EP4567151A1 - Agent de traitement à base d'eau respectueux de l'environnement pour améliorer l'aptitude à la phosphatation d'acier hautement résistant - Google Patents

Agent de traitement à base d'eau respectueux de l'environnement pour améliorer l'aptitude à la phosphatation d'acier hautement résistant Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP4567151A1
EP4567151A1 EP23849373.8A EP23849373A EP4567151A1 EP 4567151 A1 EP4567151 A1 EP 4567151A1 EP 23849373 A EP23849373 A EP 23849373A EP 4567151 A1 EP4567151 A1 EP 4567151A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strength steel
treatment agent
based treatment
water
environmentally friendly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23849373.8A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP4567151A4 (fr
Inventor
Yanliang ZHAO
Wen XING
Yigang DAI
Feng Yang
Zhaohui QIAO
Min Sun
Yaomin LI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd filed Critical Baoshan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
Publication of EP4567151A1 publication Critical patent/EP4567151A1/fr
Publication of EP4567151A4 publication Critical patent/EP4567151A4/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/82—After-treatment
    • C23C22/83—Chemical after-treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/07—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
    • C23C22/361—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing titanium, zirconium or hafnium compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
    • C23C22/362—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also zinc cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
    • C23C22/364—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also manganese cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/34—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides
    • C23C22/36—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates
    • C23C22/364—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also manganese cations
    • C23C22/365—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing fluorides or complex fluorides containing also phosphates containing also manganese cations containing also zinc and nickel cations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/46—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing oxalates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
    • C23C22/06—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6
    • C23C22/46—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing oxalates
    • C23C22/47—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using aqueous acidic solutions with pH less than 6 containing oxalates containing also phosphates
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/73—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals characterised by the process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C22/78—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
    • C23C22/80—Pretreatment of the material to be coated with solutions containing titanium or zirconium compounds

Definitions

  • the present disclosure pertains to the technical field of surface treatment of metal materials, and in particular relates to an environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent for high-strength coiled steel surface.
  • the treatment agent can impart excellent phosphatability to the surface of a high-strength steel sheet, and is mainly used for surface modification treatment of high-strength steel.
  • the phosphating process may be dated back to the early 20th century, and is currently used widely in the process for treating automobiles/home appliances prior to painting.
  • a very mature technical system has been formed in terms of the phosphating solution formula, film-forming mechanism and action mechanism.
  • Phosphating treatment mainly involves contact between a phosphating solution and a steel sheet surface. Due to the action of acid corrosion and the oxidation of a promoter, the hydrogen ion content in the interface area decreases rapidly, and the phosphate radical dissociates gradually and combines with metal ions to form a phosphate salt which deposits.
  • a uniform and fine phosphating layer that completely covers the metal surface can effectively improve coating adhesion and under-film corrosion resistance.
  • phosphating treatment is compatible with galvanizing materials, and the effect is good and stable.
  • the application of phosphating to automotive materials with new surface characteristics is a challenge, and it is also a research hotspot in the industry.
  • ultra-high-strength steel has been used more and more widely, especially automotive high-strength steel. Given its outstanding role in improving safety, environmental protection and lightweight, the ultra-high-strength steel material technology has entered a stage of rapid development, promotion and application.
  • ultra-high-strength steel requires incorporation of more alloying elements, which directly changes the surface properties of the material. Studies have shown that the composition formed by selective oxidation of elements such as Mn, Si, and Cr is enriched on the surface of the steel sheet. During the phosphating process, problems such as coarse grains and poor coverage often occur, and the phosphatability is reduced significantly, which cannot meet the requirements of painting applications.
  • the patents on the technology for modifying high-strength steel surface to obtain good phosphatability mainly include two processes: surface electrolytic pickling for removing an oxide-rich layer and surface flash plating for covering an oxide-rich layer.
  • surface electrolytic pickling for removing an oxide-rich layer
  • surface flash plating for covering an oxide-rich layer.
  • CN104136644 , CN103124799 , CN104508155 and CN103305749 methods are proposed for removing an oxide-rich layer, which affects the phosphatability, from the surface of high-strength steel by electrolytic pickling of a cold-rolled sheet surface.
  • This type of technology is highly implementable, compatible with materials of different composition systems. However, it also has the problems of high energy consumption and environmental pollution. It requires an additional pickling process, unsuitable for a conventional high-strength steel production line.
  • One object of the present disclosure is to provide an environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent useful for optimized modification of the phosphatability of the surface of high-strength steel.
  • a water-based treatment agent comprising one or more components of a fluorine compound, a metal ion compound, an organic acid compound, and a surfactant is formed.
  • the treatment agent can meet the requirements for use in a high-speed continuous process for producing high-strength steel coils and a process for manufacturing processed parts.
  • the specific treatment process may involve formation of a wet film on the surface of a steel sheet by immersion, spraying, roller coating, etc., and the treatment agent may be allowed to quickly form a surface modification layer of several nanometers thick on the surface of the steel sheet by blow drying or heat drying.
  • This modification layer enables epitaxial growth of active crystal nuclei on the surface of the steel sheet with the same orientation as phosphating crystallization, thereby significantly improving the phosphatability of the surface of the high-strength steel sheet containing high contents of alloying elements (such as Mn, Si, Cr, Mo, etc.) without affecting the processing performances such as forming and connecting performances.
  • An environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent for modification of the surface of a high-strength steel product to obtain good phosphatability wherein the surface treatment agent (water-based treatment agent) is prepared by dissolving or dispersing a composition in an aqueous medium, wherein the surface treatment agent specifically comprises:
  • the present disclosure relates to use of the surface treatment agent, wherein the surface treatment agent may be diluted by adding 0 to 20 parts of water per part of the treatment agent prior to use.
  • the surface treatment agent may be used directly without adding water.
  • the metal ions involved in the present disclosure are not limited to specific valence states.
  • the compound containing fluoride ions in the water-based treatment agent of the present disclosure comprises one or more of ammonium fluorotitanate, ammonium fluorozirconate, potassium fluorotitanate, potassium fluorozirconate and the like.
  • the molar concentration of the F element in the solution is 0.3-1.8 mol/L, preferably 0.3-1.7 mol/L, and more preferably 0.6-1.1 mol/L.
  • this additive acts to enable uniform surface etching, and on the other hand, titanium or zirconium allows for dotted deposition on the surface of the material to form active nucleation sites that are conducive to phosphating.
  • the film-forming performance of the surface treatment agent will deteriorate, affecting the modification effect; if the F content is higher than 1.8 mol/L, the stability of the surface treatment agent tends to decrease notably.
  • the one or more metal ion compounds containing Cu, Zn, Mn, Ni, and Fe in the water-based treatment agent of the present disclosure include: sulfates, carbonates, and nitrates that contain copper ions; sulfates, phosphates, formates, and acetates that contain Zn ions; phosphates, carbonates, and nitrates that contain Mn ions; nitrates and oxalates that contain Fe ions; and sulfates, nitrates, and carbonates that contain Ni ions.
  • the molar concentration of the metal ion compound in the solution is 0.05-0.6 mol/L, preferably 0.07-0.6 molk/L, and more preferably 0.1-0.25 mol/L.
  • This additive mainly acts to further supplement the isomorphous nucleation sites for phosphating crystallization. If the content is lower than 0.05 mol/L, the effect of supplementing the nucleation sites for phosphating cannot be achieved; if the content is higher than 0.6 mol/L, the thickness of the modification film layer will be too large, so that a uniform passivation effect will be resulted, which will directly affect the paintability of the treated surface.
  • the organic acid compound in the water-based treatment agent of the present disclosure includes an organic acid compound with a complexing or chelating function such as citric acid, oxalic acid, tannic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, salicylic acid, etc.
  • the organic acid compound is citric acid, oxalic acid, tartaric acid, or tannic acid.
  • the molar concentration of the organic acid compound in the solution is 0.03-0.4 mol/L, preferably 0.05-0.2 mol/L. This compound has a certain cleaning effect on the surface of the steel sheet. At the same time, the resulting reaction products partially adhere to the surface of the steel sheet, and can promote rapid nucleation and growth of the phosphating film. If the content is lower than 0.03 mol/L, the surface cleaning effect will be reduced notably; if the content is higher than 0.4 mol/L, the stability of the treatment agent system will be affected significantly.
  • the compound selected from surfactants in the surface treatment agent of the present disclosure mainly includes: sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl sulfonate, calcium dodecyl sulfonate, octadecylamine, triethanolamine, etc.
  • the molar concentration of the surfactant compound in the solution is 0.002-0.015 mol/L, preferably 0.003-0.01 mol/L.
  • the main function of this additive is to enhance the film-forming performance of the treatment agent, while reducing the surface tension after the film is formed, and optimizing the effect of the phosphating agent in rapidly wetting the steel sheet surface during the pre-painting treatment process, thereby achieving the purpose of improving the phosphatability.
  • the film-forming performance of the treatment agent cannot be optimized significantly; if the content is higher than 0.015 mol/L, the film-forming quality of the treatment agent will be affected notably, and the effect of optimizing the phosphatability after film formation decreases.
  • the environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent for improving the phosphatability of high-strength steel described in the present disclosure can be used on a continuous production line of pickled high-strength steel or cold-rolled high-strength steel, wherein a wet film is formed on the surface of the steel sheet by immersion, spraying, roller coating, etc.
  • the treatment agent can form a nano-scale surface modification layer quickly on the surface of the steel sheet by blow drying or heat drying, thereby achieving the effect of significant optimization of the phosphatability of the high-strength steel surface.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for improving the phosphatability of high-strength steel, wherein the method comprises: treating the high-strength steel with the environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent described herein by immersion, spraying or roller coating. In some embodiments, the method further comprises: treating the high-strength steel with a degreasing agent to remove dirt and oil adhering to its surface, then washing it with pure water to remove alkaline matter remaining on the surface, and then using the environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent to perform surface treatment on the high-strength steel after blow drying. In some embodiments, the high-strength steel is pickled high-strength steel or cold-rolled high-strength steel.
  • the present disclosure provides a method for phosphating high-strength steel, comprising: treating the surface of the high-strength steel using the method described herein, and subjecting the high-strength steel obtained by the surface treatment to degreasing, water washing, surface conditioning, phosphating, water washing and drying in sequence, so that the high-strength steel is phosphated.
  • a high-strength steel herein, wherein the surface of the high-strength steel has a nano-scale surface modification layer, wherein the nano-scale surface modification layer is formed from the surface treatment agent described herein after drying.
  • the phosphating crystal coverage rate is ⁇ 80%, preferably 100%; the phosphating crystal size is ⁇ 6 ⁇ m, preferably ⁇ 4 ⁇ m; and the phosphating film weight is ⁇ 2g/m 2 , preferably ⁇ 2.3g/m 2 .
  • the environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent provided by the present disclosure for improving the phosphatability of high-strength steel enables the surface of the high-strength steel sheet to have excellent phosphatability.
  • the water-based treatment agent of the present disclosure can meet the requirements for use in a high-speed continuous process for producing high-strength steel coils and a process for manufacturing processed parts; at the same time, it does not affect the processing performances such as forming and connection performances. It is also an environmentally friendly water-based treatment agent.
  • compositions of the surface treatment agents used and the type of the steel sheet to be treated are described as follows:
  • the material used in the examples was a typical 80 kg grade ultra-high strength steel with a specification of 1.2 mm and a composition as shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Composition information of the common cold-rolled steel sheet used in the examples Chemical composition % (mass percentage) C Mn Si Al Cr Mo Nb Ti 0.12 1.550 1.100 0.020 0.650 0.000 0.030 0.070
  • compositions and treatment methods of the environmentally friendly water-based surface treatment agents used in the examples are shown in Table 2.
  • Comparative Example 4 means a material with a virgin surface that had not been surface treated with the treatment agent.
  • Table 2 Examples and compositions of the surface treatment agents used Designation F-containing compound (A) F element content "mol/L” Metal salt (B) molar content "mol/L” Organic acid compound (C) molar content "mol/L” Surfactant (D) molar content "mol/L” Coating method Type Content Type Content Type Content Type Content Method Ex. 1 Ammonium fluorotitanate 1.7 Zn-containing phosphate 0.07 Citric acid 0.03 Triethanolamine 0.002 Immersion Ex.
  • the surface-treated sample pieces obtained in the above Examples and Comparative Examples were coated with anti-rust oil in an amount of 1000 mg/m 2 , allowed to stand for one week, and then subjected to pre-painting treatment for evaluation of phosphatability.
  • Laboratory simulation was performed with reference to the pre-painting treatment process flow in an automobile factory, mainly including steps of degreasing, surface conditioning and phosphating.
  • the relevant treatment agents selected were commercial products available from Parkerizing.
  • the specific process parameters are shown in Table 3.
  • Table 3 Phosphating process parameters Step Degreasing Water washing Surface conditioning Phosphating Water washing Pure water was hing Drying Treatment agent FC-L4460 -- PL-Z PB-L3065 -- -- -- Treatment method Immersion Spraying Immersion Immersion Spraying Spraying Heat drying Treatment temperature 40°C Room temperature Room temperature 35°C Room temperature Room temperature 90°C Treatment time 90s 20s 30s 120s 20s 20s --
  • the phosphating crystal coverage rate and crystal size were observed microscopically using a scanning electron microscope, and the phosphating film weight was measured using a chemical dissolution method.
  • the specific methods are as follows:
  • the phosphated surfaces of the sample pieces were observed using a scanning electron microscope (equipment: Zeiss SEM SIGMA500) at a magnification of 1000 times, and the evaluation was done in terms of the fraction of the area covered by the phosphating film.
  • the phosphated surfaces of the sample pieces were observed using a scanning electron microscope (equipment: Zeiss SEM SIGMA500) at a magnification of 2000 times.
  • the length dimensions of 5 random phosphating crystals were measured using the scale, and the average value was taken.
  • Examples 1-6 exhibited good phosphatability with regard to all of the various evaluation items, especially Examples 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 which showed excellent overall performances.
  • a comparison between the Examples and Comparative Example 4 shows that the phosphatability of each of the materials that were surface treated with the treatment agent was improved significantly.
  • a comparison between Example 6 and Comparative Example 1 shows that when the contents of the components in the treatment agent were insufficient, it was unlikely to improve the phosphatability of the sample surface effectively by the treatment.
  • Example 1 the addition of appropriate amounts of the F-containing compound and metal salt could optimize the phosphatability of the sample surface, but excessive addition was not conducive to rapid growth of the phosphating film due to the increase in film thickness, resulting in a decrease in phosphatability.
  • Example 4 and Comparative Example 3 excessive addition of the surfactant affected the film-forming effect of the treatment agent, and thus notably reduced the effect of the treatment on the optimization of the phosphatability of the sample surface.
  • the treatment agent was compatible with typical coating methods such as spraying, immersion and roller coating, and had a wider range of process adaptability.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
EP23849373.8A 2022-08-01 2023-07-31 Agent de traitement à base d'eau respectueux de l'environnement pour améliorer l'aptitude à la phosphatation d'acier hautement résistant Pending EP4567151A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202210919224.7A CN117535653A (zh) 2022-08-01 2022-08-01 一种用于高强钢可磷化性能改善的环保水基处理剂
PCT/CN2023/110360 WO2024027666A1 (fr) 2022-08-01 2023-07-31 Agent de traitement à base d'eau respectueux de l'environnement pour améliorer l'aptitude à la phosphatation d'acier hautement résistant

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP4567151A1 true EP4567151A1 (fr) 2025-06-11
EP4567151A4 EP4567151A4 (fr) 2026-06-10

Family

ID=89782869

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP23849373.8A Pending EP4567151A4 (fr) 2022-08-01 2023-07-31 Agent de traitement à base d'eau respectueux de l'environnement pour améliorer l'aptitude à la phosphatation d'acier hautement résistant

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US20260055511A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP4567151A4 (fr)
JP (1) JP7894512B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20250044360A (fr)
CN (1) CN117535653A (fr)
AU (1) AU2023319450A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2024027666A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN121451105A (zh) * 2024-08-01 2026-02-03 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 涂装锆化前处理性能优良的合金化热浸镀锌钢板及其制造方法

Family Cites Families (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3864139A (en) * 1970-12-04 1975-02-04 Amchem Prod Pretreatment compositions and use thereof in treating metal surfaces
JPS63235483A (ja) * 1987-03-24 1988-09-30 Nippon Parkerizing Co Ltd 鉄鋼材料の化成処理用表面調整液
FR2633534B1 (fr) * 1988-07-01 1992-03-13 Roulements Soc Nouvelle Procede de depot d'un revetement auto-lubrifiant a base de ptfe sur un element de roulement et roulements ainsi obtenus
US5268041A (en) * 1990-04-27 1993-12-07 Metallgesellschaft Ag Process for phosphating metal surfaces
IT1274594B (it) * 1994-08-05 1997-07-18 Itb Srl Soluzione fosfatica acquosa acida e processo di fosfatazione di superfici metalliche che la utilizza
JP3451334B2 (ja) * 1997-03-07 2003-09-29 日本パーカライジング株式会社 金属のりん酸塩皮膜化成処理前の表面調整用前処理液及び表面調整方法
US8986468B2 (en) 2005-03-31 2015-03-24 Kobe Steel, Ltd. High-strength cold-rolled steel sheet excellent in coating adhesion, workability and hydrogen embrittlement resistance, and steel component for automobile
JP2007204835A (ja) * 2006-02-03 2007-08-16 Nippon Paint Co Ltd 表面調整用組成物及び表面調整方法
JP5779847B2 (ja) 2009-07-29 2015-09-16 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 化成処理性に優れた高強度冷延鋼板の製造方法
JP5083354B2 (ja) 2010-03-29 2012-11-28 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 化成処理性に優れた高Ｓｉ冷延鋼板の製造方法
JP5609494B2 (ja) 2010-09-29 2014-10-22 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高強度鋼板およびその製造方法
JP5549615B2 (ja) * 2011-02-04 2014-07-16 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 鋼製部材の化成処理方法、電着塗装を施した鋼製塗装部材の製造方法、および鋼製塗装部材
CN102719819B (zh) * 2011-03-30 2014-10-29 重庆市荣时金属表面处理剂有限公司 一种通用磷化剂
US10174430B2 (en) 2012-02-28 2019-01-08 Jfe Steel Corporation Si-containing high strength cold rolled steel sheet, method of producing the same, and automotive members
JP5789208B2 (ja) 2012-03-08 2015-10-07 株式会社神戸製鋼所 化成処理性と延性に優れた高強度合金化溶融亜鉛めっき鋼板とその製造方法
WO2014013623A1 (fr) 2012-07-18 2014-01-23 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 Procédé permettant de produire une tôle d'acier qui présente d'excellentes propriétés de conversion chimique et une excellente résistance au grippage
JP5962540B2 (ja) 2012-07-23 2016-08-03 Ｊｆｅスチール株式会社 高強度鋼板の製造方法
CN103060788B (zh) * 2013-01-31 2015-10-28 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种燃油箱用单面电镀锌无铬表面处理钢板及表面处理剂
KR101736619B1 (ko) 2015-12-15 2017-05-17 주식회사 포스코 화성처리성 및 굽힘가공성이 우수한 초고강도 강판 및 이의 제조방법
CN107326353A (zh) * 2017-07-19 2017-11-07 杭州五源科技实业有限公司 用于彩涂的镀锌钢板快速磷化剂及其应用
DE102018216216A1 (de) * 2018-09-24 2020-03-26 Thyssenkrupp Ag Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Phosphatierbarkeit von metallischen Oberflächen, welche mit einer temporären Vor- bzw. Nachbehandlung versehen werden
EP4121580A1 (fr) * 2020-03-19 2023-01-25 ThyssenKrupp Steel Europe AG Procédé de génération d'un revêtement de conversion de phosphate et solution de phosphatation exempte de nickel
CN114075663B (zh) * 2020-08-21 2023-09-12 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种碳钢表面用水基处理剂、良耐蚀碳钢及其制备方法
CN113122833B (zh) * 2021-04-11 2022-07-15 宁波奋达新能源科技有限公司 一种铝合金钝化方法
CN114606488B (zh) * 2022-03-29 2023-11-28 东莞市精诚环保科技有限公司 一种高效的锰系表调剂及其制备方法与应用

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2024027666A1 (fr) 2024-02-08
JP7894512B2 (ja) 2026-07-23
JP2025525137A (ja) 2025-08-01
CN117535653A (zh) 2024-02-09
US20260055511A1 (en) 2026-02-26
KR20250044360A (ko) 2025-03-31
AU2023319450A1 (en) 2025-02-13
EP4567151A4 (fr) 2026-06-10

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP4373778B2 (ja) 金属の表面処理用処理液及び表面処理方法
EP2817434B1 (fr) Prétraitement de surfaces en zinc avant une passivation
US4865653A (en) Zinc phosphate coating process
JP4242827B2 (ja) 金属の表面処理用組成物、表面処理用処理液、表面処理方法、及び表面処理金属材料
JP4402991B2 (ja) 金属表面処理用組成物、金属表面処理用処理液、金属表面処理方法および金属材料
JPH10245685A (ja) 金属のりん酸塩皮膜化成処理前の表面調整用前処理液及び表面調整方法
US6755918B2 (en) Method for treating magnesium alloy by chemical conversion
JP2004218073A (ja) 化成処理剤及び表面処理金属
EP4363632A2 (fr) Procédé de construction séquentielle d'une couche de conversion sur des composants présentant des surfaces en acier
US12590346B2 (en) Method for producing hardened steel components with a conditioned zinc anti-corrosive layer
US12344914B2 (en) Method for producing hardened steel components with a conditioned zinc alloy anti-corrosive layer
JP2004218071A (ja) 脱脂兼化成処理剤及び表面処理金属
US20260055511A1 (en) Environment-friendly water-based treatment agent for improving phosphatability of high-strength steel
US4846897A (en) Process and composition for treatment of titanium and titanium alloys
JP2002505378A (ja) 金属表面の燐酸塩処理のための水溶液および方法
CA3263708A1 (fr) Agent de traitement à base d’eau, sans danger pour l’environnement, pour améliorer la capacité de phosphatation de l’acier à haute résistance
JP2013127093A (ja) リン酸塩処理性に優れた高強度鋼板の製造方法
DE69407496T2 (de) Verfahren zum Herstellen eines verzinkten Bleches
US6168674B1 (en) Process of phosphatizing metal surfaces
JP3426408B2 (ja) 潤滑性に優れた電気亜鉛系めっき冷延鋼板の製造設備
JP2002220678A (ja) 熱間圧延鋼板又は鋼材の処理方法及び熱間圧延鋼板又は鋼材
JPH02271000A (ja) 片面電気亜鉛系めっき鋼板の製造方法
JP2007138216A (ja) 化成処理性および耐型かじり性に優れた冷延鋼板およびその製造方法
JP2003064481A (ja) リン酸亜鉛処理剤
JPH0741964A (ja) 表面処理Ａｌ材

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE INTERNATIONAL PUBLICATION HAS BEEN MADE

PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20250130

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC ME MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

DAV Request for validation of the european patent (deleted)
DAX Request for extension of the european patent (deleted)
RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C23C 22/36 20060101AFI20260211BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/80 20060101ALI20260211BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/07 20060101ALI20260211BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/47 20060101ALI20260211BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/73 20060101ALI20260211BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/83 20060101ALI20260211BHEP

A4 Supplementary search report drawn up and despatched

Effective date: 20260511

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: C23C 22/36 20060101AFI20260504BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/80 20060101ALI20260504BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/07 20060101ALI20260504BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/47 20060101ALI20260504BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/73 20060101ALI20260504BHEP

Ipc: C23C 22/83 20060101ALI20260504BHEP