Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/08—Roller bits
  • E21B10/18—Roller bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/26—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers
  • E21B10/32—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools
  • E21B10/34—Drill bits with leading portion, i.e. drill bits with a pilot cutter; Drill bits for enlarging the borehole, e.g. reamers with expansible cutting tools of roller-cutter type
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/60—Drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B10/00—Drill bits
  • E21B10/62—Drill bits characterised by parts, e.g. cutting elements, which are detachable or adjustable
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
  • E21B21/00—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor
  • E21B21/16—Methods or apparatus for flushing boreholes, e.g. by use of exhaust air from motor using gaseous fluids
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D1/00—Sinking shafts
  • E21D1/03—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws
  • E21D1/06—Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cutters
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
  • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
  • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
  • E21D9/12—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms
  • E21D9/13—Devices for removing or hauling away excavated material or spoil; Working or loading platforms using hydraulic or pneumatic conveying means

Definitions

• the invention relates to a drill head for creating a substantially vertical borehole in the ground, comprising a body that can be connected to a rotary drive of a drilling device, with drilling tools arranged on the body for loosening the soil at a working face of the borehole, with a suction device for transporting the loosened soil at the working face, which suction device can be connected to a pump, wherein the suction device has an opening region arranged on the body with at least one opening in the region of the drilling tools at the working face, wherein the opening region has an elongated extension, wherein the at least one opening of the opening region is connected to a suction box, which has a connection opening for connection to the pump at an end opposite the opening, and which has a width and a height, wherein the width extends parallel to the elongated extension of the opening region and wherein the height extends transversely to the width and parallel to the opening region, and wherein the soil loosened by the drilling tools in the opening region can be sucked through the opening from
• Such a drill head is made, for example, of KR10162879B1 , DE19626591C1 , EP2597249B1 , US3384191A , US4195700A US4200160A , and WO2016142910A1 known.
• DE 19626591 C1 shows a drill head for drilling vertical boreholes in the ground and extracting the loosened soil using the airlift method.
• the drill head has drilling tools and a suction system on its underside to remove the loosened soil.
• the suction system has a radially extending channel.
• the channel itself is connected to a suction pipe.
• the loosened soil, along with the drilling fluid, is sucked from the face via the suction pipe.
• Directional nozzles are provided, directed into the channel, through which compressed air or fluid is released to assist the suction process.
• EP 2597249 B1 shows a drilling device for drilling vertical bores in the ground with a drill head rotating on a working face.
• a suction device is provided with an opening located on the outside of the end of the drill head facing the working face and rotating with the drill head. This removes loosened soil from the borehole.
• US 3384191 A shows a drill head with roller bits, which also features a suction system for removing the loosened soil.
• a guide plate is provided, which is located near the suction opening and collects the loosened soil as the drill head rotates and feeds it to the opening.
• Behind the opening is a slanted channel that opens into a centrally located discharge line.
• US 4195700 A also discloses a drill head with roller bits, which has a radial opening at the inner end of which a discharge line is provided.
• the opening is designed as a slot, behind which a conical tube is provided that widens toward the discharge line.
• US 4200160 A discloses a drill head with a suction system for removing the loosened soil.
• the suction system features a slot-shaped radial opening that opens into a cylindrical chamber. From this chamber, a channel emerges that leads into the sewer line.
• WO 2016142910 A1 also discloses a cutter head with roller bits, which has a radial opening with a border that projects beyond the underside of the cutter head toward the face. Behind the opening, a conically shaped chamber is provided, extending across the entire underside of the cutter head. A discharge line is provided at its rear end.
• the object of the invention is to simplify the extraction of the aforementioned drill heads and at the same time to improve their performance.
• the object of the invention is achieved according to a first solution according to the invention in that the suction box tapers in width from the opening towards the connection opening, in that the height of the suction box increases from the opening towards the connection opening, in that at least one tool for loosening and/or for picking up the soil is provided in the opening region, and in that the at least one tool is movable to change the distance of the tool from the working face.
• the width of the suction box is preferably the longitudinal extent of the opening, particularly preferably radial.
• the height of the suction box is preferably the transverse extent of the opening, particularly preferably transverse to radial.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that at least one tool for loosening the soil is provided in the opening area in the form of a toothed rack. Furthermore, it is advantageous that the at least one tool is movable via at least one hydraulic cylinder to change the distance of the tool from the working face, and/or that the at least one tool is pivotable relative to the opening area, preferably via at least one hydraulic cylinder. This allows the penetration depth into the working face to be easily influenced. This can be achieved, for example, depending on the strength of the soil/rock to be loosened.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for at least one deflection area behind the opening, preferably before entering the suction box, in which the flow direction of the loosened soil can be redirected. This makes it particularly easy to convey the material to be removed, liquefied, for example, before reaching the opening, and then remove it.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that at least one tool for loosening the soil, preferably in the form of a toothed rack, is provided in the opening area.
• This allows rock/soil to be loosened at the working face directly in the opening area.
• the material thus loosened can be vacuumed off particularly well.
• This can advantageously be carried out or supported by releasing liquid to liquefy the loosened/extracted soil/rock, for example by at least one liquid jet.
• the at least one tool is movable to change the distance of the tool from the working face, preferably via at least one hydraulic cylinder, and/or that the at least one tool is pivotable relative to the opening area, preferably via at least one hydraulic cylinder. This makes it easy to influence the penetration depth into the working face. This can be done, for example, depending on the strength of the soil/rock to be loosened.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that at least one tool for picking up the soil, preferably in the form of a bar, is provided in the opening area. This allows the rock/soil to be picked up at the working face directly in the opening area. The material thus loosened can be sucked out particularly well. This can advantageously be carried out or supported by releasing liquid to liquefy the loosened/extracted soil/rock, for example by at least one liquid jet. It is also advantageous that the at least one tool is movable to change the distance of the tool from the working face, preferably via at least one hydraulic cylinder, and/or that the at least one tool is pivotable relative to the opening area, preferably via at least one hydraulic cylinder.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the distance of the opening area from the working face is adjustable. It is advantageous that the distance is adjusted by vertically moving the suction box and/or pivoting the suction box around a pivot point, with a drive, preferably a hydraulic cylinder or a spring mechanism, being provided for the movement or pivoting. This allows the amount of sucked-out material to be directly and easily influenced.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that at least one cleaning tool, preferably at least one movable element and/or at least one nozzle for dispensing a liquid jet, is provided in the opening area. This allows blockages in the opening area to be either eliminated or prevented. Furthermore, the liquid jet dispensed by the at least one nozzle can also be used to liquefy the dissolved/conveyed material.
• suction box has a spray nozzle, which is preferably directed from the opening toward the connection opening. This simply improves the material transport within the suction box. Furthermore, the liquefaction of the dissolved material is improved, allowing for improved discharge.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for the suction box to be replaceable within the drill head. This allows the drill head to be easily adapted to different geological conditions. Furthermore, reversing the direction of rotation is also possible.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for a classification element to be provided in the opening area.
• This can be, for example, a grid, partition plates that divide the opening area into several openings, or even several openings. This makes it easy to limit the grain size of the sucked-in material.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for the suction box to be arranged essentially horizontally. This positively influences material transport within the suction box, for example, material liquefaction and material intake.
• the suction box can be arranged essentially vertically. This positively influences material transport through the direct inflow. Surprisingly, it has been shown that this has a positive effect on suction because less material accumulates in the area of the opening. Furthermore, this design is easier to implement in the drill head. Alternatively, an inclined arrangement between horizontal and vertical is also possible.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the opening extends essentially radially outward from the center point. It is advantageous for the opening to be designed in a slot-like manner. A further teaching of the invention provides that the clear cross-section of the opening changes, preferably increases, radially outward along the opening area. This allows the material intake, the location of the material intake, and the intake quantity to be easily influenced.
• connection opening of the suction box is offset from a mid-perpendicular of the opening area, preferably outwards.
• the suction force or flow profile in the suction box or in the opening area can be easily adjusted, thus influencing the amount of material sucked in. For example, by moving it outwards, the flow in the radially outer area of the suction box can be increased in order to be able to better suck up the larger amount of material that accumulates there.
• connection opening of the suction box is pivoted relative to the opening area relative to a perpendicular bisector of the opening area. This allows the suction strength or flow profile in the suction box or in the opening area to be easily influenced, thus affecting the amount of material sucked in. For example, by tilting the connection opening inward, the flow in the radially outer area of the suction box can be increased in order to better suction the larger amount of material accumulating there.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for nozzles to be provided in the opening area, which are preferably directed into the opening area and/or into the opening. This allows the loosened/extracted material in the opening area to be easily liquefied so that it is sucked into the interior of the suction box. It is particularly advantageous that the suction system is dimensioned such that the opening area remains essentially free of loosened/extracted soil/rock. For this to happen, sufficient liquid must be pumped through the suction box and the conveying line, and the liquefaction of the loosened/extracted material must occur in sufficient quantities.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for a flow ring extending toward the face in the area of the opening at the outer edge. This makes it easy to prevent a flow short circuit from the rear of the drill head to the opening.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that, viewed in the direction of rotation of the drill head, at least two nozzles for emitting a jet of a medium, preferably air or a liquid, are provided in front of the opening on the underside of the drill head, said nozzles being directed towards the working face.
• a medium preferably air or a liquid
• the nozzles being directed towards the working face.
• so many nozzles extend along a longitudinal extent that they create a dense jet area.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that, viewed in the direction of rotation of the drill head, at least two nozzles for emitting a jet of a medium, preferably air or a liquid, are provided behind the opening on the underside of the drill head, said nozzles being directed towards the working face.
• a medium preferably air or a liquid
• material can be easily held in the effective area of the opening and/or that the escape of accelerated material, for example, against the direction of rotation can be prevented.
• the proportion of loosened soil not sucked in which is then reprocessed by the drilling tools of the drill head, can be reduced.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the direction of the jet corresponds to a vector which, starting from the nozzle, has a directional component towards the working face and/or a directional component towards the opening.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the jets of the at least two nozzles have a blocking effect against movement of the loosened soil against the direction of rotation of the drill head and/or detachment of the loosened soil from the working face and/or acceleration of the loosened soil.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the jets of the at least two nozzles have a blocking effect against movement of the loosened soil in the direction of rotation of the drill head and/or detachment of the loosened soil from the working face and/or acceleration of the loosened soil.
• the nozzles arranged in front of the opening in the direction of rotation it is advantageous for the nozzles arranged in front of the opening in the direction of rotation to have a smaller directional component to the opening and/or be at a greater distance from the opening than the nozzles arranged behind the opening. This enhances the aforementioned advantages.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that at least one nozzle for discharging a jet of a medium, preferably air or a liquid, is provided on the underside of the drill head, and that the jet causes a movement of the loosened soil into a region of the working face, which is crossed by the opening upon rotation of the drill head.
• a medium preferably air or a liquid
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the jet impinges on a guide plate, thereby causing a change in the direction of movement of the loosened soil.
• the guide plate is arranged as a straight or curved element on the underside of the drill head, and the arrangement is diagonal or at least partially circumferential. This facilitates material distribution.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for at least one nozzle, preferably at least two nozzles, aligned in opposite directions, to be provided in the center of the underside of the drill head. It has been shown that this allows the loosened soil to be easily removed from the center, which, due to its design, cannot be crossed by the suction opening.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that at least one nozzle, preferably at least two nozzles, are provided tangentially aligned on the underside of the drill head. This allows the loosened soil to be easily redirected from the outer region, which cannot be easily crossed by the suction opening, to the area where suction takes place. This is preferably further supported by a combination of the aforementioned guide vanes.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that radially adjustable edge cutting tools are provided.
• the object of the invention is achieved according to a second inventive solution in that, viewed in the direction of rotation of the drill head, at least two nozzles for emitting a jet of a medium, preferably air or a liquid, are provided in front of the opening on the underside of the drill head, said nozzles being directed towards the working face. Particularly preferably, so many nozzles extend along a longitudinal extent that they create a dense jet area.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that, viewed in the direction of rotation of the drill head, at least two nozzles for emitting a jet of a medium, preferably air or a liquid, are provided behind the opening on the underside of the drill head, said nozzles being directed towards the working face.
• a medium preferably air or a liquid
• material can be easily held in the effective area of the opening and/or that the escape of accelerated material, for example, against the direction of rotation can be prevented.
• the proportion of loosened soil not sucked in which is then reprocessed by the drilling tools of the drill head, can be reduced.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the direction of the jet corresponds to a vector which, starting from the nozzle, has a directional component towards the working face and/or a directional component towards the opening.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the jets of the at least two nozzles have a blocking effect against movement of the loosened soil against the direction of rotation of the drill head and/or detachment of the loosened soil from the working face and/or acceleration of the loosened soil.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the jets of the at least two nozzles have a blocking effect against movement of the loosened soil in the direction of rotation of the drill head and/or detachment of the loosened soil from the working face and/or acceleration of the loosened soil.
• the nozzles arranged in front of the opening in the direction of rotation it is advantageous for the nozzles arranged in front of the opening in the direction of rotation to have a smaller directional component to the opening and/or be at a greater distance from the opening than the nozzles arranged behind the opening. This enhances the aforementioned advantages.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the opening area has an elongated extension, that the at least one opening of the opening area is connected to a suction box, which has a connection opening for connection to the pump at an end opposite the opening, that the soil loosened by the drilling tools in the opening area is pumped through the opening from the pump into the suction box in a
• the suction box is designed to be suctionable in the direction of flow, so that the width of the suction box tapers from the opening towards the connection opening, and the height of the suction box increases from the opening towards the connection opening.
• the object of the invention is achieved according to a third inventive solution in that at least one nozzle for discharging a jet of a medium, preferably air or a liquid, is provided on the underside of the drill head, and that the jet causes the loosened soil to move into a region of the working face that is traversed by the opening upon rotation of the drill head.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the jet impinges on a guide plate, thereby causing a change in the direction of movement of the loosened soil.
• the guide plate is arranged as a straight or curved element on the underside of the drill head, and the arrangement is diagonal or at least partially circumferential. This facilitates material distribution.
• a further teaching of the invention provides for at least one nozzle, preferably at least two nozzles, aligned in opposite directions, to be provided in the center of the underside of the drill head. It has been shown that this allows the loosened soil to be easily removed from the center, which, due to its design, cannot be crossed by the suction opening.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that at least one nozzle, preferably at least two nozzles, are provided tangentially aligned on the underside of the drill head. This allows the loosened soil to be easily redirected from the outer region, which cannot be easily crossed by the suction opening, to the area where suction takes place. This is preferably further supported by a combination of the aforementioned guide vanes.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that radially adjustable edge cutting tools are provided.
• a further teaching of the invention provides that the opening region has an elongated extension, that the at least one opening of the opening region is connected to a suction box which has a connection opening for connection to the pump at an end opposite the opening, that the soil loosened by the drilling tools in the opening region can be sucked through the opening from the pump into the suction box in a flow direction, that the suction box tapers in width from the opening towards the connection opening, and that the height of the suction box increases from the opening towards the connection opening.
• FIG. 1 to Figure 4 show a three-dimensional representation of a drill head 10 according to the invention in a first embodiment.
• the drill head 10 has a body 11 on which drilling tools 12 are arranged on its underside 13.
• the drill head 10 has a connection 15 for a drive (not shown) of a drilling device (not shown).
• the drive (not shown) is provided, for example, directly in the drilling device, which is arranged, for example, in a casing pipe (not shown) or in a pile (not shown).
• a further non-exhaustive alternative can also be a top drive provided on a casing pipe or on a pile, to which the drill head 10 is connected via a rod assembly.
• Other variants of drives, drilling devices and arrangements in a borehole/pile are also possible.
• the drill head can also be used in conjunction with a shaft boring machine.
• the body 11 can have on its circumference 16 fold-out edge cutting tools 17, which in Figure 1 is shown extended. Furthermore, wear elements 18 are provided on the circumference 16 of the body 11, for example.
• the drilling tools 12 can be, for example, disc bits 12a, planing bits 12b, or roller bits 12c.
• the selection of the drilling tools 12 depends on the soil/rock to be removed to create the borehole. Shown here are disc bits 12a and planing bits 12c.
• a centering drilling tool 19 is also provided, which enables centering of the drill head 10.
• the body 11 has a suction box 20 on its underside 13 in a first embodiment.
• the suction box 20 is in the Figures 5 to 11 shown in detail. It has an opening area 22 on its front side 21, which has at least one opening 23.
• the opening 23 of the first embodiment of the suction box 20 has a classification element 24 that divides the opening 23 into opening sections 23a.
• the classification element 24 determines the grain size of the loosened soil/rock that can enter the interior space 25 of the suction box 20.
• the interior 25 is formed by a lid 26 as the top and a base 27 as the bottom, which are designed flat in one embodiment. Other forms of lid and floor are also possible. Furthermore, the suction box 20 has side walls 28, which extend from the front side 21 along the shape of the lid and floor.
• a funnel is formed, for example and preferably, due to the fact that the width BB of the interior 25 is reduced by the curved shape of the side walls 28, whereby the flow velocity of the announced mixture of dissolved soil/rock and carrier medium increases with decreasing width BB.
• an opening 29 is provided, at which a connection 30 for a conveying line 31 is provided, which is connected to a pump (not shown) during drilling operation in order to carry out the removal of the loosened soil/rock or the mixture of conveying medium and loosened soil/rock.
• the height HH of the interior 25 of the suction box 20 can also be varied, in particular increased, starting from the front 21 to the opening 29 at the rear of the suction box 20 in order to counteract blockages of the interior 25 by loosened soil/rock.
• the suction box 20 shown symmetrically here, asymmetrically, for example by arranging the opening 29 laterally offset (not shown).
• the opening 29 is offset towards the circumference 16 of the body 11 in order to adapt the flow profile in the areas where more soil/rock is loosened during rotation in the direction of rotation A and enters the interior 25 of the suction box 20 through the opening 23, for example to specifically increase the flow velocity in areas of the interior 25.
• sliding elements 32 are arranged, which enable the suction box 20 to slide on the working face or at a defined distance from it during drilling or rotation in the direction of rotation A.
• the opening area 22 has, in the area of the opening 23, which extends along the front side 21, soil removal tools 33, here for example a peeling knife. Soil loosening tools 33 make it possible to specifically loosen or pick up soil/rock in the area of the front side 21 of the suction box 20 and to feed it to the opening 23, in which it is then removed.
• soil removal tools 33 here for example a peeling knife. Soil loosening tools 33 make it possible to specifically loosen or pick up soil/rock in the area of the front side 21 of the suction box 20 and to feed it to the opening 23, in which it is then removed.
• guide plates may also be provided (not shown) to supply the dissolved material, which is not directly sucked in by the flow in flow direction B, to the opening area 22 and then to suck it through the openings 23 into the interior space 25.
• Nozzles 34 are arranged above the openings 23 on the front side 21 (see example Fig. 9 ), which emit a jet in the direction E of a carrier medium, for example a liquid or air, into the interior space 25, which jet is directed in the direction B of the opening 29, so that material located in the interior space 25 is moved in the direction B towards the opening 29. Furthermore, accumulations of dissolved material can also be dissolved by the jets emitted by the nozzles 34. If a liquid is emitted, this can, for example or alternatively, also be used to liquefy the dissolved/conveyed material in the suction box 20 and/or opening area 22 and thus ensure better conveyance.
• the conveying flow in the conveying line 31 and/or the liquefaction are designed such that the dissolved/conveyed material does not accumulate in the opening area 22, but rather the opening area 22 remains essentially free.
• a cleaning element 35 is provided in the opening area 22.
• the cleaning element 35 has rods 36 that are guided in passages 37, so that when the rods 36 are moved in the cleaning direction C, the rods engage in the opening sections 23a of the openings 23 or in the classifying elements 24 provided there and remove trapped material from them, thus making the opening 23 passable again.
• the cleaning element 35 is then moved back out of the opening sections 23a in the opposite direction of the arrow C.
• nozzles 38 can also be provided for cleaning the openings or the classifying elements 24, which emit liquid jets for cleaning in the cleaning direction D, as shown by way of example in Fig. 9 shown.
• a liquid is dispensed, it can be used, for example or alternatively, to liquefy the dissolved/conveyed material in the suction box 20 and/or the opening area, thus ensuring better removal.
• the conveying flow in the conveying line 31 and/or the liquefaction are designed such that the dissolved/conveyed material does not accumulate in the opening area 22, but rather the opening area 22 remains essentially clear.
• FIG 12 to Figure 15 show a spatial representation of a drill head 10 according to the invention in a second embodiment.
• the drill head 10 has a body 11 on which drilling tools 12 are arranged on its underside 13.
• the drill head 10 has a connection 15 for a drive (not shown) of a drilling device (not shown).
• the drive (not shown) is provided, for example, directly in the drilling device, which is arranged, for example, in a casing pipe (not shown) or in a pile (not shown).
• a further non-exhaustive alternative can also be a top drive provided on a casing pipe or on a pile, to which the drill head 10 is connected via a rod assembly.
• Other variants of drives, drilling devices and arrangements in a borehole/pile are also possible.
• the drill head can also be used in conjunction with a shaft boring machine.
• the body 11 can have on its circumference 16 fold-out edge cutting tools 17, which in Figure 1 is shown extended. Furthermore, wear elements 18 are provided on the circumference 16 of the body 11, for example.
• the drilling tools 12 can be, for example, disc bits 12a, planing bits 12b, or roller bits 12c.
• the selection of the drilling tools 12 depends on the soil/rock to be removed to create the borehole. Shown here are roller bits 12c and planing bits 12b.
• a centering drilling tool 19 is also provided, which enables centering of the drill head 10.
• the body 11 has a suction box 40 on its underside 13 in a second embodiment.
• the suction box 40 is shown in the Figures 16 to 19 presented in detail.
• Figure 18 shows a sectional view AA from Figure 16 .
• Figure 19 shows an enlarged view of the circled area Figure 18 .
• the suction box 40 has an opening area 42 in the region of its front side 41, which has at least one opening 43.
• the opening 43 of the second embodiment of the suction box 40 may have a classification element (not shown here) that divides the opening 43 into opening sections 43a.
• the classification element determines the grain size of the loosened soil/rock that can enter the interior space 45 of the suction box 20.
• the interior space 45 is formed by a lid 46 as the top side and a base 47 as the bottom side, which are designed to be flat in one embodiment. Other lid and base shapes are also possible. Furthermore, the suction box 40 has side walls 48, which here extend from the front side 41 along the shape of the lid and base.
• a funnel is formed, for example and preferably, due to the fact that the width BB of the interior 45 decreases due to the curved shape of the side walls 48, whereby the flow velocity of the desired mixture of loosened soil/rock and carrier medium increases with decreasing width BB.
• the height HH of the interior 45 of the suction box 40 changes, starting from the front 41 to the opening 49 at the rear of the suction box 40. In the second embodiment, it increases to counteract blockages of the interior 45 by loosened soil/rock. Other height variations are also possible to create specific flow profiles in the interior 45. This also applies to the suction box 20 of the first embodiment.
• an opening 49 is provided, at which a connection 40 for a conveying line 41 is provided, which is connected to a pump (not shown) during drilling operation in order to carry out the removal of the loosened soil/rock or the mixture of conveying medium and loosened soil/rock.
• the suction box 40 which is shown symmetrically here, can be designed asymmetrically, for example by arranging the opening 49 laterally offset.
• the opening 49 is offset towards the circumference 16 of the body 11 in order to specifically increase the flow velocity in the areas in which more soil/rock is loosened during rotation in the direction of rotation F and enters the interior 45 of the suction box 40 through the opening 43.
• connection 40 of the conveying line 41 opens at an incline into the interior space 45.
• a deflection element 60 In front of the opening 43 is a deflection element 60, which is movably arranged via stop points 61 with the suction box 40, for example on its side walls 48. This preferably involves a rotary movement in the direction of rotation G around the stop points 61.
• at least one actuator 62 for example a hydraulic cylinder, is provided. This is, for example, connected to a The deflection element 60 is connected to a first stop 63 arranged on the deflection element 60 and to a second stop 64 arranged on the cover 46, so that the pivoting movement can be carried out upon actuation of the actuator 62.
• the deflection element 60 can then be interlaced in the direction of rotation G.
• the deflection element 60 can have nozzles 66 which, for example, emit a jet in direction E of a carrier medium, for example a liquid or air, into the interior space 45. This allows material located in the interior space 45 to be moved in direction B towards the opening 49. If a liquid is emitted, this can, for example or alternatively, also be used to liquefy the loosened/conveyed material in the suction box 20 and/or opening area 22 and thus ensure better removal.
• the conveying flow in the conveying line 31 and/or the liquefaction are designed such that the loosened/conveyed material does not accumulate in the opening area 22, but rather the opening area 22 remains essentially free.
• a sliding element 52 arranged on a base 55 is provided on the bottom 47.
• An opening gap 67 exists between the base 55 and the soil loosening tool 65, depending on the degree of pivoting of the deflection element 60. Its size determines, for example, the amount of loosened soil/rock material absorbed. Furthermore, the opening gap 67 can also be used for classification to prevent the entry of certain grain sizes of loosened soil/rock.
• a nozzle 68 can be arranged on the base 55, which acts as a cleaning element and emits a jet of a carrier medium, for example a liquid or air, in the cleaning direction D in order to remove jammed material from the opening gap 67. If a liquid is emitted, this can, for example or alternatively, also be used to liquefy the loosened/conveyed material in the suction box 20 and/or opening area 22 and thus ensure better removal.
• the conveying flow in the conveying line 31 and/or the liquefaction are designed such that the loosened/conveyed material does not accumulate in the opening area 22, but rather the opening area 22 remains essentially clear.
• a stop element 69 is shown, which is connected to an actuator (not shown), via which the entire suction box 40 is positioned relative to the Body 11 is movable in order to bring the entire suction box 40, for example, closer to the working face or further away from it, whereby, for example, the penetration depth into the working face and/or the amount of loosened material taken up can be influenced.
• the opening 23 of the suction box 20 of the first embodiment thus faces directly toward the direction of rotation A, whereas the opening 43 of the suction box 40 of the second embodiment is not directly reached.
• the loosened material passing through the opening gap 67 must first be redirected in the flow direction by the deflection element 60 and fed to the opening 43. Liquefaction can then also occur here.
• the soil loosening tools 65 of the second embodiment are thus pulled across the working face, while the soil loosening tools 33 of the first embodiment are pushed across the working face.
• FIG 20 to Figure 23b show a spatial representation of a third embodiment of a drill head 10 according to the invention.
• the drill head 10 has a body 11 on which drilling tools 12 are arranged on its underside 13.
• the drill head 10 has a connection 15 for a drive (not shown) of a drilling device (not shown).
• the drive (not shown) is provided, for example, directly in the drilling device, which is arranged, for example, in a casing pipe (not shown) or in a pile (not shown).
• a further non-exhaustive alternative can also be a top drive provided on a casing pipe or on a pile, to which the drill head 10 is connected via a rod assembly.
• Other variants of drives, drilling devices and arrangements in a borehole/pile are also possible.
• the drill head can also be used in conjunction with a shaft boring machine.
• the body 11 can have on its circumference 16 fold-out edge cutting tools 17, which in Figure 20 The individual states of the edge tool 17 are shown in the Figures 29 to 31 shown. Furthermore, wear elements 18 are provided on the circumference 16 of the body 11, for example.
• the drilling tools 12 can be, for example, disc bits 12a, planing bits 12b, or roller bits 12c. The selection of the drilling tools 12 depends on the soil/rock to be removed to create the borehole. Disc bits 12a are shown here.
• a series of disks 12a is provided, which also enable the drilling head 10 to be centered.
• the body 11 has a suction box 70 in a third embodiment.
• the suction box 70 is shown in the Figures 24 to 29 shown in detail. It has an opening area 72 which has at least one opening 73.
• the opening 73 of the third embodiment of the suction box 70 has a classification element 74 that divides the opening 73 into opening sections 73a.
• the classification element 74 determines the grain size of the loosened soil/rock that can enter the interior space 75 of the suction box 70.
• the interior space 75 is formed by a cover 76 as the top and the opening 73 as the bottom, as well as side walls 78 and a rear wall 77.
• a funnel is formed, for example, and preferably, due to the fact that the width BB of the interior 75 (see Figure 26 ) is reduced by the shape and arrangement of the cover 76 and the rear wall 77, whereby the flow velocity of the announced mixture of dissolved soil/rock and carrier medium increases with decreasing width BB.
• an opening 79 is provided, at which a connection 71 for a conveying line (not shown) is provided, which is connected to a pump (not shown) during drilling operation in order to carry out the removal of the loosened soil/rock or the mixture of conveying medium and loosened soil/rock.
• the height HH of the interior 75 of the suction box 70 increases from the opening area 72 to the opening 79 on the top side of the suction box 70 in order to counteract blockages of the interior 75 by loosened soil/rock.
• a nozzle bar 81 is provided in the direction of rotation in front of the opening area 72, and a second nozzle bar 80 is provided in the direction of rotation behind the opening area 72.
• the nozzle bars 81, 82 have a plurality of nozzles 82, 83 arranged in series. These nozzles 82, 83 each emit a jet AA, DD M of a flushing medium, preferably a liquid jet or a compressed air jet.
• the nozzles 82 of the nozzle bar 80 and the nozzles 83 of the nozzle bar 81 are arranged such that they are directed towards the working face and towards the opening area 72.
• the nozzles 82 are arranged at an angle ⁇ to the vertical on the underside 13 of the drill head 10 and the nozzles 83 are arranged at an angle ⁇ to the vertical on the underside 13 of the drill head 10.
• Angles ⁇ and ⁇ preferably differ from one another. Particularly preferably, angle ⁇ is smaller than angle ⁇ .
• the jets AA hit the working face (not shown) and cause the loosened soil to swirl or activate it so that it can be better sucked into the opening 73. Furthermore, the jets AA also create a blocking effect so that loosened soil cannot, if possible, leave the area CC between the jet AA and the jet DD against the direction of rotation A.
• the blocking effect is improved the larger the angle ⁇ , ⁇ is up to the vertical to the working face.
• the dissolving/acceleration effect of the loosened soil improves up to an optimally determined angle ⁇ , ⁇ when the angle ⁇ , ⁇ becomes smaller.
• the beam DD which is directed more directly towards the working face than the beam AA, essentially creates a blocking effect so that material or loosened soil, which has been activated by the beam AA and thus accelerated in the direction of rotation, cannot leave the area CC in the direction of rotation A.
• a flow ring 84 is preferably provided on the outer circumference of the underside 13 of the drill head 10.
• the flow ring 84 extends from the underside 13 toward the working face. It is preferably implemented here as a metal sheet provided on the circumference 16 of the drill head 10. The flow ring 84 ensures that the suction through the opening 73 does not occur in the form of a short circuit from the edge area of the bore.
• openings 85 are provided here, preferably on the right and left sides of the short side of the opening 73. These openings are connected to a line (not shown) through which the fluid is supplied to the suction area.
• the preferred, targeted supply in the suction area particularly prevents crossflows from occurring below the drill head 10 in the excavation area, which would otherwise result in uncontrolled material transport. Such uncontrolled material transport leads not only to wear but also to the drilling tools 12 repeatedly passing over already loosened soil.
• Centralization In order to achieve an optimal material transport of the loosened soil to the opening area 72 of the suction box 70, preferably on the underside 13 of the drill head 10 Centralization is provided.
• This centralization consists of guide plates and nozzles with which loosened soil is fed in specific areas to the area of the working face over which the opening area 72 of the suction box 70 passes. This easily controls the material flow, which also allows for optimized material distribution from the areas where more soil is loosened at the working face to the areas where less soil is loosened by the drilling tools 12, in order to optimize suction.
• guide vanes 86 of varying lengths and angles of incidence are provided directly behind drilling tools 12 arranged in specific sections.
• the guide vanes 86 extend from the underside 13 of the drill head 10 towards the working face. They are arranged diagonally so that the loosened material or loosened soil can be efficiently moved from the outer regions of the underside 13 of the drill head 10 towards the suction area 73.
• This material transport is achieved by nozzles 87, each of which is provided in a housing 88 on the outside of the underside 13 of the drill head 10.
• the nozzles 87 emit a tangential jet EE of a flushing medium (liquid or air) which strikes the respective guide vane 87.
• the jet EE is then deflected in the flow direction HH parallel to the guide vane 87.
• the material which is released by the drilling tools 12 in front of the respective guide plate 86 is then transported by this flushing medium flow in the direction of HH.
• the edge cutting tools 17 also have guide plates 89, which are also arranged diagonally so that material can be transported along the guide plate 89 from the outside through the production of the drill head 10 to the inner region of the underside 13 of the drill head 10.
• nozzles 90 are provided in a housing 91, which direct a jet FF of a flushing medium (liquid or air) onto the guide plate 89, so that the flow direction of the jet FF is changed at the guide plate 89, so that it runs parallel to the guide plate 89 in the direction HH.
• a skiving bit 12b is preferably provided, which cuts and straightens the borehole wall.
• a nozzle 92 For cooling and flushing the skiving bit 12b, a nozzle 92 is provided, which emits a jet (not shown) of a flushing and cooling medium (liquid or air). The jet is directed along the cutter 12b toward the face area. The loosened material washed away here is then captured by the guide plate 89 and also transported away in the flow direction HH, preferably in combination with the jet FF, from the nozzle 90.
• a nozzle 92 is provided, which emits a jet (not shown) of a flushing and cooling medium (liquid or air).
• the jet is directed along the cutter 12b toward the face area.
• the loosened material washed away here is then captured by the guide plate 89 and also transported away in the flow direction HH, preferably in combination with the jet FF, from the nozzle 90.
• nozzles 93 are arranged parallel to the row in a housing 94 is provided, which emits a jet GG of a flushing medium (liquid or air) in flow direction I parallel to the row of discs 12a, so that the loosened material released by the respective discs 12a is conveyed out of the center by the jets GG.
• guide plates 95 are provided, which are arranged circumferentially and curved here on the underside 13 of the drill head 10 in an area of the working face over which the opening area 73 of the suction box 70 passes.
• the guide plates and nozzles divide the underside 13 of the drill head into different material conveying sections J to M.
• the guide plates 89 in conjunction with the nozzles 90 in the area of the edge cutting tools 17 cause an outer conveying area J, which Figure 22 is shown.
• the soil which is loosened by the drilling tools 12 located in these areas is conveyed away by the guide plates 89 in the flow direction HH into the concentrically located further inward areas K1 to K4 to L.
• the areas K1 to K4 are preferably of different sizes because the respective associated guide plates 86 are preferably designed in different lengths.
• FIGs 30-32 The movement states of the edge cutting tool 17 are shown. They have a base body 96 that is movable in the direction of arrow N.
• an actuator 97 is provided, which is preferably designed as a hydraulic cylinder.
• Figure 30 shows the extended position of the edge cutting tool 17, while Figure 31 shows the retracted position.
• a piston 98 with its piston rod in the cylinder 99 By moving a piston 98 with its piston rod in the cylinder 99, the base body 96 is retracted or extended into the body 11 of the drill head 10.
• An emergency solution for recovering the drill head 10 after completion of the drilling work is shown, in which due to a malfunction either the base body can no longer be retracted or the actuator 97 has failed.
• a shear bolt 100 is provided, which in normal operating condition acts as a pivot bearing for the direction of movement N for pivoting the base body 96 into the body 11 of the drill head 10.
• this shear bolt 100 is sheared off, so that the base body 96 can be rotated around the stop 101 in the direction of the arrow. O is pivotable.
• the stop 101 is the point of action of the actuator 97 on the base body 96.

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• 2019
  • 2019-07-24 DE DE102019120019.9A patent/DE102019120019A1/de active Pending
• 2020
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