Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21J—FIBREBOARD; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM CELLULOSIC FIBROUS SUSPENSIONS OR FROM PAPIER-MACHE
  • D21J3/00—Manufacture of articles by pressing wet fibre pulp, or papier-mâché, between moulds
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/02—Feeding or positioning sheets, blanks or webs
  • B31B50/10—Feeding or positioning webs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
  • B26F1/40—Cutting-out; Stamping-out using a press, e.g. of the ram type
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
  • B31B50/142—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming using presses or dies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/14—Cutting, e.g. perforating, punching, slitting or trimming
  • B31B50/16—Cutting webs
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/59—Shaping sheet material under pressure
  • B31B50/592—Shaping sheet material under pressure using punches or dies
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/74—Auxiliary operations
  • B31B50/741—Moistening; Drying; Cooling; Heating; Sterilizing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/74—Auxiliary operations
  • B31B50/88—Printing; Embossing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31D—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B31B OR B31C
  • B31D5/00—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional [3D] articles
  • B31D5/02—Multiple-step processes for making three-dimensional [3D] articles including pressing
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
  • B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
  • B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
  • B26F1/38—Cutting-out; Stamping-out
  • B26F1/44—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor
  • B26F2001/4427—Cutters therefor; Dies therefor combining cutting and forming operations
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B2100/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by folding single-piece sheets, blanks or webs
  • B31B2100/002—Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by folding single-piece sheets, blanks or webs characterised by the shape of the blank from which they are formed
  • B31B2100/0024—Rigid or semi-rigid containers made by folding single-piece sheets, blanks or webs characterised by the shape of the blank from which they are formed having all side walls attached to the bottom
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B2110/00—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers
  • B31B2110/10—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a cross section of varying size or shape, e.g. conical or pyramidal
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B2110/00—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers
  • B31B2110/20—Shape of rigid or semi-rigid containers having a curved cross section, e.g. circular
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B31—MAKING ARTICLES OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER; WORKING PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B—MAKING CONTAINERS OF PAPER, CARDBOARD OR MATERIAL WORKED IN A MANNER ANALOGOUS TO PAPER
  • B31B50/00—Making rigid or semi-rigid containers, e.g. boxes or cartons
  • B31B50/74—Auxiliary operations
  • B31B50/742—Coating; Impregnating; Waterproofing; Decoating

Definitions

• a surface section made of fibrous material for processing into a three-dimensional molded part by a forming process a method for producing a surface section made of fibrous material for processing into a three-dimensional molded part by a forming process, and a method for producing three-dimensional molded parts from a surface section made of fibrous material are described.
• Sections of fibrous material can be formed into three-dimensional parts, such as food packaging (e.g., trays, capsules, boxes, lids, etc.) and consumer goods (e.g., electronic devices, etc.), through a forming process under pressure and temperature. Everyday objects, such as disposable cutlery and tableware, can also be manufactured from fibrous material. Fibrous materials include natural and synthetic fibers, with an increasing use of materials containing or consisting of natural fibers. These can be derived, for example, from renewable resources or recycled paper. Sections of fibrous material can consist of at least one layer of paper, cardboard, nonwoven fabric, or a nonwoven-like layer, such as airlaid, fluff pulp, compressed airlaid, and others. Such materials have a relatively low moisture content of up to approximately 30% by weight.
• the forming of the aforementioned materials in a so-called dry thermoforming process is subject to significant limitations regarding formability due to the material properties of natural fibers in their dry state.
• the maximum elongation, depending on the fibrous material used, is approximately 2-15% relative to the initial state.
• fibrous materials exhibit poor flow behavior. This severely restricts the range of possible product geometries (depth, ribs, undercuts, draft angles ⁇ 10°, etc.) for products made from fibrous materials.
• Paper in particular, can only be formed to a very limited extent, as it tends to tear easily when deformed.
• the task is therefore to provide a solution that overcomes the disadvantages of the prior art and enables the forming of surface sections made of fiber-containing material, whereby no singulation of blanks from a surface section is necessary and high mold heights can be achieved in production, so that there are essentially no restrictions regarding the mold depth and product geometry in the production of three-dimensional molded parts in a "dry fiber" processing method.
• a surface section made of fibrous material for processing into a three-dimensional molded part by a forming process wherein the surface section has at least one material layer, wherein the surface section has at least one forming area for forming to produce a three-dimensional molded part and at least one first area and at least one second area, wherein the at least one first area and the at least one second area extend circumferentially around at least a part of the at least one forming area, wherein the at least one first area has at least two sections in which the at least one material layer is completely separated, and the at least one second area has at least one section in which the at least one material layer is completely separated, and wherein the two sections of the at least one first area are separated from each other by a first connecting area, wherein the first connecting area between the sections of the at least one first area is located relative to the section of the at least one second area.
• a surface section can be provided by an endless web of material or a sheet of material.
• the at least one forming area within the surface section can remain with the rest of the surface section, e.g., in an endless web of material or a sheet of material, and be transported via the sections of the at least one first area and the at least one second area, even during and after forming, so that no separate transport is required.
• individual blanks or molded parts are required, and on the other hand, the position of the blanks or molded parts, which are formed in the molding area, is maintained along the transport route.
• the material of the surface area is separated, so that when the mold area is deformed, a "draw-in" of the fiber-containing material leads to a compensating movement by widening the sections.
• at least two strips can be formed by deformation and the drawing in of material within the mold area, extending from at least one connection area between the sections of the first area to second connection areas on the mold area.
• the relative arrangement of the first connection area between the sections of the at least one first area and the section of the at least one second area allows for compensation depending on the requirements and geometry of the molded part to be produced.
• the sections of the first connection area can form strips of different lengths that share a common base in the connection area, so that the other ends of the strips connected to the mold area are displaced and positioned to varying degrees during forming.
• the first connection area between the sections of the at least one first area can be located essentially centrally to the section of the at least one second area, so that strips of essentially equal length are formed.
• Such embodiments can be used, for example, for the production of rotationally symmetrical molded parts.
• a compensating movement of the material can occur only for a portion of a mold area by separating the fiber-containing material into two areas, as described above.
• the first and second areas can have multiple sections, so that there are several first connection areas in the first area and several second connection areas in the second area. This allows, for example, for a forming process around the entire mold area to be carried out. Compensation is provided in the material, wherein the indentation in the mold area is substantially compensated by an enlargement between the first area and the second area, without deforming or indenting the part of the surface section surrounding the first area, and wherein the position of the mold area or mold part is substantially maintained.
• At least one third area can also be provided, which is connected to the second area and the forming area according to the pattern described above, so that a reshaping of the forming area is compensated by an equalization between the areas.
• the length of the section of at least one second area can be greater than the length of the sections of at least one first area.
• Such embodiments can, for example, accommodate a special forming process in the forming area, where a stronger forming is required locally compared to adjacent areas.
• the surface section can have an essentially flat extent. This allows the surface section to be easily transported and fed to different processing stations.
• the at least one first area and the at least one second area can run essentially parallel to each other. This allows defined strips or webs to be formed between the first area and the formed area after shaping by leveling.
• the at least one first area and the at least one second area can completely surround the forming area, taking into account material inward drafting during forming in the forming area, and in which no inward drafting occurs in the Surface sectioning, even with multiple mold areas, is carried out so that the position of the mold areas is maintained throughout the entire production process.
• the length of the section of the at least one second area can be essentially 1.5 to 2.5 times the length of the sections of the at least one first area.
• the at least one first region can have circumferential sections, each separated from the other by a first connecting section, wherein the at least one second region has circumferential sections, each separated from the other by a second connecting section. This allows for compensation in every direction during forming.
• first connection areas can be located essentially centrally to the sections of the at least one second area, and the second connection areas can be located essentially centrally to the sections of the at least one first area. This allows for compensation via the resulting "strips," whereby the load is distributed evenly within the fiber-containing material.
• the at least one forming area can have a three-dimensional forming part after forming, and an edge of the three-dimensional forming part can be connected via at least two strips to a material surrounding the at least one first area, wherein the strips are formed from the material which is located between the sections of the first area and the second area before forming.
• the at least one first region and the at least one second region can be oriented according to a degree of deformation during the forming process to create the three-dimensional molded part, wherein the at least one first region and the at least one second region can, for example, extend essentially circularly, ovally, or polygonally.
• the distance of the at least one first region and/or the at least one second region to a center point of the molded surface can remain constant or vary.
• Separating the sections in the at least one first area and the at least one second area enables the formation of surface sections with preferably several forming areas, wherein the forming areas are separated from the remaining surface section in the at least one first area and at least one second area via the sections and remain connected after forming via webs or strips forming between them.
• Separation can be achieved, for example, by punching with appropriate punching dies in a punching station located upstream of a forming station.
• a station can have a combined punching and forming tool, where the tool is designed such that, during a closing movement, the sections are first punched, and during the subsequent movement, the forming process is initiated. This also facilitates the alignment of forming areas and parts, as the forming areas are no longer displaced relative to the tool after punching.
• the process enables the formation of molded bodies with large mold depths (e.g., large mold heights) and simultaneously allows for easy transport of the surface section, whether as a track or arc, while also maintaining the positioning of mold areas, blanks, and formed molded parts across multiple stations and processing steps.
• large mold depths e.g., large mold heights
• the process for manufacturing three-dimensional molded parts allows for the formation of parts from a single surface section that exhibit no deviations from the specified form or from each other, because the position and orientation of the mold areas can be maintained and ensured throughout the entire manufacturing process. Furthermore, it is possible to form parts with more complex product geometries from a single surface section.
• FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a surface section 10 made of fibrous material, which can be used as a starting material for the production of three-dimensional molded parts 40.
• the fibrous material is a relatively dry material consisting of fibers, which are preferably of natural origin. This includes, but is not limited to, cellulose fibers.
• the moisture content of the fibrous material can be, for example, between 3 and 40% by weight, preferably between 5 and 30%, and more preferably between 7 and 20% by weight.
• the fibrous material or the surface section 10 can have at least one layer of airlaid, paper (e.g., kraft paper, crepe paper, etc.), fluff pulp, or another essentially nonwoven-like layer.
• the surface section 10 or the fibrous material can, in further embodiments, have additives and/or a coating to achieve predefined properties (barrier properties, mechanical properties, coloring, etc.).
• the surface section 10 can be fed for later processing as an endless web from a roll or as a sheet, whereby the respective feeding and dimensions of the surface section 10 may depend on the geometry of the molded parts 40 to be produced and the properties of the material.
• surface section 10 has a substantially uniform thickness or material thickness.
• the material thickness can, for example, range between 0.2 and 10 mm.
• FIG. 1 A surface section 10 is shown, which has a shaped area 20 that is separated from the remaining material by a first area 22 and a second area 26.
• the first area 22 has uniform sections 24 around its perimeter. In the In sections 24, the fibrous material is completely severed. Between sections 24, the fibrous material has webs 23, which serve as connection areas for the fibrous material between the forming area 20 and the remaining fibrous material. After forming, the webs 23 serve as connection points and must be designed and dimensioned according to the degree of forming, the material used, and the forces acting on the connection areas.
• the second area 26 has uniform sections 28 around its perimeter. In sections 28, the fibrous material is completely severed, as in sections 24.
• the fibrous material also has webs 27, which serve as connection areas for the fibrous material between the forming area 20 and the remaining fibrous material.
• the webs 27 serve as connection points and must be designed and dimensioned according to the degree of forming, the material used, and the forces acting on the connection areas.
• Sections 24 and 28 are concentric with each other and, in the illustrated embodiment, are uniformly spaced apart.
• a first region 22 and a second region 26 can have sections that are not concentric with each other and/or only partially surround a molded area 20.
• regions 22 and 26 can surround a molded area 20 with varying distances or not in a ring-like manner, with sections 24 and 28 also being oval or polygonal.
• molded areas 20 can have other planar extents, as shown in the figures.
• the material of surface section 10, which surrounds the forming area 20 and especially the first area 22, is not required for the formation of formed parts 40 and defines a holding area 11.
• the holding area 11 serves, on the one hand, to transport the surface section 10 during manufacturing and to feed it to processing stations. Furthermore, the holding area 11 enables the precise positioning of forming areas 20 for forming. In particular, when several forming areas 20 are formed simultaneously in one forming station, all forming areas 20 can assume a defined position and can also be transported together into and out of the forming station via a transport system. For example, Several forming areas 20 are assigned exactly to the cavities of a forming tool to which they are assigned.
• Sections 24 and 28 provide compensation during forming, enabling the forming area 20 to be transformed and transition from a planar extension to a three-dimensional extension, with a border 12 (see Fig. 2 ) in contrast, it is not displaced. This means that the deformation or reshaping of the forming area 20 has no effect on the holding area 11. This makes it possible to maintain the position of all parts of the surface section 10 with forming areas 20 even after forming, so that the forming areas 20 or forming parts 40 can be ejected together after forming and no individual removal is required. After forming, the surface section 10 with a large number of forming parts 40 can be removed from a forming tool together. The holding area 11 surrounding the forming parts 40 undergoes no or only negligible deformation.
• Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of area section 10 of Fig. 1 Following a forming step, the incorporation of fibrous material during forming creates tabs 30 that extend from connection areas at the webs 23 between sections 24 in the first area 22 to connection areas at the webs 27 between sections 28 in the second area 26.
• the offset arrangement of the webs 23 and 27 relative to each other enables a connection between the formed forming areas 20 or forming parts 40 and the holding area 11, whereby the position and orientation can be maintained because rotation of the forming areas 20 by the incorporation of fibrous material is prevented.
• One reason for this is that there are several connection points between the forming part 40 or forming area 20 and the holding area 11, so that displacement can only occur in one forming direction.
• the material in the forming area 20 is drawn towards the center to form a cup or a bowl. Therefore, the material intake is uniform and is laterally limited by the tabs 30 formed between sections 24 and 18.
• the fiber-reinforced material of the tabs 30 can be stretched during further deformation.
• the webs 23 and 27, and thus the length of sections 24 and 28, are positioned in areas 22 and 26 such that they are not subjected to high loads.
• the width of the webs 23 and 27, as well as the distance between sections 24 and 28, must also be determined according to the material used and the degree of deformation.
• shape areas 20 can also have other planar dimensions (e.g. oval, rectangular) and the shape of areas 22, 26 and the length of sections 24, 28 can vary. This also applies in particular to the length of sections 24, 28 of an area 22, 26 relative to each other.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of a surface section 10 made of fibrous material for the production of three-dimensional molded parts 40 after a stamping step with a plurality of forming areas 20.
• the surface section 10 shown can represent an area that can be formed simultaneously in a mold.
• Such a mold has a tool table or tool plate with a corresponding number of cavities and a corresponding tool part that presses the fibrous material of the forming areas 20 into the cavities and thereby forms it.
• the forming process is usually carried out under high pressure in the range of 100 N/ cm2 to 10,000 N/ cm2 , e.g. in the range of 400 N/ cm2 to 800 N/ cm2 , and temperatures from 80 °C to 300 °C, especially at temperatures in the range of 120 °C to 250 °C.
• the pattern shown for the individual areas corresponds to the one in Fig. 1
• the embodiment shown is possible, but may differ in other embodiments, particularly when other molded parts are to be manufactured.
• surface sections 10 with multiple or fewer forming areas 20 can be formed.
• the separation of sections 24 and 28 is generally carried out in a step preceding the forming process using a stamping tool.
• a tool can be used.
• the tool includes both cutting dies for punching or cutting sections 24 and 28, as well as forming tools (e.g., a cavity and a die).
• forming tools e.g., a cavity and a die.
• the cutting dies can, for example, extend from a tool surface so that they first come into contact with the fibrous material and cut through it in sections 24 and 28. Subsequently, the cutting dies can retract mechanically, pneumatically, or electrically, allowing further movement of the tool halves to perform forming without the cutting dies protruding into the forming area of the tool.
• Fig. 4 shows a schematic representation of area section 10 of Fig. 3 after a transformation step. Analogous to the representation of area section 10 of Fig. 3
• the position and spacing of the molded parts 40, as well as the distance between the edges 12 of the first areas 22, are shown in an exemplary embodiment. In other embodiments, the distance between the edges 12 can be significantly smaller, so that only one holding structure is provided. The distance to the edge areas of the surface section 10 can also differ from that shown in other embodiments. It is also possible to increase the distances, for example, to provide a sufficiently large holding area between the molded parts 40 or molded areas 20. The holding area allows the surface section 10 to be held away from the molded areas 20 during forming, so that no inward pull-in of the fiber-containing material is possible. Therefore, the fiber-containing material in the holding area 11 is not deformed.
• Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a process for producing three-dimensional molded parts 40 from a surface section 10 made of fiber-containing material.
• a surface section 51 made of fibrous material is provided.
• the surface section 10 can, for example, comprise kraft paper, airlaid, fluff pulp, crepe paper, nonwoven fiber material, or other fibrous material.
• the fibrous material can, in particular, comprise at least one layer of such material as described above.
• a fibrous material can be formed by several layers.
• the fibrous material can comprise cellulose fibers.
• the provision of the surface section 10 can further include a step in the production of the surface section 10, whereby fibrous material is produced from a starting material (e.g., shredding and joining (e.g., airlaid)).
• the surface section 10 can be provided as a sheet of material or as a continuous web, e.g., on a roll.
• At least one surface section 10 is inserted 52 or continuously or discontinuously (e.g., in cycles) into a punching station, where punching 53 of the surface section 10 is performed.
• Punching patterns can be introduced into the fiber-containing material, as described above in various configurations.
• Punching patterns surround forming areas 20 for subsequent forming 54 over at least one first area 22 and at least one second area 26, each of which has sections 24, 28.
• After punching 53, at least one surface section 10 has completely severed sections 24, 28 in areas 22, 26.
• forming 54 takes place, whereby the previously punched surface section 10 is formed either in a combined punching and forming tool or in a forming tool downstream of the punching station.
• forming areas 20 are transformed, whereby the fibrous material is transformed from its essentially planar extent into a three-dimensional shape by means of a forming tool 60.
• a compensating movement must be provided in the surface section 10 due to the slippage or pulling of the fibrous material during forming. This compensating movement is achieved by releasing the fibrous material previously separated in sections 24 and 28.
• the connection between a holding area 11 of the fibrous material in surface section 10 and the forming area 20, which is transformed into a molded part 40, remains only in connection areas or webs 23 and 27, which are connected to each other via tabs 30.
• the tabs 30 allow a displacement of the forming area 20 without causing compression, stretching or elongation of the fiber-containing material, particularly in the holding area 11, so that the position and orientation of all forming areas 20 in a forming tool for the simultaneous forming of several forming areas 20 in a surface section 10 remains unchanged.
• the fiber-containing material is only formed in the forming area 20 and is forced through the forming tool under high pressure and temperature between The mold surfaces are pressed together in a cavity of the mold tool. Only the fiber-containing material in mold area 20 can be partially compressed, stretched, and expanded.
• the formed part 55 of the molded area 20 or the molded parts 40 are ejected, whereby the ejection 55 of molded parts 40 of a surface section 10 occurs simultaneously.
• the holding area 11 is not formed, compressed, or stretched, so that a feed mechanism for the forming process does not need to be considered.
• a feed through the stations (at least punching, forming, etc.) of a molding system can be achieved via rollers, grippers, tongs, or clamps.
• Further processing 56 can include, for example, printing, filling, coating, etc.
• 57 of the molded parts 40 are separated from the surface section 10 in a further punching station using a punching tool, whereby the connection via the tabs 30 between the molded parts 40 and the holding area 11 is severed.
• the separation takes place in the connection areas of the webs 27, so that fiber material does not protrude from the finished product.
• an edge of the molded parts 40 can be punched, whereby an outer circumferential edge area is completely separated.
• FIG. 6 Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of a section of a forming tool 60 during the forming of fibrous material.
• the forming tool 60 has a first lower tool part 62 with at least one cavity 64 and an upper second tool part 68 with a forming punch 69, wherein during forming 54 the fibrous material is compressed between the forming surfaces of the cavity 64 and the forming punch 69.
• At least the upper tool part 68 or the lower tool part 62 can be heated by a heating device (not shown) in order to achieve or support the bonding of the fibrous material during compression for forming.
• a forming tool 60 can in particular have several cavities 64 and corresponding forming dies 69, so that several molded parts 40 can be produced simultaneously in a pressing operation.
• the upper tool part 68 has clamping areas 67 which serve to hold the fibrous material in holding areas 11 when the forming tool 60 is closed, so that there is no displacement or deformation of the fibrous material there.
• the tabs 30 are located outside the cavity 64 when the forming tool 60 is closed and in the closed state.
• the tabs 30 are not clamped during forming and closing of the forming tool 60, allowing them to perform a compensating movement.
• cavities 64 can have areas for the tabs 30, as shown by the dashed lines.
• the mold 60 can, for example, be installed in a fiber molding plant for the production of three-dimensional products from a fibrous material.
• the fiber molding plant can produce products that are biodegradable and can themselves serve as raw material for the production of three-dimensional molded parts 40 from a fibrous material and can be composted, because they can generally be completely decomposed and do not contain any hazardous substances.
• Molded parts 40 can be designed, for example, as cups, lids, bowls, capsules, plates, and other molded and/or packaging parts (e.g., as holders/support structures for electronic or other devices).
• a fiber molding plant can have additional stations and equipment. For example, a supply for fibrous material can be provided. In further embodiments, a mill can be provided for the comminution of a raw material and for the separation of fibers, which are then further processed as a surface section 10.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Forests & Forestry (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
• Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

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