EP4618745A1 - Utilisation d'isotianil pour lutter contre plasmodiophora brassica - Google Patents

Utilisation d'isotianil pour lutter contre plasmodiophora brassica

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Publication number
EP4618745A1
EP4618745A1 EP23776995.5A EP23776995A EP4618745A1 EP 4618745 A1 EP4618745 A1 EP 4618745A1 EP 23776995 A EP23776995 A EP 23776995A EP 4618745 A1 EP4618745 A1 EP 4618745A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
seeds
plant
methyl
isotianil
strain
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP23776995.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Susanne KRETSCHMANN
Michael Agostinos KLÜKEN
Andreas LÖCHEL
Friedrich Kerz-Moehlendick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bayer AG
Original Assignee
Bayer AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer AG filed Critical Bayer AG
Publication of EP4618745A1 publication Critical patent/EP4618745A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H5/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their plant parts; Angiosperms characterised otherwise than by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H5/10—Seeds
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H6/00—Angiosperms, i.e. flowering plants, characterised by their botanic taxonomy
    • A01H6/20—Brassicaceae, e.g. canola, broccoli or rucola
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/72—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/80—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with nitrogen atoms and oxygen or sulfur atoms as ring hetero atoms five-membered rings with one nitrogen atom and either one oxygen atom or one sulfur atom in positions 1,2
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01P—BIOCIDAL, PEST REPELLANT, PEST ATTRACTANT OR PLANT GROWTH REGULATORY ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR PREPARATIONS
    • A01P3/00—Fungicides

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of the formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, or canola.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of the formula (I) in combination with Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particular winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, or canola.
  • Isotianil is a fungicide and known from, e.g., WO 99/024413, WO 2006/098128, and WO 96/29871.
  • Isotianil derivatives are described for controlling selected fungal pathogens in plants, i.e. rice blast (Pyricularia oryzae) in rice (WO 99/24413), or Black Sigatoka (Mycosphaerella ftjii) in banana (WO 2010/037482.).
  • WO 2014/095826 describes fungicidal and/or indescticidal and/or bactericidal compositions comprising Isotianil and at least one further active ingredient selected from tiadinil, probenazole, isopyrazam, and propiconazole.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain QST713 has been deposited as Accession No. NRRL B-21661. Bacillus subtilis QST713, its mutants, its supernatants, and its lipopeptide metabolites, and methods for their use to control plant pathogens and insects are fully described in U.S. Patent Nos. 6,060,051; 6,103,228; 6,291,426; 6,417,163 and 6,638,910. In these patents, the strain is referred to as AQ713, which is synonymous with QST713. Any references in this specification to QST713 refer to Bacillus subtilis QST713.
  • Bacillus subtilis QST713 e.g., Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 and AQ30004, deposited as Accession Numbers NRRL B-50421 and NRRL B-50455
  • Bacillus subtilis QST713 e.g., Bacillus subtilis AQ30002 and AQ30004, deposited as Accession Numbers NRRL B-50421 and NRRL B-50455
  • NRRL B-50421 deposited as Accession Numbers NRRL B-50421 and NRRL B-50455
  • subtilis 168 are 85% or greater identical to proteins in QST713.
  • a pesticidal product based on B. subtilis strain FZB24 which is as closely related to QST713 as FZB42, is classified in documents of the U.S. EPA as B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens . Due to these complexities in nomenclature, this particular Bacillus species is variously designated, depending on the document, as B. subtilis, B. amyloliquefaciens, and B. subtilis var.
  • SERENADE® ASO (Aqueous Suspension-Organic) contains 1.34% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 98.66% of other ingredients. SERENADE® ASO is formulated to contain a minimum of 1 x 10 9 cfu/g of QST713 while the maximum amount of QST713 has been determined to be 3.3 x IO 10 cfu/g. Alternate commercial names for SERENADE® ASO include SERENADE BIOFUNGICIDE®, SERENADE SOIL® and SERENADE® GARDEN DISEASE. For further information, see the U.S. EPA Master Labels for SERENADE® ASO dated January 4, 2010 and SERENADE SOIL®, each of which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • SERENADE® MAX contains 14.6% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 85.4% of other ingredients. SERENADE® MAX is formulated to contain a minimum of 7.3 x 109 cfu/g of QST713 while the maximum amount of QST713 has been determined to be 7.9 x 1010 cfu/g. For further information, see the U.S. EPA Master Label for SERENADE® MAX, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI) contains 26.2% of dried QST713 as an active ingredient and 73.8% of other ingredients.
  • SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI) is formulated to contain a minimum of 1.31 x 1010 cfu/g of QST713.
  • U.S. EPA Master Label for SERENADE® OPTIMUM (or OPTI), which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
  • QST713 Other products containing QST713 are available as MINUETTM or SUSTEED® from Bayer CropScience LP, US.
  • Clubroot is a plant disease caused by the pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae (https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/41865 (Accessed on 06.12.2021, 1:22 pm)). It is a unicellular protist of the Rhizaria group (Nikolaev SI, Berney C, Fahrni JF, Bolivar I, Polet S, Mylnikov AP, Aleshin W, Petrov NB, Pawlowski J: The twilight of Heliozoa and rise of Rhizaria, an emerging supergroup of amoeboid eukaryotes.
  • oilseed rape is planted in a short crop rotation on 70% of the fields (Nazanin Zamani- Noor et al.: Overview of the clubroot incidence and variation in the pathotypes of Plasmodiophora brassicae populations in Europe. Integrated Control in Oilseed Crops IOBC-WPRS Bulletin Vol. 136 (2016)), which could increase the number and severity of clubroot incidents.
  • 124 new oilseed rape fields affected by clubroot were discovered between 2013 and 2017 (Zamani-Noor, N.: Effects of calcium cyanamide, burnt lime and cultivar resistance on suppression of clubroot disease in oilseed rape cultivation.
  • Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient are particularly suitable for controlling clubroot in plants of the Brassica family.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants selected from Brassica napus.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the plant is canola.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the plant is a canola hybrid.
  • Isotianil is used in combination with QST713.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil to a plant, plant parts, or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a plant selected from Brassica napus.
  • Isotianil is applied to seeds or fruits of the plants in need of treatment.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, and spring oilseed rape.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassiccie comprising the step of treating a Brassica napus plant or plant part of a Brassica napus plant with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from canola.
  • the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • Isotianil is used in combination with QST713. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids. In another embodiment, the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds, even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
  • Isotianil is used in combination with QST713. This includes the use of Isotianil in combination with QST713 in a single step, as well as applying Isotianil and QST713 in two separate steps.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the seeds are from a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the seeds are treated with Isotianil at a dose range from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape. In another embodiment, the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids, spring oilseed rape hybrids, and canola hybrids.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil and QST713, wherein the seeds are seed of Brassica napus.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the seeds are seeds of a plant selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrids and spring oilseed rape hybrids.
  • the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar canola, cabbage, mustard and radish.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or a plant part of a Brassica plant, preferably seeds or fruits of a Brassica plant, with Isotianil, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
  • Brassica plants and plant cultivars which may be treated by the above disclosed methods include those plants characterized by enhanced yield characteristics. Increased yield in said plants may be the result of, for example, improved plant physiology, growth and development, such as water use efficiency, water retention efficiency, improved nitrogen use, enhanced carbon assimilation, improved photosynthesis, increased germination efficiency and accelerated maturation.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of applying Isotianil and/or a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, to a plant, plant parts, seeds, fruits or to the soil in which plants in need of treatment grow, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassicaceae plant, more preferably the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or plant part of a Brassica plant, preferably seeds or fruits of a Brassica plant, with a combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, wherein the plant, plant parts, seeds and fruits are of a Brassica plant selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard and radish, more preferably oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seed of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of Brassicaceae sp.: Brassica carinata'. Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage; Brassica elongata'. elongated mustard; Brassica fruticulosa. Mediterranean cabbage; Brassica juncea. Indian mustard, brown and leaf mustards, Sarepta mustard; Brassica napus comprising winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, rutabaga (Brassica napus subsp rapifera swede/Swedish tumip/swede turnip); Brassica narinosa'.
  • Brassicaceae sp. Brassica carinata'. Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage
  • Brassica elongata' elongated mustard
  • Brassica fruticulosa Mediterranean cabbage
  • Brassica juncea
  • Brassica nigra' black mustard
  • Brassica oleracea comprising cultivars like kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kai-lan, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi
  • Brassica rapa (syn B. campe stris) comprising Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini, komatsuna, mizuna; Brassica rupestris'. brown mustard; Brassica septiceps'. seventop turnip; Brassica toumefortii'. Asian mustard
  • Brassica alba (syn Sinapis alba, white mustard); Armoracia rusticana. horseradish; Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis, Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus'. radish; and Canola varieties.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and canola.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from Brassica napus.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is canola.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil as mentioned before, wherein the plant of the Brassica family is a canola hybrid.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora brassiccie comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or a plant part of a Brassica plant with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to a method for controlling Plasmodiophora hrassicae comprising the step of treating a Brassica plant or plant part of a Brassica plant with combination of Isotianil and one or more further active ingredients selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora hrassicae comprising the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the Brassica plant is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, and canola.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the Brassica plant is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are canola seeds.
  • the present invention relates to the method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant as mentioned before, wherein the seeds are canola hybrid seeds.
  • the present invention relates to seeds treated with Isotianil, wherein the seeds are seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
  • Resistance is the ability of a plant variety to restrict the growth and development of a specified pest or pathogen and/or the damage they cause when compared to susceptible plant varieties under similar environmental conditions and pest or pathogen pressure. Resistant varieties may exhibit some disease symptoms or damage under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.
  • High resistance plant varieties that highly restrict the growth and development of the specified pest or pathogen under normal pest or pathogen pressure when compared to susceptible varieties. These plant varieties may, however, exhibit some symptoms or damage under heavy pest or pathogen pressure.
  • Intermediate resistance plant varieties that restrict the growth and development of the specified pest or pathogen, but may exhibit a greater range of symptoms or damage compared to highly resistant varieties. Intermediate resistant plant varieties will still show less severe symptoms or damage than susceptible plant varieties when grown under similar environmental conditions and/or pest or pathogen pressure.
  • Plants mean all plants and plant populations, such as desired and undesired wild plants or crop plants (including naturally occurring crop plants).
  • Crop plants may be plants which can be obtained by conventional breeding and optimization methods or by biotechnological and genetic engineering methods or combinations of these methods, including the genetically modified plants (GMO or transgenic plants) and the plant cultivars which are protectable and non-protectable by plant breeders’ rights.
  • Plant cultivars are understood to mean plants which have new properties ("traits”) and have been obtained by conventional breeding, by mutagenesis or by recombinant DNA techniques. They can be cultivars, varieties, bio- or genotypes.
  • Plant parts are understood to mean all parts and organs of plants above and below the ground, such as shoots, leaves, needles, stalks, stems, flowers, fruit bodies, fruits, seeds, roots, tubers and rhizomes.
  • the plant parts also include harvested material and vegetative and generative propagation material, for example cuttings, tubers, rhizomes, slips and seeds.
  • crop species, cultivars and varieties belonging to the plant genus Brassica which may be treated in accordance with the methods of the invention include the following Brassicaceae sp.: Brassica carinata: Abyssinian mustard or Abyssinian cabbage; Brassica elongata. elongated mustard; Brassica fruticulosa: Mediterranean cabbage; Brassica juncea.
  • Brassica napus comprising winter rapeseed, also known as winter oilseed rape, spring rapeseed, also known as spring oilseed rape, rutabaga (Brassica napus subsp rapifera swede/Swedish tumip/swede turnip); Brassica narinosa: broadbeaked mustard; Brassica nigra black mustard; Brassica oleracea comprising cultivars like kale, cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kai-lan, Brussels sprouts, kohlrabi; Brassica perviridis: tender green, mustard spinach; Brassica rapa (syn B.
  • campe st ris comprising Chinese cabbage, turnip, rapini, komatsuna, mizuna; Brassica rupestris: brown mustard; Brassica septiceps: seventop turnip; Brassica toumefortii'. Asian mustard; Brassica alba (syn Sinapis alba, white mustard); Armoracia rusticana: horseradish; Raphanus sativus var. oleiformis,Raphanus sativus L. var. sativus: radish; and Canola varieties.
  • an oilseed plant must meet the following internationally regulated standard: "Seeds of the genus Brassica (Brassica napus, Brassica rapa or Brassica juncea) from which the oil shall contain less than 2% erucic acid in its fatty acid profile and the solid component shall contain less than 30 micromoles of any one or any mixture of 3-butenyl glucosinolate, 4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 2-hydroxy-3 butenyl glucosinolate, and 2-hydroxy- 4-pentenyl glucosinolate per gram of air-dry, oil-free solid.”
  • oilseed rape is understood to include Brassica napus, canola, winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • Preferred Brassica plants are oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus), Brassica rapa and Brassica juncea. More preferred Brassica plants according to the present invention are oilseed rape plants (Brassica napus), more preferred winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape and canola plants (Brassica napus).
  • the Brassica napus, or Brassica juncea plants, or cultivars are also understood to be hybrids.
  • spring oilseed rapes are also understood to be hybrids.
  • winter oilseed rapes or canola particularly hybrids of winter oildseed rape, spring oilseed rape and canola, especially Canola hybrids.
  • These hybrids may have in addition new properties ("traits"), which may have been obtained by conventional biological methods, such as crossing or protoplast fusion.
  • transgenic plants and plant cultivars of Brassica are obtained by genetic engineering, if appropriate in combination with conventional methods (Genetically Modified Organisms).
  • Particularly useful transgenic Brassica plants are plants containing transformation events, or a combination of transformation events, and that are listed for example in the databases for various national or regional regulatory agencies including Event BLR1 (oilseed rape, restoration of male sterility, deposited as NCIMB 41193, described in WO 2005/074671), Event M0N88302 (oilseed rape, herbicide tolerance, deposited as PTA-10955, described in WO 2011/153186), Event MS 11 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-850 or PTA- 2485, described in WO 01/031042); Event MS8 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-A 2003- 188347); Event RF3 (oilseed rape, pollination control - herbicide tolerance, deposited as ATCC PTA-730, described in WO 01/041558 or US-
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola.
  • the Brassica is Brassica napus.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrid, spring oilseed rape hybrid, and canola hybrid.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape and spring oilseed rape.
  • the Brassica is selected from the group consisting of winter oilseed rape hybrid and spring oilseed rape hybrid.
  • the Brassica is spring oilseed rape.
  • the Brassica is winter oilseed rape.
  • the Brassica is spring oilseed rape hybrid.
  • the Brassica is winter oilseed rape hybrid.
  • the Brassica is Canola.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is herbicide-resistant.
  • the Brassica is a herbicide-resistant Canola hybrid, wherein the herbicide-resistant canola hybrid is selected from the group consisting of a canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glyphosate, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glufosinate, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of sulfonylureas, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of imidazolinones, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of pyrimidines, a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glyphosate.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide Glufosinate.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to herbicides inhibiting acetolactate synthase selected from the group of sulfonylureas.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 2,4- Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D).
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant to the herbicide 3,6-dichloro-2- methoxybenzoic acid (Dicamba).
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid selected from the group consisting of Invigor L140P (Bayer CropScience), L160S (Bayer CropScience), L252 (Bayer CropScience), L261 (Bayer CropScience), L120 (Bayer CropScience), L130 (Bayer CropScience), L135C (Bayer CropScience), 5440 (Bayer CropScience), L156H (Bayer CropScience), L150 (Bayer CropScience), L154 (Bayer CropScience), L159 (Bayer CropScience), 45H31 (Pioneer), 43E01 (Pioneer), 43E02 (Pioneer), 43E03 (Pioneer), 45S56 (Pioneer), 45S54 (Pioneer), 45S52 (Pioneer), 45S53 (Pioneer), 45H33 (Pioneer), 45H29 (Pioneer), 45H76 (Pioneer), 46H75 (Pi).
  • the Canola Hybrids InVigor L252, L261, L160S and L140P are registered varieties under the Canadian Seeds Act with the Canadian Food Inspection Agency as Canola, Brassica napus L., Spring hybrid under the respective names L252, L261, L160S and L140P.
  • the list of registered variety is published online on the homepage of the Canadian Food Inspection Agency under the subsection “Registered Varieties and Notifications”. They are commercially available at the time of filing.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid which is resistant or intermediately resistant to clubroot.
  • the Brassica is a Canola hybrid selected from the group consisting of 6076 CR** (Brett Young), 6090 RR (Brett Young), 4187 RR (previously SY 4187) (Brett Young), CS2000 (Canterra), CS2600 CR-T (Canterra), 75-42 CR (DeKalb (Bayer)), DKTF 94 CR (DeKalb (Bayer)), InVigor L241C (BASF), InVigor L241C (BASF), InVigor L234PC** (BASF), InVigor L255PC (BASF), InVigor L258HPC (BASF), 45CS40 (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45CM36** (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45H37 (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)), 45CM39** (Pioneer/Brevant (Corteva)
  • the treatment according to the invention may also result in superadditive effects.
  • the following effects are possible, which extend beyond the effects which are actually to be expected: reduced application rates and/or a widened spectrum of action and/or an increased efficacy of the active ingredient(s) and compositions which can be employed in accordance with the invention, better plant growth, increased tolerance to high or low temperatures, increased tolerance to drought or water or soil salinity, improved flowering performance, easier harvesting, accelerated maturation, higher yields, larger fruit, greater plant height, more intensive green colour of the leaf, earlier flowering, better quality and/or higher nutritional value of the harvested crops, higher sugar concentration in the fruits, better storability and/or processability of the harvested crops.
  • Isotianil can also exert a strengthening effect on plants. They are therefore suitable for mobilizing the plant defence system against attack by microbial and animal pathogens. This may be one of the reasons for the increased efficacy of the combinations according to the invention, for example against fungi.
  • Plant-strengthening (resistance-inducing) substances in the present context are also to be understood as meaning those substances or substance combinations which are capable of stimulating the plant defence system such that the treated plants, when subsequently inoculated with microbial and animal pathogens, have a considerable degree of resistance to these microbial and animal pathogens.
  • the substances according to the invention can therefore be employed for protecting plants against attack by the abovementioned pathogens within a certain post-treatment period.
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants selected from Brassica napus, in particular winter oilseed rape, spring oilseed rape, and canola
  • the present invention relates to the use of Isotianil (1ST) of formula (I) for controlling Plasmodiophora brassicae causing clubroot in plants of the Brassica family, in particluar oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish.
  • the plant or plant part is selected from the group consisting of oilseed rape, cabbage, mustard or radish.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) and the composition of the invention may also be used to protect seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae.
  • seed(s) as used herein includes dormant seeds, primed seeds, pregerminated seeds and seeds with emerged roots and leaves.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting seeds of a Brassica plant, wherein the Brassica plant is selected in accordance with the embodiments for the uses and methods as cited above.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • the present invention relates to a method for protecting a Brassica plant from Plasmodiophora brassicae which comprises the step of treating the seeds with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress, wherein the Brassica plant is selected in accordance with the embodiments for the uses and methods as cited above.
  • the treatment of seeds with Isotianil or the composition of the invention protects the seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae, but also protects the germinating seeds, the emerging seedlings and the plants after emergence from the treated seeds from Plasmodiophora brassicae. Therefore, the present invention also relates to a method for protecting seeds, germinating seeds and emerging seedlings.
  • the seed treatments may be performed prior to sowing, at the time of sowing or thereafter.
  • the seed treatment may be performed as follows: the seeds may be placed into a mixer with a desired amount of Isotianil or the composition of the invention, the seeds and Isotianil or the composition of the invention are mixed until a homogeneous distribution on the surface of seeds is achieved. If appropriate, the seeds may then be dried. If desired, the seeds may be pelleted by, for example, adding inert materials to the seed’s surface to adapt its weight, size, shape and/or other properties to the desired characteristics. Then Isotianil or the composition of the invention are applied on the pelleted seeds.
  • the invention also relates to seeds coated with Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress.
  • such seeds are seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, Brassica juncea, canola, preferably seeds of canola, winter oilseed rape or spring oilseed rape.
  • the seeds are treated in a state in which it is sufficiently stable for no damage to occur in the course of treatment. In general, seeds can be treated at any time between harvest and after sowing.
  • seeds which have been separated from the plant and freed from cobs, shells, stalks, coats, hairs or the flesh of the fruits For example, it is possible to use seeds which have been harvested, cleaned and dried down to a moisture content of less than 15% by weight. Alternatively, it is also possible to use seeds which, after drying, for example, have been treated with water and then dried again, or seeds just after priming, or seeds stored in primed conditions or pre-germinated seeds, or seeds sown on nursery trays, tapes or paper.
  • the amount of Isotianil or the composition of the invention applied to the seeds is typically such that the germination of the seed is not impaired, or that the resulting plant is not damaged. This must be ensured particularly in case Isotianil would exhibit phytotoxic effects at certain application rates.
  • the intrinsic phenotypes of transgenic plants should also be taken into consideration when determining the amount of Isotianil to be applied to the seed in order to achieve optimum seed and germinating plant protection with a minimum amount of compound being employed.
  • Isotianil can be applied as such, directly to seeds, i.e. without the use of any other components and without having been diluted. Also the composition of the invention can be applied to seeds.
  • Isotianil and the composition of the invention are suitable for protecting seeds of the Brassica family.
  • Preferred seeds are that of oilseed rape.
  • the treatment according to the invention especially of Brassica plants and/or plant parts, in particular oilseed rape, cabbage, radish and mustard plants and plant parts and of the propagation material with Isotianil is carried out directly or by acting on their environment, habitat or store by the customary treatment methods, for example by drip, spraying, atomizing, nebulizing, scattering, painting on, injecting.
  • Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress is used for application for the treatment of vegetative propagation material, such as seeds (seed treatment).
  • Isotianil and/or combinations of Isotianil with at least one further active ingredient selected from the group consisting of fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, safeners, host defence inducers, and products for reducing plant stress is/are applied as a seed treatment to seeds.
  • a more preferred embodiment of the instant invention is the use and the methods cited above, wherein the method of use is a seed treatment and the range of Isotianil is within the range of from O.lg/dt seeds to lOOg/dt seeds, more preferably, in the range of from 0.5g/dt seeds to 50g/dt seeds , even more preferably from Ig/dt seeds to lOg/dt seeds.
  • a further preferred embodiment of the instant invention is the use and the methods cited above, wherein the method of use is by foliar spray application is within the range of from Ig/ha to 900g/ha such as 50g/hato 800g/ha, or 200g/hato 500g/ha Isotianil.
  • Isotianil can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams, pastes, granules, sachets, aerosols, microencapsulations in polymeric substances, and ULV cold- and hot-fogging formulations.
  • formulations are prepared in a known manner, for example by mixing Isotianil with extenders, that is to say liquid solvents, pressurized liquefied gases and/or solid carriers, optionally with the use of surfactants, that is emulsifiers and/or dispersants and/or foam formers. If water is used as the extender, it is possible for example also to use organic solvents as cosolvents.
  • Liquid solvents which are suitable in the main are: aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes, chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlorobenzenes, chloroethylenes or methylene chloride, aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as cyclohexane or paraffins, for example mineral oil fractions, alcohols such as butanol or glycol, and their ethers and esters, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone or cyclohexanone, strongly polar solvents such as dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulphoxide, and water, and also mineral, animal and vegetable oils such as, for example, palm oil or other plant seed oils.
  • aromatics such as xylene, toluene or alkylnaphthalenes
  • chlorinated aromatics or chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbons such as chlor
  • Liquefied gaseous extenders or carriers are understood as meaning those liquids which are gaseous at normal temperature and under normal pressure, for example aerosol propellants such as halohydrocarbons and butane, propane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
  • Suitable solid carriers are: for example ground natural minerals such as kaolins, clays, talc, chalk, quartz, attapulgite, montmorillonite or diatomaceous earth, and ground synthetic minerals such as highly disperse silica, alumina and silicates.
  • Suitable solid carriers for granules are: for example crushed and fractionated natural rocks such as calcite, pumice, marble, sepiolite, dolomite, and synthetic granules of inorganic and organic meals, and granules of organic material such as sawdust, coconut shells, maize cobs and tobacco stalks.
  • Emulsifiers and/or foam formers which are suitable are: for example nonionic, cationic and anionic emulsifiers, such as polyoxyethylene fatty acid esters, polyoxyethylene fatty alcohol ethers, for example alkylaryl polyglycol ethers, alkylsulphonates, alkyl sulphates, arylsulphonates, and protein hydrolysates.
  • Suitable dispersants are: for example, lignosulphite waste liquors and methylcellulose.
  • Adhesives such as carboxymethylcellulose, natural and synthetic polymers in the form of powders, granules or latices, such as gum arabic, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl acetate, and natural phospholipids such as cephalins and lecithins, and synthetic phospholipids, may be used in the formulations. Further additives may be mineral and vegetable oils.
  • the formulations contain between 5 and 95% by weight of active ingredient, preferably between 10 and 70% by weight of active ingredient, more preferred between 15 and 30% by weight of active ingredient, and most preferred 20% by weight of active ingredient.
  • the invention also relates to the use of the compositions according to the invention for the treatment of vegetative propagation material for protecting the vegetative propagation material and the germinating plant from microbial and animal pathogens.
  • the compounds which can be used in accordance with the invention and which are selected from among compounds according to formula (I) can be converted into the customary formulations, such as solutions, emulsions, suspensions, powders, foams and ULV formulations.
  • formulations are prepared in the known manner by mixing the compounds selected from among the compounds of the formula (I) with customary additives, such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins, mineral and vegetable oils, and also water.
  • customary additives such as, for example, customary extenders and also solvents or diluents, colorants, wetters, dispersants, emulsifiers, antifoams, preservatives, secondary thickeners, adhesives, gibberellins, mineral and vegetable oils, and also water.
  • Colorants which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all colorants which are customary for such purposes. In this context, both pigments, which are sparingly soluble in water, and dyes, which are soluble in water, may be used. Examples which may be mentioned are the colorants known by the names Rhodamin B, C.I. Pigment Red 112 and C.I. Solvent Red 1.
  • Weters which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which are customary for formulating agrochemical active ingredients and which promote wetting. Alkylnaphthalenesulphonates, such as diisopropyl- or diisobutylnaphthalenesulphonates, may preferably be used.
  • Suitable dispersants and/or emulsifiers which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all nonionic, anionic and cationic dispersants which are conventionally used for the formulation of agrochemical active ingredients. The following may be used by preference: nonionic or anionic dispersants or mixtures of nonionic or anionic dispersants.
  • Suitable nonionic dispersants which may be mentioned are, in particular, ethylene oxide/propylene oxide block polymers, alkylphenol polyglycol ethers and tristyrylphenol polyglycol ethers and their phosphated or sulphated derivatives.
  • Suitable anionic dispersants are, in particular, lignosulphonates, salts of polyacrylic acid, and arylsulphonate/formaldehyde condensates.
  • Antifoams which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all foam-inhibitor substances which are conventionally used for the formulation of agrochemical active ingredients. Silicone antifoams and magnesium stearate may be used by preference.
  • Preservatives which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be employed for such purposes in agrochemical compositions. Examples which may be mentioned are dichlorophene and benzyl alcohol hemiformal.
  • Secondary thickeners which may be present in the formulations which can be used in accordance with the invention are all substances which can be employed for such purposes in agrochemical compositions.
  • Cellulose derivatives, acrylic acid derivatives, xanthan, modified clays and highly disperse silica are preferably suitable.
  • the compound according to formula (I), Isotianil can be employed as such or, in formulations, also in a combination with known fungicides, bactericides, acaricides, nematicides, herbicides, insecticides, biological control agents. Mixtures with fertilizers, growth regulators, safeners, nitrification inhibitors, semiochemicals and/or other agriculturally beneficial agents are also possible. This may allow to broaden the activity spectrum or to prevent development of resistance.
  • the active compounds identified here by their common names are known and are described, for example, in the pesticide handbook (“The Pesticide Manual” 17th Ed., British Crop Protection Council 2015) or can be found on the Internet (e.g. http://www.alanwood.net/pesticides).
  • fungicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Inhibitors of the ergosterol biosynthesis for example (1.001) cyproconazole, (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.003) epoxiconazole, (1.004) fenbuconazole, (1.005) fenhexamid, (1.006) fenpropidin, (1.007) fenpropimorph, (1.008) fenpyrazamine, (1.009) Fluoxytioconazole, (1.010) fluquinconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.012) hexaconazole, (1.013) imazalil, (1.014) imazalil sulfate, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.020) paclobutrazol, (1.021) penconazole, (1.022) prochloraz,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex I or II for example (2.001) benzovindiflupyr, (2.002) bixafen,
  • Inhibitors of the respiratory chain at complex III for example (3.001) ametoctradin, (3.002) amisulbrom, (3.003) azoxystrobin, (3.004) coumethoxystrobin, (3.005) coumoxystrobin, (3.006) cyazofamid, (3.007) dimoxystrobin, (3.008) enoxastrobin, (3.009) famoxadone, (3.010) fenamidone, (3.011) fenpicoxamid, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.013) flufenoxystrobin, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.015) kresoxim-methyl, (3.016) mandestrobin, (3.017) metarylpicoxamid, (3.018) metominostrobin, (3.019) metyltetraprole, (3.020) orysastrobin, (3.021) picoxystrobin, (3.022) pyraclostrobin, (3.021) pic
  • Inhibitors ofthe mitosis and cell division for example (4.001) carbendazim, (4.002) diethofencarb, (4.003) ethaboxam, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.005) fluopimomide, (4.006) metrafenone, (4.007) pencycuron, (4.008) pyridachlometyl, (4.009) pyriofenone (chlazafenone), (4.010) thiabendazole, (4.011) thiophanate-methyl, (4.012) zoxamide, (4.013) 3-chloro-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-4-(2,6-difluorophenyl)-6-methylpyridazine, (4.014)
  • Inhibitors of the amino acid and/or protein biosynthesis for example (7.001) cyprodinil, (7.002) kasugamycin, (7.003) kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate, (7.004) oxytetracycline, (7.005) pyrimethanil
  • Inhibitors of the ATP production for example (8.001) silthiofam.
  • Inhibitors of the cell wall synthesis for example (9.001) benthiavalicarb, (9.002) dimethomorph, (9.003) flumorph, (9.004) iprovalicarb, (9.005) mandipropamid, (9.006) pyrimorph, (9.007) valifenalate, (9.008) (2E)-3-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-3-(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)-l-(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en-l-one, (9.009) (2Z)-3-(4- tert-butylphenyl)-3 -(2-chloropyridin-4-yl)- 1 -(morpholin-4-yl)prop-2-en- 1 -one.
  • Inhibitors of the lipid synthesis ortransport, ormembrane synthesis for example (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (10.004) propamocarb, (10.005) propamocarb hydrochloride, (10.006) propamocarb-fosetylate, (10.007) tolclofos-methyl, (10.008) l-(4- ⁇ 4-[(5R)-5-(2,6-difhrorophenyl)- 4,5-dihydro-l,2-oxazol-3-yl]-l,3-thiazol-2-yl ⁇ piperidin-l-yl)-2-[5-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-lH-pyrazol- 1-yl] ethanone, (10.009) l-(4- ⁇ 4-[(5S)-5-(2,6-difhiorophenyl)-4,5-dihydro-methyl
  • Inhibitors of the melanin biosynthesis for example (11.001) tolprocarb, (11.002) tricyclazole.
  • Inhibitors ofthe nucleic acid synthesis for example (12.001) benalaxyl, (12.002) benalaxyl-M (kiralaxyl), (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam).
  • Inhibitors of the signal transduction for example (13.001) fludioxonil, (13.002) iprodione, (13.003) procymidone, (13.004) proquinazid, (13.005) quinoxyfen, (13.006) vinclozolin.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may also be combined with one or more biological control agents.
  • biological control is defined as control of harmful organisms such as phytopathogenic fungi and/or insects and/or acarids and/or nematodes by the use or employment of a biological control agent.
  • biological control agent is defined as an organism other than the harmful organisms and / or proteins or secondary metabolites produced by such an organism for the purpose of biological control. Mutants of the second organism shall be included within the definition of the biological control agent.
  • mutant refers to a variant of the parental strain as well as methods for obtaining a mutant or variant in which the pesticidal activity is greater than that expressed by the parental strain.
  • the ’’parent strain“ is defined herein as the original strain before mutagenesis.
  • the parental strain may be treated with a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • a chemical such as N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, ethylmethanesulfone, or by irradiation using gamma, x-ray, or UV-irradiation, or by other means well known to those skilled in the art.
  • Known mechanisms of biological control agents comprise enteric bacteria that control root rot by out-competing fungi for space on the surface of the root.
  • Bacterial toxins, such as antibiotics have been used to control pathogens.
  • the toxin can be isolated and applied directly to the plant or the bacterial species may be administered so it produces the toxin in situ.
  • a ’’variant is a strain having all the identifying characteristics of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers as indicated in this text and can be identified as having a genome that hybridizes under conditions of high stringency to the genome of the NRRL or ATCC Accession Numbers.
  • Hybridization refers to a reaction in which one or more polynucleotides react to form a complex that is stabilized via hydrogen bonding between the bases of the nucleotide residues.
  • the hydrogen bonding may occur by Watson-Crick base pairing, Hoogstein binding, or in any other sequence-specific manner.
  • the complex may comprise two strands forming a duplex structure, three or more strands forming a multistranded complex, a single self-hybridizing strand, or any combination of these.
  • Hybridization reactions can be performed under conditions of different “stringency”. In general, a low stringency hybridization reaction is carried out at about 40 °C in 10 X SSC or a solution of equivalent ionic strength/temperature. A moderate stringency hybridization is typically performed at about 50 °C in 6 X SSC, and a high stringency hybridization reaction is generally performed at about 60 °C in 1 X SSC.
  • a variant of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number may also be defined as a strain having a genomic sequence that is greater than 85%, more preferably greater than 90% or more preferably greater than 95% sequence identity to the genome of the indicated NRRL or ATCC Accession Number.
  • a polynucleotide or polynucleotide region (or a polypeptide or polypeptide region) has a certain percentage (for example, 80%, 85%, 90%, or 95%) of “sequence identity” to another sequence means that, when aligned, that percentage of bases (or amino acids) are the same in comparing the two sequences. This alignment and the percent homology or sequence identity can be determined using software programs known in the art, for example, those described in Current Protocols in Molecular Biology (F. M. Ausubel et al., eds., 1987).
  • NRRL is the abbreviation for the Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 North university Street, Peroira, Illinois 61604 USA.
  • ATCC is the abbreviation for the American Type Culture Collection, an international depositary authority for the purposes of deposing microorganism strains under the Budapest treaty on the international recognition of the deposit of microorganisms for the purposes of patent procedure, having the address ATCC Patent Depository, 10801 University Boulevard., Manassas, VA 10110 USA.
  • biological control agents which may be combined with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Antibacterial agents selected from the group of:
  • (Al) bacteria such as (A1.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE® OPTI, SERENADE® ASO or MINUETTM from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661, U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (A1.02) Bacillus sp., in particular strain D747 (available as DOUBLE NICKEL® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.), having Accession No. FERM BP-8234, U.S. Patent No. 7,094,592; (A1.03) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain BU F-33, having NRRL Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE); (A 1.07) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No. NCAIM (P) B001389) (WO 2013/034938) from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Al.08) Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.; (Al.09) Paenibacillus polymyxa, in particular strain AC-1 (e.g.
  • Pseudomonas proradix e.g. PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • Pantoea agglomerans in particular strain E325 (Accession No. NRRL B-21856) (available as BLOOMTIME BIOLOGICALTM FD BIOPESTICIDE from Northwest Agri Products); and
  • (A2) fungi such as (A2.01) Aureobasidium pullulans, in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures of blastospores of strains DSM14940 and DSM14941 (e.g., BOTECTOR® and BLOSSOM PROTECT®from bio-ferm, CH); (A2.02) Pseudozyma aphidis (as disclosed in WO2011/151819 by Yissum Research Development Company of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem); (A2.03) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strains CNCM No. 1-3936, CNCM No. I- 3937, CNCM No. 1-3938 or CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR;
  • Aureobasidium pullulans in particular blastospores of strain DSM14940, blastospores of strain DSM 14941 ormixtures
  • (Bl) bacteria for example (Bl.01) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL Accession No. B21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051); (Bl.02) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (available as SONATA® from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having Accession No. NRRL B- 30087 and described in U.S. Patent No.
  • Bacillus pumilus in particular strain GB34 (available as Yield Shield® from Bayer AG, DE);
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens in particular strain D747 (available as Double NickelTM from from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., having accession number FERM BP-8234, US Patent No.
  • Bacillus subtilis Y1336 (available as BIOBAC® WP from Bion-Tech, Taiwan, registered as a biological fungicide in Taiwan under Registration Nos. 4764, 5454, 5096 and 5277); (B1.07) Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600 (available as SUBTILEX from BASF SE), having Accession Number NRRL B-50595, U.S. Patent No. 5,061,495; (B1.08) Bacillus subtilis strain GB03 (available as Kodiak® from Bayer AG, DE); (B1.09) Bacillus subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens strain FZB24 having Accession No.
  • DSM 10271 (available from Novozymes as TAEGRO® or TAEGRO® ECO (EPA Registration No. 70127-5)); (B1.10) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J , having Accession No. B-30890 (available as BMJ TGAI® or WG and LifeGardTM from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (BL 11) Bacillus licheniformis, in particular strain SB3086 , having Accession No. ATCC 55406, WO 2003/000051 (available as ECOGUARD® Biofungicide and GREEN RELEAFTM from Novozymes); (Bl.12) a Paenibacillus sp. strain having Accession No.
  • Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814 (available as VELONDIS® PLUS, VELONDIS® FLEX and VELONDIS® EXTRA from BASF SE);
  • Bacillus subtilis CX-9060 from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.;
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain F727 also known as strain MBH 10) (NRRL Accession No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain FZB42, Accession No. DSM 23117 (available as RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE); (B 1.17) Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (QUARTZO® (WG) and PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (Bl.18) Bacillus mojavensis strain R3B (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-50897, WO 2017/019448 e.g., HOWLERTM and ZIO® from AgBiome Innovations, US
  • Pseudomonas chlororaphis in particular strain MA342 (e.g. CEDOMON®, CERALL®, and CEDRESS® by Bioagri and Koppert)
  • Streptomyces lydicus strain WYEC108 also known as Streptomyces lydicus strain WYCD108US
  • ACTINO-IRON® and ACTINOVATE® from Novozymes B1.24)
  • Agrobacterium radiobacter strain K84 e.g.
  • (B2) fungi for example: (B2.01) Coniothyrium minitans, in particular strain CON/M/91-8 (Accession No. DSM-9660; e.g. Contans ® from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH); (B2.02) Metschnikowia fructicola, in particular strain NRRL Y-30752; (f3TQ3>) Microsphaeropsis ochracea,' (B2.04) Trichoderma atroviride, in particular strain SCI (having Accession No. CBS 122089, WO 2009/116106 and U.S. Patent No. 8,431,120 (from Bi-PA)), strain 77B (T77 from Andermatt Biocontrol) or strain LU132 (e.g.
  • Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert
  • strain Cepa Simb-T5 from Simbiose Agro
  • Gliocladium roseum also known as Clonostachys rosea f. rosea
  • strain 321U from Adjuvants Plus
  • strain ACM941 as disclosed in Xue (Efficacy of Clonostachys rosea strain ACM941 and fungicide seed treatments for controlling the root tot complex of field pea, Can Jour Plant Sci 83(3): 519-524), or strain IK726 (Jensen DF, et al.
  • Trichoderma atroviride Trichoderma atroviride, strain ATCC 20476 (IMI 206040); (B2.17) Trichoderma atroviride, strain Ti l (IMI352941/ CECT20498); (B2.18) Trichoderma harmaturrr, (B2.19) Trichoderma harzianum,' (B2.20) Trichoderma harzianum rifai T39 (e.g. Trichodex® from Makhteshim, US); (B2.21) Trichoderma asperellum, in particular, strain kd (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (B2.22) Trichoderma harzianum, strain ITEM 908 (e.g.
  • Trianum-P Trianum-P from Koppert
  • B2.23 Trichoderma harzianum, strain TH35 (e.g. Root-Pro by Mycontrol);
  • Trichoderma virens also known as Gliocladium Virens' , in particular strain GL-21 (e.g. SoilGard by Certis, US);
  • B2.25 Trichoderma viride, strain TVl(e.g. Trianum-P by Koppert);
  • Ampelomyces quisqualis in particular strain AQ 10 (e.g.
  • NM 99/06216 e.g., BOTRY- ZEN® by Botry-Zen Ltd, New Zealand and BOTRYSTOP® from BioWorks, Inc.f (B2.43) Verticillium albo-atrum (formerly V. dahliae).
  • strain WCS850 having Accession No. WCS850, deposited at the Central Bureau for Fungi Cultures (e.g., DUTCH TRIG® by Tree Care Innovations); (B2.44) Verticillium chlamydosporiurm, (B2.45) mixtures of Trichoderma asperellum strain ICC 012 (also known as Trichoderma harzianum ICC012), having Accession No.
  • CABI CC IMI 392716 and Trichoderma gamsii (formerly T. viride) strain ICC 080 having Accession No. IMI 392151 (e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V .); (B2.46) Trichoderma asperelloides IM41R (Accession No. NRRL B-50759) (TRICHO PLUS® from BASF SE); (B2.47) Aspergillus lavus strain NRRL 21882 (products known as AFLA-GU ARD® from Syngenta/ChemChina); (B2.48) Chaetomium cupreum (Accession No.
  • IMI 392151 e.g., BIO-TAMTM from Isagro USA, Inc. and BIODERMA® by Agrobiosol de Mexico, S.A. de C.V .
  • B2.46 Trichoderma asperelloides IM41R (Accession No.
  • CABI 353812 (e.g. BIOKUPRUMTM by AgriLife); (B2.49) Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in particular strain LASO2 (from Agro-Levures et Derives), strain LAS 117 cell walls (CEREVISANE® from Lesaffre; ROMEO® from BASF SE), strains CNCM No. I- 3936, CNCM No. 1-3937, CNCM No. 1-3938, CNCM No. 1-3939 (WO 2010/086790) from Lesaffre et Compagnie, FR; (B2.50) Trichoderma virens strain G-41, formerly known as Gliocladium virens (Accession No.
  • ATCC 20906 (e.g., ROOTSHIELD® PLUS WP and TURFSHIELD® PLUS WP from BioWorks, US); (B2.51) Trichoderma hamatum, having Accession No. ATCC 28012; (B2.52) Ampelomyces quisqualis strain AQ10, having Accession No.
  • CNCM I-807 e.g., AQ 10® by IntrachemBio Italia
  • Penicillium steckii DM 27859; WO 2015/067800) from BASF SE;
  • B2.55 Chaetomium globosum available as RIVADIOM® by Rivale
  • B2.56 Cryptococcus flavescens strain 3C (NRRL Y-50378);
  • B2.57 Dactylaria Candida,' (B2.58) Dilophosphora alopecuri (available as TWIST FUNGUS®);
  • B2.60 Pseudozyma flocculosa, strain PF-A22 UL (available as SPORODEX® L by Plant Products Co., CA); (B2.61)
  • strain ICC 080 IMI CC 392151 CABI
  • BIODERMA® AGROBIOSOL DE MEXICO, S.A. DE C.V.
  • B2.62 Trichoderma fertile (e.g. product TrichoPlus from BASF);
  • B2.63 Muscodor roseus, in particular strain A3-5 (Accession No. NRRL 30548);
  • B2.64 Simplicillium lanosoniveunr
  • (Cl) bacteria selected from the group consisting of (C 1.01) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No. B-30087); (Cl.02) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); (Cl.03) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.
  • Bacillus subtilis in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (C.1.05) Sinorhizobium meliloti strain NRG-185-1 (NITRAGIN® GOLD from Bayer CropScience); (C.1.06) Bacillus subtilis strain BU1814, (available as TEQUALIS® from BASF SE); (C1.07) Bacillus subtilis rm303 (RHIZOMAX® from Biofilm Crop Protection); (C1.08) Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pm414 (LOLI- PEPTA® from Biofdm Crop Protection); (C1.09) Bacillus mycoides BT155 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus mycoides EE118 (NRRL No. B-50918), (Cl.l 1) Bacillus mycoides EE141 (NRRL No. B-50916), (C1.12) Bacillus mycoides BT46-3 (NRRL No. B-50922), (Cl .13) Bacillus cereus family member EE128 (NRRL No. B-50917), (C1.14) Bacillus thuringiensis BT013A (NRRL No. B-50924) also known as Bacillus thuringiensis 4Q7, (CL 15) Bacillus cereus family member EE349 (NRRL No.
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SB3281 ATCC # PTA-7542; WO 2017/205258
  • Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 available as QUIKROOTS® from Novozymes
  • YIELD SHIELD® from Bayer Crop Science, DE
  • C1.20 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain IN937a
  • C1.21 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, in particular strain FZB42 (e.g. RHIZOVITAL® from ABiTEP, DE)
  • C1.22 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BS27 (Accession No.
  • NRRL B-5015 a mixture of Bacillus licheniformis FMCH001 and Bacillus subtilis FMCH002 (available as QUARTZO® (WG), PRESENCE® (WP) from FMC Corporation); (C1.24) Bacillus cereus, in particular strain BP01 (ATCC 55675; e.g. MEPICHLOR® from Arysta Lifescience, US); (C1.25) Bacillus subtilis, in particular strain MBI 600 (e.g. SUBTILEX® from BASF SE); (C1.26) Bradyrhizobium japonicum (e.g.
  • PRORADIX® from Sourcon Padena
  • C1.33 Azospirillum brasilense e.g., VIGOR® from KALO, Inc.
  • C1.34 Azospirillum lipoferum e.g., VERTEX-IFTM from TerraMax, Inc.
  • C1.35 a mixture of Azotobacter vinelandii and Clostridium pasteurianum (available as INVIGORATE® from Agrinos);
  • C1.36 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in particular strain PN1;
  • C2.01 Purpureocillium lilacinum (previously known as Paecilomyces lilacinus) strain 251 (AGAL 89/030550; e.g. BioAct from Bayer CropScience Biologies GmbH);
  • C2.02) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC 22348 (e.g. JumpStart® from Acceleron BioAg),
  • C2.04 Trichoderma atroviride strain CNCM 1-1237 (e.g.
  • Equive® WP from Agrauxine, FR (C2.05) Trichoderma viride, e.g. strain B35 (Pietr et al., 1993, Zesz. Nauk. A R w Szczecinie 161: 125-137); (C2.06) Trichoderma atroviride strain LC52 (also known as Trichoderma atroviride strain LU132; e.g. Sentinel from Agrimm Technologies Limited); (C2.07) Trichoderma atroviride strain SCI described in International Application No. PCT/IT2008/000196); (C2.08) Trichoderma asperellum strain kd (e.g.
  • Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g. T-Gro from Andermatt Biocontrol); (C2.09) Trichoderma asperellum strain Eco-T (Plant Health Products, ZA); (C2.10) Trichoderma harzianum strain T-22 (e.g. Trianum-P from Andermatt Biocontrol or Koppert); (C2.11) Myrothecium verrucaria strain AARC-0255 (e.g. DiTeraTM from Valent Biosciences); (C2.12) Penicillium bilaii strain ATCC ATCC20851; (C2.13) Pythium oligandrum strain Ml (ATCC 38472; e.g. Polyversum from Bioprepraty, CZ); (C2.14) Trichoderma virens strain GL-21 (e.g.
  • (DI) bacteria selected from the group consisting of (DI.01) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences); (DI.02) Bacillus mycoides, isolate J. (e.g. BmJ from Certis USA LLC, a subsidiary of Mitsui & Co.); (DI.03) Bacillus sphaericus, in particular Serotype H5a5b strain 2362 (strain ABTS-1743) (e.g. VECTOLEX® from Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.04) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • DI.01 Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai, in particular strain ABTS-1857 (SD-1372; e.g. XENTARI® from Valent BioSciences)
  • DI.02 Bacillus mycoides
  • israelensis strain BMP 144 Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis strain BMP 144 (e.g.
  • Burkholderia spp. in particular Burkholderia rinojensis strain A396 (also known as Burkholderia rinojensis strain MBI 305) (Accession No. NRRL B- 50319; WO 2011/106491 and WO 2013/032693; e.g. MBI-206 TGAI and ZELTO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (DI.10) Chromobacterium subtsugae, in particular strain PRAA4-1T (MBI-203; e.g. GRANDEVO® from Marrone Bio Innovations); (DI.
  • Paenibcicillus popilliae (formerly Bacillus popilliae; e.g. MILKY SPORE POWDERTM and MILKY SPORE GRANULARTM from St. Gabriel Laboratories); (DI.12) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (serotype H-14) strain AM65-52 (Accession No. ATCC 1276) (e.g. VECTOBAC® by Valent BioSciences, US); (DI.13) Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki strain EVB- 113-19 (e.g., BIOPROTEC® from AEF Global); (DI.14) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • tenebrionis strain NB 176 SD-5428; e.g. NOVODOR® FC from BioFa DE; (DI.15) Bacillus thuringiensis var. japonensis strain Buibui; (DI.16) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain ABTS 351; (DI. 17) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain PB 54; (DI. 18) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 11; (DI.19) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki strain SA 12; (DI.20) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • israeltaki strain EG 2348 Bacillus thuringiensis var. Colmeri (e.g. TIANBAOBTC by Changzhou Jianghai Chemical Factory); (D 1.22) Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai strain GC-91; (DI.23) Serratia entomophila (e.g. INVADE® by Wrightson Seeds); (DI.24) Serratia marcescens, in particular strain SRM (Accession No. MTCC 8708); and (D 1.25) Wolbachia pipientis ZAP strain (e.g., ZAP MALES® from MosquitoMate); and
  • (D2) fungi selected from the group consisting of (D2.01) Isaria fumosorosea (previously known as Paecilomyces fumosoroseus) strain apopka 97; (D2.02) Beauveria bassiana strain ATCC 74040 (e.g. NATURALIS® from Intrachem Bio Italia); (D2.03) Beauveria bassiana strain GHA (Accession No. ATCC74250; e.g.
  • viruses selected from the group consisting of Adoxophyes orana (summer fruit tortrix) granulosis virus (GV), Cydia pomonella (codling moth) granulosis virus (GV), Helicoverpa armigera (cotton bollworm) nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), Spodoptera exigua (beet armyworm) mNPV, Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm) mNPV, and Spodoptera littoralis (African cotton leafworm) NPV;
  • (F) bacteria and fungi which can be added as 'inoculant' to plants or plant parts or plant organs and which, by virtue of their particular properties, promote plant growth and plant health.
  • Examples are: Agrobacterium spp., Azorhizobium caulinodans, Azospirillum spp., Azotobacter spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Burkholderia spp., in particular Burkholderia cepacia (formerly known as Pseudomonas cepacia), Gigaspora spp., or Gigaspora monosporum, Glomus spp., Laccaria spp., Lactobacillus buchneri, Paraglomus spp., Pisolithus tinctorus, Pseudomonas spp., Rhizobium spp., in particular Rhizobium trifolii, Rhizopogon spp., Scleroderma spp.
  • Symphytum officinale Tanacetum vulgare, thymol, Triact 70, TriCon, Tropaeulum majus, Urtica dioica, Veratrin, Viscum album, Brassicaceae extract, in particular oilseed rape powder or mustard powder, as well as bioinsecticidal / acaricidal active substances obtained from olive oil, in particular unsaturated fatty/carboxylic acids having carbon chain lengths C16-C20 as active ingredients, such as, for example, contained in the product with the trade name FLiPPER®.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.013) imazalil, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfen- trifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.022) prochloraz, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.067) methyl 2- [2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-2-hydroxy-3-(lH-l,2,4-triazol-l-yl)propanoate, (2.001) benzovindi- flupyr, (2.002) bixafen, (2.003) boscalid
  • B21661 U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051
  • G plant extracts and products formed by microorganisms including proteins and secondary metabolites which can be used as biological control agents, such as Fortune Aza, Fungastop, Heads Up (Chenopodium quinoa saponin extract), (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (non-/h) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium -derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g.
  • Penetrans or nishizawae, Sl a compounds of the dichlorophenylpyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid type (Sl a ), preferably compounds such as (Sl-1) ("mefenpyr-diethyl"), biostimulants such as fulvic acids, myoinositol, and/or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino-acids both from animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION & BAYFOLAN cobre, SICIT, Italy), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P.
  • Penicillium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P.
  • LCOs such as OPTIMIZE® (commercially available from Bayer Company) contains a culture of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that produces LCO.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.011) flutriafol, (1.013) imazalil, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.018) metconazole, (1.019) myclobutanil, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (1.028) tetraconazole, (1.031) triticonazole, (1.067) methyl 2-[2- chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl] -2-hydroxy-3 -( 1 H- 1 ,2,4-triazol- 1 -yl)propanoate, (2.001) benzovindiflu- pyr, (2.003) boscalid, (2.004) carboxin, (2.005) cyclobutria,
  • Bacillus subtilis in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (available as SERENADE OPTI or SERENADE ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US, having NRRL AccessionNo. B21661, U.S. PatentNo. 6,060,051), (Group N-UNB) Bacterial agents (nonPt) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g.
  • Penicillium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162, P. bilaiae NRRL 50169, . bilaiae NRRL 50776. /'.
  • bilaiae NRRL 50777 . bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P. bilaiae NRRL 50785, P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1.
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.015) ipconazole, (1.016) ipfentrifluconazole, (1.017) mefentrifluconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (2.004) carboxin, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.015) isopyrazam, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (5.013) mancozeb, (5.0
  • Bacterial agents (non-/L) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium -derived, selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22348, P. bilaiae NRRL 50162, P. /v/ ⁇ 7 NRRL 50169. P.
  • bacterium or bacterium -derived selected from Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851, P. bilaiae ATCC 22
  • Isotianil of formula (I) can be combined with at least one compound selected from the group consisting of (1.002) difenoconazole, (1.024) prothioconazole, (1.027) tebuconazole, (2.008) fluopyram, (2.010) fluxapyroxad, (2.014) isoflucypram, (2.016) penflufen, (2.017) penthiopyrad, (2.018) pydiflumetofen, (2.021) sedaxane, (3.012) florylpicoxamid, (3.014) fluoxastrobin, (3.025) trifloxystrobin, (4.004) fluopicolide, (4.007) pencycuron, (5.020) thiram, (10.001) fluoxapiprolin, (10.002) natamycin, (10.003) oxathiapiprolin, (12.003) metalaxyl, (12.004) metalaxyl-M (mefe
  • Isotianil and further active ingredients can be present in a broad range of effective weight ratio for example from 1000: 1 to 1: 10000, more preferably from 1000: 1 to 1: 1000, more preferably from 100: 1 to 1: 100, such as from 50: 1 to 1:50, from 1:20 to 20: 1 or from 10: 1 to 1: 10.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more active ingredients selected from insecticides, acaricides and nematicides.
  • Insecticides as well as the term “insecticidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of insects. As used herein, the term “insects” comprises all organisms in the class “Insecta”. “Nematicide” and “nematicidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit the growth rate of nematodes. In general, the term “nematode” comprises eggs, larvae, juvenile and mature forms of said organism.
  • Acaricide and “acaricidal” refers to the ability of a substance to increase mortality or inhibit growth rate of ectoparasites belonging to the class Arachnida, sub-class Acari.
  • insecticides examples include insecticides, acaricides and nematicides, respectively, which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably carbamates selected from alanycarb, aldicarb, bendiocarb, benfuracarb, butocarboxim, butoxycarboxim, carbaryl, carbofuran, carbosulfan, ethiofencarb, fenobucarb, formetanate, furathiocarb, isoprocarb, methiocarb, methomyl, metolcarb, oxamyl, pirimicarb, propoxur, thiodicarb, thiofanox, triazamate, trimethacarb, XMC and xylylcarb, or organophosphates selected from acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-ethyl, azinphos-methyl, cadusafos, chlorethoxyfos, chlorfenvinphos, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos-methyl, cous
  • GABA-gated chloride channel blockers preferably cyclodiene-organochlorines selected from chlordane and endosulfan, or phenylpyrazoles (fiproles) selected from ethiprole and fipronil.
  • Juvenile hormone mimics preferably juvenile hormone analogues selected from hydroprene, kinoprene and methoprene, or fenoxycarb or pyriproxyfen.
  • Miscellaneous non-specific (multi-site) inhibitors preferably alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and other alkyl halides, or chloropicrine or sulphuryl fluoride or borax or tartar emetic or methyl isocyanate generators selected from diazomet and metam.
  • Chordotonal organ TRPV channel modulators preferably pyridine azomethanes selected from pymetrozine and pyrifluquinazone, or pyropenes selected from afidopyropen.
  • Microbial disruptors of the insect gut membranes selected from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies israelensis, Bacillus sphaericus, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies aizawai, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kurstaki, Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies tenehrionis, and B. t. plant proteins selected from CrylAb, CrylAc, CrylFa, Cry 1A. 105, Cry2Ab, Vip3A, mCry3A, Cry3Ab, Cry3Bb and Cry34Abl/35Abl.
  • Inhibitors of mitochondrial ATP synthase preferably ATP disruptors selected from diafenthiuron, or organotin compounds selected from azocyclotin, cyhexatin and fenbutatin oxide, or propargite or tetradifon.
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor channel blockers selected from bensultap, cartap hydrochloride, thiocylam and thiosultap-sodium.
  • Inhibitors of chitin biosynthesis type 1 selected from buprofezin.
  • Moulting disruptor in particular for Diptera, i.e. dipterans selected from cyromazine.
  • Ecdysone receptor agonists preferably diacylhydrazines selected from chromafenozide, halofenozide, methoxyfenozide and tebufenozide.
  • Octopamine receptor agonists selected from amitraz.
  • Mitochondrial complex III electron transport inhibitors selected from hydramethylnone, acequinocyl, fluacrypyrim and bifenazate.
  • Mitochondrial complex I electron transport inhibitors preferably METI acaricides and insecticides selected from fenazaquin, fenpyroximate, pyrimidifen, pyridaben, tebufenpyrad and tolfenpyrad, or rotenone (Derris).
  • Voltage -dependent sodium channel blockers preferably oxadiazines selected from indoxacarb, or semicarbazones selected from metaflumizone.
  • Inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirodiclofen, spiromesifen, spiropidion and spirotetramat.
  • Mitochondrial complex IV electron transport inhibitors preferably phosphides selected from aluminium phosphide, calcium phosphide, phosphine and zinc phosphide, or cyanides selected from calcium cyanide, potassium cyanide and sodium cyanide.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors preferably 6eto-ketonitrile derivatives selected from cyenopyrafen and cyflumetofen, or carboxanilides selected from pyflubumide.
  • Ryanodine receptor modulators preferably diamides selected from chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole, flubendiamide and tetraniliprole.
  • GABA-gated chlorid channel allosteric modulators preferably meta-diamides selected from broflanilide, or isoxazoles selected from fluxametamide.
  • Baculoviruses preferably Granuloviruses (GVs) selected from Cydia pomonella GV and Thaumatotibia leucotreta (GV), or Nucleopolyhedroviruses (NPVs) selected from Anticarsia gemmatalis MNPV, Flucypyriprole and Helicoverpci armigera NPV.
  • GVs Granuloviruses
  • NPVs Nucleopolyhedroviruses
  • Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor allosteric modulators selected from GS-omega/kappa HXTX-Hvla peptide.
  • Benzoximate Benzpyrimoxan, Bromopropylate, Chinomethionat, Chloroprallethrin, Cryolite, Cyclobutrifluram, Cycloxaprid, Cyetpyrafen, Cyhalodiamide, Cyproflanilide (CAS 2375110-88-4), Dicloromezotiaz, Dicofol, Dimpropyridaz, epsilon-Metofluthrin, epsilon-Momfluthrin, Flometoquin, Fluazaindolizine, Flucypyriprole (CAS 1771741-86-6), Fluensulfone, Flufenerim, Flufenoxystrobin, Flufiprole, Fluhexafon, Fluopyram, Flupyrimin, Fluralaner, Fufenozide, Flupentiofenox, Guadipyr, Heptafluthrin, Imidaclothiz, Iprod
  • nematicides which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors preferably (N-1A) carbamates selected from aldicarb, benfuracarb, carbofuran, carbosulfan and thiodicarb, or (N-1B) organophosphates selected from cadusafos, ethoprofos, fenamiphos, fosthiazate, imicyafos, phorate and terbufos.
  • Glutamate-gated chloride channel (GluCl) allosteric modulators preferably avermectins selected from abamectin and emamectin benzoate.
  • Mitochondrial complex II electron transport inhibitors especially inhibitors of succinatecoenzyme Q reductase, preferably pyridinylmethyl-benzamides selected from fluopyram.
  • Lipid synthesis/growth regulation modulators especially inhibitors of acetyl CoA carboxylase, preferably tetronic and tetramic acid derivatives selected from spirotetramat.
  • Group N-UN Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action with various chemistries, selected from fluensulfone, fluazaindolizine, furfural, iprodione and tioxazafen.
  • Group N-UNX Compounds of unknown or uncertain mode of action: Presumed multi-site inhibitors, preferably volatile sulphur generators selected from carbon disulphide and dimethyl disulphide (DMDS), or carbon disulphide liberators selected from sodium tetrathiocarbonate, or alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane), or halogenated hydrocarbons selected from 1,2- dibromo-3 -chloropropane (DBCP) and 1,3-dichloropropene, or chloropicrin, or methyl isothiocyanate generators selected from allyl isothiocyanate, diazomet, metam potassium and metam sodium.
  • DMDS carbon disulphide and dimethyl disulphide
  • iodomethane alkyl halides selected from methyl bromide and methyl iodide (iodomethane)
  • halogenated hydrocarbons selected from 1,2- dibromo-3 -
  • Bacterial agents (non-/h) of unknown or uncertain mode of action, preferably bacterium or bacterium-derived, selected from Burkholderia spp., e.g. rinojensis A396, Bacillus spp., e.g. firmus, licheniformis, amyloliquefaciens or subtilis, Pasteuria spp., e.g. penetrans or nishizawae, Pseudomonas spp., e.g. chlororaphis or fluorescens, and Streptomyces spp., e.g.
  • ⁇ ilcicinus Purpureocillium lilacinum
  • carneus or fumosoroseus Pochonia spp., e.g. chlamydosporici
  • Trichoderma spp. e.g. harzianum
  • virens atroviride or viride.
  • 1-(2-carboxyethyl)-4-(pyridazin-3-yl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyrimidin-2-yl)-l-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), 4-(pyridazin-3-yl)-l-(2-sulfoethyl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), l-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyridazin-l-ium salt (with anions such as chloride, acetate or trifluoroacetate), l-(2-Carboxyethyl)-4-(l,3-thiazol-2-yl)pyrida
  • plant growth regulators which could be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are:
  • Abscisic acid and related analogues [e.g. (2Z,4E)-5-[6-Ethynyl-l-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-4-oxocyclohex-
  • COs sometimes referred to as N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues but have side chain decorations that make them different from chitin molecules [(CsHnNOsjn, CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(CsHnNO ⁇ n, CAS No.
  • chitinous compounds chlormequat chloride, cloprop, cyclanilide, 3 -(Cycloprop- l-enyl)propionic acid, l-[2-(4-cyano-3,5-dicyclopropylphenyl)acet- amido] cyclohexanecarboxy lie acid, l-[2-(4-cyano-3-cyclopropylphenyl)acetamido]cyclohexane- carboxylic acid, daminozide, dazomet, dazomet-sodium, n-decanol, dikegulac, dikegulac-sodium, endothal, endothal-dipotassium, -disodium, and mono(N,N-dimethylalkylammonium), ethephon, flumetralin, flurenol, flurenol-butyl, flurenol-methyl, flurprimidol, forch
  • LCO lipo- chitooligosaccharides
  • Nod symbiotic nodulation
  • Myc factors consist of an oligosaccharide backbone of P-l,4-linked JV-acetyl-D-glucosamine (“GlcNAc”) residues with an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end.
  • LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chain and in the substitutions of reducing and non-reducing sugar residues), linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, maleic hydrazide, mepiquat chloride, mepiquat pentaborate, 1 -methylcyclopropene, 3 -methylcyclopropene, 1 -ethylcyclopropene, 1- n-propylcyclopropene, 1 -cyclopropenylmethanol, methoxyvinylglycin (MVG), 3’-methyl abscisic acid, 1 -(4-methylphenyl)-N-(2-oxo- 1 -propyl- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolin-6-yl)methanesulfonamide and related substituted tetrahydro
  • Sl a Compounds ofthe dichlorophenylpyrazoline -3 -carboxylic acid type (Sl a ), preferably compounds such as l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylic acid, ethyl 1- (2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(ethoxycarbonyl)-5-methyl-2-pyrazoline-3-carboxylate (S 1-1) ("mefenpyr- diethyl”), and related compounds as described in WO-A-91/07874;
  • S l b Derivatives of dichlorophenylpyrazolecarboxylic acid (S l b ), preferably compounds such as ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (Sl-2), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5- isopropylpyrazole-3-carboxylate (S 1-3), ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(l,l-dimethylethyl)pyrazole-3- carboxylate (S 1-4) and related compounds as described in EP-A-333131 131 and EP-A-269806;
  • Sl d Compounds of the triazolecarboxylic acid type (Sl d ), preferably compounds such as fenchlorazole (ethyl ester), i.e. ethyl l-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-trichloromethyl-lH-l,2,4-triazole-3- carboxylate (S 1-7), and related compounds, as described in EP-A-174562 and EP-A-346620;
  • 2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylic acid type (S 1 e ), preferably compounds such as ethyl 5-(2,4-dichlorobenzyl)- 2 -isoxazoline-3 -carboxylate (Sl-8) or ethyl 5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (Sl-9) and related compounds as described in WO-A-91/08202, or 5, 5 -diphenyl -2 -isoxazolinecarboxylic acid (Sl-10) or ethyl 5, 5 -diphenyl-2-isoxazoline-3 -carboxylate (Sl-11) ("isoxadifen-ethyl") or n-propyl 5,5-diphenyl-2- isoxazoline-3-carboxylate (Sl-12) or ethyl 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-5-phenyl-2-isoxazoline-3-carboxylate
  • S2 a Compounds of the 8-quinolinoxyacetic acid type (S2 a ), preferably 1-methylhexyl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)acetate ("cloquintocet-mexyl") (S2-1), 1,3-dimethylbut-l-yl (5-chloro-8- quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-2), 4-allyloxybutyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-3), l-allyloxyprop-2-yl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-4), ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-5), methyl 5-chloro-8- quinolinoxyacetate (S2-6), allyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-7), 2-(2-propylideneiminoxy)-l- ethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)acetate (S2-8),
  • S2 b Compounds of the (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonic acid type (S2 b ), preferably compounds such as diethyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, diallyl (5-chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate, methyl ethyl (5- chloro-8-quinolinoxy)malonate and related compounds, as described in EP-A-0 582 198.
  • S3 Active compounds of the dichloroacetamide type (S3), which are frequently used as pre- emergence safeners (soil-acting safeners), for example
  • R-29148 (3-dichloroacetyl-2,2,5-trimethyl-l,3-oxazolidine) from Stauffer (S3-2),
  • PPG-1292 N-allyl-N-[(l,3-dioxolan-2-yl)methyl]dichloroacetamide
  • AD-67 or "MON 4660” (3 -dichloroacetyl- l-oxa-3 -azaspiro [4.5] decane) from Nitrokemia or Monsanto (S3-7),
  • TI-35 (1-dichloroacetylazepane) from TRI-Chemical RT (S3-8), "Diclonon” (Dicyclonon) or "BAS145138” or “LAB145138” (S3-9)
  • S4 C Compounds from the class of the benzoylsulfamoylphenylureas as described in EP-A-365484, for example l-[4-(N-2-methoxybenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl]-3-methylurea, 1 -[4-(N-2 -methoxybenzoyl - sulfamoyl)phenyl] -3 ,3 -dimethylurea and 1 - [4-(N-4,5 -dimethylbenzoylsulfamoyl)phenyl] -3 -methylurea; S4 d ) Compounds of the N-phenylsulfonylterephthalamide type and salts thereof, which are known, for example, from CN 101838227.
  • Active compounds from the class of the hydroxyaromatics and the aromatic-aliphatic carboxylic acid derivatives (S5) for example ethyl 3,4,5-triacetoxybenzoate, 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 3, 5 -dihydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxysalicylic acid, 4-fluorosalicyclic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4-dichlorocinnamic acid, as described in WO-A-2004/084631, WO-A -2005/015994, WO-A- 2005/016001.
  • Active compounds from the class of the l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-ones for example 1- methyl-3 -(2 -thienyl)- l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, l-methyl-3 -(2 -thienyl)- l,2-dihydroquinoxaline-2- thione, l-(2-aminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one hydrochloride, l-(2- methylsulfonylaminoethyl)-3-(2-thienyl)-l,2-dihydroquinoxalin-2-one, as described in WO-A- 2005/112630.
  • active compounds from the class of the 3 -(5 -tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2 -quinolones (S9), for example l,2-dihydro-4-hydroxy-l-ethyl-3-(5-tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2-quinolone (CAS Reg. No. 219479-18-2), 1,2- dihydro-4-hydroxy- l-methyl-3 -(5 -tetrazolylcarbonyl)-2 -quinolone (CAS Reg. No. 95855-00-8), as described in WO-A- 199/000020;
  • N-acylsulfonamides as described in WO-A-2007/023719 and WO-A-2007/023764.
  • oxabetrinil ((Z)-l,3-dioxolan-2-ylmethoxyimino(phenyl)acetonitrile) (SI 1-1), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against metolachlor damage,
  • S12 active compounds from the class of the isothiochromanones (S12), for example methyl [(3-oxo- lH-2-benzothiopyran-4(3H)-ylidene)methoxy]acetate (CAS Reg. No. 205121-04-6) (S 12-1) and related compounds from WO-A-1998/13361.
  • naphthalic anhydride (1,8 -naphthalenedicarboxylic anhydride) (S13-1), which is known as a seeddressing safener for com against thiocarbamate herbicide damage,
  • flurazole (benzyl 2-chloro-4-trifluoromethyl-l, 3 -thiazole-5 -carboxylate) (S13-3), which is known as a seed-dressing safener for millet/sorghum against alachlor and metolachlor damage,
  • MG 191 (CAS Reg. No. 96420-72-3) (2 -dichloromethyl -2 -methyl- 1,3 -dioxolane) (S13-5) from Nitrokemia, which is known as a safener for com,
  • active compounds which, in addition to herbicidal action against weeds, also have safener action on crop plants such as rice, for example
  • nitrification inhibitors wich can be mixed with the compound and the composition of the invention are selected from the group consisting of 2-(3,4-dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)succinic acid, 2-(4,5- dimethyl-lH-pyrazol-l-yl)succinic acid, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium glycolate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium citrate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium lactate, 3,4-dimethyl pyrazolium mandelate, 1,2,4-triazole, 4-Chloro-3- methylpyrazole, N-((3(5)-methyl-lH-pyrazole-l-yl)methyl)acetamide, N-((3(5)-methyl-l H-pyrazole-1- yl)methyl)formamide, N-((3(5),4-dimethylpyrazole-l-yl)methyl)formamide, N-((4-chloro-3(5)-methyl-methyl-
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more agriculturally beneficial agents.
  • agriculturally beneficial agents include biostimulants, plant growth regulators, plant signal molecules, growth enhancers, microbial stimulating molecules, biomolecules, soil amendments, nutrients, plant nutrient enhancers, etc., such as lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCO), chitooligosaccharides (CO), chitinous compounds, flavonoids, jasmonic acid or derivatives thereof (e.g., jasmonates), cytokinins, auxins, gibberellins, absiscic acid, ethylene, brassinosteroids, salicylates, macro- and micro-nutrients, linoleic acid or derivatives thereof, linolenic acid or derivatives thereof, karrikins, and beneficial microorganisms (e.g., Rhizobium spp., Bradyrhizobium spp., Sinorhizobium spp., Azorhizobium spp., Glomus spp., Gigaspora
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more biostimulants.
  • Biostimulants may enhance metabolic or physiological processes such as respiration, photosynthesis, nucleic acid uptake, ion uptake, nutrient delivery, or a combination thereof.
  • biostimulants may include seaweed extracts (e.g., ascophyllum nodosum; BAYFOL AN ALGAE, Aglukon gmbH, Germany), bacterial extracts (e.g., extracts of one or more diazotrophs, phosphate-solubilizing microorgafjaponisms and/or biopesticides), fungal extracts, humic acids (e.g., potassium humate), fulvic acids, myo-inositol, and/or glycine, protein hydrolysates and amino-acids both from animal BAYFOLAN AMBITION & BAYFOLAN cobre, SICIT, Italy) and plant origin, inorganic compounds (e.g silica) and any combinations thereof.
  • seaweed extracts e.g., ascophyllum nodosum; BAYFOL AN ALGAE, Aglukon gmbH, Germany
  • bacterial extracts e.g., extracts of one or more diazo
  • japonicum NRRL B-50589 also deposited as NRRL B-59568
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50590 also deposited as NRRL B-59569
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50591 also deposited as NRRL B-59570
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50592 also deposited as NRRL B-59571
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50593 also deposited as NRRL B-59572
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50594 also deposited as NRRL B-50493
  • B. japonicum NRRL B-50608 also deposited as NRRL B-50608, B. japonicum NRRL B-50609, B.
  • japonicum NRRL B-50610 B. japonicum NRRL B-50611, B. japonicum NRRL B-50612, B. japonicum NRRL B- 50726, B. japonicum NRRL B-50727, B. japonicum NRRL B-50728, B. japonicum NRRL B-50729, B. japonicum NRRL B-50730, B. japonicum SEMIA 566, B. japonicum SEMIA 5079, B. japonicum SEMIA 5080, B. japonicum USDA 6, B. japonicum USDA 110, B. japonicum USDA 122, B. japonicum USDA 123, B. japonicum USDA 127, B.
  • japonicum USDA 129 and/ or B. japonicum USDA 532C one or more Rhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising R. leguminosarum SO12A-2), one or more Sinorhizobium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising .S', fredii CCBAU 114 and/or .S', fredii USDA 205), one or more Penicillium extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising P. bilaiae ATCC 18309, P. bilaiae ATCC 20851,/’. bilaiae ATCC 22348. /’.
  • Rhizobium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising R. leguminosarum SO12A-2
  • Sinorhizobium extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising .S', fredii CCBAU 114 and/or .S
  • bilaiae NRRL 50162 /’. bilaiae NRRL 50169,/’. bilaiae NRRL 50776, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50777, P. bilaiae NRRL 50778, P. bilaiae NRRL 50779, P. bilaiae NRRL 50780, P. bilaiae NRRL 50781, P. bilaiae NRRL 50782, P. bilaiae NRRL 50783, P. bilaiae NRRL 50784, P.
  • bilaiae NRRL 50785 P. bilaiae NRRL 50786, P. bilaiae NRRL 50787, P. bilaiae NRRL 50788, P. bilaiae RS7B-SD1, P. brevicompactum AgRF18, P. canescens ATCC 10419, P. expansum ATCC 24692, P. expansum YT02, P.fellatanum ATCC 48694, P. gaestrivorus NRRL 50170, P. glabrum DAOM 239074, P. glabrum CBS 229.28, P. janthinellum ATCC 10455, P.
  • Pseudomonas extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising P.
  • acaricidal, insecticidal and/or nematicidal extracts e.g., an extract of media comprising Bacillus firmus 1-1582, Bacillus mycoides AQ726, NRRL B-21664; Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74040, Beauveria bassiana ATCC-74250, Burkholderia sp. A396 sp. nov.
  • rinojensis NRRL B-50319, Chromobacterium subtsugae NRRL B-30655, Chromobacterium vaccinii NRRL B-50880, Flavobacterium H492, NRRL B-50584, Metarhizium anisopliae F52 (also known as Metarhizium anisopliae strain 52, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 7, Metarhizium anisopliae strain 43 and Metarhizium anisopliae BIO- 1020, TAE-001; deposited as DSM 3884, DSM 3885, ATCC 90448, SD 170 and ARSEF 7711) and/or Paecilomyces fumosoroseus FE991), and/or one or more fungicidal extracts (e.g., an extract of media comprising Ampelomyces quisqualis AQ 10® (Intrachem Bio GmbH & Co.
  • fungicidal extracts e.g., an extract of
  • catenulata also referred to as Gliocladium catenulatum J1446 (PRESTOP®, Verdera, Finland), Coniothyrium minitans CONTANS® (Prophyta, Germany), Cryphonectria parasitica (CNICM, France), Cryptococcus albidus YIELD PLUS® (Anchor Bio-Technologies, South Africa), Fusarium oxysporum BIOFOX® (from S.I.A.P.A., Italy) and FUSACLEAN® (Natural Plant Protection, France), Metschnikowia fructicola SHEMER® (Agrogreen, Israel), Microdochium dimerum ANTIBOT® (Agrauxine, France), Muscodor albus NRRL 30547, Muscodor roseus NRRL 30548, Phlebiopsis gigantea ROTSOP® (Verdera, Finland), Pseudozyma flocculosa SPORODEX® (Plant Products Co.
  • Trichoderma viride TV 1 Agribiotec srl, Italy
  • Trichoderma viride ICC080 Trichoderma viride ICC080
  • Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 BOTRY-ZEN®, Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ
  • Isotianil of formula (I) or a composition of the invention may be combined with at least one further compound selected from the group consisting of Bacillus suhtilis AQ713 (NRRL B-21661), Bacillus suhtilis AQ743 (NRRL B-21665), Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FZB24, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens NRRL B-50349, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens TJ1000 (also known as 1BE, isolate ATCC BAA-390), (C1.01) Bacillus pumilus, in particular strain QST2808 (having Accession No. NRRL No.
  • Bacillus suhtilis in particular strain QST713/AQ713 (having NRRL Accession No. B-21661 and described in U.S. Patent No. 6,060,051; available as SERENADE® OPTI or SERENADE® ASO from Bayer CropScience LP, US); (C1.03) Bacillus suhtilis, in particular strain AQ30002 (having Accession Nos. NRRL B-50421 and described in U.S. Patent Application No. 13/330,576); (C1.04) Bacillus suhtilis, in particular strain AQ30004 (and NRRL B-50455 and described in U.S. Patent Application No.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more lipo-chitooligosaccharides (LCOs), chitooligosaccharides (COs), and/or chitinous compounds.
  • LCOs sometimes referred to as symbiotic nodulation (Nod) signals (or Nod factors) or as Myc factors, consist of an oligosaccharide backbone of P-l,4-linked '-acctyl-D-glucosam inc (“GlcNAc”) residues with an N-linked fatty acyl chain condensed at the non-reducing end.
  • LCOs differ in the number of GlcNAc residues in the backbone, in the length and degree of saturation of the fatty acyl chain and in the substitutions of reducing and non-reducing sugar residues. See, e.g., Denarie et al., Ann. Rev. Biochem. 65:503 (1996); Diaz et al., Mol. Plant-Microbe Interactions 13:268 (2000); Hungria et al., Soil Biol. Biochem. 29:819 (1997); Hamel et al. , Planta 232:787 (2010); and Prome et al., Pure & Appl. Chem. 70(l):55 (1998).
  • LCOs may be included or utilized in various forms of purity and can be used alone or in the form of a culture of LCO-producing bacteria or fungi.
  • OPTIMIZE® commercially available from Bayer Company
  • Methods to provide substantially pure LCOs include removing the microbial cells from a mixture of LCOs and the microbe, or continuing to isolate and purify the LCO molecules through LCO solvent phase separation followed by HPLC chromatography as described, for example, in U.S. Patent No. 5,549,718. Purification can be enhanced by repeated HPLC and the purified LCO molecules can be freeze-dried for long-term storage.
  • COs differ from LCOs in that they lack the pendant fatty acid chain that is characteristic of LCOs.
  • COs sometimes referred to as N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, are also composed of GlcNAc residues but have side chain decorations that make them different from chitin molecules [(CSHBNOS) ⁇ CAS No. 1398-61-4] and chitosan molecules [(CsHnNO ⁇ n, CAS No. 9012-76-4], See, e.g., D’Haeze et al., Glycobiol.
  • COs may be obtained from any suitable source.
  • the CO may be derived from an LCO.
  • the composition according to the invention comprise one or more COs derived from an LCO obtained (i.e., isolated and/or purified) from a strain of Azorhizobium, Bradyrhizobium (e.g., B. japonicum), Mesorhizobium, Rhizobium (e.g., R.
  • the CO may be synthetic. Methods for the preparation of recombinant COs are known in the art. See, e.g., Cottaz et al., Meth. Eng. 7(4) :311 (2005); Samain et al., Carbohydrate Res. 302:35 (1997.); and Samain et al., J. Biotechnol. 72:33 (1999), the contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable chitinous compounds, such as, for example, chitin, chitosan, and isomers, salts and solvates thereof.
  • Chitins and chitosans which are major components of the cell walls of fungi and the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans, are composed of GlcNAc residues. Chitins and chitosans may be obtained commercially or prepared from insects, crustacean shells, or fungal cell walls. Methods for the preparation of chitin and chitosan are known in the art. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Nos.
  • Flavonoid compounds are commercially available. Flavonoid compounds may be isolated from plants or seeds, e.g., as described in U.S. Patents 5,702,752; 5,990,291; and 6,146,668. Flavonoid compounds may also be produced by genetically engineered organisms, such as yeast. See, e.g., Ralston et al., Plant Physiol. 137: 1375 (2005).
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more flavanones, such as one or more of butin, eriodictyol, hesperetin, hesperidin, homoeriodictyol, isosakuranetin, naringenin, naringin, pinocembrin, poncirin, sakuranetin, sakuranin, and/or sterubin, one or more flavanonols, such as dihydrokaempferol and/or taxifolin, one or more flavans, such as one or more flavan-3-ols (e.g., catechin (C), catechin 3-gallate (Cg), epicatechins (EC), epigallocatechin (EGC) epicatechin 3-gallate (ECg), epigallcatechin 3-gallate (EGCg), epiafzelechin, fisetinidol, gallocatechin (GC), gallcatechin 3-gallate
  • Flavonoids and their derivatives may be included in the present composition in any suitable form, including, but not limited to, polymorphic and crystalline forms. Flavonoids may be included in the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s) or concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of a flavonoid(s) may be an amount effective to impart a benefit to a plant, which may be indirectly through activity on soil microorganisms or other means, such as to enhance plant nutrition and/or yield. According to some embodiments, a flavonoid amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the nutrition or yield of the plant without the beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as LCO, CO, and/or one or more pesticides.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable nonflavonoid nod-gene inducer(s), including, but not limited to, jasmonic acid ([lR-[la,2P(Z)]]-3-oxo-2- (pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid; JA), linoleic acid ((Z,Z)-9,12-Octadecadienoic acid) and/or linolenic acid ((Z,Z,Z)-9, 12, 15 -octadecatrienoic acid), and analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates thereof.
  • suitable nonflavonoid nod-gene inducer(s) including, but not limited to, jasmonic acid ([lR-[la,2P(Z)]]-3-oxo-2- (pentenyl)cyclopentaneacetic acid; JA), linoleic acid (
  • Jasmonic acid and its methyl ester, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), collectively known as jasmonates, are octadecanoid-based compounds that occur naturally in some plants (e.g., wheat), fungi (e.g., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Gibbrella fujikuroi), yeast (e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and bacteria (e.g., Escherichia coli). Linoleic acid and linolenic acid may be produced in the course of the biosynthesis of jasmonic acid.
  • fungi e.g., Botryodiplodia theobromae, Gibbrella fujikuroi
  • yeast e.g., Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • bacteria e.g., Escherichia coli.
  • Jasmonates, linoleic acid and linolenic acid (and their derivatives) are reported to be inducers of nod gene expression or LCO production by rhizobacteria. See, e.g., Mabood et al., PLANT PHYSIOL. BIOCHEM. 44(11): 759 (2006); Mabood et al., AGR. J. 98(2):289 (2006); Mabood et al., FIELD CROPS RES.95(2-3):412 (2006); and Mabood & Smith, Linoleic and linolenic acid induce the expression of nod genes in Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 3, PLANT BIOL. (2001).
  • Representative amides are compounds in which the carboxyl group of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid has been replaced with a —COR group, where R is an NR 2 R 3 group, in which R 2 and R 3 are each independently: a hydrogen; an alkyl group, such as a Ci-Cs unbranched or branched alkyl group, e.g., a methyl, ethyl or propyl group; an alkenyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkenyl group; an alkynyl group, such as a C2-C8 unbranched or branched alkynyl group; an aryl group having, for example, 6 to 10 carbon atoms; or a heteroaryl group having, for example, 4 to 9 carbon atoms, wherein the heteroatoms in the heteroaryl group can be, for example, N, O, P, or S.
  • R is an NR 2 R
  • the bases that may be used as reagents to prepare metabolically acceptable base salts of these compounds include those derived from cations such as alkali metal cations (e.g., potassium and sodium) and alkaline earth metal cations (e.g., calcium and magnesium). These salts may be readily prepared by mixing a solution of linoleic acid, linolenic acid, or jasmonic acid with a solution of the base. The salts may be precipitated from solution and collected by filtration, or may be recovered by other means such as by evaporation of the solvent.
  • alkali metal cations e.g., potassium and sodium
  • alkaline earth metal cations e.g., calcium and magnesium
  • Non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers may be used in combination with the compound and the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of non-flavonoid nod-gene inducers may be an amount effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied.
  • the amount/concentration of non-flavonoid nodgene inducers may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with karrakins, including but not limited to 2H-furo[2,3-c]pyran-2-ones, as well as analogues, derivatives, hydrates, isomers, polymers, salts and solvates thereof.
  • biologically acceptable salts of karrakins include acid addition salts formed with biologically acceptable acids, examples of which include hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulphate or bisulphate, phosphate or hydrogen phosphate, acetate, benzoate, succinate, fumarate, maleate, lactate, citrate, tartrate, gluconate; methanesulphonate, benzenesulphonate and p-toluenesulphonic acid.
  • Additional biologically acceptable metal salts may include alkali metal salts, with bases, examples of which include the sodium and potassium salts.
  • Karrakins may be incorporated into the composition according to the invention in any suitable amount(s) or concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of a karrakin may be an amount or concentration effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied.
  • a karrakin amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
  • anthocyanidins and/or anthoxanthins such as one or more of cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, pelargonidin, peonidin, petunidin, flavones (e.g., apigenin, baicalein, chrysin, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone, diosmin, flavoxate, 6- hydroxyflavone, luteolin, scutellarein, tangeritin and/or wogonin) and/or flavonols (e.g., amurensin, astragalin, azaleatin, azalein, fisetin, furanoflavonols galangin, gossypetin, 3-hydroxyflavone, hyperoside, icariin, isoquercetin, kaempferide, kaempferitrin, kaempferol, isor
  • flavones e.g., apigen
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with gluconolactone and/or an analogue, derivative, hydrate, isomer, polymer, salt and/or solvate thereof.
  • Gluconolactone may be incorporated into the composition according to the inventionin any suitable amount(s)/concentration(s).
  • the amount/concentration of a gluconolactone amount/concentration may be an amount effective to impart or confer a positive trait or benefit to a plant, such as to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant to which the composition is applied.
  • the gluconolactone amount/concentration may not be effective to enhance the growth and/or yield of the plant without beneficial contributions from one or more other ingredients of the composition, such as a LCO, CO and/or one or more pesticides.
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more suitable nutrient(s) and/or fertilizer(s), such as organic acids (e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.), macrominerals (e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, etc.), trace minerals (e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.), vitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bi, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin Bg, vitamin B7, vitamin B x . vitamin B ⁇ >, vitamin B
  • the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with macro- and micronutrients of plants or microbes, including phosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum and/or zinc. According to some embodiments, the compound and the composition of the invention may be combined with one or more beneficial micronutrients.
  • Non-limiting examples of micronutrients for use in compositions described herein may include vitamins, (e.g., vitamin A, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6, vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin B9, vitamin B 12, choline) vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin B complex (i.e., vitamin Bl, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, vitamin B5, vitamin B6,
  • E vitamin K
  • carotenoids a-carotene, P-carotene, cryptoxanthin, lutein, lycopene, zeaxanthin, etc.
  • macrominerals e.g., phosphorous, calcium, magnesium, potassium, sodium, iron, etc.
  • trace minerals e.g., boron, cobalt, chloride, chromium, copper, fluoride, iodine, iron, manganese, molybdenum, selenium, zinc, etc.
  • organic acids e.g., acetic acid, citric acid, lactic acid, malic acid, taurine, etc.
  • combinations thereof BAYFOLAN secure, BAYFOLAN complete, BAYFOLAN energy, BAYFOLAN power, Aglukon GmbH, Germany).
  • compositions may comprise phosphorous, boron, chlorine, copper, iron, manganese, molybdenum, and/or zinc, and combinations thereof.
  • phosphorous may be derived from a rock phosphate source, such as monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate, super phosphate, triple super phosphate, and/or ammonium polyphosphate, an organic phosphorous source, or a phosphorous source capable of solubilization by one or more microorganisms (e.g., Penicillium bilaiae).
  • the term "mixture” means various combinations of at least two of the abovementioned active ingredients which are possible, such as, for example, ready mixes, tank mixes (which is understood as meaning spray slurries prepared from the formulations of the individual active ingredients by combining and diluting prior to the application) or combinations of these (for example, a binary ready mix of two of the abovementioned active ingredients is made into a tank mix by using a formulation of the third individual substance).
  • the individual active ingredients may also be employed sequentially, i.e. one after the other, at a reasonable interval of a few hours or days, in the case of the treatment of seed for example also by applying a plurality of layers which contain different active ingredients.
  • the active ingredients are applied simultaneously to their target, e.g. the combination is a tank mix or a formulation comprising the active ingredients.
  • the compounds according to formula (I) can be employed as such, in the form of their formulations or the use forms prepared therefrom, such as ready-to-use solutions, suspensions, wettable powders, pastes, soluble powders, dusts and granules. They are applied in the customary manner, for example by pouring, spraying, atomizing, scattering, dusting, foaming, painting on and the like. It is furthermore possible to apply the compounds according to formula (I) by the ultra-low-volume method or to inject the active ingredient preparation, or the active ingredient itself, into the soil.
  • the vegetative propagation material of the plants may also be treated.
  • the application rates may be varied within a substantial range, depending on the type of application.
  • the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.1 and 10 OOOg/ha, more preferred between 10 and 1 OOOg/ha.
  • the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.001 and 50g per kilogram of vegetative propagation material, more preferred between 0.01 and 10g per kilogram of vegetative propagation material.
  • the application rates of active ingredient are preferably between 0.1 and 10 OOOg/ha, more preferred between 1 and 5 OOOg/ha.
  • Bacillus subtilis sp. strain QST713 is generally applied at a rate of between 3,00E+05 colony forming units (cfu)/ha and 5,00E+10 cfu/ha when treated in furrow or between 5,00E+08 cfu/ton tubers and l,00E+l l cfu/ton tubers when dipped or sprayed or l,00E+5 - l,00E+8 cfu/ 1000 grams of botanical seeds
  • Application rates per row meter depend on row distance and accordingly the number of rows per hectare as the application rate per hectare remains the same regardless of row distance.
  • application rates also depend on the product comprising Bacillus subtilis QST713.
  • Bacillus subtilis sp. strain QST713 is generally applied at a rate of between 3,00E+09 colony forming units (cfu)/ha and 5,00E+9 cfu/ha when treated as full field application prior to planting.
  • rates for the product Serenade ASO comprising B. subtilis QST713 range between 3,00E+07 cfu/ha and l,00E+10 cfu/ha, preferably between 3,00E+08 cfu/ha and 8,00E+09 cfu/ha, more preferably between 3,00E+09 cfu/ha and 5,00E+09.
  • this most preferred range corresponds to between l,98E+05 and 3,30E+05 cfu/m row, for 75 cm to between 2,25E+05 and 3,75E+05 cfu/m row and for 90 cm to between 2,70E+05 and 4,50E+05 cfu/m row.
  • QST713 HiCFU rates range between l,50E+09 cfu/ha and 3,00E+l l cfu/ha, preferably between l,00E+10 cfu/ha and 5,00E+10 cfu/ha, more preferably between l,50E+10 cfu/ha and 3,00E+10 when treated in furrow.
  • this most preferred range corresponds to between 9,90E+05 and l,98E+06 cfu/m row, for 75 cm to between l,13E+06 and 2,25E+06 cfu/m row and for 90 cm to between l,35E+06 and 2,70E+06 cfu/m row.
  • the Bacillus strain in particular B. subtilis strain QST713 or a mutant thereof, may also be applied to soil and/or plants in plug trays or to seedlings prior to transplanting to a different plant locus.
  • the strain When applied to the soil in contact with the plant roots, to the base of the plant, or to the soil within a specific distance around the base of the plant, including as a soil drench treatment, the strain may be applied as a single application or as multiple applications.
  • the strain may be applied at the rates set forth above for drench treatments or a rate of about 1 x 10 5 to about 1 x 10 8 cfu per gram of soil, 1 x 10 5 to about 1 x 10 7 cfu per gram of soil, 1 x
  • the strain is applied as a single application at a rate of about 7 x 10 5 to about 1 x 10 7 cfu per gram of soil. In another embodiment, the strain is applied as a single application at a rate of about 1 x 10 6 to about 5 x 10 6 cfu per gram of soil. In other embodiments, the strain is applied as multiple applications at a rate of 10 about 1 x 10 5 to about 3 x 10 6 cfu per gram of soil.
  • Fig. 1 shows the resulting infection rate, shoot index and disease index of different drench and seed treatments according to present Example 3 in a comparative way.
  • Fig. 2A shows the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (cf. Table 3) at P. brassicae (P.b.) concentrations of 10 6 spores / mb for “seed treatments” vs. “drench treatments” vs. “infected controls”.
  • Fig. 2B shows the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (cf. Table 3) at P. brassicae (P.b.) concentrations of 10 7 spores / mb for “seed treatments” vs. “drench treatments” vs. “infected controls”.
  • Example 1 in vivo-Test for clubroot disease growth chamber conditions in Canada
  • the test is performed under growth chamber conditions.
  • Hybrid DKTF 96 SC doesn’t carry any clubroot resistance QTL.
  • Hybrid X49732G1 carrying Tosca- originated resistance gene is moderately resistant to pathotypes 3H (Canadian Clubroot Differential, CCD, Strelkov et al. 2018).
  • Canola seeds were treated with Isotianil FS 200 G at three different dose rates (1g ai/dt, 10g ai/dt, 100g ai/dt). The causal agent of clubroot Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotype 3H was used.
  • This pathotype is the predominant pathotype in western Canada since the outbreak of the disease on canola in 2003.
  • Four spore concentrations were used in experiments: 1 x 10 5 spores/mL, 1 x 10 6 spores/mL, 1 x 10 7 spores/mL and 1 x 10 8 spores/mL.
  • untreated control and water-inoculated control were included in the experiment.
  • Completely randomized block design was used in experiments. For each hybrid/treatment combination, there were four replicates. Because small pots were used, four pots were considered as one replicate and each pot comprising 6 plants. Therefore, total number of plants per hybrid/treatment combination was 96 (4 replicate x 4 pots x 6 plants).
  • clubroot galls (stored at -20 °C freezer to room temperature) were soaked in water for 2 h. Galls were grinded into a fine suspension with water using a coffee grinder and the slurry was filtered through 4 layers of cheesecloth. Spore concentrations were counted using a Hemacytometer and diluted to the final concentrations.
  • Canola seedlings were inoculated six days after seeding. The pots were thoroughly watered before inoculating. Seedlings were inoculated by pipetting spore suspension or water into growth mix around the roots (2 mb per plant). After inoculation, the 10” x 20” tray was covered with a humidity dome and pots were incubated at a constant temperature of 21 °C /16°C and a 16 h/8 h day/night shift for 7 days, or until the soil appears to be drying out. After that, plants were watered and fertilized as required.
  • disease incidence Number of susceptible plants/total number of plants assessed.
  • Table 1 Clubroot rating classes for Brassica
  • test is performed under greenhouse conditions. Winter rapeseeds Brassica napus L., treated with water (untreated) or with the active compound Isotianil (c.f. Table 4). Formulated product was seed treated at desired dose rates by adjusting volumes to a total slurry of 2000 ml/dt adding distilled water (aqua dest.).
  • Seeds were sown in 13 x 13 x 13 cm pots (2 seedlings/pot) filled with soil mixture consistent of standard soil type (“Einheits Erde Classic”), which was sieved and mixed with sand (“Sahara Spielsand”) in the ratio soil:sand (4: 1) and hot steamed for 120 min. Pots were adequately watered and put in a tray to ease irrigation and water supply. Plants grew in the green house with a temperature range from (16.4 to 29.7°C) and a relative humidity of 19 to 75%.
  • Rapeseed plants were infected 5 days after drench treatments and 10 days of sowing with 2 ml inoculum pipetted per plant. Plasmodiophora brassicae e 3 single spore isolate at different concentrations were used. In addition, an untreated, non-inoculated control was treated with 2 ml phosphate buffer (50 mmol KH2PO4, pH 5.5).
  • Table 3 Clubroot rating classes for Brassica according to Yoshikawa et al. (1977).
  • DI Disease index
  • DI ((Ini+2n2+3n3+4n4)* 100)/N to tai ni to n4 is the number of plants in the indicated disease class
  • the plant index is the value that shows how much better a plant is doing for shoot fresh weight (infected vs control), here high values (>1) indicate that the upper parts of infected plants perform well, despite infection.
  • Isotianil (alone or in combination with other compounds) is reducing clubroot disease when applied either as seed treatments or as drench treatments.
  • the test is performed under greenhouse conditions.
  • Seeds were sown in 13 x 13 x 13 cm pots (2 seedlings/pot) filled with soil mixture consistent of standard soil type (“Einheits Erde Classic”), which was sieved and mixed with sand (“Sahara Spielsand”) in the ratio soil:sand (4: 1) and hot steamed for 120 min. Pots were adequately watered and put in a tray to ease irrigation and water supply. Plants grew in the green house with a temperature range from (16.4 to 29.7°C) and a relative humidity of 19 to 75%.
  • Rapeseed plants were infected 5 days after drench treatments and 10 days of sowing with 2 ml inoculum pipetted per plant. Plasmodiophora brassicae e 3 single spore isolate at different concentrations were used. In addition, an untreated, non-inoculated control was treated with 2 ml phosphate buffer (50 mmol KH2PO4, pH 5.5).
  • DI Disease index
  • Biomass indicators provide evidence reverses the general status of plants in the treatment, and they are positively related to expected yields and maturity indices.
  • Table 9 Treatment list per study time and experiment.
  • Control no treatments;
  • HiCFU Bacillus amyloliquefaciens QST713-HiCFU. The concentrations and methods for seed coating are given in the methods. Mean values for 3 individual experiments including 20 plants per treatment are shown. The statistically significant differences for p ⁇ 0.5 are indicated by different letters per inoculation density.
  • Figs. 2A and 2B illustrate the mean percentage of plants in the individual disease classes (for the disease classe, cf. Table 3), considering different spore concentrations of P. brassicae (Fig 2A at 10 6 spores / m , Fig. 2B at 10 7 spores / mb) and for the different treatment ways (seed treatment, drench treatment and infected controls).
  • Figs. 1, 2A, and 2B clearly indicate that Isotianil (alone or in combination with QST713) is reducing clubroot disease when applied either as seed treatments or as drench treatments.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'utilisation d'isotianil de formule (I) pour lutter contre Plasmodiophora brassicae provoquant la hernie chez les plantes de la famille Brassica, notamment chez le colza oléagineux, le chou, la moutarde ou le radis.
EP23776995.5A 2022-11-17 2023-09-27 Utilisation d'isotianil pour lutter contre plasmodiophora brassica Pending EP4618745A1 (fr)

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