Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
  • F41A9/01—Feeding of unbelted ammunition
  • F41A9/06—Feeding of unbelted ammunition using cyclically moving conveyors, i.e. conveyors having ammunition pusher or carrier elements which are emptied or disengaged from the ammunition during the return stroke
  • F41A9/09—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines
  • F41A9/10—Movable ammunition carriers or loading trays, e.g. for feeding from magazines pivoting or swinging
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
  • F41A19/57—Firing mechanisms operating with primer cartridge
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A9/00—Feeding or loading of ammunition; Magazines; Guiding means for the extracting of cartridges
  • F41A9/37—Feeding two or more kinds of ammunition to the same gun; Feeding from two sides
  • F41A9/375—Feeding propellant charges and projectiles as separate units
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F41—WEAPONS
  • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
  • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
  • F41A3/02—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis
  • F41A3/10—Block action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being transverse to the barrel axis with sliding breech-block, e.g. vertically

Definitions

• the invention relates to a primer magazine interchangeable assembly with a primer magazine depot in which primer magazines can be accommodated, each containing a plurality of primers, wherein the primer magazines can be inserted into a primer magazine slot of a weapon and wherein a propellant charge located in the weapon barrel of the weapon can be ignited via a primer.
• a primer is usually a small percussion cap that ignites a propellant charge.
• the propellant charge is located in the barrel behind the actual projectile and is usually inserted into the barrel separately from the projectile. If the projectile and propellant charge are properly Arranged in the weapon barrel, the ignition of the propellant charge leads to a buildup of pressure behind the projectile, thus causing it to accelerate suddenly. A new propellant charge and primer are required for each projectile to fire.
• a primer magazine changing assembly of the type mentioned above in that a primer magazine changing device is provided for transferring a primer magazine between the primer magazine depot and the primer magazine insert.
• the primer magazine changing device can be moved back and forth between a first transfer position for transferring a primer magazine between the primer magazine changing device and the primer magazine depot and a second transfer position for transferring the primer magazine between the primer magazine changing device and the primer magazine insert.
• the primer magazine can be transferred either between the primer magazine changing device and the primer magazine insert or between the primer magazine changing device and the primer magazine depot.
• the primer magazine can thus be reliably transferred between the primer magazine depot and the The primer magazine insert can be moved back and forth. Both this movement and the transfer to the primer magazine depot and the primer magazine insert can be performed entirely automatically and require no manual intervention.
• the primer magazine changing device can be pivoted back and forth about a pivot axis between the first transfer position and the second transfer position.
• a pivoting movement can achieve a very precisely defined movement of the primer magazine changing device or the primer magazine.
• a pivoting movement has proven advantageous with regard to the design of the primer magazine changing device, particularly in contrast to a linear or multi-axis movement. This is because the primer magazine changing device can be designed to be comparatively simple for a pivoting movement. It is advantageous if stops are provided to limit the movement of the primer magazine changing device, so that movement beyond the two end positions can be prevented. In one end position, primer magazines can be transferred between the primer magazine changing device and the primer magazine depot, and in the other end position between the primer magazine changing device and the primer magazine insert.
• the device has a holding device in which the primer magazine can be held.
• the holding device can be moved back and forth between a change position and a movement position.
• the primer magazine can be moved via the primer magazine changing device.
• the primer magazine can be The holding device must be secured to ensure reliable movement of the primer magazine.
• the primer magazine In the change position, the primer magazine can be picked up from the holding device or removed from it, for example, to the primer magazine depot or to the primer magazine insert.
• the primer magazine held in the holding device can be moved together with the primer magazine changing device.
• the holding device can be moved back and forth in a linear direction between the change position and the movement position.
• the holding device can thus be moved in a linear direction, particularly with respect to the pivot axis.
• the primer magazine can also be moved in a linear direction. Due to the linear movement, the holding device can be moved either toward or away from the pivot axis.
• the distance of the holding device from the pivot axis is smaller in the movement position than in the change position.
• the holding device can thus be extended from the movement position to the change position in order to change or transfer primer magazines.
• the holding device can be retracted to move the holding device or primer magazines around the pivot axis. Overall, the forces and torques acting on the drives can be kept to a minimum, particularly by retracting the holding device.
• a primer magazine is in the change position between the The primer magazine can be transferred between the holding device and the primer magazine depot and/or between the holding device and the primer magazine slot. In the change position, this ensures reliable transfer of the primer magazines into or out of the holding device.
• the primer magazine changing device can be fixed in a park position using a fixing device.
• the primer magazine changing device By fixing the primer magazine changing device in the park position, it is not necessary to actively hold the primer magazine changing device in this position, for example by re-cycling the pivot drive. Instead, the primer magazine changing device can be passively fixed in the park position when it is not in use.
• the primer magazine changing device can advantageously be lashed in the park position.
• the primer magazine changing device can, for example, be in the park position when there are still sufficient primers in the primer magazine in use and thus shots can still be fired from the weapon before the primer magazine needs to be changed.
• the park position can thus be approached after a successful change process.
• the primer magazine changing device can also be pivoted into the park position from the various transfer positions.
• the holding device In the parked position, the holding device can be fixed or lashed to the roof of the vehicle or turret.
• the primer magazine changing device can thus extend essentially parallel to the roof of the turret, so that the space required by the primer magazine changing device in the parked position is as small as possible.
• the primer magazine depot has several receiving locations for receiving one Primer magazine.
• the primer magazine depot therefore offers the possibility of accommodating multiple primer magazines, regardless of whether they are filled with primers or empty. If a primer magazine is empty, it can be stored in the primer magazine depot and replaced with a full primer magazine taken from the primer magazine. Full primer magazines can, for example, be stored in the primer magazine depot and then exchanged for the current primer magazine when it is empty. In order to fire as many projectiles as possible, the primer magazine depot can be loaded with primer magazines before use.
• each mounting position is assigned a primer magazine holder, which can be used to hold a primer magazine at a particular mounting position.
• the primer magazine holder prevents the primer magazines arranged or stored in the primer magazine depot from accidentally slipping or moving. This could otherwise be a concern, particularly during firing or high-speed terrain travel, as the turret and thus also the primer magazine depot can be exposed to strong vibrations.
• the primer magazines can therefore be arranged at predefined locations within the primer magazine depot.
• each primer magazine holder can have two opposing guide rails, so that the Primer magazines can accordingly also be guided on two sides.
• the guide rails can therefore be designed to project laterally and extend in the direction of the primer magazine.
• the primer magazine can have one, in particular two guide grooves, which can be structurally adapted to the guide rails.
• the guide rails can engage in the associated guide grooves when a primer magazine is inserted or pushed into the primer magazine depot or into a holding device.
• the holder it is also possible for the holder to have guide grooves and the primer magazines to have projecting rails.
• the primer magazine can be pushed into the primer magazine holders in a linear direction like a drawer or a cassette.
• one primer magazine holder is provided for each absorbable primer magazine.
• the primer magazine holder has a guide piece into which a pin, in particular a spring-loaded pin, of the primer magazine can engage.
• a pin in particular a spring-loaded pin
• the primer magazine is pre-fixed in the primer magazine depot or in the corresponding holder.
• the final fixation or locking which then ensures that the primer magazine is secured in the primer magazine depot, is explained in more detail below. Due to the pre-locking characteristic, the connection between the pin and the guide piece can be released again by a pulling force. This means that the primer magazine can be pulled out of the corresponding primer magazine holder in this position by a pulling force that must exceed a certain threshold value, and thus moved against the insertion or insertion direction.
• the primer magazine remains secured in the primer magazine depot or in the primer magazine holder.
• the spring preloading the pin must be compressed.
• the pin is pre-tensioned by the spring transversely to its longitudinal axis, so that the pin must then be moved transversely to be removed from the holder.
• the pin can be movable about a pivot point, so that the spring can pre-tension the pin in one direction about the pivot point.
• the pin can be part of a timing lever. Primers can be removed from the primer magazine via the timing lever.
• the link piece can be designed such that the pin is moved against the force of the spring when a primer magazine is inserted.
• the link piece can have an undercut in which the pin is arranged in the end position, i.e. when the primer magazine is fully inserted or pushed into the holder. In order to move the pin out of the undercut, a certain threshold force must then be applied, as explained above.
• the primer magazine holders can be designed as slots.
• the primer magazines can thus be inserted into these slots for storage in the primer magazine depot and removed from it in the opposite direction.
• the primer magazine holders can thus be designed as insertion slots.
• the primer magazine depot has several, preferably two, depot registers, each having at least one receiving location.
• the receiving locations of a depot register can be arranged one above the other, so that several, in particular two, primer magazines can be arranged one above the other in one depot register.
• the primer magazine depot has several, in particular two, depot registers arranged essentially side by side, each of which can accommodate primer magazines.
• the primary magazines can thus be arranged in a matrix-like manner in the primary magazine depot, which ensures a comparatively high packing density.
• the deposit registers can be designed in a box shape, particularly in the form of a rectangular box. This box-shaped geometry can provide sufficient stability so that the deposit registers can be moved reliably in the manner described in more detail below.
• the primer magazines cannot be fully inserted into the primer magazine depot or the corresponding primer magazine holders, but rather if a portion of the primer magazine protrudes beyond the depot register.
• the depot registers can therefore be shorter than the primer magazines, which has proven advantageous overall with regard to the required installation space. It is advantageous if the primer magazines are inserted into the depot registers by less than 50%, preferably less than 40%, particularly preferably less than 30%, and most particularly preferably less than 20% of their total length. In this respect, the majority of the inserted primer magazines can protrude from the depot registers.
• At least one of the depot registers preferably only one of the depot registers, has a free space, wherein the free space is arranged below a receiving space.
• This configuration allows sufficient space to be available in the lower area of one of the depot registers, which can be used, for example, by a propellant charge applicator, via which a propellant charge can be inserted into the weapon barrel.
• no primer magazine holder is assigned to the free space; rather, the depot register that has the free space can only have one receiving space and thus also only one primary magazine holder.
• the free space can therefore take the place of a receiving space.
• the multiple depot registers can essentially be designed as identical parts.
• the primer magazine depot has space for three primary magazines.
• two full primary magazines can be stored in the primary magazine depot, for example, and a storage location can be provided for an empty primer magazine.
• the vehicle can thus carry a total of three full primer magazines and exchange them automatically.
• the primary magazine holders of a depot register can thus be aligned to a common point or axis. These are advantageously aligned with the pivot axis of the primer magazine holding device.
• This design ensures that the holding device of the primer magazine changing device can be aligned with the primer magazine holders of the primer magazine depot during a pivoting movement. This then allows the primer magazines to be transferred from the holder in a linear direction into the depot register or in the reverse order. It is therefore not necessary to move the holder vertically in a linear direction in order to transfer the primer magazines to the holders of the primer magazine depot or to remove them from the primer magazine depot.
• the depot registers can be moved back and forth between a transfer position and a storage position via a drive.
• the depot registers can be moved, in particular, via a pneumatically controlled drive.
• the depot registers are movable horizontally, in particular from left to right.
• each depot register is assigned its own drive, so that the Deposit registers can be moved independently of each other.
• a primary magazine is positively secured in a depot register in the storage position. Due to the positive locking, it is not possible for the primer magazine to accidentally fall out of the corresponding depot register. Instead, the primary magazine can be secured in its receiving location. In the transfer position, the primer magazine can initially be pre-locked in the manner described above. In the storage position, in which the primer magazines can then remain in the primer magazine depot for an extended period, the primer magazines can then be reliably secured and, thanks to the positive locking, cannot be removed from the primer magazine depot even under the action of great forces.
• the primer magazine depot has a rear guide arranged at a distance from the depot register.
• the primer magazine can rest against the rear guide for securing purposes in the storage position. This means that the primer magazine can then no longer be pulled out of the primer magazine depot or from the corresponding holder. Instead, the primary magazine can be moved behind the rear guide together with the depot register. In the storage position, the primer magazine can thus be arranged between the rear guide and the depot register and can therefore no longer be moved.
• the rear guide can therefore have a distance from the depot register in the storage position that can essentially correspond to the length of a part of a primer magazine protruding from the primer magazine holder.
• each depot register is assigned a back guide.
• Each of the depot registers can therefore be selectively moved into a position in which the primer magazines arranged in the depot register are positively secured in the depot register.
• the depot registers can be moved independently of one another into the storage position, in which the primer magazines inserted into the depot register are then arranged between the respective depot register and the back guide.
• the back guides can be adapted to the storage locations of the depot registers, so that if two storage locations arranged one above the other are provided, the back guide can be designed accordingly longer than if only one storage location and one free location are provided. With one back guide, all primer magazines of a depot register can be positively secured in the depot register.
• the rear guide is designed to be stationary relative to the depot register.
• the depot registers with the primer magazines arranged therein can be moved relative to the rear guides.
• the rear guides can be stationary, for example, connected to the roof of the vehicle.
• a rear guide can be assigned to each storage position.
• a primer magazine can rest against a holding surface at its end in the storage position.
• the respective primer magazines can be arranged between the holding surface and the primer magazine depot.
• the holding surfaces can also be equipped with holding pads, e.g., made of rubber.
• the holding surfaces it has also proven advantageous if they are arranged transversely to the insertion direction of the respective primer magazine holders.
• the insertion direction can be perpendicular to the associated holding surface. Due to the radial arrangement of the holders, the associated rear guides and thus also the holding surfaces can be concavely curved. The holding surfaces can therefore be adapted to the radial arrangement of the primer magazine holders.
• a primer magazine be transferable between a depot register located in the transfer position and the primer magazine changing device.
• a primer magazine located in the depot register can be withdrawn from the corresponding depot register and automatically transferred to the primer magazine changing device.
• the primer magazine can be transferred into the holding device of the primer magazine changing device.
• the holding device can first be moved to the transfer position, in which the holding device is aligned with the primer magazine holder, so that the corresponding primer magazine can be pulled straight out of the holder and transferred to the holding device.
• the primer magazine changing device can be pivoted into various transfer positions. Each receiving location or each primer magazine holder
• Each depot register can be assigned its own transfer position. If the depot register has two brackets arranged one above the other, the primer magazine changing device or the holding device can optionally be moved to two different transfer positions.
• the holding device of the primary magazine changing device is aligned with one of the primary magazine holders of a depot register in the first transfer position and with another primary magazine holder of the same depot register in a third transfer position.
• a primer magazine can be transferred between the holder and the primer magazine insert.
• a vehicle in particular a military land vehicle, is further proposed, comprising a vehicle hull and a turret mounted rotatably relative to the vehicle hull, wherein a primary magazine interchangeable assembly configured as described above is provided in the turret.
• the primer magazine depot is located behind the primer magazine changing device in the direction of travel.
• the primer magazine depot can thus be mounted on a rear wall of the vehicle or the
• the primer magazine depot can be located in the upper area of the turret's rear wall and, for example, can also be attached to the turret's roof.
• the propellant magazine and the projectile magazine can be located on the two side walls of the turret or in the front area of the turret in front of the weapon mount.
• the weapon can be mounted in the turret so that it can pivot in elevation.
• the weapon can be fixed in azimuth relative to the turret, although it can be aimed in azimuth by rotating the turret relative to the vehicle hull.
• the primer magazine changer can be located on the roof of the turret, and the primer magazine depot on the rear wall of the turret. This provides sufficient space in the turret to transfer the weapon into a low-loading position.
• the location on the roof of the turret allows the entire primer magazine changer to be designed very flat and can also be integrated into existing turrets.
• the primer magazine changer can therefore be used as a retrofit solution for existing turrets to expand the functionality of an existing turret.
• the bore axis of the weapon barrel runs in a plane located between two magazine registers in a stocking position. This allows the weapon to recoil during firing and is not at risk of colliding with the primer magazine interchangeable assembly or the primer magazine depot, especially in a depression position or at low elevation angles.
• the representations of the Fig. 1a to 1c show a perspective side view of a military land vehicle 10 with a vehicle hull 11 and a turret 12 arranged to rotate relative to the vehicle hull 11.
• the turret 12 carries a large-caliber weapon 13, and to allow a view into the interior of the turret 12, the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 and the rear wall 12.2 of the turret 12 have been partially removed.
• the weapon 13 is mounted on the turret 12 so that it can be directed in elevation about an elevation axis.
• the turret 12 is mounted on the vehicle hull 11 so that it can be rotated about an azimuth axis, so that the weapon 13 can be directed in azimuth by rotating the turret 12.
• a projectile depot 16 is arranged in the turret 12, which is particularly shown in the illustrations of the Fig. 1a and 1b can be seen.
• projectiles and propellant charges can be alternately loaded and fired fully automatically in the weapon barrel 13.1.
• a rear hatch 12.3 located in the rear wall 12.2 of the turret 12 provides access to the turret 12 from the outside, and the propellant charge depot 15 and projectile depot 16 can be reloaded through this rear hatch 12.3.
• a primer magazine changing assembly consisting of a primer magazine changing device 2 and a primer magazine depot 8, is arranged in the turret 12.
• the primer magazine changing device 2 is suspended in the roof area of the turret 12, so that there is sufficient space below the primer magazine changing device 2 for aiming the weapon 13 over a wide elevation angle range and also sufficient space for the recoil of the weapon 13.
• the primer magazine depot 8 is shown in the illustrations of the Fig. 1a to 1c not explicitly visible, but this is arranged in the direction of travel F behind the primer magazine changing device 2 and is also attached in the roof area.
• Weapon 13 is depicted in the Fig. 1d can be seen in a detailed view.
• the weapon 13 is suspended in elevation in the turret 12 via cylindrical bolts projecting laterally at the rear.
• the propellant charges and projectiles described above are inserted into the weapon barrel 13.1 from the rear.
• the propellant charge can be ignited, accelerating the projectile toward the muzzle of the weapon barrel 13.1.
• primers are used which are arranged in a primer magazine 9.
• the weapon 13 has a primer magazine slot 14.1 in the rear part in the area of the weapon breech 14, which in the illustration of the Fig. 1e can be seen.
• a primer magazine 9 can be inserted from above into this primer magazine slot 14.1.
• a primer magazine 9 can be seen which is fully inserted into the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• a primer magazine 9 A single primer can be used, and because of the multiple primers arranged in the primer magazine 9, the same magazine can be used for a variety of shots. This means that it is not necessary to change the primer magazine 9 after each shot.
• the primer magazine 9 can be removed from the primer magazine slot 14.1 via the primer magazine changing device 2 and replaced with a new primer magazine 9.
• the empty primer magazine 9 is then moved into the primer magazine depot 8 via the primer magazine changing device 2 and stored there.
• a full primer magazine can then be removed from the primer magazine depot 8 and moved to the weapon 13 via the primer magazine changing device 2 and inserted into the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• This changing process can be carried out automatically by the primer magazine changing device 2, and no manual intervention is required. Thus, the entire loading and firing process can be carried out completely automatically and without manual intervention.
• a guide 14.2 is provided, which is shown in the lower illustration of the Fig. 1e can be seen.
• the breech 14 also has a primer magazine lock 14.3, which prevents the primer magazine 9 from accidentally slipping out of the primer magazine slot 14.1, which could happen due to the high vibrations in the turret 12 during firing or during rapid and jerky vehicle movements. Therefore, before each replacement of a primer magazine 9, the primer magazine lock 14.3 must first be loosened or unlocked and then locked again after inserting a new primer magazine 9. This locking and unlocking of the Primer magazine locking 14.3 can be carried out automatically by the primer magazine changing device 2.
• the primer magazine 9 is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 8 shown in a perspective side view.
• the primer magazine 9 is essentially box-shaped and offers sufficient space inside to accommodate a large number of individual primers.
• the primer magazine 9 On the rear side, the primer magazine 9 has a locking groove 9.4 in the upper area, which is particularly visible in the right-hand illustration of the Fig. 8 can be seen.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 can engage in this locking groove 9.4 and thus positively secure the primer magazine 9 in the bolt 14 or in the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• the primer magazine 9 is equipped with guide grooves 9.3 on the side, which are arranged correspondingly to the guide 14.2 or the guides 14.2 of the bolt 14.
• the guides 14.2 and the guide grooves 9.3 thus ensure that the primer magazine 9 can slide straight into the bolt 14 or into the primer magazine holder 14.1 and does not become jammed.
• the primer magazine changing device 2 is shown in a parking position P, in which the pivot arm 3, explained in more detail below, is arranged parallel to the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 and is locked to the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 via a fixing device 7.
• this parking position P there is sufficient space below the primer magazine changing device 2 to align the weapon 13 in elevation so that the weapon 13 can recoil unhindered when a shot is fired.
• the primer magazine changing device 2 is in this parking position P during normal operation of the weapon 13 and is only used when the primer magazine 9 located in the breech 14 of the weapon 13 no longer contains any primers and must be replaced by a filled primer magazine 9.
• the individual components of the primer magazine changing device 2 as well as the primer magazine depot 8 are shown in the exploded view of the Fig. 3
• the primer magazine changing device 2 essentially consists of a pivot arm 3, a holding device 5 arranged on the pivot arm 3, a gripping device 5.1, a closure actuation 6 and a pivot drive 4, via which the pivot arm 3 and all components arranged on the pivot arm 3 can be pivoted back and forth together about the pivot axis A in order to move primer magazines 9 back and forth between the primer magazine depot 8 and the primer magazine insert 14.1.
• the swivel drive 4 initially has an electric motor 4.1, which is connected to the on-board electrical system of the vehicle 10 and which is supplied with electrical energy via this.
• the electric motor 4.1 is coupled to the swivel arm 3 via a gear 4.2, described in more detail below, so that the swivel arm 3 can be swiveled back and forth about the swivel axis A via the electric motor 4.1.
• the electric motor 4.1 and the gear 4.2 are arranged horizontally, so that the entire swivel drive 4 is designed to be as flat as possible and is arranged very close to the roof 12.1 of the tower 12, requiring very little space inside the tower 12.
• the gearbox 4.2 consists of several meshing pinions and gears.
• the electric motor 4.1 initially drives the Drive pinion 4.21, which is shown for example in the illustration of the Fig. 4c can be seen.
• This drive pinion 4.21 meshes with a partial gear 4.22, which only has a center angle of approximately 120 and is therefore only about a third the size of a solid gear.
• This partial gear 4.22 is arranged on a common shaft with gear 4.23, which has a smaller gear ring, so that the partial gear 4.22 and gear 2.23 rotate in the same direction.
• Gear 2.23 meshes with an output pinion 4.24, which is arranged on the output shaft 4.3.
• the swivel arm 3 shown in more detail is arranged in a rotationally fixed manner, so that a rotational movement of the output shaft 4.3 leads to a corresponding swivel movement of the swivel arm 3.
• the swivel axis A of the swivel arm 3 corresponds to the longitudinal or symmetry axis of the output shaft 4.3.
• the various gears and pinions are arranged in a common gear housing 4.4, which essentially consists of two vertically and parallel plates and a cover plate connecting the two plates.
• the individual gears and pinions are each rotatably mounted in the two plates, and the gear housing 4.4, and thus the entire swivel drive 4, is attached to the inside of the roof 12.1 of the tower 12 via the cover plate.
• the swivel arm 3 initially has two parallel, beam-shaped supports 3.4, each of which has a shaft bore 3.6 at its rear end through which the output pinion 4.24 can extend.
• the two supports 3.4 are then attached to the outer sides of the two plates of the gear housing 4.4, so that the Gearbox housing 4.4 extends a bit between the two supports 3.4, as shown in particular in the illustration of the Fig. 2 can be seen.
• each of the two supports 3.4 is provided with a stop 3.5. If an empty primer magazine 9 is to be removed from a primer magazine slot 14.1 or a full primer magazine 9 is to be inserted into the primer magazine slot 14.1 via the primer magazine changing device 2 in the manner described in more detail below, the pivot arm 3 must be moved via the pivot drive 4 into a position in which the two stops 3.5 rest against the weapon 13. This is because only in this fixed transfer position U2 is a transfer of a primer magazine 9 between the primer magazine changing device 2 and the breech 14 or the primer magazine slot 14.1 possible.
• the two supports 3.4 On their upper side, the two supports 3.4 have a slide guide 3.8, which allows a slide 3.3 to move in the linear direction L along the supports.
• the slide 3.3 is supported on the upper side of the supports via the slide guide 3.8.
• the slide 3.3 is plate-shaped and can be moved back and forth in the direction L via a drive 3.1.
• the drive 3.1 is also mounted on one of the supports 3.4 and is therefore moved during a pivoting movement around the pivot axis A.
• the shaft driven by the drive 3.1 extends transversely to the direction L and thus also transversely to the main extension direction of the two supports 3.4.
• a pinion 3.2 is mounted on the shaft in a rotationally fixed manner, which can be rotated back and forth via the drive 3.1.
• the pinion 3.2 meshes with a rack 3.9, which is connected to the carriage 3.3. so that by rotating the pinion 3.2 the carriage 3.3 can be moved back and forth in the direction L.
• the carriage 3.3 slides on the upper side of the two supports 3.4 or on the carriage guide 3.8.
• the top side 3.31 of the slide 3.3 which is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 5a can be seen, is largely flat, so that in the parking position P it is arranged parallel to the roof 12.1 of the turret 12 and the entire pivot arm 3 can be brought as close as possible to the roof 12.1.
• the underside 3.32 of the carriage 3.3 which is located between the two supports 3.4, is designed as a mounting surface 3.7 and on this surface are arranged the holding device 5, the gripping device 5.1 and the locking actuation 6, which are described in more detail below and which can be moved back and forth as a unit in the linear direction L relative to the two supports 3.4 during a linear movement of the carriage 3.3.
• the holding device 5 initially serves to hold the primer magazine 9 so that it can be pivoted together with the pivot arm 3 about the pivot axis A and moved together with the carriage 3.3 in the linear direction L.
• the holding device 5 is arranged in the front area of the underside 3.32 of the carriage 3.3 and protrudes forward relative to the carriage 3.3 so that the holding device 5 can be brought into contact with the primer magazine 9 to be held.
• the structural design of the holding device 5 is shown, for example, in the illustrations of Fig. 6a and 6b
• the representation of the Fig. 6a shows the holding device 5 from below, i.e. from the viewpoint towards the underside 3.32 of the carriage 3.3.
• the holding device 5 has four areas forming a box-shaped receiving area 5.08, namely a lower area 5.01, a parallel upper area 5.04 and two parallel to each other and perpendicular to the other areas 5.01, 5.04 arranged side areas 5.02. These four areas 5.01, 5.02, 5.04 rest circumferentially on the primer magazine 9, so that the latter cannot tilt in the holding device 5.
• the holding device 5 is short compared to the primer magazine 9 and only accommodates the rear part of the primer magazine 9.
• the lower area 5.01 is significantly shorter than the upper area 5.04 to minimize the required installation space, as can be seen from the illustration of the Fig. 6a can be seen.
• the two side areas 5.02 therefore have an L-shaped contour.
• retaining pads 5.06 which prevent direct contact between areas 5.01, 5.02, and 5.04, which could potentially damage the surface of the primer magazine 9.
• the retaining pads 5.06 have bevels 5.07, which allow for centering of the primer magazine 9 to be accommodated. This prevents collisions if the retaining device 5 or the primer magazine 9 are not precisely aligned during insertion.
• the upper area 5.04 has a guide 5.05 designed as an elongated hole, which corresponds to the one shown in the illustration of the Fig. 8 , which can be seen.
• the guide pin 9.1 is inserted into the guide 5.05 and thus ensures reliable relative movement between the holding device 5 and the primer magazine 9.
• the primer magazine 9 is held reliably in the holding device 5 due to its geometric design and it can be Holding device 5 does not tilt, however, the holding device 5 itself cannot prevent an axial movement of the primer magazine 9 into or out of the holding device 5.
• a gripping device 5.1 is provided in order to fix the primer magazine 9 in the holding device 5 so that it does not fall out even during rapid movements of the holding device 5.
• the gripping device 5.1 is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 6a but especially in the presentation of the Fig.
• the two opposing side regions 5.02 of the holding device 5 each have a substantially slot-shaped recess 5.03 through which the hook sections 5.9 of the gripping device 5.1, explained in more detail below, can be pivoted into the receiving region 5.08 of the holding device 5 and thus also into the contour of the primer magazine 9 in order to positively secure the primer magazine 9 in the holding device 5.
• the gripping device 5.1 initially has two gripping arms 5.3 which are pivotally mounted on the holding device 5 around the pivot points 5.4 and which can be moved between a securing position S, which is shown in the right-hand illustration of the Fig. 6c shown, and a release position E, which is shown in the left illustration of the Fig. 6c shown, can be pivoted back and forth.
• the gripping arms 5.3 are each equipped with a hook section 5.9 at their ends, which face each other.
• the two hook sections 5.9 can be pivoted selectively into the receiving area 5.08 to secure the primer magazine 9.
• a drive 5.2 is provided to pivot the hook sections 5.9 or the gripping arms 5.3 around the pivot points 5.4.
• This drive 5.2 is a pneumatic drive that is connected to the pneumatic network of the vehicle 10 and is mounted on the underside of the carriage 3.3, as can be seen from a comparison of the illustrations of the Fig. 6a and 5b
• the drive 5.2 can be used to Move the control rod 5.8 in a linear direction.
• the control rod 5.8 is connected to a link piece 5.6, which has a wider section 5.61 and a narrower section 5.62, as shown in the illustration of the Fig. 6c
• the gripper arms 5.3 are each provided with a roller 5.5 in the rear area, which rolls on the guide piece 5.6. In the illustration of the Fig.
• a spring 5.7 can be seen, which preloads the two gripping arms 5.3 into the release position E and thus compresses the two rear ends of the gripping arms 5.3, which are equipped with rollers 5.5.
• the spring 5.7 presses the two rollers 5.5 against the guide piece 5.6, which leads to a pivoting movement of the gripping arms 5.3 around the respective pivot points 5.4 with a linear movement of the control rod 5.8 or the guide piece 5.6.
• the rollers 5.5 in the narrower section 5.62 rest against the guide piece 5.6.
• the distance between the two rollers 5.5 is therefore comparatively small and the two gripping arms 5.3 are in the release position E, in which the two hook sections 5.9 arranged on the opposite side of the pivot points 5.4 are pivoted out of the receiving area 5.08.
• the guide piece 5.6 is now moved in a linear direction via the control rod 5.8, the two rollers 5.5 roll on the guide piece 5.6 and are pressed apart due to the wider section 5.61.
• the spring 5.7 is thereby tensioned.
• the front sections of the gripping arms 5.3 with the hook sections 5.9 arranged thereon are moved towards each other and thus pivoted into the receiving area 5.08. If a primer magazine 9 is located in the receiving area 5.08 or in the holding device 5, the two hook sections 5.9 can be engage in the lateral guide grooves 9.3 of the primer magazine 9 and thus secure the primer magazine 9 in the holding device 5.
• the guide piece 5.6 must be moved in the opposite direction and thus pulled slightly out of the area between the two gripper arms 5.3.
• the rollers 5.5 roll on the guide piece 5.6 until they reach the narrower section 5.62.
• the two hook sections 5.9 are then pivoted out of the receiving area 5.08 of the holding device 5, and the primer magazine 9 is released.
• the linear movement of the control rod 5.8 allows the pincer-like gripping device 5.1 to be opened and closed selectively and automatically without manual intervention.
• the shutter actuation 6 serves to activate the shutter mechanism shown in the Fig. 1e
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 can be locked or unlocked.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 essentially functions like a cam lock, where a cam can selectively engage behind an element to be secured by turning.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 has an interface for rotation, which includes a comparatively narrow projection in the manner of a spring, as can be seen from the illustration of the Fig. 1e can be seen.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 Before changing a primer magazine 9, the primer magazine lock 14.3 must first be moved from the locked position to the unlocked position. To realize a corresponding rotational movement, the bolt actuation 6 has a rotatable actuating element 6.2.
• This actuating element 6.2 has a slot-shaped Actuation interface 6.3, which is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 6d
• This actuation interface 6.3 is geometrically adapted to the interface of the primer magazine lock 14.3, as the actuation interface 6.3 has a slot-shaped groove into which the protruding spring of the primer magazine lock interface fits.
• the primer magazine lock 14.3 can be locked or unlocked by rotating the actuation element 6.2.
• the locking mechanism 6 initially has a pneumatic drive 6.1, so that locking and unlocking can be carried out automatically and without manual intervention.
• the pneumatic drive 6.1 can be coupled to the pneumatic network of the vehicle 10.
• the drive 6.1 is designed as a linear drive and has a drive rod 6.7 that can be moved back and forth in a linear direction along an actuation axis G, which is particularly evident in the sectional view of the Fig. 6d can be seen.
• the drive rod 6.7 is coupled at the front end to a guide carriage 6.4, so that the carriage can be moved in a linear direction via the drive 6.1.
• the guide carriage 6.4 which is designed as a plate, can be moved back and forth between the holding elements 6.8, which act as stops, whereby the guide carriage 6.4 is arranged in the locking position on one holding element 6.8 and in the unlocking position on the other holding element 6.8. This can also be seen, for example, from the two shown in the illustration of the Fig. 6d shown positions are visible.
• the two holding elements 6.8 are plate-shaped and extend transversely to the direction of movement of the guide carriage 6.4.
• the two holding elements 6.8 are connected via two guide struts 6.5 connected to each other, with the two guide struts 6.5 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis of the actuating element 6.2 and thus also parallel to the direction of movement of the guide carriage 6.4.
• the guide struts 6.5 also perform a guiding function. They extend through the guide carriage 6.4, which is linearly guided on the two guide struts 6.5, similar to a trolley.
• the actual actuating element 6.2 has a helical geometry and comprises a head section 6.21 and a cylinder section 6.22.
• the head section 6.21 comprises the actuating interface 6.3, which is integrally connected to the cylinder section 6.22.
• the cylinder section 6.22 is rotatably mounted in at least the front of the two holding elements 6.8.
• the actuating element 6.2 is immobile in the axial direction with respect to the actuating axis G, i.e., in the longitudinal direction of the actuating element 6.2, and can thus only be rotated about its longitudinal axis.
• the guide carriage 6.4 is coupled to the cylinder section 6.22.
• the cylinder section 6.22 has a spiral-shaped slotted guide 6.6 in which a guide pin 6.9 is arranged, which is coupled in the vertical direction to the guide carriage 6.4.
• the slotted guide 6.6 extends spirally around the actuating axis G.
• the guide pin 6.9 can be moved in a linear direction via the guide carriage 6.4.
• the cylinder section 6.22 and thus the entire actuating element 6.2 is rotated during a linear movement of the guide carriage 6.4.
• the Drive 6.1 automatically locks or unlocks the primer magazine lock 14.3.
• the closure actuation 6 Since the closure actuation 6 is arranged on the holding device 5, it can be moved linearly back and forth together with the holding device 5 via a movement of the slide 3.3.
• the holding device 5 has a circular segment-shaped recess 5.09 in the lower area 5.01, which, for example, in the illustration of the Fig. 6b This recess 5.09 is adapted to the circular or cylindrical geometry of the head section 6.21 of the locking mechanism 6, so that the locking mechanism 6 and the holding device 5 can be mounted very compactly.
• the shutter actuation 6 In the illustration of the Fig. 6a
• the shutter actuation 6 is moved a little away from the holding device 5. In the mounted position, however, the shutter actuation 6 protrudes as shown in the Fig. 6b from below into the contour of the holding device 5. This is also shown in the illustration of the Fig. 5b to recognize.
• the primer magazine depot 8 initially has two depot registers 8.4 arranged next to each other at a distance from each other. These depot registers 8.4 are of shaft-shaped geometry and essentially consist of two plates extending parallel to each other, between which one or more receiving locations 8.1 are arranged, each for receiving a primer magazine 9. As can be seen, for example, from the illustration of the Fig. 7 As can be seen, the right depot register 8.4 has two storage locations 8.1 and the left depot register 8.1 only has one storage location 8.1.
• each receiving location 8.1 is assigned a primer magazine holder 8.2, which has laterally projecting guide rails 8.7.
• the right-hand depot register 8.4 has two holders 8.2 arranged one above the other with corresponding guide rails 8.7, so that two primer magazines 9 can be arranged one above the other and stored in this depot register 8.4.
• the other depot register 8.4 only one holder 8.2 with corresponding guide rails 8.7 is arranged in the upper area, and an empty space 8.5 is provided below this holder 8.2 or this receiving space 8.1.
• only a single primer magazine 9 can be stored.
• the free space 8.5 provides sufficient space below the upper holder 8.2 or below the primer magazine 9 located in the receiving space 8.1, for example for parts of a loading device or a rammer, via which projectiles and/or propellant charges can be introduced into the weapon barrel 13.1 from the rear.
• the two depot registers 8.4 are arranged on two essentially horizontally extending rail-like guides 8.3. On their outer sides, the depot registers 8.4 are connected to pneumatic drives 8.6, via which the depot registers 8.4 can be moved back and forth along the guides 8.3.
• the corresponding depot register 8.4 In order to transfer a primer magazine 9 into a receiving location 8.1 of a depot register 8.4, the corresponding depot register 8.4 must first be removed from the position shown in the illustration of the Fig. 7 shown storage position B into a transfer position T, which, for example, in the representation of the Fig. 10e can be seen and will be discussed in more detail below.
• the primer magazines 9 are secured in the depot registers 8.4, so that they cannot be accidentally removed from the deposit registers 8.4.
• each depot register 8.4 is provided with a rear guide 8.8.
• the rear guides 8.8 are essentially fixed and thus immovable plate-shaped elements against which the primer magazines 9 inserted in the depot register 8.4 can rest on the back.
• the respective primer magazine depot 8 is first moved to the transfer position T.
• the primer magazine 9 can then be transferred in the insertion direction V into the selected depot register 8.4 or into the selected receiving location 8.1. In this inserted position, the primer magazine 9 is already secured or pre-locked to a certain extent, but is not yet sufficiently secured against accidental falling out.
• the primer magazine 9 is moved behind the fixed rear guide 8.8.
• the primer magazine 9 is thus essentially arranged between the rear guide 8.8 and the depot register 8.4 and can therefore no longer be moved in or against the insertion direction V.
• Fig. 10c shows that the primer magazine 9 rests on the rear side of the rear guide 8.8 and is therefore immobile.
• the side of the rear guide 8.8 facing the depot registers 8.4 is designed as a holding surface 8.91, against which the primer magazines 9 stored in the respective depot register 8.8 rest on the rear side, thus reliably preventing movement in the storage position B.
• the primer magazines 9 inserted into the primer magazine holders 8.2 are also pre-locked in the storage position B.
• the primer magazine holders 8.2 each have a link piece 8.21, which has a double-curved link, as can be seen from the illustration of the Fig. 10c can be seen.
• the protruding pin of a timing lever 9.2 enters the opening of the link piece 8.21.
• the corresponding pin is mounted so that it can move against a spring, so that when the primer magazine 9 is moved in the insertion direction V, it is extended against the force of the spring.
• the primer magazine holders 8.2 of a depot register 8.4 arranged one above the other are not arranged parallel to each other, but rather are arranged radially and converging towards the pivot axis A. Accordingly, the rear guides 8.8 and the holding surfaces 8.81 are not straight, but as shown in the illustration of the Fig. 10b convexly curved. Thus, the insertion directions V are not parallel to each other, but rather intersect at the pivot axis A.
• the depot register 8.4 into which the primer magazine 9 was transferred, would first have to be transferred back to the storage position B.
• the primer magazine 9 is now to be removed, which is arranged in the same depot register 8.4 below the primer magazine 9 stored in the primer magazine depot 8.
• the pivot arm 3 is first pivoted about the pivot axis A into the third transfer position U3.
• the holding device 5 is aligned with the lower holder 8.2 of the depot register 8.4, which also clarifies the reason for the radial alignment of the holders 8.2.
• the corresponding depot register 8.4 can then be moved into the storage position B, whereby the empty primer magazine 9 is moved behind the rear guide 8.8 and is thus then positively received in the primer magazine depot 8. This is shown in the illustration of the Fig. 10d to recognize.
• the steps described above are performed in reverse order.
• the slide 3.3 is then extended, whereby the primer magazine 9 is inserted into the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• the gripping device 5.1 can be released, and the primer magazine lock 14.3 can be moved into the locking position via the locking mechanism 6 to lock the primer magazine 9 in the primer magazine slot 14.1.
• the slide 3.3 is then retracted and moved in the direction L back into the movement position N, the holding device 5 slides off the primer magazine 9 and this remains in the breech 14 of the weapon 13.
• the swivel arm 3 can be moved back into the parking position P and then re-secured to the roof 12.1 of the vehicle 10 or the turret 12 via the securing device 7.

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