EP4405246B1 - Anordnung mit einem flügelsegel, einem mast und mehreren wölbungsverstellvorrichtungen für ein flügelsegel und system zur reduzierung des bereichs des den wind fangenden flügels - Google Patents

Anordnung mit einem flügelsegel, einem mast und mehreren wölbungsverstellvorrichtungen für ein flügelsegel und system zur reduzierung des bereichs des den wind fangenden flügels

Info

Publication number
EP4405246B1
EP4405246B1 EP22789267.6A EP22789267A EP4405246B1 EP 4405246 B1 EP4405246 B1 EP 4405246B1 EP 22789267 A EP22789267 A EP 22789267A EP 4405246 B1 EP4405246 B1 EP 4405246B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
cambering
semi
sail
length section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP22789267.6A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP4405246C0 (de
EP4405246A1 (de
Inventor
Hugues De Turckheim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Marcovich Philippe
Original Assignee
Marcovich Philippe
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Marcovich Philippe filed Critical Marcovich Philippe
Publication of EP4405246A1 publication Critical patent/EP4405246A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP4405246B1 publication Critical patent/EP4405246B1/de
Publication of EP4405246C0 publication Critical patent/EP4405246C0/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/06—Types of sail; Constructional features of sails; Arrangements thereof on vessels
    • B63H9/061—Rigid sails; Aerofoil sails
    • B63H9/0621—Rigid sails comprising one or more pivotally supported panels
    • B63H9/0628—Rigid sails comprising one or more pivotally supported panels the panels being pivotable about horizontal axes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63H—MARINE PROPULSION OR STEERING
    • B63H9/00—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power
    • B63H9/04—Marine propulsion provided directly by wind power using sails or like wind-catching surfaces
    • B63H9/08—Connections of sails to masts, spars, or the like
    • B63H9/10—Running rigging, e.g. reefing equipment
    • B63H9/1021—Reefing

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to an assembly comprising a profiled sail; a mast and several cambering devices for a profiled sail, as well as a system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind.
  • Such a reduction system is advantageously configured to adjust the surface area of the profiled sail in use, in particular when sailing for a sailboat, and in order to adapt the useful surface area of the profiled sail with the force of the wind.
  • the present disclosure further relates to a method of reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind.
  • the present disclosure relates to the field of rigging, and more particularly to profiled sails, also called “wing sails” or “thick sails”, “double-skinned thick sail” or “wing”, by those skilled in the art, and more particularly to the mechanisms, internal to the sail, allowing the profile of the sail to be changed.
  • actuating means connect together, on the one hand, the two free ends of the semi-rigid structure, or at least one of the two free ends, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section, configured to arch the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning the two free ends with the U-shaped connecting section of the semi-rigid structure, or at least by tensioning one of the two free ends with the U-shaped connecting section of the semi-rigid structure, and generating an offset between the two free ends.
  • the mast extends internally to the semi-rigid structure, between the two length sections constituted by the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure.
  • cambering devices according to WO 2021/148734 are configured to be easily movable along the mast, which allows the profiled sail to be hoisted, or on the contrary to be lowered to a low position, easily.
  • the present disclosure is concerned here with the problem of reducing the useful surface area of the sail by folding it in order to adapt its size in heavy weather. It is thus known to reduce the sail by folding it onto the boom and according to a procedure known to those skilled in the art as "reefing".
  • WO 2021/148734 remains silent on a system for reducing the sail area used in contact with the wind, and configured to adapt the sail area according to the wind force.
  • triangular sails have a halyard point at the top to which the halyard is attached and a tack point and a clew point at the bottom of the sail.
  • the sail is trimmed so that the luff (the leading edge between the halyard point and the tack point) and the leech (the trailing edge between the halyard point and the clew point) are tensioned as desired depending on the wind conditions.
  • the sail canvas is typically equipped with reefs (and in particular a first reef, second reef, third reef) consisting respectively of eyelets located at different heights above the clew and the tack deck.
  • reefing eyes are used to tighten the foot of the sail.
  • a rope called a "reefing line” can be used, particularly present on the leech of a sail.
  • Second ropes typically called “reefing lines”, attached to the sail canvas, are then used to furl the excess part of the sail, unused, at its base, after taking in the reef.
  • the lines typically pass through the reefing eye and are of sufficient length to hold the excess sail by keeping it on the boom, by surrounding the boom.
  • the state of the art still includes booms with furlers, this furler allowing the automation of reefing, by rolling up the lower portion of the sail to the desired dimension, always in order to reduce the surface area of the sail with the wind.
  • the state of the art with eyelet reefs with lines includes ropes attached directly to the sail canvas, used to furl the excess part of the sail, and which generate local stresses on the sail canvas, local stresses likely to cause tearing in strong winds, with tearing of the sail.
  • This disclosure improves the situation.
  • the fastening system may comprise externally projecting attachment points along the first length section of the second length section of the structural cambering devices, as well as at least one flexible link, configured to hook the attachment points of two successive cambering devices when the profiled sail is in said intermediate position with the two successive cambering devices moving together, while maintaining the accumulated sail section and linked to the two successive cambering devices.
  • the attachment points may be hooks or studs, in particular with widened ends.
  • said cambering devices comprise, in addition to the structural cambering devices of the system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind, secondary cambering devices, cooperating with the different profiled sail sections, each in an intermediate position of the profiled sail section between the upper edge and the lower edge of said profiled sail section.
  • the semi-rigid structure of the structural cambering devices of the system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind may have a height dimension, depending on the direction of the mast, greater than the height dimension of the secondary cambering devices.
  • the rigidity (depending on the direction of the mast, namely in particular the vertical direction) of the semi-rigid structure of the structural cambering devices is greater than the rigidity of the secondary cambering devices.
  • the number of distinct profiled sail sections is equal to the integer N between 2 and 10, such that N equals 5, and the number of structural cambering devices of the system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind is equal to the integer N.
  • the different sections of profiled sail are in canvases having different properties, in particular different materials and/or different weights.
  • said assembly comprises actuating means connecting together, on the one hand, the two free ends of the semi-rigid structure, or at least one of the two free ends, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section, configured to arch the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning the two free ends with the U-shaped connecting section of the semi-rigid structure, or at least by tensioning one of the two free ends with the U-shaped connecting section of the semi-rigid structure, and generating an offset between the two free ends.
  • the actuating means configured to arch the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure may comprise at least one actuator, having two longitudinal ends, said actuator, activatable, being retractable when activated with bringing its two longitudinal ends together, said at least one actuator extending along one of the two length sections of the semi-rigid structure, first length section or second length section, said actuator being internal to the semi-rigid structure, contained in a plane of the semi-rigid structure, and in which one of the longitudinal ends of said at least one actuator is connected to one of the two free ends by an internal tendon while the other of the two longitudinal ends of said at least one actuator is connected either to an anchor point secured to the U-shaped connecting section, or to the other of the two free ends via an angle transmission secured to the U-shaped connecting section by an external tendon, the flexible external tendon passing outside the semi-rigid structure, and the profiled sail between the angle transmission and respectively said other of the two free ends.
  • the actuator system of the securing system comprises at least one actuating member having two longitudinal ends, said actuating member, which can be activated, being retractable when activated with its two longitudinal ends brought together.
  • the cambering devices comprise in whole or in part a spacer system comprising a first spacer, connecting together the first length section and the second length section, as well as a second spacer, connecting together the first length section and the second length section, in a manner parallel to said first spacer on the one hand, and the second length section, on the other hand, and wherein the longitudinal ends of the first strand are secured at two attachment points on the first length section respectively at the junction zones between the first and second struts and the first length section, the longitudinal ends of the second strand being secured at two attachment points on the second length section respectively at the junction zones between the first and second struts.
  • the mast extends between the struts constituted by the first strut and the second strut, the first strand and the second strand clamped on the mast ensuring that the mast is kept at a distance from the first strut, on the one hand, and from the mast to the second strut, on the other hand.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a vehicle, in particular a sailboat comprising an assembly according to the present disclosure.
  • the present disclosure relates to an assembly comprising a profiled sail, a mast and several cambering devices for profiled sail.
  • the cambering device 1 can also comprise, according to a first possibility (illustrated in particular in the figure 4 ) actuating means 4 connecting together, on the one hand, the two free ends 23, 24 of the semi-rigid structure, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section 22, configured to arch the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning the two free ends 23,24 with the U-shaped connecting section 22 of the semi-rigid structure 2, and generating an offset between the two free ends 23,24.
  • actuating means 4 connecting together, on the one hand, the two free ends 23, 24 of the semi-rigid structure, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section 22, configured to arch the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning the two free ends 23,24 with the U-shaped connecting section 22 of the semi-rigid structure 2, and generating an offset between the two free ends 23,24.
  • the cambering device 1 comprises actuating means 4 connecting together, on the one hand, at least one of the two free ends 23, 24, and on the other hand, the U-shaped connecting section 22, configured to camber the first length section and the second length section of the semi-rigid structure by tensioning one of the two free ends 23, 24 with the U-shaped connecting section 22 of the semi-rigid structure 2 and generating an offset d between the two free ends 23, 24.
  • a profiled sail can be provided with several cambering devices, over the height of the profiled sail.
  • the cambering devices are distributed over the height of the profiled sail.
  • the semi-rigid structure 2 of each cambering device 1 comprises the first length section 20 secured to a first surface S1 of the profiled sail V, and the second length section 21 secured to a second surface S2 of the profiled sail V, as well as the U-shaped connecting section 22, connecting together by extending them the first length section 20 and the second length section 21 at the leading edge BA of the profiled sail, the two length sections ending at the trailing edge BF of the sail by two free ends 23, 24.
  • the flexible profiled sail extends from one of the free ends 23, 24 to the other, passing in front of the connecting section 22; a U forming the leading edge BA.
  • the profiled sail can be fixed by two sail edges to the free ends 23, 24 via fixing means 6, in particular by pinching the sail edges.
  • Control means are configured to jointly control in the same direction the different actuating means 4 of the cambering devices to camber the first surface S1 of the profiled sail and the second surface S2 of the profiled sail.
  • the cambering devices can take a (particularly first) cambered position for which the first length section 20 takes a concave profile when the second length section takes a convex profile and/or a (particularly second) cambered position in which said second length section 21 has a concave profile when said first length section 20 has a convex profile.
  • an assembly in particular a rigging according to the present disclosure, advantageously makes it possible to lower the profiled sail V, along the mast M, the cambering devices (with the possible exception of that forming the boom); integral with the profiled sail, descending with the profiled sail along the mast, in particular when the halyard is released, namely in the opposite direction to that of the hoisting of the profiled sail.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a vehicle comprising such rigging, and in particular a ship or sailing boat, or even a land yacht.
  • the camber position can be adjusted during maneuvers, for example by switching from the first camber position Pc1 to the second camber position Pc2 of the camber devices (of reverse concavity) during tack change maneuvers, whether tacking maneuvers or gybing maneuvers.
  • the actuators used for the actuator means can be progressive (and not all or nothing) and take several positions allowing the first and second sail surfaces to be cambered more or less strongly, in one direction or the other. It is possible to adjust the concavity of the surface of the sail engaged with the wind in order to maximize the effort required to move the vehicle forward depending on the wind conditions.
  • the lower cambering device can simultaneously constitute a boom, in particular articulated to the mast, allowing the profiled sail to be oriented.
  • the boom is oriented according to wind conditions and the direction of travel of the ship.
  • the semi-rigid structure 2 comprising the connecting section 22 and the two length sections 20, 21, may be constituted by a single-piece semi-rigid element, kept curved by the spacer system 3; and where appropriate a flexible connecting system 5, which is described below.
  • said single-piece element is a rod, in particular rectilinear at rest and curved to form the semi-rigid structure 2, or a blade in particular flat at rest and curved to form the semi-rigid structure.
  • the rod or the blade is curved to form the first section of length 20, the second section of length 21 and the U-shaped connecting section 22.
  • the semi-rigid structure may consist of a curved blade for the boom of the rigging and curved rods for the semi-rigid structures of the other cambering devices (located above the boom).
  • the different sections of the semi-rigid structure 2, including the first length section 20 and the second length section 21 and the connecting section 22, can be constituted by several structural elements assembled to each other.
  • the cambering devices comprise in whole or in part the spacer system 3 which may comprise a first spacer 30, connecting together the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 2, as well as a second spacer 31, connecting together the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21, in a manner parallel to said first spacer 30.
  • the spacers are of fixed lengths or possibly telescopic, as described in WO2021/148734A1 of the present inventor. It is noted that the mast extends between the struts constituted by the first strut and the second strut.
  • the struts (first and second) are configured to work in tension and compression.
  • triangular sails (not profiled) comprise at the top a halyard point to which the halyard is attached and a tack point and a clew point at the bottom of the sail.
  • the sail is adjusted so that the luff (the front edge between the halyard point and the tack point) and the leech (the rear edge between the halyard point and the clew point) are correctly tensioned to the desired tension.
  • the sail canvas typically includes reefs (first reef, second reef, third reef, or even more) made up of eyelets, located at different heights above the clew and the tack deck.
  • reefing eyes are used to tighten the foot of the sail.
  • a reefing line present on the leech of a sail can be used.
  • Second lines typically called reefing lines are then used to furl the excess and unused part at the base of the sail after reefing. The lines typically pass through the reefing eye and are of sufficient length to hold the excess sail by wrapping it around the boom.
  • Booms with furlers are also known, which allow reefing to be automated. According to the inventors' findings, conventional reefing systems, with eyelets according to the state of the art for triangular sails, or with furlers, are unsuitable with a profiled sail of an assembly according to the present disclosure and in particular disclosed according to WO2021/148734A1 .
  • the state of the art with eyelet reefs with lines includes ropes attached directly to the sail canvas, used to furl the excess part of the sail, and which generate local stresses on the sail canvas likely to cause tearing in strong winds, with tears in the sail.
  • said assembly according to the present disclosure advantageously comprises a system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind, configured to reduce the surface area of the profiled sail in an intermediate position along the mast between said high position of the profiled sail and the low position.
  • Such a system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind notably comprises several profiled sail sections SV1, SV2, SV3, SV4, SV5, distinct and separate, following the direction of the mast, made of flexible canvas, with at least a first profiled sail section SV1 and a second profiled sail section SV2.
  • first profiled sail section SV1 the second profiled sail section, and more generally the kth profiled sail section Svk are arranged, depending on the height of the mast, one after the other, from the base towards the head of the mast M.
  • the number of distinct profiled sail sections SV1 to SV5 is equal to the integer N which can classically be between 2 and 10, such that N equals 5.
  • the different sections of profiled sail SV1 to SV5 can be made of the same material, in particular the same canvas, or even advantageously of canvases having different properties, in particular different materials and/or different weights.
  • the weight of the canvas used can be variable, for example increasing according to the mast height (from the base of the masthead), in order to take into account the wind speed gradient, generally increasing according to the height of the mast.
  • each profiled sail section SV1 to SV5 forms a portion of the first surface S1 and a portion of the second surface S2 of the profiled sail V and in such a way as to be able to cooperate respectively with the first length section 20 and the second length section 21 of one or more of the cambering devices 1, the sail section bypassing the U-shaped section 22.
  • the system for reducing the surface area of the V-shaped sail in contact with the wind also comprises several of said cambering devices 1 which are structural cambering devices.
  • the structural cambering devices comprise a base cambering device 10, typically forming a boom, and at least one intermediate cambering device 11, 12, 13, 14, said at least one intermediate cambering device 11, 12, 13, 14, ensuring the transmission of forces due to wind pressure on the profiled sail between two successive separate and distinct profiled sail sections.
  • the cambering devices may comprise, in addition to the structural cambering devices of the system for reducing the useful surface area of the profiled sail, secondary cambering devices 100, typically of lower height depending on the height, distributed above the base cambering device 10, interposed between the intermediate cambering devices 11, 12, 13, 14, or even distributed above the uppermost intermediate cambering device 14, namely the fourth intermediate cambering device 14.
  • the secondary cambering devices 100 cooperate with the different profiled sail sections SV1 to SV5, each in an intermediate position of the profiled sail section between the upper edge and the lower edge of said profiled sail section.
  • the semi-rigid structure of the structural cambering devices 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind has a height dimension Lh, along the direction of the mast, which may typically be greater than the height dimension Ih of the secondary cambering devices 100.
  • the structural cambering devices 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 of the system for reducing the profiled sail thus have a rigidity (along the direction of the mast) greater than the rigidity of the secondary cambering devices 100.
  • a lower edge of the first profiled sail section SV1 is connected to an upper edge of the base cambering device 10, and an upper edge connected to a lower edge of a first intermediate cambering device 11, a lower edge of the second profiled sail section SV2 connected to an upper edge of the first intermediate cambering device 11, so that in the hoisted position of the profiled sail, the taut canvas of the first profiled sail section SV1 and the taut canvas of the second profiled sail section SV2 extend in the direction of the mast, in a discontinuous manner.
  • the semi-rigid structure of said first intermediate cambering device 11 extends the first profiled sail section SV1 and the second profiled sail section SV2 in the high position of the profiled sail, ensuring the transmission forces due to wind pressure on the profiled sail between the first profiled sail section SV1 and the second profiled sail section SV2.
  • the system for reducing the useful surface area of the profiled sail comprises a second intermediate cambering device 12, the latter is linked to an upper edge of the second profiled sail section SV2 and to a lower edge of the third profiled sail section SV3.
  • the useful surface reduction system comprises a kth intermediate cambering device
  • the latter is linked to an upper edge of the kth profiled sail section SVk and to a lower edge of the kth +1 profiled sail section SVk+1.
  • the system for reducing the useful surface area of the profiled sail also notably comprises a removable fixing system ensuring the connection between the structural cambering devices, at least between the base cambering device 10, and said first intermediate cambering device 11, or even the connection between two successive intermediate cambering devices 11, 12, 13, 14, when the profiled sail is in an intermediate position between said high position of the profiled sail and the low position of the profiled sail, the structural cambering devices 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 then in positions close to each other in whole or in part, with at least the base cambering device 10 and the first intermediate cambering device 11 close to each other.
  • the excess canvas of the first accumulated sail section SV1 is then preferably held by a link L1 of the fixing system joining the semi-rigid structure of the base cambering device 10 to the semi-rigid structure of the first intermediate cambering device 11.
  • the structural cambering devices 10 to 14 are in positions spaced from each other so as to ensure deployment of the entire useful surface of the profiled sail, resulting from the addition of the different profiled sail sections SV1 to SV5 depending on the height of the mast.
  • the view from the middle of the figure 7 illustrates a first reduction in the useful surface area of the profiled sail, or "first reef", substantially reduced by the surface area of the first profiled sail section SV1, obtained by partially lowering the profiled sail from its high position illustrated on the left, namely until the first intermediate cambering device 11 sliding down the mast, is close to the base cambering device 10 (then fixed).
  • the first profiled sail section is then folded, accumulated between the base cambering device 10 and the first intermediate cambering device 11.
  • a link of the fixing system is then put in place between at least the base cambering device 10 and the first intermediate cambering device 11 close to each other, the canvas of the first sail section SV1 accumulated and held by at least the link L1 joining the semi-rigid structure of the base cambering device 10 to the semi-rigid structure of the first intermediate cambering device 11.
  • FIG. 7 further illustrates a second reduction in the surface area of the profiled sail, or "second reef", substantially reduced by the addition of the surfaces of the first profiled sail section SV1 and the second profiled sail section SV2, obtained by partially lowering the profiled sail from its high position illustrated on the left, namely until the first intermediate cambering device 11 and the second intermediate cambering device 12 sliding down the mast, are close to the base cambering device 10 (then fixed).
  • the first profiled sail section SV1 and the second profiled sail section SV2 are then folded, accumulated respectively between the base cambering device 10 and the first intermediate cambering device 11, on the one hand, and between the first intermediate cambering device 11 and the second intermediate cambering device 12, on the other hand.
  • a link of the fixing system is then put in place between the base cambering device 10 and the first intermediate cambering device 11 close to each other, the canvas of the first sail section SV1 accumulated and held by at least the link L1 joining the semi-rigid structure of the base cambering device 10 to the semi-rigid structure of the first intermediate cambering device 11, as well as at least one additional link L2 joining the first intermediate cambering device 11 and the second intermediate cambering device 12.
  • the fixing system typically comprises attachment points PT such as pins or hooks projecting externally along the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 20 of the semi-rigid structures of the structural cambering devices 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, as well as at least one flexible link L1, L2, configured to hook the attachment points PT of two successive cambering devices when the profiled sail is in said intermediate position with the two successive cambering devices moving together, while maintaining the sail section accumulated and linked to the two successive cambering devices.
  • attachment points PT such as pins or hooks projecting externally along the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 20 of the semi-rigid structures of the structural cambering devices 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, as well as at least one flexible link L1, L2, configured to hook the attachment points PT of two successive cambering devices when the profiled sail is in said intermediate position with the two successive cambering devices moving together, while maintaining the sail section accumulated and linked to the two successive cambering devices.
  • the two successive structural cambering devices can be the base cambering device 10 and the first intermediate cambering device 11, linked by the link L1, or two successive intermediate cambering devices 11, 12, 13, 14 linked by an additional link L2.
  • the link L1 (or the additional link L2) directly attaches the semi-rigid structures of the structural cambering devices, without creating local tension on the profiled sail sections SV1, SV2, SV3, SV4, SV5 and therefore without creating local constraints on the canvas likely to cause tearing in strong winds.
  • the structural cambering devices namely the base cambering device 10 and the intermediate cambering devices 11, 12, 13, 4 thus advantageously ensure a homogeneous transmission of the force to the different sections of profiled sail, over the entire profile of the sail section SV1 to SV5, seen perpendicular to the mast.
  • the attachment points can be hooks or nipples with widened ends.
  • all or part of the cambering devices may have a securing system 7, which can be activated/deactivated, configured to ensure the securing of the cambering device 1 to the mast, the securing system 7.
  • the securing system 7 is advantageously configured to keep the mast away from the semi-rigid structure of the device while ensuring the return of the lateral support due to the wind pressure on the profiled sail on the mast.
  • the securing system 7 positions the profiled sail while avoiding impacts between the mast M and the damaging semi-rigid parts of the cambering device.
  • the mast thus extends between the first strand 71 and the second strand 72.
  • the securing system also comprises an actuator system, activatable, internal to the structure, configured to pass the first strand and the second strand into a retracted state configured to tighten the cambering device on the mast M, sandwiched between the first strand 71 and the second strand 72, inside the semi-rigid structure.
  • the camber devices comprise in whole or in part the spacer system 3 with a first spacer 30, connecting together the first length section 20 and the second length section 21, as well as a second spacer 31 connecting together the first length section 20 and the second length section 21, in a manner parallel to said first spacer (30).
  • the mast thus clamped by the first strand 71 and the second strand 72 is advantageously kept at a distance from the two sections of length 20, 21 by the first strand 71 and the second strand 72 in tension, as well as kept at a distance from the spacers, first spacer 31 and second spacer 32 when present.
  • the wind force on the profiled sail is returned to the mast by the first strand 72 and second strand 72 in tension.
  • the actuator system when the actuator system is deactivated, the latter is configured to cause a deployed state of the first strand and second strand configured to release the mast; and to authorize the movement of the cambering device along the mast.
  • Each spacer constituted by the first spacer and the second spacer 30, 31 of the spacer system 3 can be pivotally articulated at its ends, respectively to the first length section 20 along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure and to the second length section 21 along an axis perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure, the or each spacer 30, 31 being configured to pivot relative to the two length sections, first length section 20 and second length section 21 during the bending and offsetting of the free ends 23, 24; under the effect of the actuating means 4.
  • the cambering device may comprise articulated connections 32, comprising a first part 33 secured to the first section of length 20 or to the second section of length 21, or even a second part 34 receiving one end of the spacer 30; 31, the second part 34 being articulated to the first part 33 along a pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure 2 to pivot relative to the two length sections during the bending and offsetting of the free ends 23, 24; under the effect of the actuating means.
  • articulated connections 32 comprising a first part 33 secured to the first section of length 20 or to the second section of length 21, or even a second part 34 receiving one end of the spacer 30; 31, the second part 34 being articulated to the first part 33 along a pivot axis substantially perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure 2 to pivot relative to the two length sections during the bending and offsetting of the free ends 23, 24; under the effect of the actuating means.
  • first strand 71 can advantageously be attached to the first parts 33 of the connectors 32 integral with the first section of length 20 and the longitudinal ends of the second strand 72 are attached to the first parts 32 of the connectors 32 integral with the second section of length 21.
  • the actuator system of the securing system 7 comprises at least one actuating member on the belt m having two longitudinal ends e1, e2, said actuating member, which can be activated, being retractable when activated with the bringing together of its two longitudinal ends e1, e2.
  • Said belt actuating member may be an artificial muscle, in particular a pneumatic muscle.
  • Such an actuator has a casing internally receiving a balloon supplied or discharged with fluid.
  • the flexible casing retracts in length when its section increases under the increase of the supplied balloon or fluid (contraction of the muscle), and deploys in length when its section decreases when the balloon is discharged with fluid (decrease in the fluid pressure).
  • the retraction of the actuator may be progressive by controlling the quantity of fluid supplied into the balloon.
  • Such pneumatic actuation systems are commonly referred to as “artificial muscles” consisting of inflatable tubes inserted into protective braids forming an envelope, such that the artificial muscle contracts or expands depending on whether its internal fluid pressure increases or decreases.
  • artificial muscles are, for example, described by B. Tondu and P. Lopez in “Report of the Academy of Sciences", vol. 320, PP 105-114, 1995 .
  • Such an artificial muscle is schematically illustrated in its deployed position at figure 12 and in its retracted position at the figure 13 , as well as according to a sectional view at the figure 14 .
  • the section of the balloon increases which causes an increase in the section of the envelope Ev in the form of a braid at the figure 11 .
  • the braiding of the envelope generates a force ensuring the retraction of the artificial muscle, by bringing together the longitudinal ends e1 or e2.
  • the first strand 71 may comprise a first actuating member on the belt m1, in particular a first artificial muscle
  • the second strand 72 may comprise a second actuating member on the belt m2, in particular a second artificial muscle.
  • All or part of the camber devices 1 may have a flexible connection system 5, joining together the first length section 20 and the second length section 21.
  • This flexible connection system is arranged in an intermediate position of the structure between the two free ends 23, 34 and said spacer system 3, said flexible connection system 5, working in tension to maintain between them a spacing between the two length sections.
  • spacer system 3 and the flexible connection system 5 both extend internally to the semi-rigid structure 2, in the interspace between the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21, and preferably entirely in the plane of the semi-rigid structure 2.
  • the flexible connection system 5 comprises two flexible links, including a first flexible link 50 secured by its two ends to the first section of length 20, and a second flexible link 51 secured by its two ends to the second section of length 21.
  • the two flexible links, first flexible link 50 and second flexible link 51 are interlaced at a contact zone Zc between the two flexible links 50, 51.
  • the contact zone Zc between the two flexible links is configured to slide along the flexible links 50, 51 during the bending and shifting of the free ends 23, 24 under the effect of the actuating means 4.
  • the semi-rigid structure 2 may have a profile having a plane of symmetry, in a rest position Pr of the semi-rigid structure 2 in which the first section of length 20 and the second section of length 21 have a convex profile.
  • the plane of symmetry AS of the semi-rigid structure 2 in its rest position extends in the direction between the leading edge BA and the trailing edge BF, perpendicular to the plane of the semi-rigid structure 2 containing the first section of length 20, the second section of length 21 and the connecting section 22, in U.
  • first spacer 30 and the second spacer 31 extend respectively substantially perpendicular to the plane of symmetry AS.
  • said first length section 20 has a concave profile when said second length section 21 has a convex profile, or said second length section 21 has a concave profile when said first length section 20 has a convex profile.
  • the actuating means 4 may comprise at least one actuator 40, 41, extending along one of the two length sections of the structure, first length section 20 (or second length section 21), connected to the free end 23 or 24 of the length section by an external, flexible tendon 42, external to the semi-rigid structure 2, via at least one angle transmission 43 secured to the U-shaped connecting section, and connected to the free end 24, 23 of the other length section by an internal tendon 44 which runs along the length section to a guide 45, before connecting said free end 24 or 23 of the other length section, second length section 21 or first length section 20.
  • Said at least one angle transmission 43 is located on the side of the plane of symmetry (and not on the latter) of the semi-rigid structure 2 whose profile of the length section (first length section or second length section) is to be changed from the convex profile to the concave profile.
  • Said actuator 40; 41 is configured to retract in an active state and pull on the two free ends 23, 24 connected respectively by the outer tendon 42 and the inner tendon 44, on the one hand, and on the angle transmission 43 of the connecting section 22, on the other hand, until the creation of the offset d, the free end connected by the inner tendon 44 advancing towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end connected by the outer tendon 42 causing the semi-rigid structure to bend, the stressed outer tendon 42 moving away from the length section, first length section (or second length section, immediately adjacent to the outer tendon 42), which then takes a concave profile, and while the other length section, second length section or first length section, takes a convex profile.
  • the offset of the free ends 23, 24 makes it possible to initiate the change in profile of the length section - first length section 20 or second length section - from the convex profile in the rest position Pr of the semi-rigid structure 2, and up to the concave profile in said cambered position, in particular first cambered position Pc1 or second cambered position Pc2.
  • the change in profile of the first section of length 20, in particular from the convex profile in the rest position Pr to a concave profile in the first cambered position Pc1, is initiated by the offset of the free end 24 of the second connecting section 21 towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end 23 of the first connecting section 20.
  • the concavity of the first section of length 20 can be accentuated by the actuating means 4, by the traction of the external tendon 42 connecting the first angle transmission 431 and the free end 23 (like the string of a bow).
  • the change in profile of the second section of length 21, in particular from the convex profile in the rest position Pr to a concave profile in the first cambered position Pc2, is initiated by the shifting of the free end 23 of the first section of length 20 towards the leading edge BA relative to the free end 24 of the second section of length 21.
  • the concavity of the second section of length 21 can be accentuated by the actuating means 4, by the traction of the external tendon 42 connecting the second angle transmission 432 and the free end 24 (like the string of a bow).
  • External tendon 42 means that the flexible tendon passes outside the semi-rigid structure 2 and the sail between the angle gear 43 - first angle gear 431 or second angle gear 432 - and respectively the free end, respectively the free end of the first section of length 20 and the end 24 of the second section of length 21, and even if the flexible tendon is partially internal to the structure between the angle gear and the actuator (first actuator 40 or second actuator 41).
  • the outer tendon 42 between the angle gear (first angle gear 431 or second angle gear 432) and the free end (free end 23 or 24) is still outside the profiled sail, in particular outside the first sail surface S1 between the first angle gear 431 and the free end 23 and outside the second sail surface S2 between the second angle gear 432 and the free end 24.
  • the first sail surface S1 (respectively the second sail surface S2) has a passage opening for the outer tendon 42 at the first angle gear 431 (respectively the second angle gear 432).
  • the first actuator 40 and the second actuator 41 are selectively activated, in particular while the first strand 71 and the second strand 72 are in said retracted state configured to clamp the cambering devices on the mast M by actively activating said securing systems 7 when present.
  • control means can be external to the semi-rigid structure of the cambering device.
  • the control means can also make it possible to adjust the concavity depth setting when the actuator, first actuator 40 and/or second actuator 41 is a progressive actuator.
  • first actuator 40 and second actuator 41 may be an actuator which retracts when supplied with fluid such as an artificial muscle, in particular a pneumatic muscle.
  • an actuator illustrated in figures 12 to 14 , has already been described previously, and is not redeveloped. It has an envelope internally receiving a balloon supplied or discharged with fluid. The flexible envelope retracts in length when its section increases under the increase of the supplied balloon or fluid (contraction of the muscle), and deploys in length when its section decreases when the balloon is discharged from the fluid (decrease in the fluid pressure). The retraction of the actuator can be progressive by controlling the quantity of fluid supplied into the balloon.
  • the artificial muscles of the actuators 40, 41 and/or of the actuator members at the belt m1 and m2 of the plurality of cambering devices 1 are supplied with fluid by one or more elastic pipes AL1, AL2, AL3 flexible, shaped in the form of a serpentine, extending in the direction of the height of the mast M.
  • the flexible elastic pipe(s) are configured to deploy by spreading the coils of the serpentine in the high position of the profiled sail, and to retract by bringing the coils of the serpentine closer together under the elasticity of the serpentine, in the low position of the profiled sail.
  • the actuators or actuator members on the belt can be supplied with fluid by a reserve of compressed fluid R, in particular compressed air, which can be housed in the hollow of the mast at its base.
  • cambering devices are made up of a semi-rigid, elastically deformable structure, or even flexible actuator(s) in the form of artificial muscles, they are particularly suitable for a marine environment, where the rigging elements may be subject to shocks, under the action of the wind or unforeseen manoeuvring events.
  • the system for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind advantageously allows the useful surface area of the profiled sail to be reduced, without creating local tension on the canvas of the profiled sail, limiting the risk of tearing in strong winds.
  • structural cambering devices in particular intermediate cambering devices, allow for a homogeneous transmission and distribution of the forces due to wind pressure on the sail between the different, distinct sections of profiled sail.
  • the homogeneous distribution between each section of profiled sail and the intermediate, structural cambering devices can advantageously preferably be carried out continuously along the first length section, and along the second length section of the rigid structure, as well as along the U-shaped connecting section of the structure 2, and in order to distribute the force along the first sail surface and along the second sail surface of each section, as well as along the sail surface bypassing the U-shaped connecting section.
  • the present disclosure also relates to a method for reducing the surface area of the profiled sail in contact with the wind from an assembly according to the present disclosure or belonging to a sailboat according to the present disclosure from a high position of the profiled sail on the mast, the cambering devices 1 in positions spaced from each other.
  • the clamping device is configured so that pulling on the clamping link 9 causes the two structural cambering devices to come together.
  • the two structural cambering devices are brought together by pulling simultaneously on the first and second tightening links.
  • FIG 17 illustrates the profiled sail seen from above, the tightening device, in particular these guides 8 and the tightening links 8 being internal to the profiled sail, arranged between the two surfaces S1 and S2 of the sail and internal to the semi-rigid structures of the cambering devices.
  • FIG 18 illustrates an example of the trajectory of the tightening link 9 which extends through the guides 8, distributed alternately on the semi-rigid structures following the path of the link, 9 to a distal end 90 fixed on one of the structures.
  • the proximal end of the tightening link is stretched and can be fixed to the base of the mast.
  • Such a tightening device can constitute in itself a version of the fixing system, removable, ensuring the connection between the cambering, structural devices.
  • the ruzement caused by a traction on the tightening link 9 requires first releasing the halyard.
  • Such a tightening device can in particular make it possible to automate the partial lowering maneuver of the sail when the traction on the tightening link is motorized.

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Claims (17)

  1. Anordnung, umfassend ein profiliertes Segel, einen Mast und mehrere Wölbungsvorrichtungen (1) für ein profiliertes Segel (V), wobei die Wölbungsvorrichtungen umfassen:
    - eine halbsteife Struktur (2), welche elastisch verformbar ist, umfassend:
    -- zwei Längenabschnitte, von welchen sich der eine vor dem anderen erstreckt, welche einen ersten Längenabschnitt (20), welcher mit einer ersten Fläche (S1) des profilierten Segels (V) verbunden ist, bzw. einen zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) bilden, welcher mit einer zweiten Fläche (S2) des profilierten Segels (V) verbunden ist,
    -- einen Verbindungsabschnitt (22) in U-Form, welcher untereinander unter Verlängerung den ersten Längenabschnitt (20) und den zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) auf dem Niveau des Angriffsrands (BA) des profilierten Segels verbindet, wobei die beiden Längenabschnitte auf dem Niveau des Fluchtrands (BF) des Segels durch zwei freie Enden (23, 24) enden,
    und wobei sich der Mast intern zu der halbsteifen Struktur zwischen den beiden Längenabschnitten erstreckt und wobei das profilierte Segel dazu eingerichtet ist:
    - entlang des Masts (M) in einer oberen Position des profilierten Segels gehisst zu sein, wobei die Wölbungsvorrichtungen (1) in voneinander entfernten Positionen vorliegen,
    - entlang des Masts (M) in einer unteren Position des profilierten Segels eingeholt zu sein, wobei die Wölbungsvorrichtungen (1) in aneinander angenäherten Positionen vorliegen,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anordnung ein System zum Reduzieren der Fläche des profilierten Segels in Kontakt mit dem Wind umfasst, welches dazu eingerichtet ist, die Fläche des profilierten Segels in einer Zwischenposition entlang des Masts zwischen der oberen Position des profilierten Segels und der unteren Position zu reduzieren, umfassend:
    - mehrere Abschnitte des profilierten Segels (SV1, SV2, SV3, SV4, SV5), welche unterschiedlich und getrennt sind, der Richtung des Masts folgend, aus flexiblem Tuch, mit wenigstens einem ersten Abschnitt des profilierten Segels (SV1) und einem zweiten Abschnitt des profilierten Segels (SV2)
    - mehrere Wölbungsvorrichtungen (1), welche strukturelle Wölbungsvorrichtungen sind, umfassend eine Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) und wenigstens eine Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11, 13, 14, 14), wobei die wenigstens eine strukturelle Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung die Übertragung von Kräften aufgrund des Winddrucks auf das profilierte Segel zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden der Abschnitte des profilierten Segels sicherstellt, welche getrennt und unterschiedlich sind, wobei ein unterer Rand des ersten Abschnitts des profilierten Segels mit einem oberen Rand der Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) verbunden ist und ein oberer Rand mit einem unteren Rand einer ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11) verbunden ist, ein unterer Rand des zweiten Abschnitts des profilierten Segels (SV2) mit einem oberen Rand der ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11) verbunden ist, so dass in der gehissten Position des profilierten Segels das gespannte Tuch des ersten Abschnitts des profilierten Segels (SV1) und das gespannte Tuch des zweiten Abschnitts des profilierten Segels (SV2) sich der Richtung des Masts in diskontinuierlicher Weise folgend erstrecken, wobei die halbsteife Struktur der ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11) den ersten Abschnitt des profilierten Segels (SV1) und den zweiten Abschnitt des profilierten Segels (SV2) in der oberen Position des profilierten Segels verlängert, wodurch die Übertragung von Kräften zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt des profilierten Segels und dem zweiten Abschnitt des profilierten Segels sichergestellt wird,
    - ein lösbares Befestigungssystem, welches die Verbindung zwischen den strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen sicherstellt, wenigstens zwischen der Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) und der ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11), oder die Verbindung zwischen zwei aufeinander folgenden Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtungen (11, 12, 13, 14), wenn das profilierte Segel in einer Zwischenposition zwischen der oberen Position des profilierten Segels und der unteren Position des profilierten Segels ist, die strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) in aneinander angenäherten Positionen ganz oder teilweise mit wenigstens der Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung und der ersten Wölbungsvorrichtung aneinander angenähert, wobei das Befestigungssystem Verankerungspunkte (PT) umfasst, welche entlang des ersten Längenabschnitts (20) und des zweiten Längenabschnitts (20) der strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) vorstehen, sowie eine flexible Verbindung (L1, L2) , welche dazu eingerichtet sind, die Verankerungspunkte (PT) von zwei aufeinander folgenden Wölbungsvorrichtungen zu verankern, wenn das profilierte Segel in der Zwischenposition ist, mit einer Annäherung der beiden aufeinander folgenden Wölbungsvorrichtungen, wobei der Abschnitt des Segels angesammelt und mit den beiden aufeinander folgenden Wölbungsvorrichtungen verbunden bleibt, wobei das überstehende Tuch des ersten angesammelten Abschnitts des Segels (SV1) durch die Verbindung (L1) des Fixierungssystems gehalten ist, welches die halbsteife Struktur der Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) mit der halbsteifen Struktur der ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11) derart verbindet, dass die Verbindung (L1) oder eine ergänzende Verbindung (L2), welche die erste Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11) und eine zweite Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (12) verbindet, derart eingerichtet sind, dass sie direkt mit den halbsteifen Strukturen der strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen einhaken, ohne dass eine lokale Spannung an den Abschnitten des profilierten Segels (SV1, SV2, SV3, SV4, SV5) erzeugt wird.
  2. Anordnung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Verankerungspunkte (PT) Zapfen oder Haken sind, welche außen entlang des ersten Längenabschnitts (20) und des zweiten Längenabschnitts (20) der strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) vorstehen.
  3. Anordnung nach Anspruch 2, wobei die Verankerungspunkte Haken oder Zapfen mit vergrößerten Enden sind.
  4. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die Wölbungsvorrichtungen zusätzlich zu den strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) des Systems zum Reduzieren der Fläche des profilierten Segels in Kontakt mit dem Wind sekundäre Wölbungsvorrichtungen (100) umfassen, welche mit den unterschiedlichen Abschnitten des profilierten Segels zusammenwirken, jeweils in einer Zwischenposition des Abschnitts des profilierten Segels (SV1 bis SV5) zwischen dem oberen Rand und dem unteren Rand des Abschnitts des profilierten Segels.
  5. Anordnung nach Anspruch 4, wobei die halbsteife Struktur der strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen (10, 11, 12, 13, 14) des Systems zum Reduzieren der Fläche des profilierten Segels in Kontakt mit dem Wind eine Höhenabmessung (Lh) der Richtung des Masts folgend aufweist, welche größer als die Höhenabmessung (Ih) der sekundären Wölbungsvorrichtungen (100) ist.
  6. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Anzahl der unterschiedlichen Abschnitte des profilierten Segels (SV1 bis SV5) gleich der Ganzzahl N ist, welche zwischen 2 und 10 liegt, so dass N gleich 5 ist, und wobei die Anzahl der strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen (10 bis 14) des Systems zum Reduzieren der Fläche des profilierten Segels in Kontakt mit dem Wind gleich der Ganzzahl N ist.
  7. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die unterschiedlichen Abschnitte des profilierten Segels Tücher sind, welche unterschiedliche Eigenschaften aufweisen, insbesondere aus unterschiedlichen Materialien und/oder mit unterschiedlichen Flächengewichten.
  8. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, umfassend Betätigungsmittel (4), welche untereinander einerseits die beiden freien Enden (23, 24) der halbsteifen Struktur oder wenigstens eines der freien Enden (23, 24) und andererseits den Verbindungsabschnitt (22) in U-Form verbinden, welche dazu eingerichtet sind, den ersten Längenabschnitt und den zweiten Längenabschnitt der halbsteifen Struktur durch ein Verspannen der beiden freien Enden (23, 34) mit dem Verbindungsabschnitt (22) in U-Form der halbsteifen Struktur (2) zu wölben, oder für ein Verspannen von einem der beiden freien Enden (23, 24) mit dem Verbindungsabschnitt (22) in U-Form der halbsteifen Struktur (2) und der Erzeugung eines Versatzes (d) zwischen den beiden freien Enden (23, 24).
  9. Anordnung nach Anspruch 8, wobei die Betätigungsmittel (4), welche dazu eingerichtet sind, den ersten Längenabschnitt und den zweiten Längenabschnitt der halbsteifen Struktur zu wölben, wenigstens einen Aktuator (40, 41) umfassen, welcher zwei longitudinale Enden (40a; 41a; 40b; 41b) aufweist, wobei der aktivierbare Aktuator (40, 41) einziehbar ist, wenn er mit einer Annäherung seiner beiden longitudinalen Enden aktiviert ist, wobei sich der wenigstens eine Aktuator (40, 41) entlang eines der beiden Längenabschnitte der halbsteifen Struktur erstreckt, dem ersten Längenabschnitt (20) oder dem zweiten Längenabschnitt (21), wobei der Aktuator (40, 41) intern zu der halbsteifen Struktur (2) ist, aufgenommen in einer Ebene der halbsteifen Struktur (2),
    und wobei das eine der longitudinalen Enden (40a, 41a) des wenigstens einen Aktuators (40, 41) mit einem der beiden freien Enden (23, 24) durch eine innere Sehne (44) verbunden ist, während das andere (41a, 41b) der beiden longitudinalen Enden des wenigstens einen Aktuators (40, 41) entweder mit einem Verankerungspunkt (221, 222) verbunden ist, welcher an dem Verbindungsabschnitt in U-Form (22) angebracht ist, oder mit dem anderen der beiden freien Enden (23, 24) über eine Winkelumlenkung (43), welche mit dem Verbindungsabschnitt in U-Form (22) durch eine externe Sehne (42) verbunden ist, wobei die flexible externe Sehne (42) an der Außenseite der halbsteifen Struktur (2) und an dem profilierten Segel zwischen der Winkelumlenkung (43) und entsprechend dem anderen der beiden freien Enden (23, 24) verläuft.
  10. Anordnung nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, wobei die Betätigungsmittel (4) dazu eingerichtet sind, die halbsteife Struktur selektiv zu wölben:
    - in eine erste gewölbte Position (Pc1), in welcher der erste Längenabschnitt (20) von konkavem Profil ist, während der zweite Längenabschnitt (21) von konvexem Profil ist,
    - in eine zweite gewölbte Position (Pc2), in welcher der zweite Längenabschnitt (21) von konkavem Profil ist, während der erste Längenabschnitt (20) von konvexem Profil ist.
  11. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 9 und 10, wobei der wenigstens eine Aktuator der Betätigungsmittel umfasst:
    - einen ersten Aktuator (40), welcher dazu eingerichtet ist, die halbsteife Struktur in die erste gewölbte Position (Pc1) zu wölben, welcher sich entlang des ersten Längenabschnitts (20) intern zu der halbsteifen Struktur erstreckt, angebracht an einem (40b) seiner longitudinalen Enden an der externen Sehne (42), einerseits verbunden mit dem freien Ende (23) des ersten Längenabschnitts (20) durch die flexible externe Sehne (42), welche extern zu der halbsteifen Struktur (2) ist, über eine erste Winkelumlenkung (431), welche an dem Verbindungsabschnitt (22) in U-Form angebracht ist, wobei die flexible externe Sehne (42) an der Außenseite der halbsteifen Struktur (2) verläuft, und an dem profilierten Segel zwischen der ersten Winkelumlenkung (431) und entsprechend dem freien Ende (23) des ersten Längenabschnitts (20), wobei die flexible externe Sehne (42) intern zu der halbsteifen Struktur zwischen der ersten Winkelumlenkung (431) und dem ersten Aktuator (40) ist, wobei der erste Aktuator (40) mit dem anderen seiner longitudinalen Enden an der internen Sehne (44) angebracht ist, wobei der erste Aktuator (40) andererseits mit dem freien Ende (24) des zweiten Längenabschnitts (21) durch die interne Sehne (44) verbunden ist, welche entlang des ersten Längenabschnitts (20) bis zu einer Führung (45) verläuft, welche an dem ersten Längenabschnitt (20) angebracht ist, bevor das freie Ende (24) des zweiten Längenabschnitts (21) verbunden wird, wobei der erste Aktuator (40) dazu eingerichtet ist, in einem aktiven Zustand, sich zurückzuziehen und an den beiden freien Enden (23, 24) zu ziehen, welche durch die externe Sehne (42) und die interne Sehne (44) verbunden sind, einerseits, und an der ersten Winkelumlenkung (431) andererseits, bis zur Erzeugung des Versatzes (d), wobei sich das durch die interne Sehne (44) verbundene freie Ende (24) in Richtung des Angriffsrands (BA) bezüglich des freien Endes (23) vorschiebt, welches durch die externe Sehne (42) verbunden ist, um so die Wölbung der halbsteifen Struktur hervorzurufen, wobei sich die betätigte externe Sehne (42) von dem ersten Längenabschnitt (20) entfernt, welcher ein konkaves Profil einnimmt, wobei der zweite Längenabschnitt (21) ein konvexes Profil in der ersten gewölbten Position (Pc1) einnimmt,
    - einen zweiten Aktuator (41), welcher dazu eingerichtet ist, die halbsteife Struktur in die zweite gewölbte Position (Pc2) zu wölben, welcher sich entlang des zweiten Längenabschnitts (21) intern zu der halbsteifen Struktur erstreckt, angebracht an einem seiner longitudinalen Enden an einer externen Sehne (42), einerseits verbunden mit dem freien Ende (24) des zweiten Längenabschnitts (21) durch die flexible externe Sehne (42), welche extern zu der halbsteifen Struktur (2) ist, über eine zweite Winkelumlenkung (432), welche an dem Verbindungsabschnitt in U-Form angebracht ist, wobei die flexible externe Sehne (42) an der Außenseite der halbsteifen Struktur (2) verläuft, und an dem profilierten Segel zwischen der zweiten Winkelumlenkung (432) und entsprechend dem freien Ende (24) des zweiten Längenabschnitts (21), wobei die flexible externe Sehne (42) intern zu der halbsteifen Struktur zwischen der zweiten Winkelumlenkung (432) und dem zweiten Aktuator (41) ist, wobei der zweite Aktuator (41) mit dem anderen seiner longitudinalen Enden an der internen Sehne (44) angebracht ist, wobei der zweite Aktuator (41) andererseits mit dem freien Ende (23) des ersten Längenabschnitts (21) durch die interne Sehne (44) verbunden ist, welche entlang des zweiten Längenabschnitts (21) bis zu einer Führung (45) verläuft, welche an dem zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) angebracht ist, bevor das freie Ende (23) des ersten Längenabschnitts (20) verbunden wird, wobei der zweite Aktuator (41) dazu eingerichtet ist, in einem aktiven Zustand, sich zurückzuziehen und an den beiden freien Enden (23, 24) zu ziehen, welche durch die externe Sehne (42) und die interne Sehne (44) verbunden sind, einerseits, und an der zweiten Winkelumlenkung (432) andererseits, bis zur Erzeugung des Versatzes (d), wobei sich das durch die interne Sehne (44) verbundene freie Ende (23) in Richtung des Angriffsrands (BA) bezüglich des freien Endes (24) vorschiebt, welches durch die externe Sehne (42) verbunden ist, um so die Wölbung der halbsteifen Struktur (2) hervorzurufen, wobei sich die betätigte externe Sehne (42) von dem zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) entfernt, welcher ein konkaves Profil einnimmt, während der erste Längenabschnitt (20) ein konvexes Profil in der zweiten gewölbten Position (Pc2) einnimmt.
  12. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei alle oder ein Teil der Wölbungsvorrichtungen ein aktivierbares/deaktivierbares Anbringungssystem (7) aufweisen, welches dazu eingerichtet ist, das Anbringen der Wölbungsvorrichtung an dem Mast sicherzustellen, wobei das Anbringungssystem (7) umfasst:
    - einen ersten flexiblen Strang (71), welcher mit dem ersten Längenabschnitt (21) durch zwei longitudinale Enden des ersten Strangs (71) verbunden ist, wobei der erste Strang (71) den Mast (M) von dem ersten Längenabschnitt (20) aus umläuft.
    - einen zweiten flexiblen Strang (72), welcher mit dem zweiten Längenabschnitt (20) durch zwei longitudinale Enden des zweiten Strangs verbunden ist, wobei der zweite Strang (72) den Mast (M) von dem zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) aus umläuft,
    - ein aktivierbares Aktuatorsystem, welches intern zu der Struktur ist, welches dazu eingerichtet ist, den ersten Strang und den zweiten Strang in einen zurückgezogenen Zustand zu überführen, welcher dazu eingerichtet ist, die Wölbungsvorrichtung an dem Mast (M) zu blockieren, geklemmt zwischen dem ersten Strang (71) und dem zweiten Strang (72) im inneren der halbsteifen Struktur, wobei der Mast bei einem Abstand von den beiden Längenabschnitten (20, 21) durch den ersten Strang (71) und den zweiten Strang (72) unter Spannung gehalten wird, und bis zu einem ausgefahrenen Zustand des ersten Strangs und des zweiten Strangs, welcher dazu eingerichtet ist, den Mast freizugeben; und Ermöglichen der Verlagerung der Wölbungsvorrichtung entlang des Masts.
  13. Anordnung nach Anspruch 12, wobei das Aktuatorsystem des Verbindungssystems wenigstens ein Betätigungsmittel (m1, m2) umfasst, welches zwei longitudinale Enden (e1, e2) aufweist, wobei das aktivierbare Betätigungsmittel zurückziehbar ist, wenn es aktiviert ist, mit einer Annäherung seiner beiden longitudinalen Enden (e1, e2).
  14. Anordnung nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, wobei die Wölbungsvorrichtungen vollständig oder teilweise ein Abstandhalte-System (3) umfassen, welches einen ersten Abstandshalter (30) umfasst, welcher den ersten Längenabschnitt (20) und den zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) untereinander verbindet, sowie einen zweiten Abstandshalter (31), welcher den ersten Längenabschnitt (20) und den zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) in paralleler Weise zu dem ersten Abstandshalter (30) einerseits und zu dem zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) andererseits untereinander verbindet,
    und wobei die longitudinalen Enden des ersten Strangs (71) an zwei Anbindungspunkten mit dem ersten Längenabschnitt (20) jeweils auf dem Niveau von Übergangszonen zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Abstandshalter (30, 31) und dem ersten Längenabschnitt (20) verbunden sind, wobei die longitudinalen Enden des zweiten Strangs (72) an zwei Anbindungspunkten mit dem zweiten Längenabschnitt (21) jeweils auf den Niveau von Übergangszonen zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Abstandshalter (30, 31) verbunden sind,
    und wobei sich der Mast (M) zwischen den Abstandshaltern erstreckt, welche durch den ersten Abstandshalter (30) und den zweiten Abstandshalter (31) gebildet sind, wobei der erste Strang (71) und der zweite Strang (72), welche an den Mast geklemmt sind, das Beibehalten der Distanz des Masts von dem ersten Abstandshalter (30) einerseits und des Masts von dem zweiten Abstandshalter (31) andererseits sicherstellen.
  15. Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 14, wobei das System zum Reduzieren der Fläche des profilierten Segels in Kontakt mit dem Wind eine Klemmvorrichtung umfasst, welche dazu eingerichtet ist, zwei strukturelle Wölbungsvorrichtungen untereinander anzunähern, insbesondere die Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) mit der oder den Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtungen (11, 12, 13, 14), oder dazu eingerichtet ist, zwei Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtungen (11, 12, 13, 14) untereinander anzunähern, wobei die Klemmvorrichtung umfasst:
    - Führungen (8), wie beispielsweise Rollen, welche mit der steifen Struktur (2) von zwei aneinander anzunähernden strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen verbunden sind, wobei die Führungen an einer inneren Seite der halbsteifen Struktur (2) entlang des ersten Längenabschnitts (20) und/oder entlang des zweiten Längenabschnitts (21) angeordnet sind,
    - wenigstens eine Klemmverbindung (9), welche sich innerhalb des profilierten Segels erstreckt und welche entlang der Führungen (8) verläuft, indem sie von den Führungen geführt ist, wobei die Führungen abwechselnd an den beiden Wölbungsvorrichtungen dem Verlauf der Verbindung folgend angeordnet sind, wobei die Verbindung an einem distalen Ende (90) an der halbsteifen Struktur von einer der beiden aneinander anzunähernden Wölbungsvorrichtungen und derart angeordnet ist, dass die Wölbungsvorrichtung derart eingerichtet ist, dass ein Ziehen an der Klemmverbindung (9) das Annähern der beiden strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen hervorruft.
  16. Segelboot, umfassend eine Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15.
  17. Verfahren zum Reduzieren der Fläche des profilierten Segels in Kontakt mit dem Wind, ausgehend von einer Anordnung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15 oder zugehörig zu einem Segelboot nach Anspruch 16, ausgehend von einer oberen Position des profilierten Segels an dem Mast, wobei sich die Wölbungsvorrichtungen (1) in voneinander beabstandeten Positionen befinden und wobei die Reduzierung der Fläche des profilierten Segels in Kontakt mit dem Wind ausgeführt wird durch:
    - teilweises Absenken des profilierten Segels in eine Zwischenposition zwischen der oberen Position des profilierten Segels und der unteren Position, sowie unter Annäherung von wenigstens der Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) und der ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11), oder wenigstens zwei aufeinander folgenden Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtungen (11 bis 14), wobei die strukturellen Wölbungsvorrichtungen vollständig oder teilweise in aneinander angenäherten Positionen sind,
    - Vornehmen der Verbindung des Befestigungssystems zwischen wenigstens der Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) und der ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11), welche aneinander angenähert sind, wobei das Tuch des ersten Abschnitts des Segels (SV1) angesammelt und von wenigstens der Verbindung (L1) gehalten ist, welche die halbsteife Struktur der Basis-Wölbungsvorrichtung (10) mit der halbsteifen Struktur der ersten Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtung (11) verbindet, oder Vornehmen von wenigstens einer ergänzenden Verbindung (L2) zwischen den aufeinander folgenden Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtungen (11, 12, 13, 14), wobei die Zwischenverbindung den Abschnitt des Segels hält, welcher zwischen den Zwischen-Wölbungsvorrichtungen angesammelt ist.
EP22789267.6A 2021-09-21 2022-09-19 Anordnung mit einem flügelsegel, einem mast und mehreren wölbungsverstellvorrichtungen für ein flügelsegel und system zur reduzierung des bereichs des den wind fangenden flügels Active EP4405246B1 (de)

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FR2109908A FR3127198B1 (fr) 2021-09-21 2021-09-21 Ensemble comprenant une voile profilée ; un mât plusieurs dispositifs cambreurs pour voile profilée, et un système de réduction de la surface de la voile profilée en prise avec le vent
PCT/FR2022/051760 WO2023047048A1 (fr) 2021-09-21 2022-09-19 Ensemble comprenant une voile profilee; un mat plusieurs dispositifs cambreurs pour voile profilee, et un systeme de reduction de la surface de la voile profilee en prise avec le vent

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FR2567098B1 (fr) * 1984-07-05 1987-07-10 Graveline Jean Dispositif aerodynamique a concavite reversible, souple et affalable, pour la propulsion par la force du vent
EP0242408B1 (de) * 1986-04-16 1991-07-17 Wilhelm Laib Segelboot
IT1231705B (it) * 1989-09-15 1991-12-20 Giorgio Magrini Struttura di vela cosidetta ad ala.
US6953000B2 (en) * 2000-02-14 2005-10-11 Fink Lowell S Universally compatible, semi-elliptical, vertically deployed sail system for wind—propelled vehicles
US6431100B2 (en) * 2000-03-24 2002-08-13 Charles Allen Abshier Stowable semi-rigid wing sail system
EP1373064B1 (de) * 2001-03-09 2012-02-22 Ilan Gonen Flexibles tragflügel-segel und dieses enthaltendes windangetriebenes fahrzeug
AT504907B1 (de) * 2007-07-10 2008-09-15 Waldhauser Kurt Rollreffbaum für segelschiffe
JP5025711B2 (ja) * 2009-11-06 2012-09-12 ユニバーサル造船株式会社 帆走装置および帆走商船
GB201616255D0 (en) * 2016-09-25 2016-11-09 Magnan Charles R Deployable framed wingsail
FR3106332A1 (fr) 2020-01-22 2021-07-23 Philippe MARCOVICH Dispositif cambreur pour voile profilée
FR3123308B1 (fr) * 2021-05-28 2025-05-23 Michelin & Cie Elément de propulsion vélique, Véhicule à propulsion vélique

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WO2023047048A1 (fr) 2023-03-30
US20250136257A1 (en) 2025-05-01

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