Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
  • D21J1/00—Fibreboard
  • D21J1/02—Cutting, e.g. using wet saws
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F1/18—Perforating by slitting, i.e. forming cuts closed at their ends without removal of material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
  • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
  • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
  • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
  • B26D1/01—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work
  • B26D1/04—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor involving a cutting member which does not travel with the work having a linearly-movable cutting member
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
  • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
  • B26D7/27—Means for performing other operations combined with cutting
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
  • B31D1/00—Multiple-step processes for making flat articles ; Making flat articles
  • B31D1/0043—Multiple-step processes for making flat articles ; Making flat articles the articles being box parts not otherwise provided for
  • B31D1/005—Multiple-step processes for making flat articles ; Making flat articles the articles being box parts not otherwise provided for making bottoms or caps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
  • B31D5/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional [3D] articles
  • B31D5/0086—Making hollow objects
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
  • B31D5/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional [3D] articles
  • B31D5/02—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional [3D] articles including pressing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F—MECHANICAL WORKING OR DEFORMATION OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31F5/00—Attaching together sheets, strips or webs; Reinforcing edges
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
  • D21J1/00—Fibreboard
  • D21J1/04—Pressing
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
  • D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
  • B26D1/00—Cutting through work characterised by the nature or movement of the cutting member or particular materials not otherwise provided for; Apparatus or machines therefor; Cutting members therefor
  • B26D1/0006—Cutting members therefor
  • B26D2001/0053—Cutting members therefor having a special cutting edge section or blade section
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
  • B31B50/142—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming using presses or dies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
  • B31B50/20—Cutting sheets or blanks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
  • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
  • B65D2231/00—Means for facilitating the complete expelling of the contents
  • B65D2231/02—Precut holes or weakened zones
  • B65D2231/022—Precut holes or weakened zones for permitting the insertion of a tubular contents-removing device, e.g. a drinking straw

Definitions

• a method for producing a perforable weak point in molded bodies made of fibrous material, a tool for producing a perforable weak point in molded bodies made of fibrous material and a molded body made of fibrous material comprising at least one surface section which has at least one area with a perforable weak point.
• Fiber-containing materials are increasingly used to manufacture packaging for food (e.g., trays, capsules, boxes, etc.) and consumer goods (e.g., electronic devices, etc.), as well as beverage containers.
• These fiber-containing materials can contain natural fibers, which are obtained, for example, from renewable resources or recycled paper.
• the natural fibers can be mixed with water and, if necessary, other additives such as starch in a pulp and then shaped. Additives can also affect the color, barrier properties, and mechanical properties.
• a pulp can contain, for example, 0.1 to 10% by weight of natural fibers.
• the proportion of natural fibers can vary depending on the manufacturing process used for the packaging and the product properties of the product being manufactured.
• Fibers such as natural fibers, can also be introduced into molds in a dry state and processed or shaped within them. Alternatively, such fibers can be processed as raw materials for subsequent shaping.
• Raw materials for further processing can e.g. so-called webs or sheets, such as airlaid, fluff pulp, paper etc., as well as multi-layer arrangements made of the aforementioned materials, from a fibrous material, which are then formed in a molding tool.
• Manufacturing processes for products or molded parts made from a fiber-containing material include a wet process, in which the molded parts are pressed from fibers that are drawn from an aqueous suspension and pressed into finished parts in one or more process steps under heat and pressure.
• Another process involves a dry process, in which a relatively loose fiber composite (e.g., airlaid) with low moisture content is pressed into finished parts under high pressure and heat.
• a local weak point is often required that can be easily breached.
• This weak point must be designed to provide sufficient sealing against external and internal influences (e.g., liquids, dust, etc.) when closed.
• the weak point must be easy to open, for example, with a straw.
• Other designs might include a hinged lip or similar feature that is partially connected to an adjacent area and, after a section is separated, can be tilted around a firmly attached portion to reveal a drinking opening.
• Such weak points are also necessary in coffee capsules made of fibrous material to allow the capsules to be punctured without damaging the overall structure due to the fibrous material.
• the task is therefore to provide a solution that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and offers a solution for perforable weak points in molded parts made of fibrous material.
• These weak points should be simple in design, possess sufficient barrier and sealing properties, and be easy to open without damaging the molded parts. Furthermore, the weak point should be reproducibly designed so that a large number of molded parts with identical properties, particularly in the area of the weak point, can be produced.
• the fibrous material on the opposing surfaces at the separation point e.g., cut surfaces
• a penetrable interface can be designed to be punctured, allowing, for example, piercing with a straw or similar object. Pressing together the previously completely cut area creates a weak point that is sufficiently strong to prevent unwanted penetration by substances, etc., and can simultaneously be easily broken or punctured without damaging the surface area surrounding the weak point.
• a material-bonded connection between the fibers of the fibrous material in the separated areas does not exist in the fully formed weak point after pressing.
• the molded body can consist solely of the fiber-containing material and, for example, lack any lamination.
• the surface section can also be flat or curved, with at least one area following the contour of the surface section.
• the creation of weak points is easily implemented and allows for the production of a large number of molded parts with identical properties in the area of the weak point.
• the weak points of all molded parts exhibit the same behavior when broken or punctured and do not damage the surface section or at least one area.
• Cutting through at least one area and then pressing the at least one area together can be easily implemented from a process engineering perspective.
• the at least one area itself can be designed to be straight, curved, round, angular, etc., at least in sections.
• the layer thickness of the fiber-containing material can be reduced in at least one area. This reduction in layer thickness can occur during pressing, thereby increasing the force on the opposing surfaces at the interface.
• a suitable pressing tool with a sufficiently large pressing surface can ensure that the fiber-containing material does not shift during pressing. This means that the orientation and shape of the surface section can be maintained even during pressing.
• the layer thickness of a section adjacent to the at least one area can also be reduced.
• pressing does not create a material-bonded connection between the fibers of the fiber-containing material in at least one area.
• the pressing process can be carried out at a temperature in the range of 1 to 250 °C.
• the pressing process can be carried out from approximately room temperature, i.e., 20 °C.
• the pressing can take place at a pressure in the range of 1 to 250 N/mm 2 , in particular in the range of 100 to 200 N/mm 2 .
• several areas within at least one surface section can be cut through, with the multiple areas being separated from each other by fibrous material that remains intact.
• bridges or micro-connections can remain between the completely cut areas, providing sufficient stability to the cut areas and enabling them to bear forces across the weak point.
• the multiple areas and the fibrous material separating the multiple areas can be pressed together, whereby the pressing can be carried out jointly, so that the fibrous material between the separated areas is also pressed together.
• At least one area and/or at least one surface section can be laminated after pressing to provide an additional coating for a barrier, etc.
• the provision of the molded part can additionally include a manufacturing step in which fiber-containing material is formed into a molded part.
• a manufacturing step precedes the formation of the molded part and can, for example, be carried out in a single system.
• the molded part can be produced beforehand and then fed to a device for creating weak points.
• the manufacturing step can, for example, involve forming molded parts from a pulp or from a relatively dry material (e.g., airlaid, etc.).
• the at least one area can be moistened after being cut and before being pressed together.
• This moistening can positively influence the subsequent pressing process, resulting, for example, in stronger compression and thus greater pressure on the separated surfaces (a stronger force-fit connection), since moister material – depending on the material type and processing – can be pressed together more easily. No material bond is formed in this process, so the advantage of the force-fit connection at the weak point is retained.
• the cutting and/or pressing of at least one area can take place on opposite sides of at least one surface section. A reduction in layer thickness on both sides can also occur.
• a pattern spanning at least one severed area can be embossed into a surface on at least one side during pressing.
• the embossing can occur simultaneously with the pressing process.
• the pattern can strengthen the bond at the weak point, as it achieves further partial consolidation through the embossing pattern penetrating deeper into the fiber-containing material, and simultaneously during the pressing process. Pressing of opposing surfaces can result in pressing in a further orientation or direction at the separation point.
• a tool for producing a penetrable weak point in molded parts made of fibrous material comprising at least one cutting element and at least one punch, wherein the at least one cutting element is received in the at least one punch and is displaceable relative to the at least one punch, wherein, for producing a penetrable weak point, the at least one cutting element and the at least one punch are jointly displaceable and the at least one cutting element protrudes from the at least one punch, wherein, after cutting through at least one area of a fibrous material, the at least one cutting element can be held against at least one stop by the joint displacement of the at least one cutting element and the at least one punch, so that, upon further displacement of the at least one punch, a pressing surface of the at least one punch can be pressed against the at least one area and the at least one cutting element plunges into the at least one punch.
• the tool's design as a combined cutting and pressing device enables the cutting of fibrous material in at least one area and the pressing of that area in a single operation.
• the at least one punch and the at least one cutting element are coupled in such a way that, upon closing the tool, the fibrous material is first cut in at least one area, and with continued movement in the closing direction, the previously cut area is pressed.
• the at least one cutting element can be inserted into the at least one punch and is, for example, mounted in the punch by a spring element, so that the cutting element can be automatically pressed into a receptacle in the punch when a lower end position is reached.
• the end position can be reached, for example, when the cutting element has completely cut through the fibrous material and comes into contact with a counter-position of the tool, which also serves as a stop for the cutting element.
• a shaped body made of fibrous material having at least one surface section, wherein the at least one surface section has at least one area with a penetrable weak point. exhibits, wherein the penetrable weak point has a separation point with opposing surfaces, wherein the opposing surfaces of the separation point are produced by separating the fibrous material, and wherein the fibrous material is positively connected to each other at the surfaces of the separation point.
• the design of the weak point provides sufficient sealing while allowing for easy opening without damaging or destroying the surface area surrounding it.
• the advantages and design of the molded part please also refer to the descriptions of the weak point production process and the tooling required.
• the at least one surface section in the area with the penetrable weak point can have a lower layer thickness compared to adjacent areas of the at least one surface section.
• the fiber-containing material in the area of the penetrable weak point can exhibit greater compression than in adjacent areas of at least one surface section.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of various steps in the production of a weak point 24 in an area 22 of a surface section 20 of a molded body 10 made of a fibrous material.
• Molded bodies 10 can, for example, be formed from a fibrous suspension (pulp) in a preliminary manufacturing step.
• molded bodies 10 can be formed from a paper-like layer with at least one layer.
• the molded bodies 10 can be brought into a three-dimensional shape and cured.
• the molded bodies 10 can, for example, be formed as a lid, as shown in Figure 1.
• Fig. 2 shown.
• shaped bodies 10 can also be formed into other shapes and, for example, cups, bowls, capsules, etc.
• surface sections 20 can be provided with a weak point 24.
• Surface sections 20 can be located, for example, on flat areas of the material or on curved areas of the material.
• the formation of weak points 24 is not subject to any restrictions with regard to the (surface) structure of the material. This only requires an adaptation of the tool for the production of weak points 24 or a corresponding design of the tool.
• FIG. 1a shows a schematic representation of a first manufacturing step for producing weak points 24 in a surface section 20 of a molded body 10 made of a fiber-containing material.
• a section of the molded body 10 is shown.
• the molded body 10 can, for example, be a lid, as shown in Figure 1.
• Fig. 2 The weak point 24 is formed in a flat surface section 20.
• the molded body 10 is placed on a tool part that serves as a counter-surface 44.
• the counter-surface 44 or the tool part can be made of a suitable material, in particular a metal or a metal alloy, or at least have a metal or metal alloy on the contact surface for the surface section 20.
• the counter-surface 44 can completely replicate the geometry of the molded body 10, so that the molded body 10 is in full contact with the counter-surface 44 on its lower surface.
• the counter-surface 44 can extend essentially over the area in which the weak point 24 is formed.
• FIG. 1a shows the surface section 20 made of fibrous material of a molded body 10, which rests on the counter surface 44 in at least one area 22.
• a cutting die 40 which serves as a cutting element, is first positioned and then lowered from above in the direction of the arrows.
• the design of the cutting die 40 defines the width and length of the cut through the fibrous material after cutting.
• a perforated shape includes, for example, designs with a multitude of completely cut areas separated by webs 30, whereby the fibrous material in the area of the webs 30 is not cut through or only partially cut through, i.e. the layer thickness of the fibrous material in the area of the webs 30 may be reduced compared to the fibrous material in the remaining surface section 20.
• FIG. 1b shows a state where the cutting blade 40 has completely severed the fibrous material in area 20.
• the lower, pointed cutting edge of the cutting blade 40 abuts the counter surface 44 and cannot be displaced further.
• the fibrous material in the separation point 26 is forced to the side, which can lead to a slight accumulation of material in area 22 because downward or lateral displacement is not possible or only possible to a limited extent.
• the accumulation shown in the separation point 26 is the simplest displacement option for the material.
• the fibrous material at the separation point 26 has opposite surfaces 28 that are completely separated from each other and no longer have a material-bonded connection.
• a die which in the illustrated embodiment is an embossing die 42, is positioned relative to the separation point 26 and moved towards the gap or separation point 26 in the direction of the arrows.
• the embossing die 42 can have a lower embossing surface that extends at least over the length and width of the separation point 26 or the gap.
• the embossing die 42 has a width that extends laterally at least 3 to 10 mm beyond the separation point 26 in both directions. In the longitudinal direction, i.e., in the direction shown in the drawing, the embossing surface of the embossing die 42 can extend by the same amount of at least 3 to 10 mm beyond the separation point 26.
• the embossing surface of the embossing die 40 is flat, so that the surface section 20 can be pressed against the parting line 26 in the area 22 over a definable embossing area, which is defined according to the embossing surface of the embossing die 40.
• the embossing die 40 is pressed against the area 22 until a force-fit connection is formed between the surfaces 28 in the parting line 26, thereby closing the gap.
• the embossing area i.e., the area of the fibrous material that is compressed, extends beyond the separation point 26. This also compresses the accumulation of material in the area of the separation point 26, so that no accumulation remains after compression due to the separation or cutting.
• sections with closed structures e.g., circular weak points 24; see e.g. Fig. 2f
• the correspondingly pressed surface of the surface section 20 can, in the form of a weak point 24, extend as a closed structure, for example, circularly with a larger diameter than the weak point 24 itself.
• the embossing surface can be provided with a pattern or the like, so that an embossing with a corresponding pattern, such as in, is present on the surface of the pressed area.
• Fig. 3 This can be demonstrated by creating embossing surfaces.
• the embossing surface can, for example, have raised areas and/or depressions in the form of parallel and/or intersecting grooves, lines, etc. Furthermore, such raised areas and/or depressions can be curved along the embossing surface.
• FIG. 1d Figure 1 shows surface section 20 with area 22, which has a penetrable weak point 24, after compression.
• Area 22 is compressed relative to the rest of surface section 20 and has a small layer thickness.
• the raised areas or material accumulations are flattened by the cut.
• the compression of the material presses the surfaces 28 against each other, creating a force-fit connection between them.
• the embossed surface or area is preferably dimensioned accordingly, i.e., made wide.
• the force-fit connection provides a sealing solution for the weak point 24, while at the same time allowing for easy penetration because there is no material bond.
• piercing e.g. using a straw or the like
• no uncontrolled tearing or other damage to the surface section 20 is caused because a "predetermined breaking point" is present and the weak point 24 already has a completely separated area.
• Fig. 2 shows schematic representations of the formation of weak points 24 in molded bodies 10, wherein the in Fig. 2
• the molded body 10 shown is designed as a lid.
• the lids are made of a fibrous material.
• the lids or molded bodies 10 of the Fig. 2a Figures ) to f) have a three-dimensional structure with a circumferential rim 12, which can be placed on a cup and locked into place with the cup rim.
• the lids have a substantially circular surface section 20 in the center.
• This surface section 20 can have various design features.
• the surface section 20 has a depression, as schematically indicated.
• each of the lids or molded parts 10 shown has a weak point 24, which was manufactured according to a manufacturing process described herein and thus has a separation point 26. This separation point was pressed together after a stamping step, so that a force-fit connection between the separated surfaces 28 was created in the separation area.
• FIG. 2a shows the formation of a weak point 24 with three converging cuts separated by a central ridge 30.
• the embossing area can extend over the ridge 30.
• Fig. 2b shows a modification in which the weak point 24 has four converging cuts that are separated from each other by a central web 30.
• Fig. 2c shows a variation of the execution of Fig. 2b ), wherein the four converging cuts are divided by further webs 30.
• the cuts or the individual areas, which were previously completely severed and subsequently pressed, can have a greater extent, so that despite a larger piercing area (e.g. for straws with a large cross-section, which are used, for example, with thick drinks (milkshakes, etc.)) the weak point 24 has sufficient stability while remaining easily punctured.
• a larger piercing area e.g. for straws with a large cross-section, which are used, for example, with thick drinks (milkshakes, etc.
• Fig. 2d shows a variation of the execution of Fig. 2a ), wherein an additional cut is made between the outer ends of each cut, which is then grouted.
• the weak point 24 can be penetrated almost across its entire surface or separated from the remaining surface section 20.
• Fig. 2e shows a variation of the execution of Fig. 2b ), wherein an additional cut is made between the outer ends of the cuts, which is then grouted. Even in such designs, the weak point 24 can be penetrated almost across its entire surface or separated from the remaining surface section 20.
• FIG. 2f Figure 1 shows an embodiment with an essentially circular area 22, which has a multitude of cuts that completely separate the fibrous material and are subsequently pressed together, the individual cuts being separated by webs 30.
• the surface section surrounded by the cuts and the webs 30 has a connection to the remaining surface section 20, so that after breaking through or piercing the weak point 24 in area 22, the area detached from the remaining surface section 20 remains connected to the remaining surface section 20 via a kind of hinge.
• the webs 30 can be pressed together with the completely severed areas of the fiber-containing material, or can already be pressed together.
• FIG. 3 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a weak point 24, which is provided with an embossing 32.
• An embossing 32 can be applied when pressing a previously cut area 22e of a fibrous material or a surface section 20, for which purpose an embossing surface of an embossing die 42 is appropriately designed and, for example, has a surface with depressions and/or protrusions.
• An embossing 32 can partially create a stronger compression in the area of depressions in the pressed area of the fibrous material, thereby further strengthening the structure weakened by the cut.
• an additional force distribution can be achieved in the force-fit connection between the previously separated surface sections across the separation point 26.
• a marking of the weak point 24 can be provided, which further facilitates penetration, as the penetration point can be located quickly.
• Fig. 3a shows an embossing 32 with a multitude of parallel indentations inclined at approximately 45° to the separation point 26, which extend, for example, over the entire pressed area extend.
• Fig. 3b Figure 32 shows an embossing with multiple intersecting indentations, each running parallel and at 45° or 135° to the separation point 26. The indentations can also extend over the entire pressed area.
• Fig. 3c Figure 1 shows a design with simply crossed indentations, each running parallel and at 45° or 135° to the separation point 26, the indentations extending over the entire pressed area and their intersection points lying at the separation point 26.
• Other patterns for an embossing 32 can also be used in further designs.
• FIG. 4 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a weak point 24 of a further embodiment in a sectional view, wherein the previously cut area 22 was pressed flat on both sides, so that the indentation appears on the opposite sides due to the pressing. Pressing on both sides can, for example, reduce the indentation on only one side, so that it is not perceptible or less perceptible, whereby the same pressing as with one-sided pressing can be carried out.
• pressing and thus a depression can be made on the side of a surface section 20, which is not visible in use of the molded part 10.
• pressing on the non-visible underside of the lid could be effective.
• FIG. 5 shows a further schematic representation of the production of a weak point 24 in an area of a surface section 20 of a molded body 10.
• the tool is equipped with at least one embossing die 42, which has a cutting blade 40 that can be moved into a receptacle 41.
• the cutting blade 40 can, for example, be pushed out of the receptacle 41 in the unactuated state by means of a spring device (e.g., a compression spring) or the like, and thus protrudes from the lower embossing surface of the embossing die 42.
• a spring device e.g., a compression spring
• the cutting blade 40 When the embossing surface contacts the fibrous material, the cutting blade 40 is in its maximum position within the embossing die 42 and can, for example, be flush with the lower surface of the embossing area. Subsequently, the embossing die 42 is pressed further against the fibrous material, so that it is compressed in the area of the embossing surface, as described above, and the fibrous material is pressed together in a force-fit manner at the separation point 26.
• the embossing die 42 After pressing, the embossing die 42 returns to its starting position, and the cutting blade 40 can continuously emerge from the receptacle 41.
• the displacement of the cutting blade 40 relative to the embossing die 42 and together with the embossing die 42 can be mechanically coupled, so that, for example, before the embossing surface of the embossing die touches the fibrous material, the cutting blade 40 is fully retracted into the receptacle 41 and can only emerge from the receptacle 41 again when the embossing surface has reached a definable distance from the fibrous material. This can be achieved, for example, by means of a gear arrangement.
• Fig. 6a Figures ) and b) show a further schematic representation of an embodiment for the production of a weak point 24 in a region of a surface section 20 of a molded body 10, wherein the fibrous material is cut from two sides.
• punching tools can be used, as shown in Fig. 5 described, are formed, and, for example, have movable dies 40 relative to an embossing die 42.
• Fig. 6b As shown schematically, compression of the fiber-containing material in area 22 with the separation point 26 can take place from both sides.
• a stamping tool can have several tool elements, so that a large number of weak points 24 can be simultaneously generated in a large number of shaped bodies 10.
• the geometry of the stamping dies 40 shown is exemplary and can be particularly thin.
• the design of 40 mm die-cutting tools can vary.
• 40 mm die-cutting tools can have a width of approximately 0.5 to 3 mm, with the tip ideally being almost 0 mm wide.
• 40 mm die-cutting tools can have a point or cutting angle of approximately 30–60°.
• 40 mm die-cutting tools can be designed differently depending on the requirements.
• the details of their design can vary considerably, such as the grind (e.g., single-bevel, double-bevel, four-bevel, etc.).
• the grind e.g., single-bevel, double-bevel, four-bevel, etc.
• 40 mm die-cutting tools with a rounded tip can also be used in other versions.
• Fig. 7 shows a schematic representation of a method 50 for producing penetrable weak points 24 in molded bodies 10 made of a fibrous material.
• preforms made of a fiber-containing material are first prepared and then compressed under thermal influence.
• the preforms can be prepared by drawing fibers from an aqueous solution (pulp) and forming three-dimensional preforms that essentially already have the shape of the products to be manufactured. Additionally, additives such as starch, chemical additives, wax, etc., can be added to the pulp to influence the properties of the products (e.g., barrier properties) and their processability.
• the fibers can be, for example, natural fibers such as cellulose fibers or fibers from a fiber-containing source material (e.g., recycled paper).
• the manufactured molded bodies 10 can themselves serve as starting material for the production of molded bodies 10 or other products after their use, or can be composted, because they can generally be completely decomposed and do not contain any harmful, environmentally hazardous substances.
• the preforms can be further modified and subjected to a pre-pressing step. Subsequently, the preforms are pressed into three-dimensional molded bodies 10 in a hot pressing device under pressure and heat.
• the shaped bodies 10 can be formed from a loose cellulose web (airlaid) or paper.
• the previously manufactured shaped body 10 is then inserted 54 into a tool which has means for creating weak points 24.
• the shaped part 10 is punched 55 or cut from fibrous material in at least one surface section 20, whereby the fibrous material is completely severed in an area 22.
• the punching 55 can be carried out by relative displacement of two tool parts, e.g., punching blade 40 and counter-position 44.
• the previously completely separated area 22 is pressed 56 with another tool component, e.g., an embossing die 42.
• the pressing 56 can take place in the same tool or in a different tool.
• the embossing can be carried out in the same station with a combined tool, such as in the Fig. 5 and 6
• the pressing process can be carried out using two different tools arranged in successive stations of a tool.
• the pressing 56 can be achieved by the relative displacement of two tool parts, e.g., embossing die 42 and counter-position 44.
• the layer thickness of the fiber-containing material in the area 22 with the separation point 26 or the cut is compressed relative to the remaining surface section 20, so that the fiber-containing material is additionally compacted and pressed forcefully together on opposing surfaces 28 in the area of the separation point 26.
• the pressing 56 can be carried out according to the layer thickness of the unpressed fiber-containing material, the material type and composition, as well as the cutting length and width, at pressures in the range of 1 to 200 N/ mm2 .
• the embossing surface of an embossing die 42 can be temperature-controlled to facilitate the compression of the to improve the fibrous material in area 22 with the separation point 26.
• the pressing 56 is carried out at temperatures of 50 to 150 °C.
• optional moistening 60 of the area 22 can take place, whereby during pressing 56, the area 22 can be dried at correspondingly higher temperatures (e.g., between 90 and 150 °C). No material bond is formed, so the advantage of the force-fit connection at the weak point 24 is retained.
• the separation point 26 can be embossed with an embossing die 42, as in Fig. 3 as described, or with a separate tool.
• the molded part 10 which has at least one defect 24, can be ejected 57 and then subjected to post-treatment 58 in another facility or in the same facility.
• Post-treatment 58 can include, for example, lamination 59, printing, etc.
• the molded parts 10 can be treated in other ways after their manufacture to achieve specific properties.
• the formation of shaped bodies 10 can vary depending on the desired shape. This allows for the simple production of gap-free weak points 24 in various types of cellulose-based fiber products, which can be used in different areas and for various purposes.
• the gap-free weak points 24 of the technical teaching disclosed herein are achieved by completely cutting through a fiber-containing material and subsequently pressing the completely cut area together. The pressing extends beyond the cut point 26 to exert sufficient pressure on the cut point 26 from the adjacent areas. The area that must be pressed depends on the design of the cut point 26 (length, cutting depth, i.e., thickness of the fiber layer) and the material used, as well as the stability and desired resistance to puncture or breakage of the weak point 24.

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