EP4630461A1 - Utilisation d'au moins un perester pour amorcer la polymerisation ou la copolymerisation d'ethylene sous haute pression - Google Patents
Utilisation d'au moins un perester pour amorcer la polymerisation ou la copolymerisation d'ethylene sous haute pressionInfo
- Publication number
- EP4630461A1 EP4630461A1 EP24852956.2A EP24852956A EP4630461A1 EP 4630461 A1 EP4630461 A1 EP 4630461A1 EP 24852956 A EP24852956 A EP 24852956A EP 4630461 A1 EP4630461 A1 EP 4630461A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tert
- peroxide
- group
- ethylene
- chosen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F110/00—Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C08F110/02—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2400/00—Characteristics for processes of polymerization
- C08F2400/04—High pressure, i.e. P > 50 MPa, 500 bars or 7250 psi
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of at least one organic peroxide chosen from the group consisting of peresters, as defined below, for the high-pressure radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing polyethylene, in particular low-density polyethylenes (LDPE), or an ethylene copolymer, in particular copolymers of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA), (meth)acrylic copolymers of ethylene, copolymers based on ethylene and at least one alpha- or alpha-omega olefin, copolymers based on ethylene and carbon monoxide, copolymers based on ethylene and unsaturated cyclic anhydride comonomers, comprising a step of radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in the presence of at least one peroxide chosen from the group consisting of peresters, as defined below.
- LDPE low-density polyethylenes
- EVA vinyl acetate
- the present invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising at least one olefinic monomer and at least one peroxide chosen from the group consisting of peresters, as defined below.
- Low-density polyethylenes also called LDPE
- ethylene copolymers are generally prepared in an autoclave or tubular reactor under high pressure, by continuous introduction of ethylene, one or more optional comonomers and one or more initiators, such as organic peroxides, which are most often diluted in an organic solvent.
- the pressure inside the reactor is generally between 500 and 5000 bar while the temperature, during reaction initiation, generally varies from 80°C to 250°C.
- the maximum reaction temperature is typically between 120°C and 350°C.
- the polymerization initiators can be injected into one or more reaction zones of the reactor.
- Low-density polyethylenes are therefore commonly used for the manufacture of films in the packaging sector or flexible bottles.
- ethylene copolymers can be used in the manufacture of cables, hot melt adhesive compositions, multilayer packaging films or masterbatches. They can also be used as impact modifiers in the preparation of polymers such as polyamides and polyesters for the electronics and automotive sectors.
- organic peroxides may be compounds capable of initiating a radical polymerization or copolymerization reaction of ethylene under high pressure in a high temperature range, referred to as high temperatures.
- organic peroxides include tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, sold under the trade name Luperox® 270, tert-butyl peracetate, sold under the trade name Luperox® 7, or tert-butyl perbenzoate, sold under the trade name Luperox® P.
- Non-aromatic initiators that can decompose in the operational temperature range of Luperox® P have been proposed, such as Luperox® 220, Luperox® 520, Luperox® 7, with the disadvantage of being able to generate methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), which is toxic in the LDPE process, and of limiting the presence of di- teralkylperoxide, which is likely to initiate polymerization outside the reactor, or handling disadvantages (odor and toxic classification by inhalation) and risk of corrosion of the installations.
- MTBE methyl tert-butyl ether
- an organic peroxide or an assembly of organic peroxides (commonly called a cocktail of organic peroxides) into one or more reaction zones of a reactor in order to carry out the high-pressure radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene.
- an assembly of organic peroxides capable of initiating the radical polymerization or copolymerization reaction of ethylene in different temperature ranges, for example in a temperature range from 160°C to 240°C and in a temperature range from 240°C to 280°C.
- This type of peroxide initiator system containing a more reactive initiator than the others has the advantage of covering a wide range of temperatures for initiating the ethylene polymerization or copolymerization reaction.
- one of the objectives of the present invention is to propose a compound or a combination of compounds capable of initiating the radical polymerization or copolymerization reaction of ethylene under high pressure in a reliable manner by reducing the quantity of initiator(s) consumed during the reaction compared to the organic peroxides conventionally used in the prior art.
- one of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a system containing one or more initiators for the polymerization or radical copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in order to improve the productivity and rationalize the production costs of a process for preparing polyethylene or an ethylene-based copolymer.
- the present invention relates in particular to the use of at least one organic peroxide, alone or in association with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s), chosen from the group consisting of the peresters of the following formula (I):
- Ri represents a linear or branched, non-aromatic, C1-C10 alkyl group
- R2 represents a linear C1-C16 alkyl group; for the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention is notably used, alone or in association with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s), to initiate the polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene by radical means under high pressure.
- the invention proposes to use a peroxide initiator system composed of one or more organic peroxide(s), of which at least one organic peroxide is chosen from the group consisting of the peresters of formula (I), for the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure, in particular for initiating the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.
- the organic peroxide as defined above, alone or in association with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s) has the advantage of efficiently initiating the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in order to produce polyethylene or an ethylene-based copolymer.
- the use of the organic peroxide according to the invention makes it possible to effectively substitute all or part of the organic peroxides conventionally used in the prior art for the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention also has the advantage of having a self-accelerating exothermic decomposition temperature greater than 50°C, which allows it to be stored, transported and handled at room temperature.
- the peroxide initiator system makes it possible to reduce the specific consumption of initiator(s) for a given injection zone, whether it is the consumption of the organic peroxide, as defined above, when it is used alone, or whether it is the overall consumption of the mixture of organic peroxides containing the organic peroxide as defined above and the additional organic peroxide(s).
- the specific consumption of the organic peroxide according to the invention when used alone, and the overall specific consumption of a combination of organic peroxides based on the organic peroxide according to the invention and the additional organic peroxide(s) are reduced during the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure compared to the organic peroxides used in the prior art.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention or the system containing such an organic peroxide has an economic interest linked to the limitation of the production costs of polyethylene or ethylene-based copolymer(s) and an environmental interest linked to the limitation of the risks of production of volatile organic compounds resulting from the degradation of the organic peroxide(s) used.
- the term "specific consumption of primer(s)” means the quantity in kilograms of primer required to produce one tonne of polymer (resin).
- the specific consumption of initiator(s) can also be expressed in grams of initiator(s) per kilogram of polymer obtained.
- the peroxide initiator system according to the invention makes it possible to cover a wide range of temperatures for initiating the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene.
- the invention also relates to a process for preparing polyethylene or an ethylene copolymer comprising a step of radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in the presence of at least one organic peroxide chosen from the group consisting of peresters of formula (I), alone or in association with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s).
- the present invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising:
- composition makes it possible to reduce the specific consumption of initiator(s) compared to organic peroxides conventionally used in the preparation of polyethylene or ethylene copolymer(s).
- composition according to the invention makes it possible to produce, after polymerization, polyethylene or an ethylene-based copolymer.
- composition according to the invention is therefore polymerizable or capable of polymerizing.
- the term "high pressure” means a pressure greater than 50 MPa.
- the pressure varies from 500 bars (50 Mpa) to 3000 bars (300 Mpa), preferably from 1200 bars (120 Mpa) to 3000 bars (300 Mpa).
- the invention relates to the use of one or more peresters corresponding to the formula (I) previously described for the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.
- non-aromatic means that Ri does not comprise an aromatic cycle.
- Ri represents a C 1 -C 10 aliphatic alkyl group.
- Ri represents a linear or branched, non-aromatic alkyl group, C1-C6, even more preferably C1-C5, better still C1-C4, even more preferably C1-C3.
- Ri represents a linear alkyl group, C1-C6, even more preferably C1-C5, better still C1-C4, even more preferably C1-C3, more preferably C1-C2, even more preferably is a -CH3 group.
- R2 represents a linear C2-C16 alkyl group.
- R2 represents a linear C2-C11 alkyl group, more preferably C3-C11, even more preferably C5-C10, even more preferably Cs-Ce, and even more preferably Ce.
- Ri represents a linear alkyl group, C1-C3, more preferably C1-C2, even more preferably is a CH 3 group, and
- R2 represents a linear alkyl group in C2-C11, more preferably in C3-C11, even more preferably in C5-C10, even more preferably in Cs-Ce, and even more preferably in Ce.
- the perester(s) according to the invention is or are preferentially chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-hexylperoxy-n-heptanoates, tert-heptylperoxy-n-heptanoates, tert-octylperoxy-n-heptanoates, tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-octanoate, tert-hexylperoxy-n-octanoates, tert-heptylperoxy-n-octanoates,
- the perester(s) according to the invention is or are chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-octanoate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the perester(s) according to the invention is or are chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably is a tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate.
- the peresters according to the invention are or are in particular obtained from the reaction between tert-alkyl hydroperoxides and acid halides, in particular acid chlorides, in particular in the presence of one or more alkaline agents.
- the peresters according to the invention are or are in particular obtained from the reaction between tert-butyl or tert-amyl hydroperoxides and acid halides, preferably acid chlorides, in particular n-heptanoyl or n-octanoyl chlorides.
- the perester(s) according to the invention has (or have) a half-life temperature of 1 hour, denoted HLT Ih, greater than or equal to 110°C.
- the "1-hour half-life temperature” is the temperature at which half of the peroxide has decomposed within 1 hour. In other words, it is the temperature at which a loss of half of the active oxygen content of the peroxide occurs after 1 hour.
- the 1-hour half-life temperature, denoted HLT 1h, of the peresters according to the invention is preferably measured in an isododecane solution.
- the peresters according to the invention have a half-life temperature of 1 hour, denoted HLT Ih, less than or equal to 130°C.
- the peresters according to the invention have a half-life temperature of 1 hour, between 110°C and 130°C, more preferably between 115°C and 125°C.
- the peresters according to the invention may also have a self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) greater than or equal to 50°C, preferably greater than or equal to 60°C.
- SADT self-accelerating decomposition temperature
- self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) is used to describe the lowest temperature at which an uncontrolled reaction occurs, i.e., self-accelerating decomposition in its packaging.
- This self-accelerating decomposition is preferably measured in a 25kg HDPE packaging.
- the self-accelerating decomposition temperature represents the temperature at which the chemical process leading to uncontrolled decomposition, possibly accompanied by self-combustion and explosion phenomena, begins.
- the self-accelerating decomposition temperature is, for example, measured according to UN standard H.3 of the United Nations Manual of Tests and Criteria, 7th revised edition of 2019.
- the peresters according to the invention have a half-life temperature at 1 hour (HLT 1h) greater than or equal to 115°C and a self-accelerating decomposition temperature (SADT) greater than or equal to 50°C, preferably greater than or equal to 60°C.
- HLT 1h half-life temperature at 1 hour
- SADT self-accelerating decomposition temperature
- the peresters according to the invention correspond to formula (I) in which R2 represents a linear C2-C7 alkyl group, in particular C5 or Ce, and have a half-life temperature at 1 hour (HLT1h) ranging from 115°C to 125°C.
- HLT1h half-life temperature at 1 hour
- the perester(s) according to the invention is or are derived from bio-sourced raw materials.
- bio-sourced we mean in the sense of the present invention that the perester(s) is or are derived from compounds of plant and/or animal origin, preferably plant.
- the perester(s) according to the invention may comprise a content of biosourced carbon, i.e. of plant and/or animal origin, in particular of plant origin, of at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably 100% by weight, relative to the total weight of carbons present in the perester compound.
- a content of biosourced carbon i.e. of plant and/or animal origin, in particular of plant origin, of at least 20% by weight, preferably at least 50% by weight, more preferably 100% by weight, relative to the total weight of carbons present in the perester compound.
- the perester(s) according to the invention may comprise a carbon content from renewable raw materials greater than or equal to 50% by weight, preferably ranging from 55 to 70% by weight, more preferably ranging from 60 to 65% by weight, relative to the total weight of carbons present in the perester compound.
- the 14 C content is substantially constant from the extraction of the renewable raw materials, until the manufacture of the copolymer according to the invention and even until the end of life of the object manufactured from said copolymer.
- the amount of 14C in a material can be determined by one of the methods described in ASTM D6866-06 (Standard Test Methods for Determining the Biobased Content of Natural Range Materials Using Radiocarbon and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry Analysis).
- This standard includes three methods for measuring organic carbon from renewable raw materials, known in English as “biobased carbon”.
- the proportions indicated for the perester of the invention are preferably measured according to the mass spectrometry method or the liquid scintillation spectrometry method described in this standard, and most preferably by mass spectrometry.
- the perester(s) according to the invention is or are liquid at room temperature, i.e. at a temperature ranging from 21°C to 30°C.
- Peroxide initiator system As indicated previously, the present invention proposes the use of a peroxidic initiator system, i.e. containing at least one organic peroxide, as defined previously, alone or in association with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s).
- the peroxide initiator system may be either the organic peroxide, as defined above, used alone, or a combination of the organic peroxide and one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s) as defined below.
- the peroxide initiator system allows the initiation of radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.
- association it is meant, within the meaning of the present invention, that the at least one organic peroxide, as defined above, is found in a mixture with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s) in the same formulation, or that said at least one organic peroxide and the additional organic peroxide(s) are found in separate formulations.
- association means that the at least one organic peroxide, as defined above, and the additional organic peroxide(s) belong to the same overall system of initiators capable of ensuring the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure.
- the at least one organic peroxide, as defined above, and the additional separate organic peroxide(s) participate globally in the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure depending on their reaction initiation temperature and that they are not necessarily formulated in the same composition.
- the organic peroxide as defined previously, can for example be injected into one point of a reactor while the additional organic peroxide(s) can be injected into another point of the reactor.
- the organic peroxide as defined above, is in a mixture with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s), i.e. formulated in the same composition.
- the association corresponds to a mixture of at least one organic peroxide according to the invention and one or more additional organic peroxide(s).
- the at least one organic peroxide according to the invention is used in association with one or more separate additional organic peroxide(s) in order to cover a temperature range for initiation of the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure which is wider than that obtained with the organic peroxide according to the invention used alone.
- the additional organic peroxide(s) is or are chosen from the group consisting of organic peroxides capable of initiating the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in a temperature range from 110°C to 320°C.
- the peroxide initiator system may comprise one or more organic peroxide(s), as defined above, and one or more additional organic peroxide(s) chosen from the group consisting of: organic peroxides capable of initiating the radical reaction of ethylene under high pressure in a temperature range known as low temperatures, down to less than 160°C (i.e.
- tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate preferably chosen from the group consisting of: tert-butylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate, tert-amylperoxy-2-ethylhexanoate and tert-amyl peroxy isobutyrate; organic peroxides capable of initiating the radical reaction of ethylene under high pressure in a so-called high temperature range, from 240°C to less than 280°C, preferably chosen from the group consisting of: tert-butylperoxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate, tert-amyl peroxy-3,5,5 trimethylhexanoate, tert-butylperoxybenzoate, tert-amylperoxybenzoate, tert-butyl peroxyacetate, and 2,2-di(tert-butylperoxy)butane, still preferentially chosen from the group consisting of tert-but
- the peroxidic initiator system covers a range of temperatures for initiating the radical reaction of ethylene under high pressure ranging from 110°C to 320°C.
- the additional organic peroxide(s) is or are chosen from the group consisting of: peroxides having a half-life temperature, at 1 h, lower than the half-life temperature at 1 h of the perester as defined above, or, in the case of several peresters as defined above, of the perester having the lowest half-life temperature at 1 h among the peresters, and peroxides having a half-life temperature, at Ih, higher than the half-life temperature at Ih of the perester as defined above, or, in the case of several peresters as defined above, of the perester having the highest half-life temperature at Ih and at atmospheric pressure among the peresters of the mixtures thereof.
- the peroxide initiator system comprises:
- perester of formula (I) chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-octanoate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the perester(s) according to the invention is or are chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably is a tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (such as Luperox® 26), and tert-butyl perpivalate (such as Luperox® 11).
- the additional organic peroxide(s) is or are different from the peresters described previously.
- the initiator system is preferably formulated in the same composition.
- the peroxide initiator system is a composition comprising:
- perester of formula (I) chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, tert-amylperoxy-n-octanoate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably, the perester(s) according to the invention is or are chosen from the group consisting of tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, and mixtures thereof, more preferably is a tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (Luperox® 26), and tert-butyl perpivalate (Luperox® 11).
- the organic peroxide according to the invention and the additional organic peroxide(s) may be diluted in a solvent or a mixture of solvents.
- the solvent(s) may be chosen from the group consisting of C6-C20 alkanes and C4-C12 alpha-olefins.
- the solvent(s) is or are chosen from the group consisting of C6-C20 alkanes, in particular C8-C14, preferably C12.
- the ratio of organic peroxide (or said peroxide initiator system) to the solvent(s) is at least 1:1; preferably at least 3:2, more preferably 7:3.
- organic peroxide according to the invention is used, alone or in combination with one or more additional organic peroxide(s), for the preparation of polyethylene or an ethylene copolymer, preferably polyethylene.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention is used, alone or in combination with one or more additional organic peroxide(s), for the radical polymerization of ethylene under high pressure.
- the present invention also relates to a process for preparing polyethylene or an ethylene copolymer comprising a step of radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene under high pressure in the presence of at least one organic peroxide chosen from the group consisting of the peresters of formula (I), as described above, alone or in association with one or more additional separate organic peroxide(s) as defined above.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention is or are generally present in a mass quantity ranging from 20 to 1000 ppm relative to the mass quantity of ethylene.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention and the additional organic peroxide(s) are preferably diluted in a solvent or a mixture of solvents.
- the solvent(s) may be chosen from the group consisting of C6-C20 alkanes and C4-C12 alpha-olefins.
- the solvent(s) is(are) chosen from the group consisting of C6-C20 alkanes, in particular Cs-Ci4, preferably C12.
- Free radical polymerization or copolymerization can be carried out in an autoclave or tubular reactor.
- the reaction temperature is generally between 120°C and 350°C.
- the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene is initiated at a temperature ranging from 160°C to 250°C, preferably from 160°C to 190°C.
- the radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene takes place at a pressure of 500 bar (50 MPa) to 3000 bar (300 MPa) and preferably 1200 bar (120 MPa) to 3000 bar (300 MPa).
- the organic peroxide according to the invention can be injected at one point or at several points in a reactor.
- the peroxide initiator system according to the invention can be injected in one go or in several goes into a reactor.
- the peroxide initiator system according to the invention When the peroxide initiator system according to the invention is injected at several points in a reactor, it is referred to as a multi-zone reactor, preferably a multi-zone autoclave reactor or a multi-zone tubular reactor.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention may be used in increasing concentrations in the different formulations.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention may be formulated in several formulations based on additional organic peroxide(s) such as defined above at different concentrations in order to optimize the conversion of ethylene in the reactor.
- These different formulations may be injected at several points of a reactor.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention can be injected at one point of the reactor and the additional organic peroxide(s) as described above can be injected at one or more other points of the reactor.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention and the additional organic peroxide(s) as described above are not formulated in the same composition but belong to the same peroxide initiator system in order to ensure the entire polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene.
- the introduction of the mixture of ethylene and optionally the comonomer(s) is preferably carried out at the top of the tubular reactor.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention or the combination of organic peroxides can be injected using a high-pressure pump at the top of the reactor, after the point of introduction of the mixture of ethylene and the comonomer(s).
- the mixture of ethylene and the optional comonomer(s) can be injected into at least one other point in the reactor, this injection is itself followed by a new injection of the organic peroxide according to the invention or of a combination of organic peroxides as defined previously, this is then referred to as a multipoint injection technique.
- the combination is preferably injected in such a way that the weight ratio of the combination injected at the reactor inlet to the totality of the injected combination is between 10 and 90%.
- An autoclave reactor can also be used to carry out high-pressure radical polymerization or copolymerization of ethylene and any comonomers.
- An autoclave reactor generally consists of a cylindrical reactor inside which an agitator is placed. The reactor can be divided into several zones connected together in series.
- the process according to the invention is carried out in an autoclave reactor, in particular in a multi-zone reactor.
- the residence time in the reactor is between 30 and 120 seconds.
- the organic peroxide according to the invention is also injected into this first reaction zone when the reaction zone reaches a temperature between 150°C and 200°C.
- the temperature can be between 150°C and 320°C, as the reaction is exothermic. If the reactor is a multi-zone reactor, the flow of ethylene and any unreacted comonomers, as well as the polymer formed, then passes into the following reaction zones.
- ethylene, optional comonomers and initiators can be injected, at an initiation temperature between 160°C and 190°C.
- the temperature of the zones after initiation is between 150°C and 320°C.
- the ethylene copolymer is preferably chosen from the group consisting of copolymers of ethylene and acrylate(s), copolymers of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), copolymers based on ethylene and one or more alpha or alpha-omega olefin monomer(s), copolymers based on ethylene and carbon monoxides, copolymers based on ethylene and unsaturated cyclic anhydride comonomers.
- EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
- the ethylene and acrylate copolymer comprises at least one unit derived from ethylene and at least one unit derived from an acrylate.
- the acrylate is in particular chosen from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylates, in particular C1-C30 alkyl (meth)acrylates, arylalkyl (meth)acrylates, alkanol (meth)acrylates, such as hydroxyethyl methacrylate and (meth)acrylates comprising an epoxy group.
- the alkyl and arylalkyl groups can be linear or branched and contain from 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably from 1 to 24 carbon atoms.
- Alkyl and arylalkyl groups can also contain ether or thioether functions.
- the alkyl (meth)acrylates are selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, n-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate and butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, n-heptyl methacrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, and mixtures thereof.
- the (meth)acrylates comprising an epoxy group are chosen from the group consisting of glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl acrylate and mixtures thereof.
- the acrylate is chosen from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylates, in particular C1-C30 alkyl (meth)acrylates, and more particularly C1-C24 alkyl (meth)acrylates.
- the acrylate is selected from the group consisting of methyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, or mixtures thereof, in particular butyl acrylate.
- the process according to the invention aims to prepare low density polyethylene (LDPE) or a copolymer of ethylene and vinyl acetate (EVA).
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- EVA vinyl acetate
- the process according to the invention aims to prepare polyethylene, preferably low density polyethylene (LDPE).
- LDPE low density polyethylene
- the invention also relates to the ethylene polymer or copolymer obtained by the above process.
- the present invention also relates to a composition
- a composition comprising:
- composition may further comprise one or more comonomer(s) capable of copolymerizing with ethylene by radical means under high pressure.
- the comonomers are selected from the group consisting of unsaturated carboxylic acid esters (or their salts), carboxylic acid anhydrides, vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate or vinyl pivalate, alpha-olefins such as propene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene and 4-methyl-1-pentene, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as (meth)acrylic acid, maleic acid and fumaric acid, (meth)acrylic acid derivatives such as (meth)acrylonitrile and (meth)acrylic amide, vinyl ethers such as vinyl methyl ether and vinyl phenyl ether and vinyl aromatic compounds such as styrene and alpha-methyl styrene, or their mixtures.
- unsaturated carboxylic acid esters or their salts
- carboxylic acid anhydrides vinyl esters, such as vinyl acetate or vinyl pivalate
- alpha-olefins such as propene, 1-butene
- the comonomer(s) are chosen from unsaturated carboxylic acid esters (or their salts), vinyl esters and their mixtures.
- the unsaturated carboxylic acid esters are preferably chosen from the group consisting of alkyl (meth)acrylates, in particular C1-C24 alkyl (meth)acrylates, and (meth)acrylates comprising an epoxy group.
- the alkyl (meth)acrylates are chosen from methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, n-heptyl acrylate, n-octyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, isobutyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, n-heptyl methacrylate and n-octyl methacrylate.
- the comonomer(s) are chosen from the group consisting of vinyl esters, in particular vinyl acetate.
- composition according to the invention makes it possible to produce a polyethylene or an ethylene-based copolymer.
- At least one olefinic monomer is meant that the composition comprises at least ethylene monomers, and optionally other comonomers as defined above.
- a tert-butyl hydroperoxide solution 70% are mixed with 116g of a potash solution (30%) at a temperature of 5-10°C.
- 70g of n-heptanoic acid chloride 99.7% are added to this solution in a controlled manner in order to maintain the temperature between 5°C and 10°C.
- the temperature is raised to 20-25°C for 15 min.
- the two phases are allowed to settle.
- the organic phase is washed with a sodium hydroxide solution (10%), then a sodium metabisulfite solution (10%), then with water. 67g of a tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate solution is recovered.
- a high-pressure radical polymerization of ethylene was carried out, on the one hand, with tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate (Luperox ® 270), called reference peroxide, and, on the other hand, with tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate, called peroxide (1), and with tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, called peroxide (2).
- ethylene is injected until a pressure of 1800 bars, or approximately 207 g, is reached.
- the stirring is 1000 rpm (revolutions per minute).
- the initial temperature was set at the reactor wall temperature of 170 ° C using heating rods placed in the reactor walls.
- the organic peroxides (peroxide (1), peroxide (2) and reference peroxide) are respectively diluted in heptane before being injected into the reactor.
- a transfer agent propionaldehyde, is also used to limit molecular masses and reactor fouling.
- each organic peroxide (peroxide (1), peroxide (2) and the reference peroxide) is diluted in heptane and propionaldehyde upstream of the reactor and at low temperature, so as not to initiate the reaction before entering the reactor.
- Each mixture is then injected into the reactor using a high-pressure pump. Polymerization is triggered as soon as the peroxide is injected at an initial temperature of 170°C.
- the thermal development curve which follows the introduction of each peroxide into the reactor and corresponds to the exotherm of ethylene polymerization, is determined.
- the exotherm curve corresponds to the kinetics of the radical reaction.
- the exotherm curve passes through a maximum temperature, called the maximum temperature reached, noted Tmax.
- the Tmax as well as the speed at which this Tmax is reached for a given dosage are determined.
- the reactor is then depressurized and the resin recovered for measurement of the specific consumption of organic peroxide.
- the specific consumption of organic peroxides is also measured for two radical polymerizations using identical dosages and making it possible to reach for each of said organic peroxides, the maximum temperature Tmax of 231°C, always with an initial temperature equal to 170°C.
- Organic peroxides tested In the following example, a high-pressure radical polymerization of ethylene was carried out, with three assemblies of organic peroxides containing respectively a mid-range operational temperature peroxide (peroxide (1) or peroxide (2) or reference peroxide of example 1) associated with a more reactive organic peroxide and another less reactive organic peroxide as defined above.
- a mid-range operational temperature peroxide peroxide (1) or peroxide (2) or reference peroxide of example 1
- tert-butyl peroxypivalate Liuperox ® 11
- tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate Liuperox ® 26
- tert-butyl peroxy-3,5,5-trimethylhexanoate Liuperox ® 270
- - ternary assembly 2 tert-butyl peroxypivalate (Luperox ® 11), tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (Luperox® 26) and tert-butylperoxy-n-heptanoate,
- tert-butyl peroxypivalate Liuperox ® 11
- tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate Liuperox ® 26
- tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate Liuperox ® 26
- the mass ratio of the three peroxides was 2:1:1.
- Luperox ® 11 was used in a commercial form diluted for safety reasons, at 75% in the phlegmatizing agent isododecane, under the commercial presentation Luperox ® 11M75, the other peroxides being available undiluted.
- the mass ratio of the Luperox ® 11 /Luperox ® 26 /Luperox ® 270 system then expresses a weight ratio between undiluted peroxide active ingredients of 1.5:1:1 respectively, which corresponds to the mixture 2:1:1 by weight of Luperox ® 11M75 /Luperox ® 26 /Luperox ® 270.
- the initial temperature of the ethylene charge under 1800 bars was established at the lower initial temperature of 145°C thanks to the ternary assembly whose most reactive organic peroxide allows working at a lower initial temperature than in example 1.
- the ternary assemblies were tested at the same overall dosage of organic peroxides initially to judge the kinetics (examination of the rise ramp of the reaction exotherm and Tmax reached as a function of time). Specific consumption
- the specific consumption of the overall quantities of peroxides involved in the two ternary assemblies was measured at three maximum temperatures Tmax, either 232°C, 240°C, and 245°C, with an initial temperature of 145°C for each of the assemblies.
- a high-pressure radical polymerization of ethylene was carried out, on the one hand, with tert-butyl peroxy-2-ethylhexanoate (Luperox® 26), called peroxide (3) and, on the other hand, with tert-butylperoxy-n-octanoate, called peroxide (2).
- peroxide (3) has been replaced weight for weight by peroxide (2) in order to see the difference between the branched isomer and the linear isomer.
- the two radical polymerizations were carried out under the same conditions as for example 1.
- Specific consumption The specific consumption of organic peroxides is also measured for two radical polymerizations using identical dosages and allowing to reach for each of said organic peroxides, the maximum temperature Tmax of 231°C, always with initial temperature equal to 170°C.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| FR2315031A FR3157394A1 (fr) | 2023-12-22 | 2023-12-22 | Utilisation d’au moins un perester pour amorcer la polymérisation ou la copolymérisation d’éthylène sous haute pression |
| PCT/FR2024/051742 WO2025133548A1 (fr) | 2023-12-22 | 2024-12-20 | Utilisation d'au moins un perester pour amorcer la polymerisation ou la copolymerisation d'ethylene sous haute pression |
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| JP3317793B2 (ja) * | 1994-09-05 | 2002-08-26 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 塩化ビニル系重合体の製造方法 |
| KR100630887B1 (ko) | 2004-11-19 | 2006-10-02 | 삼성토탈 주식회사 | 다양한 물성의 제품을 높은 생산성으로 제조하기 위한에틸렌 중합방법 및 이에 이용되는 관형 반응기 |
| EP1919967A1 (fr) | 2005-08-05 | 2008-05-14 | ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. | Procede et appareil de fabrication de polymeres et copolymeres d'ethylene |
| BRPI1006804B1 (pt) * | 2009-01-16 | 2019-10-22 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Método para reduzir a produção de um reator tubular de alta pressão e processo parapreparação de homopolímeros ou copolímeros de etileno |
| ATE542839T1 (de) * | 2009-11-10 | 2012-02-15 | Basell Polyolefine Gmbh | Hochdruck-ldpe für medizinische anwendungen |
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