips are heat treated in annealing furnaces, with the annealing process producing a crystalline structure that promotes the desired properties.
  • the strips are wound into rolls, so-called coils.
  • intermediate stations are provided in the production facilities where the rolls are unwound and the ends of the rolls delivered one after the other are welded together.
  • the continuous strips are cut and rewound into rolls.
  • the JP S61-119620 A describes an annealing process for a strip of non-grain-oriented silicon steel with a silicon content of 1 to 4 wt.%, cold-rolled to a wall thickness of 0.15 to 0.6 mm.
  • the process takes place in a vertical, continuously operated annealing furnace under an inert gas atmosphere and at a holding temperature of 760 to 950 °C.
  • This process can eliminate a disadvantageous deteriorating magnetism of products due to plastic deformation associated with bending along the hearth roll.
  • the JP H09-302413 A describes a manufacturing or processing method for a non-grain-oriented soft magnetic steel strip containing up to 4% silicon by weight.
  • the steel is continuously cast, hot-rolled into a strip, cold-rolled to a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and finally preheated in a vertically operated annealing plant, kept at a temperature of max. ⁇ 860 °C and cooled again at 10 to 50 °C/s.
  • the strip is subjected to a tensile stress of up to ⁇ 70 MPa.
  • a silicon steel sheet with good magnetic properties can be produced by using a hearth roll with a certain roll diameter or a crowning in certain areas by continuous annealing in a vertical furnace.
  • the JP H01-234524 A describes the production of a silicon steel sheet with up to 4 wt.% Si, whereby a cold-rolled steel sheet is passed through a vertical continuous annealing furnace while the stress of the steel sheet is adjusted to ⁇ 1.0 kg/mm 2 and the cooling rate at a temperature of 900-400 °C is adjusted to between 4-25 °C/s. This process prevents the occurrence of distortions and produces a non-oriented silicon steel sheet with low magnetic field properties.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a method for processing a silicon-containing, cold-rolled steel sheet, which enables the production of a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip with improved magnetic properties as well as with a significantly improved surface quality.
  • This object of the invention is achieved by a method for processing a silicon-containing, cold-rolled steel sheet with a thermal treatment for producing a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip, wherein the heating region and the holding region extend between the furnace inlet region and the deflection rollers and that in a cross-section of a region of the steel sheet with the maximum temperature there is a tensile stress whose value is less than 5 MPa.
  • the steel sheet in the heating region is heated during a heating phase to a maximum temperature in a range from 920° to 1150°C, preferably from 950 °C to 1100 °C.
  • the heating of the steel sheet in the heating phase is carried out in a first section with a heating rate of 100 °C/s to 1000 °C/s and in a second section with a heating rate of 3 °C/s to 50 °C/s.
  • the steel sheet is held at the maximum temperature in the holding area in a holding phase with a duration of 5 s to 45 s, preferably with a duration of 10 s to 30 s.
  • the steel sheet is cooled, following the holding phase, between the holding area and the deflection rollers to a first intermediate temperature of 200 °C to 1050 °C, preferably from 400 °C to 900 °C, wherein the cooling is carried out at a cooling rate of 3 °C/s to 30 °C/s, preferably at a cooling rate of 5 °C/s to 15 °C/s.
  • a preferred heat treatment of the steel sheet provides that the steel sheet is cooled after the deflection rollers in a first section from the first intermediate temperature to a second intermediate temperature in a range from 200 °C to 1050 °C, preferably from 400 °C to 900 °C, wherein the cooling is carried out at a cooling rate of 3 °C/s to 30 °C/s, preferably at a cooling rate of 5 °C/s to 15 °C/s.
  • the steel sheet is subsequently cooled further from the second intermediate temperature in a second section during the movement to the furnace exit region, wherein the cooling is carried out at a cooling rate of 3 °C/s to 60 °C/s, preferably at a cooling rate of 15 °C/s to 35 °C/s.
  • the procedure whereby a protective gas atmosphere consisting predominantly of hydrogen with a hydrogen content of greater than 99% (vol. %) is provided in the annealing system has the advantage that a new formation of oxide layers on the surface can be avoided.
  • the protective gas atmosphere contains a very small amount of water vapor, in particular a proportion corresponding to a dew point of -70 °C to -45 °C.
  • the process is particularly suitable for steel sheet with a thickness of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the application of the method is particularly suitable for the treatment of electrical strip made of alloyed steels with alloying components in the weight proportions of Si: 1.5% to 6%, preferably 2% to 4%, Al: 0.05% to 2%, C: ⁇ 0.01%, preferably ⁇ 0.005%, Mn: 0.05% to 5%, P: 0.01% to 0.2%, S: ⁇ 0.01%, preferably ⁇ 0.005%, and N: ⁇ 0.01%, preferably ⁇ 0.005%.
  • the Fig. 1 shows a device 1 in the form of a production line for processing a silicon-containing, cold-rolled steel sheet 2 with a thermal treatment to produce a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip.
  • the steel sheet 2 that is subjected to a thermal treatment in the device 1 is a cold-rolled steel strip with a thickness in a range of 0.05 mm to 0.5 mm.
  • the steel sheet 2 is provided in a strip-shaped state during the processing method and is moved through stations of the production line arranged one behind the other in a continuous process during processing.
  • the device 1 On the input side, the device 1 comprises a preparation station 4 for preparing the steel sheet 2 fed as an endless belt.
  • the preparation station 4 which is shown as only one component, represents several individual processing stations or preparatory work such as unwinding the cold-rolled steel sheet 2 from corresponding rolls, welding the successive ends of several rolls together to form an endless belt and preparatory cleaning or degreasing of the surfaces.
  • a belt storage device 5 arranged downstream ensures that different movement speeds of the steel sheet 2 between the preparation station 4 and subsequent processing stations are compensated or adjusted.
  • the cold-rolled steel sheet 2 is then subjected to a thermal treatment in the annealing plant 3, whereby - as shown below in the illustrations in the Fig. 2 described - the steel sheet 2 is moved in the annealing plant 3 in a vertical conveying direction.
  • the thermal treatment of the steel sheet 2 in the annealing plant 3 changes its crystalline structure in such a way that the magnetic properties of the electrical steel strip finally obtained are improved.
  • the vertical conveying direction of the steel sheet 2 during this thermal treatment means that contact or rolling of otherwise required conveyor rollers on the steel sheet 2 can be avoided, particularly at high temperatures of the steel sheet 2, as a result of which these electrical steel strips have a high level of uniformity on their surfaces.
  • it passes through a heating area, a holding area and a cooling area during the thermal treatment in the annealing plant 3, each with a special, adapted temperature profile over time.
  • the device comprises a control device 6, by means of which both the temperatures in the aforementioned areas of the annealing system 3 and the speed of movement of the steel sheet 2 are controlled in order to achieve the corresponding temporal temperature profiles.
  • the control of the processing method in the device 1 is also based on information from subsequent control devices for monitoring the quality of the steel sheet 2 obtained.
  • the steel sheet 2 After leaving the annealing system 3, the steel sheet 2 passes through a measuring station 7 in which the magnetic properties of the steel sheet 2 are detected after the heat treatment. In the event of deviations from the desired properties of the steel sheet 2, it is It is possible to automatically exert a corrective influence on the processing method - in particular in the annealing system 3 - using the control device 6. In addition to detecting the magnetic properties of the steel sheet 2 in the measuring station 7, this can also be equipped to measure other properties, such as geometric dimensions of the processed steel sheet 2.
  • the device 1 for carrying out the processing method subsequently also comprises a coating station 8 for applying and subsequently drying a protective layer on the steel sheet 2.
  • a coating measuring station 9 is then provided in which the thickness and uniformity of the protective layer applied to the steel sheet 2 is measured and thus checked.
  • a further strip storage unit 10 and a subsequent post-processing station 11 are provided on the output side. The latter primarily serves to cut the steel sheet 2, which runs as an endless strip through the device 1, into partial strips and to wind them onto individual rolls.
  • the Fig. 2 shows as detail the Fig. 1 the annealing plant 3 in a simplified schematic representation of its components.
  • This plant for the thermal treatment of the steel sheet 2 comprises, in the order of the direction of movement of the steel sheet 2, a furnace entry area 12, a rapid heating area 13 and a vertical furnace 14. In the uppermost end area of the vertical furnace 14, this is followed by a holding area or holding zone 15. Further in the ascending strand of the steel sheet 2 there is a first cooling zone 16 and in an upper end area of the annealing plant 3 there is a deflection area 17. This has deflection rollers 18 over which the steel sheet 2 is guided and thus transferred from the ascending strand to the descending strand of the annealing plant 3. The deflection area 17 arranged in the upper end area of the annealing plant 3 is followed by a second cooling zone 19, a third cooling zone 20 and finally a furnace exit area 21.
  • the steel sheet 2 is moved in the annealing system 3 in a protective gas atmosphere consisting predominantly of hydrogen.
  • the protective gas atmosphere contains hydrogen at a rate of more than 99%. Since the steel sheet 2 is continuously moved through the interior of the annealing system 3 in a continuous process, it is particularly important that the transitions of the steel sheet 2 as it enters the furnace inlet area 12 and leaving the annealing system 3 through the furnace outlet area 21 are designed to be as gas-tight as possible. Accordingly, the furnace inlet area 12 and the furnace outlet area 21 each have special gas seals. Optionally, seals can also be provided at the transition between the rapid heating area 13 and the vertical furnace 14 and between the vertical furnace 14 and the first cooling zone 16.
  • the protective gas atmosphere in the annealing system 3 which consists of more than 99% hydrogen, it is also intended that only as few residues of water vapor as possible are contained.
  • the protective gas atmosphere preferably contains water vapor with a proportion corresponding to a dew point of -70 °C to -45 °C.
  • This protective gas atmosphere with more than 99% hydrogen and the particularly low water vapor proportion is maintained at least in the volume extending from the furnace inlet area 12 through the heating area, the holding zone 15 and the deflection area 17.
  • a protective gas atmosphere with a lower purity can also be provided.
  • the rapid heating area 13 and the vertical furnace 14 together form the heating area of the annealing system 3.
  • the thermal energy supplied to the steel sheet 2 by the rapid heating area 13 and the vertical furnace 14 during its upward movement finally heats the latter to a maximum temperature in a range from 920 °C to 1,150 °C.
  • the steel sheet 2 is simultaneously subjected to a tensile load corresponding to the dead weight of the steel sheet 2 hanging further down.
  • the dimensions of the rapid heating area 13, the vertical furnace 14 and the furnace inlet area 12 are dimensioned such that a height 24 of an area of the steel sheet 2 with its maximum temperature is so large that the tensile stress prevailing in the steel sheet 2 is less than 5 MPa.
  • the height 24 is preferably selected so that the tensile stress is less than 4 MPa.
  • the height 24 of the area with the maximum temperature in the annealing system 3 corresponds to approximately half the total height of the annealing system 3.
  • the prevailing tensile stress does not exceed a value of 5 MPa.
  • the prevailing tensile stress is kept at a value that is less than 4 MPa.
  • the thermal treatment of the steel sheet 2 in the annealing plant 3 is described below with reference to the Fig. 3 explained in more detail.
  • the Fig. 3 shows a diagram of the temporal progression of the temperature of the steel sheet 2 during its thermal treatment.
  • a heating phase 25, a holding phase 26 and a cooling phase 27 are to be distinguished.
  • heating takes place with a very steeply rising temperature curve in the first section with a heating rate of 100 °C/s to 600 °C/s.
  • This rapid heating of the steel sheet 2 is achieved by the rapid heating area 13 ( Fig. 2 ).
  • the steel sheet is further heated to a maximum temperature at a heating rate of 10 °C/s to 50 °C/s.
  • This second part of the heating phase is carried out in the vertical furnace 14.
  • the heating of the steel sheet 2 preferably takes place to a maximum temperature in a range from 950 °C to 1,100 °C.
  • the temperature is then kept at the maximum temperature for the duration of the holding phase 26.
  • the length or duration of the holding phase 26 is in a range from 5 seconds to 45 seconds, preferably in a range from 10 seconds to 30 seconds.
  • the temperature of the steel sheet 2 then passes into the cooling phase 27.
  • the steel sheet 2 is first cooled from the maximum temperature to a first intermediate temperature with a value in a range of 200 °C to 1100 °C, preferably 400 °C to 900 °C, corresponding to the movement of the steel sheet 2 in the first cooling zone 16 between the holding zone 15 and the deflection region 17. Cooling to the first intermediate temperature takes place comparatively slowly with a cooling rate of 3 °C/s to 20 °C/s, preferably with a cooling rate of 5 °C/s to 15 °C/s.
  • the steel sheet 2 is cooled from the second intermediate temperature to approximately room temperature, wherein the cooling is carried out at a cooling rate of 10 °C/s to 50 °C/s.
  • the temperature curve during cooling i.e. during the transition from the maximum temperature via the first intermediate temperature in the deflection region 17 to the second intermediate temperature and finally to the final cooling to room temperature, at least two different variants can be distinguished.
  • Example 1 After the holding area in the holding zone 15, the temperature of the steel sheet 2 is reduced in the first cooling zone 16 to a first intermediate temperature value of around 800 °C. With this first intermediate temperature value, the steel sheet 2 is guided over the deflection rollers 18 in the deflection area 17 and cooling is then continued in the second cooling zone 19 at an initially lower cooling rate. In the second cooling zone 19, the temperature is reduced at a cooling rate of around 10 °C/s. Only when the steel sheet 2 has reached a second intermediate temperature value in a range of 600 °C to 700 °C is cooling continued in the third cooling zone 20 at a cooling rate of typically 35 °C/s.
  • Example 2 In this variant, a value of the first intermediate temperature of the steel sheet 2 of approximately 600 °C is already reached in the first cooling zone 16. After the deflection of the steel sheet 2 in the deflection area 17 on the deflection rollers 18, the further cooling can then be continued at the high cooling rate of typically 35 °C/s - in the course of the second cooling zone 19 as the third cooling zone 20.
  • the Fig. 4 shows an alternative embodiment of the annealing system 3 for the thermal treatment of the steel sheet 2 according to Fig. 1 .
  • the vertical furnace 14 is provided immediately after the furnace inlet area 12. This means that in comparison to the design according to the illustration in Fig. 2 no rapid heating area 13 is included and the heating of the steel sheet 2 to the maximum temperature takes place solely with the help of the vertical furnace 14.
  • the vertical furnace 14 can comprise a gas-operated or - preferably - an electric heating system. The heating of the steel sheet 2 takes place in this annealing system 3 at a heating rate between 5 °C/s and 100 °C/s.
  • FIG. 5 Another variant of an alternative glow plug system 3 is shown in the Fig. 5 shown schematically in a simplified form.
  • this glow plug system 3 corresponds to the example according to the Fig. 4 , in that only the vertical furnace 14 is provided for this purpose.
  • a coating station 8 follows in the descending strand ( Fig. 1 ). This is designed for a vertical conveying direction of the steel sheet 2 and comprises a coating zone 22 and a drying zone 23.
  • the described method of processing the silicon-containing, cold-rolled steel sheet 2 with the thermal treatment in the device 1 advantageously enables the production of a non-grain-oriented electrical steel strip with a high degree of homogeneity in its crystalline structure, improved magnetic properties and a significantly improved surface quality.
  • the application of the method is particularly suitable for the treatment of electrical steel strip made of alloyed steels with alloy components in the weight proportions of Si: 1.5% to 6%, preferably 2% to 4%, Al: 0.05% to 2%, C: ⁇ 0.01%, preferably ⁇ 0.005%, Mn: 0.05% to 5%, P: 0.01% to 0.2%, S: ⁇ 0.01%, preferably ⁇ 0.005%, and N: ⁇ 0.01%, preferably ⁇ 0.005%.
  • the risk of oxide growth on the deflection roller when processing the steel sheet 2 can be high, even with the high Si, Al and Mn contents in the strip combined. with high deflection temperatures. This can prevent periodic strip impressions and thus system downtimes.
  • the throughput of device 1 can be increased by higher deflection temperatures of the strip.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Steel Electrode Plates (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Procédé d'usinage d'une tôle d'acier (2) laminée à froid contenant du silicium avec un traitement thermique pour la fabrication d'une bande électrique à grains non orientés, dans lequel la tôle d'acier (2) contient une part de silicium entre 1,5 % et 6 % en poids et dans lequel la tôle d'acier (2) est mise à disposition sous la forme d'une bande et est déplacée, pendant le traitement thermique, dans un processus en continu, à travers une installation de recuit (3) avec une zone de chauffage, une zone de maintien et une zone de refroidissement, dans lequel la tôle d'acier (2) est déplacée, dans l'installation de recuit (3), dans une direction de transport verticale et dans lequel la tôle d'acier (2) est déplacée, dans l'installation de recuit (3), d'une zone d'entrée de four (12), qui est disposée dans une zone d'extrémité inférieure de l'installation de recuit (3), en passant par des rouleaux de renvoi, qui sont disposés dans une zone d'extrémité supérieure de l'installation de recuit (3), vers une zone de sortie de four (21), qui est disposée dans la zone d'extrémité inférieure de l'installation de recuit (3), caractérisé en ce que la zone de chauffage et la zone de maintien s'étendent entre la zone d'entrée de four (12) et les rouleaux de renvoi (18) et en ce que, dans une section transversale d'une zone de la tôle d'acier (2) avec la température maximale, il règne une tension de traction dont la valeur est inférieure à 5 MPa.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) est chauffée, dans la zone de chauffage, pendant une phase de chauffage (25), à une température maximale de l'ordre de 920 °C à 1 150 °C, de préférence de 950 C à 1 100 °C.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage de la tôle d'acier (2) dans la phase de chauffage (25) est effectué avec une vitesse de chauffage de 5 °C/s à 100 °C/s.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que le chauffage de la tôle d'acier (2) dans la phase de chauffage (25) est effectuée dans une première portion avec une vitesse de chauffage de 100 °C/s à 1 000 °C/s et dans une deuxième portion avec une vitesse de chauffage de 3 °C/s à 50 °C/s.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) est maintenue, dans une phase de maintien (26), avec une durée de 5 s à 45 s, de préférence avec une durée de 10 s à 30 s, à la température maximale.
  6. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans la section transversale de la zone de la tôle d'acier (2) avec la température maximale, il règne une tension de traction dont la valeur est inférieure à 4 MPa.
  7. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que, dans les sections transversales de la zone de la tôle d'acier (2) avec la température maximale, la tension de traction est générée de manière variable en fonction du temps.
  8. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 5 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) est refroidie, après la phase de maintien (26), entre la zone de maintien et les rouleaux de renvoi (18), à une première température intermédiaire de 200 °C à 1100 °C, de préférence de 400 °C à 900 °C, dans lequel le refroidissement est effectué avec une vitesse de refroidissement de 3 °C/s à 20 °C/s, de préférence avec une vitesse de refroidissement de 5 °C/s à 15 °C/s.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) est refroidie, après les rouleaux de renvoi (18), dans une première portion, de la première température intermédiaire à une deuxième température intermédiaire de l'ordre de 600 °C à 700 °C, dans lequel le refroidissement est effectué avec une vitesse de refroidissement de 3 °C/s à 30 °C/s, de préférence avec une vitesse de refroidissement de 5 °C/s à 15 °C/s.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) est ensuite encore refroidie, dans une deuxième portion, lors du déplacement vers la zone de sortie du four (21), à partir de la deuxième température intermédiaire, dans lequel le refroidissement est effectué avec une vitesse de refroidissement de 3 °C/s à 60 °C/s, de préférence avec une vitesse de refroidissement de 3 °C/s à 35 °C/s.
  11. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'installation de recuit (3), une atmosphère inerte constituée majoritairement d'hydrogène, avec une part d'hydrogène supérieure à 99 %, est mise à disposition.
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que, dans l'atmosphère inerte, est contenue de la vapeur d'eau avec une part correspondant à un point de rosée de -70 °C à -45 °C.
  13. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) présente une épaisseur de 0,1 mm à 0,5 mm.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, après le traitement thermique, une couche protectrice est appliquée sur la tôle d'acier (2), dans lequel le revêtement est effectué pendant un déplacement dans une direction de transport verticale.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tôle d'acier (2) contient des composants d'alliage avec les proportions suivantes : Si : 1,5ù à 6 %, de préférence 2 % à 4 %, Al : 0,05 % à 2 %, C : < 0,01 %, de préférence < 0,005 %, Mn : 0,05 % à 5 %, P : 0,01 % à 0,2 %, S : < 0,01 %, de préférence < 0,005 % et N : < 0,01 %, de préférence <0,005 %.
EP21769633.5A 2020-08-20 2021-08-18 Méthode de production d'une tôle d'acier électrique Active EP4200449B1 (fr)

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ATA50703/2020A AT524148B1 (de) 2020-08-20 2020-08-20 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrobands
PCT/AT2021/060288 WO2022036382A1 (fr) 2020-08-20 2021-08-18 Procédé de fabrication d'un ruban électrique

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CN115943221A (zh) 2023-04-07
BR112023002354A2 (pt) 2023-03-21
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US20230304115A1 (en) 2023-09-28
AT524148A1 (de) 2022-03-15
TW202223107A (zh) 2022-06-16
EP4200449A1 (fr) 2023-06-28
KR20230052277A (ko) 2023-04-19
WO2022036382A1 (fr) 2022-02-24

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