ES2126336T3 - Catalizadores basados en bora-benceno para la polimerizacion de olefinas. - Google Patents

Catalizadores basados en bora-benceno para la polimerizacion de olefinas.

Info

Publication number
ES2126336T3
ES2126336T3 ES95943891T ES95943891T ES2126336T3 ES 2126336 T3 ES2126336 T3 ES 2126336T3 ES 95943891 T ES95943891 T ES 95943891T ES 95943891 T ES95943891 T ES 95943891T ES 2126336 T3 ES2126336 T3 ES 2126336T3
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
sub
bora
olefins
benzene
polymerization
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
ES95943891T
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Ramesh Krishnamurti
Sandor Nagy
Bradley P Etherton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Equistar Chemicals LP
Original Assignee
Equistar Chemicals LP
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Equistar Chemicals LP filed Critical Equistar Chemicals LP
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of ES2126336T3 publication Critical patent/ES2126336T3/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/646Catalysts comprising at least two different metals, in metallic form or as compounds thereof, in addition to the component covered by group C08F4/64
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/6592Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
    • C08F4/65922Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not
    • C08F4/65925Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring containing at least two cyclopentadienyl rings, fused or not two cyclopentadienyl rings being mutually non-bridged
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F17/00Metallocenes
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F10/00Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F110/00Homopolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F110/02Ethene
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F210/00Copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
    • C08F210/16Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/65912Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F4/00Polymerisation catalysts
    • C08F4/42Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors
    • C08F4/44Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides
    • C08F4/60Metals; Metal hydrides; Metallo-organic compounds; Use thereof as catalyst precursors selected from light metals, zinc, cadmium, mercury, copper, silver, gold, boron, gallium, indium, thallium, rare earths or actinides together with refractory metals, iron group metals, platinum group metals, manganese, rhenium technetium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/62Refractory metals or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/64Titanium, zirconium, hafnium or compounds thereof
    • C08F4/659Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond
    • C08F4/6592Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond containing at least one cyclopentadienyl ring, condensed or not, e.g. an indenyl or a fluorenyl ring
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10STECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S526/00Synthetic resins or natural rubbers -- part of the class 520 series
    • Y10S526/943Polymerization with metallocene catalysts

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

SE PRESENTA UN CATALIZADOR QUE TIENE LA FORMULA GENERAL (I), EN LA QUE Q ES UN LIGANDO QUE CONTIENE EL ANILLO (II), R ES HIDROGENO, N(R''){SUB,2}, OR'', O R'', CADA R'' SE SELECCIONA, INDEPENDIENTEMENTE, DEL ALKILO DE C{SUB,1} A C{SUB,10}, ARILO DE C{SUB,6} A C{SUB,15}, ALCARILO DE C{SUB,7} A C{SUB,15} Y ARALQUILO DE C{SUB,7} A C{SUB,15}, CADA X SE SELECCIONA, INDEPENDIENTEMENTE, DEL HIDROGENO, HALOGENO, ALCOXI DE C{SUB,1} A C{SUB,10}, DIALQUILAMINO DE C{SUB,1} A C{SUB,10}, METILO, (III), CADA R{SUB,1} SE SELECCIONA, INDEPENDIENTEMENTE, DEL HALOGENO, ALCOXI DE C{SUB,1} A C{SUB,10}, Y R'', L ES (IV), (V), (VI) (VII), (VIII), Q, O X, DONDE CON L SE PUEDE ESTABLECER UN PUENTE A Q, B ES UNA BASE OPCIONAL, "N" ES DE 0 A 5, Y M ES TITANIO, ZIRCONIO O HAFNIO.
ES95943891T 1995-01-17 1995-12-20 Catalizadores basados en bora-benceno para la polimerizacion de olefinas. Expired - Lifetime ES2126336T3 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US08/373,814 US5554775A (en) 1995-01-17 1995-01-17 Borabenzene based olefin polymerization catalysts

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES2126336T3 true ES2126336T3 (es) 1999-03-16

Family

ID=23473987

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES95943891T Expired - Lifetime ES2126336T3 (es) 1995-01-17 1995-12-20 Catalizadores basados en bora-benceno para la polimerizacion de olefinas.

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (2) US5554775A (es)
EP (1) EP0804490B1 (es)
JP (1) JPH11501339A (es)
KR (1) KR19980702204A (es)
CN (1) CN1118479C (es)
AU (1) AU692985B2 (es)
BR (1) BR9510293A (es)
CA (1) CA2210496C (es)
DE (1) DE69503070T2 (es)
ES (1) ES2126336T3 (es)
FI (1) FI119735B (es)
TW (1) TW338045B (es)
WO (1) WO1996023004A2 (es)

Families Citing this family (215)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TW330217B (en) 1994-12-20 1998-04-21 Kimberly Clark Co Low gauge films and film/nonwoven laminates
US6309736B1 (en) 1994-12-20 2001-10-30 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Low gauge films and film/nonwoven laminates
ZA9510604B (en) 1994-12-20 1996-07-03 Kimberly Clark Co Low gauge films and film/nonwoven laminates
US6228958B1 (en) 1995-04-25 2001-05-08 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Azaborolinyl metal complexes as olefin polymerization catalysts
JPH11504361A (ja) * 1995-04-25 1999-04-20 ライオンデル ペトロケミカル カンパニー オレフィンの重合の触媒としてのアザボロリニル金属錯体
KR19990028461A (ko) * 1995-06-28 1999-04-15 알베르투스 빌헬무스 요아네스 ㅔ스트라텐 유기금속 화합물을 포함한 촉매 조성물
EP0784062A3 (en) * 1995-12-15 1998-04-22 Union Carbide Chemicals & Plastics Technology Corporation Process for production of long-chain branched polyolefins
KR19990076684A (ko) * 1995-12-22 1999-10-15 타르고르 게엠베하 전이 금속 화합물
US6291695B1 (en) 1996-02-20 2001-09-18 Northwestern University Organo-Lewis acids of enhanced utility, uses thereof, and products based thereon
US6274752B1 (en) 1996-02-20 2001-08-14 Northwestern University Organo-Lewis acid as cocatalyst for cationic homogeneous Ziegler-Natta olefin polymerizations
EP0889897B1 (en) * 1996-03-27 2002-07-03 The Dow Chemical Company Heterocyclic metal complexes and olefin polymerization process
KR20000005128A (ko) 1996-03-29 2000-01-25 그레이스 스티븐 에스. 메탈로센 조촉매
WO1997049738A1 (en) * 1996-06-24 1997-12-31 The Dow Chemical Company Incorporation of functionalized comonomers in polyolefins
US6130302A (en) 1996-08-19 2000-10-10 Northwestern University Synthesis and use of (polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium and indium
US6262200B1 (en) 1996-08-19 2001-07-17 Northwestern University (Polyfluoroaryl)fluoroanions of aluminum, gallium, and indium of enhanced utility, uses thereof, and products based thereon
US6451938B1 (en) 1997-02-25 2002-09-17 Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymerization catalyst system comprising heterocyclic fused cyclopentadienide ligands
US6909028B1 (en) 1997-09-15 2005-06-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Stable breathable elastic garments
US6045900A (en) 1997-09-15 2000-04-04 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Breathable filled film laminate
DE19757218A1 (de) * 1997-12-22 1999-06-24 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung von Elastomeren
JP2002517571A (ja) 1998-06-12 2002-06-18 ユニベーション・テクノロジーズ・エルエルシー 活性化されたルイス酸−塩基錯体を使用するオレフィン重合方法
BR9912124A (pt) * 1998-07-16 2001-09-25 Univation Tech Llc Co-catalisadores de ácido de lewis à base de alumìnio para a polimerização de olefina
CA2243775C (en) * 1998-07-21 2007-06-12 Nova Chemicals Ltd. Phosphinimine/heteroatom catalyst component
US6114270A (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-09-05 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Polymerization-stable anionic ancillary ligand containing alkylimido catalysts and method of using the same
US6121181A (en) * 1998-08-07 2000-09-19 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Cyclic oligomeric oxo- and imido- metal complexes as olefin polymerization catalysts
US5914408A (en) * 1998-08-07 1999-06-22 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization catalysts containing benzothiazole
US6008394A (en) * 1998-08-07 1999-12-28 Arco Chemicals Technology, L.P. Sulfonyl catalysts and method of using the same
CA2245375C (en) 1998-08-19 2006-08-15 Nova Chemicals Ltd. Dual reactor polyethylene process using a phosphinimine catalyst
CA2247703C (en) 1998-09-22 2007-04-17 Nova Chemicals Ltd. Dual reactor ethylene polymerization process
US6454989B1 (en) 1998-11-12 2002-09-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process of making a crimped multicomponent fiber web
US6723669B1 (en) * 1999-12-17 2004-04-20 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Fine multicomponent fiber webs and laminates thereof
DE19903695A1 (de) * 1999-02-01 2000-08-03 Elenac Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Polyolefinen mit breiter Molekulargewichtsverteilung
US6180552B1 (en) 1999-04-07 2001-01-30 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Transition metal complexes containing neutral, multidentate azacyclic ligands
US6204216B1 (en) 1999-04-15 2001-03-20 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Olefin polymerization catalysts containing amine derivatives
US6201076B1 (en) 1999-04-29 2001-03-13 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Olefin polymerization process with fatty amine additives for improved activity and reduced fouling
US6127484A (en) * 1999-04-29 2000-10-03 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization process
US6020493A (en) * 1999-05-06 2000-02-01 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Single-site catalyst preparation
US6211311B1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2001-04-03 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Supported olefin polymerization catalysts
US6265504B1 (en) * 1999-09-22 2001-07-24 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Preparation of ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene
US6194527B1 (en) 1999-09-22 2001-02-27 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Process for making polyolefins
CA2285723C (en) 1999-10-07 2009-09-15 Nova Chemicals Corporation Multimodal polyolefin pipe
US6777056B1 (en) 1999-10-13 2004-08-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Regionally distinct nonwoven webs
US6613704B1 (en) * 1999-10-13 2003-09-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Continuous filament composite nonwoven webs
US6232260B1 (en) 1999-10-14 2001-05-15 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Single-site catalysts for olefin polymerization
US6228959B1 (en) 1999-10-15 2001-05-08 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Single-site catalysts containing homoaromatic ligands
US6794024B1 (en) 1999-11-01 2004-09-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Styrenic block copolymer breathable elastomeric films
US6479154B1 (en) 1999-11-01 2002-11-12 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Coextruded, elastomeric breathable films, process for making same and articles made therefrom
US6294626B1 (en) * 1999-11-15 2001-09-25 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization catalysts containing modified boraaryl ligands
US6281155B1 (en) 1999-11-19 2001-08-28 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Supported olefin polymerization catalysts
US6281306B1 (en) 1999-12-16 2001-08-28 Univation Technologies, Llc Method of polymerization
US6340771B1 (en) 1999-12-22 2002-01-22 Nova Chemicals (International) S. A. “Sweet” MAO
US6239239B1 (en) 2000-02-17 2001-05-29 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Quinolinoxy and pyridinoxy single-site catalysts containing benzyl ligands
US6255415B1 (en) * 2000-02-29 2001-07-03 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Ethylene polymerization process
US6476165B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2002-11-05 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization process using fatty amine additives and boron-modified supported catalyst
US6498221B1 (en) * 2000-03-30 2002-12-24 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Single-site catalysts containing chelating N-oxide ligands
US6444765B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-09-03 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization process for producing broad MWD polymers
US6812304B2 (en) 2000-06-14 2004-11-02 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Process for producing improved premixed supported boraaryl catalysts
US6403736B1 (en) 2000-06-14 2002-06-11 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Ethylene polymerization process
US6414099B1 (en) 2000-10-18 2002-07-02 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Single-site catalysts based on caged diimide ligands
US6982231B1 (en) 2000-10-27 2006-01-03 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Elastomeric, breathable laminate with enhanced breathability upon extension
US6660678B1 (en) 2000-11-21 2003-12-09 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Single-site catalysts for olefin polymerization
US6583082B2 (en) * 2000-12-01 2003-06-24 The Governors Of The University Of Alberta Functional organic particles for catalyst supports
US6582810B2 (en) 2000-12-22 2003-06-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. One-step method of producing an elastic, breathable film structure
US6410764B1 (en) 2001-01-18 2002-06-25 Equistar Chemicals, L.P. Method for preparation of boratabenzene derivatives
CA2334049C (en) 2001-02-02 2010-03-23 Nova Chemicals Corporation Halosulfonic acid treated catalyst support for olefin polymerization
US6673882B2 (en) 2001-02-12 2004-01-06 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Supported single-site catalysts useful for olefin polymerization
CA2338094C (en) 2001-02-23 2009-09-15 Nova Chemicals Corporation Catalyst for olefin polymerization
US6541578B2 (en) 2001-03-22 2003-04-01 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Increased space-time yield in gas phase polymerization
US6664349B2 (en) 2001-03-29 2003-12-16 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Ethylene polymerization process
US6414162B1 (en) 2001-04-05 2002-07-02 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Bimetallic catalysts for olefin polymerization
US6579957B2 (en) 2001-04-11 2003-06-17 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Single-site catalysts based on anionic thiopyran dioxide ligands
US6391988B1 (en) 2001-04-18 2002-05-21 Equistar Chemicals L.P. Tris(pyrazoyl) based anions
US6583240B2 (en) 2001-05-23 2003-06-24 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Ethylene polymerization process
US6759361B2 (en) * 2001-06-04 2004-07-06 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Aluminoboronate activators for single-site olefin polymerization catalysts
US6489414B1 (en) * 2001-06-06 2002-12-03 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Chelating pyrimidines as ligands for single-site olefin polymerization catalysts
US6544918B1 (en) 2001-07-17 2003-04-08 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization catalysts containing chelating dianionic ligands
US6583242B2 (en) 2001-08-02 2003-06-24 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Supported olefin polymerization catalysts
US6562973B1 (en) 2001-08-15 2003-05-13 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Method for making late transition metal catalysts for olefin polymerization
CA2364756A1 (en) 2001-12-10 2003-06-10 Nova Chemicals Corporation Catalyst activator
US6586545B1 (en) 2001-12-20 2003-07-01 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Complexes based on four-membered cyclic anionic six-electron-donor ligands
US6596826B1 (en) 2001-12-20 2003-07-22 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization catalysts containing 1,3-diboretanyl ligands
US6780807B2 (en) 2002-02-04 2004-08-24 Equistar Chemicals L.P. Acyclic anionic six-electron-donor ancillary ligands
US6689848B2 (en) 2002-03-04 2004-02-10 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Late transition metal polymerization catalysts
CA2480006A1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-23 Hong Yang Azaborolyl group 4 metal complexes, catalysts and olefin polymerization process
US6908972B2 (en) 2002-04-16 2005-06-21 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Method for making polyolefins
US7094723B2 (en) * 2002-04-18 2006-08-22 Equistar Chemicals Lp Catalysts containing at least one heterocyclic ligand for improving the catalysts' performance of olefin polymerization
US6642326B1 (en) 2002-05-03 2003-11-04 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Use of silanes to enhance activity in single-site polymerizations
US6630547B1 (en) 2002-06-11 2003-10-07 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Use of silanes to control molecular weight in olefin polymerizations
US20040002273A1 (en) * 2002-07-01 2004-01-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Liquid repellent nonwoven protective material
US6559251B1 (en) 2002-08-02 2003-05-06 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Process for making low-density polyolefins
US6896843B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2005-05-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of making a web which is extensible in at least one direction
US6881375B2 (en) * 2002-08-30 2005-04-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method of forming a 3-dimensional fiber into a web
US6677038B1 (en) 2002-08-30 2004-01-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. 3-dimensional fiber and a web made therefrom
CA2405241C (en) * 2002-09-24 2011-07-26 Nova Chemicals Corporation Olefin polymerization catalyst system
US6765074B2 (en) 2002-09-27 2004-07-20 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization process
ES2394304T3 (es) 2002-10-15 2013-01-30 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents, Inc. Sistema de múltiples catalizadores para la polimerización de olefinas y polímeros producidos a partir de éstos
US7223822B2 (en) 2002-10-15 2007-05-29 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Multiple catalyst and reactor system for olefin polymerization and polymers produced therefrom
US6630548B1 (en) 2002-11-01 2003-10-07 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Static reduction
US20040102123A1 (en) * 2002-11-21 2004-05-27 Bowen Uyles Woodrow High strength uniformity nonwoven laminate and process therefor
US6989125B2 (en) * 2002-11-21 2006-01-24 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process of making a nonwoven web
US6841500B2 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-01-11 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Bimetallic indenoindolyl catalysts
US7666410B2 (en) 2002-12-20 2010-02-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Delivery system for functional compounds
US7582308B2 (en) 2002-12-23 2009-09-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Odor control composition
US20040231914A1 (en) * 2003-01-02 2004-11-25 3M Innovative Properties Company Low thickness sound absorptive multilayer composite
US7320739B2 (en) * 2003-01-02 2008-01-22 3M Innovative Properties Company Sound absorptive multilayer composite
US20040131836A1 (en) * 2003-01-02 2004-07-08 3M Innovative Properties Company Acoustic web
US6713576B1 (en) 2003-02-25 2004-03-30 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization catalysts based on convex, polcyclic ligands
US20040176241A1 (en) * 2003-03-04 2004-09-09 Sandor Nagy Benzoindenoindolyl metal catalysts for olefin polymerization
WO2004094487A1 (en) 2003-03-21 2004-11-04 Dow Global Technologies, Inc. Morphology controlled olefin polymerization process
CA2423921A1 (en) * 2003-03-28 2004-09-28 Nova Chemicals Corporation Halogenated organic particles for catalyst supports
US6812183B1 (en) * 2003-04-23 2004-11-02 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Triple-decker catalysts based on delocalized dianionic ligands
US6774078B1 (en) 2003-04-23 2004-08-10 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization catalysts based on annulated cyclopentadienyl ligands
US6984599B2 (en) * 2003-04-23 2006-01-10 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization catalysts based on hydroxyl-depleted calixarene ligands
US6995216B2 (en) * 2003-06-16 2006-02-07 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Process for manufacturing single-site polyolefins
US6818713B1 (en) 2003-08-11 2004-11-16 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Process for making polyethylene
US7270723B2 (en) 2003-11-07 2007-09-18 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microporous breathable elastic film laminates, methods of making same, and limited use or disposable product applications
US7932196B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2011-04-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microporous stretch thinned film/nonwoven laminates and limited use or disposable product applications
US7220478B2 (en) 2003-08-22 2007-05-22 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Microporous breathable elastic films, methods of making same, and limited use or disposable product applications
US6939930B2 (en) * 2003-09-09 2005-09-06 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Hydrosilane additives for increased polyolefin molecular weight
US7005489B2 (en) * 2003-09-29 2006-02-28 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Zwitterionic Metallocycles
US6903170B2 (en) * 2003-09-29 2005-06-07 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization process using triisobutylaluminum as a scavenger
US6958377B2 (en) * 2003-10-15 2005-10-25 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization process
US7141518B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2006-11-28 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Durable charged particle coatings and materials
US7438875B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2008-10-21 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for reducing odor using metal-modified silica particles
US7754197B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2010-07-13 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for reducing odor using coordinated polydentate compounds
US7678367B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2010-03-16 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for reducing odor using metal-modified particles
US7413550B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2008-08-19 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Visual indicating device for bad breath
US7794737B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2010-09-14 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Odor absorbing extrudates
US7488520B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2009-02-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. High surface area material blends for odor reduction, articles utilizing such blends and methods of using same
US7837663B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2010-11-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Odor controlling article including a visual indicating device for monitoring odor absorption
US7879350B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2011-02-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Method for reducing odor using colloidal nanoparticles
US7582485B2 (en) 2003-10-16 2009-09-01 Kimberly-Clark Worldride, Inc. Method and device for detecting ammonia odors and helicobacter pylori urease infection
US20050118435A1 (en) * 2003-12-01 2005-06-02 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Films and methods of forming films having polyorganosiloxane enriched surface layers
US7326751B2 (en) * 2003-12-01 2008-02-05 Kimberly-Clark Worlwide, Inc. Method of thermally processing elastomeric compositions and elastomeric compositions with improved processability
US7985811B2 (en) * 2004-01-02 2011-07-26 Univation Technologies, Llc Method for controlling sheeting in gas phase reactors
US20070073012A1 (en) * 2005-09-28 2007-03-29 Pannell Richard B Method for seed bed treatment before a polymerization reaction
US20050148742A1 (en) * 2004-01-02 2005-07-07 Hagerty Robert O. Method for controlling sheeting in gas phase reactors
US6982305B2 (en) * 2004-01-26 2006-01-03 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization in the presence of a dehydrogenation catalyst
US7309741B2 (en) * 2004-06-01 2007-12-18 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Polyolefin blends and pipe
US7285595B2 (en) * 2004-06-30 2007-10-23 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Synergistic fluorochemical treatment blend
US20060003154A1 (en) * 2004-06-30 2006-01-05 Snowden Hue S Extruded thermoplastic articles with enhanced surface segregation of internal melt additive
US7402546B2 (en) * 2004-09-23 2008-07-22 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Magnesium chloride support
US7500541B2 (en) * 2004-09-30 2009-03-10 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Acoustic material with liquid repellency
US7064096B1 (en) * 2004-12-07 2006-06-20 Nova Chemicals (International) Sa Dual catalyst on a single support
US7323523B2 (en) * 2004-12-07 2008-01-29 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Adjusting polymer characteristics through process control
WO2006065651A2 (en) 2004-12-17 2006-06-22 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Rheology modified polyethylene compositions
US20060189769A1 (en) * 2005-02-22 2006-08-24 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Broad/bimodal resins with controlled comonomer distribution
CA2503461A1 (en) * 2005-04-01 2006-10-01 Nova Chemicals Corporation Modified (mao + aluminum alkyl) activator
WO2007005400A2 (en) 2005-07-01 2007-01-11 Albemarle Corporation Aluminoxanate salt compositions having improved stability in aromatic and aliphatic solvents
US7273914B2 (en) * 2005-08-03 2007-09-25 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Olefin polymerization methods
US20070060724A1 (en) * 2005-09-13 2007-03-15 Nova Chemicals Corporation And Innovene Europe Ltd. Enhanced catalyst productivity
US7531602B2 (en) * 2005-10-05 2009-05-12 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Polymer blends
US20070141352A1 (en) 2005-12-15 2007-06-21 Calhoun Patricia H Cross-directional elastic films with machine direction stiffness
US7608327B2 (en) * 2005-12-20 2009-10-27 Equistar Chemicals, Lp High tear strength film
EP1803747A1 (en) 2005-12-30 2007-07-04 Borealis Technology Oy Surface-modified polymerization catalysts for the preparation of low-gel polyolefin films
JP5306183B2 (ja) * 2006-05-02 2013-10-02 ダウ グローバル テクノロジーズ エルエルシー 高密度ポリエチレン組成物、それを作製する方法、それから作製された製品、およびそのような製品を作製する方法
US7456244B2 (en) * 2006-05-23 2008-11-25 Dow Global Technologies High-density polyethylene compositions and method of making the same
US7399809B1 (en) 2007-01-11 2008-07-15 Equistar Chemicals, Lp Modifying polyethylene made by Ziegler or single-site catalyst with free radical initiator
CN101490163A (zh) * 2007-05-02 2009-07-22 陶氏环球技术公司 高密度聚乙烯组合物、其制备方法、由其制得的注塑制品以及该制品的制备方法
CA2588352A1 (en) * 2007-05-11 2008-11-11 Nova Chemicals Corporation Method to estimate pent values
US20080289274A1 (en) * 2007-05-22 2008-11-27 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A Half panel
US7981517B2 (en) * 2007-08-28 2011-07-19 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Bituminous compositions and methods of making and using same
CA2605044C (en) * 2007-10-01 2014-12-02 Nova Chemicals Corporation Polymerization process using a mixed catalyst system
CA2605077C (en) * 2007-10-01 2014-07-08 Nova Chemicals Corporation A co-supported catalyst system
JP2009270976A (ja) * 2008-05-08 2009-11-19 Hitachi High-Technologies Corp 欠陥レビュー方法および欠陥レビュー装置
US7544825B1 (en) 2008-06-12 2009-06-09 Basell Polyolefine Gmbh Preparation of siloxy-bridged metallocenes
ES2408589T3 (es) 2008-12-18 2013-06-21 Univation Technologies, Llc Método para tratamiento de un lecho de siembra para una reacción de polimerización
US9056970B2 (en) 2009-01-30 2015-06-16 Dow Global Technologies Llc High-density polyethylene compositions, method of producing the same, closure devices made therefrom, and method of making such closure devices
US20100239796A1 (en) * 2009-03-23 2010-09-23 Gagne Joseph Donald Lap sealable laminate and packaging made therefrom
CA2713042C (en) 2010-08-11 2017-10-24 Nova Chemicals Corporation Method of controlling polymer architecture
CN103380154B (zh) 2010-11-22 2016-08-24 阿尔比马尔公司 活化剂组合物、其制备及其在催化中的用途
CA2724943A1 (en) 2010-12-10 2012-06-10 Nova Chemicals Corporation Catalyst activation in a dual reactor process
US8895126B2 (en) 2010-12-31 2014-11-25 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Segmented films with high strength seams
CA2736443C (en) 2011-04-06 2018-07-10 Nova Chemicals Corporation Improved reactor continuity
CA2736685C (en) 2011-04-07 2018-07-10 Nova Chemicals Corporation Supported phosphinimine-heteroligand catalyst systems
CA2736674C (en) 2011-04-07 2018-05-01 Nova Chemicals Corporation Supported phosphinimine catalyst systems
CA2739969C (en) 2011-05-11 2018-08-21 Nova Chemicals Corporation Improving reactor operability in a gas phase polymerization process
US9321859B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2016-04-26 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Modified phosphinimine catalysts for olefin polymerization
US9127094B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-09-08 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Modified phosphinimine catalysts for olefin polymerization
US9315591B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2016-04-19 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Modified phosphinimine catalysts for olefin polymerization
US9243092B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2016-01-26 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Modified phosphinimine catalysts for olefin polymerization
CA2742461C (en) 2011-06-09 2018-06-12 Nova Chemicals Corporation Modified phosphinimine catalysts for olefin polymerization
US9127106B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-09-08 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Modified phosphinimine catalysts for olefin polymerization
CA2742454C (en) 2011-06-09 2018-06-12 Nova Chemicals Corporation Methods for controlling ethylene copolymer properties
US9221935B2 (en) 2011-06-09 2015-12-29 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Modified phosphinimine catalysts for olefin polymerization
US10221264B2 (en) 2012-04-27 2019-03-05 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Activator compositions, their preparation, and their use in catalysts
CA2783494C (en) 2012-07-23 2019-07-30 Nova Chemicals Corporation Adjusting polymer composition
IN2015DN03815A (es) 2012-12-28 2015-10-02 Univation Tech Llc
RU2647855C2 (ru) 2013-01-14 2018-03-21 ЮНИВЕЙШН ТЕКНОЛОДЖИЗ, ЭлЭлСи Способы получения каталитических систем с повышенной производительностью
CA2809718C (en) 2013-03-15 2020-03-24 Nova Chemicals Corporation Improved energy utilization in a solution polymerization plant
CA2827839C (en) 2013-09-19 2019-12-24 Nova Chemicals Corporation A solution polymerization process with improved energy utilization
EP3160627B1 (en) 2014-06-24 2019-02-13 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Controlling local fluid age in a stirred reactor
CA2857456C (en) 2014-07-22 2022-05-03 Nova Chemicals Corporation Improved control over particulate feed
WO2016086039A1 (en) 2014-11-25 2016-06-02 Univation Technologies, Llc Methods of controlling polyolefin melt index
CA2874344C (en) 2014-12-15 2021-08-31 Nova Chemicals Corporation Spheroidal catalyst for olefin polymerization
US20160215112A1 (en) 2015-01-23 2016-07-28 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Enhanced foam resin
EP3294781B1 (en) 2015-05-08 2021-08-04 ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymerization process
CA2891002C (en) 2015-05-13 2022-09-06 Veronica Rose Zimmerman Modeling a bed plate and its use
TW201800424A (zh) 2016-02-18 2018-01-01 努發化工(國際)公司 溶液聚合法
WO2018063764A1 (en) 2016-09-27 2018-04-05 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymerization process
WO2018063765A1 (en) 2016-09-27 2018-04-05 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymerization process
WO2018063767A1 (en) 2016-09-27 2018-04-05 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymerization process
WO2018118155A1 (en) 2016-12-20 2018-06-28 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polymerization process
WO2019086987A1 (en) 2017-11-06 2019-05-09 Nova Chemicals (International) S.A. Polyolefin preparation process
WO2019118073A1 (en) 2017-12-13 2019-06-20 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Deactivation methods for active components from gas phase polyolefin polymerization process
WO2019173030A1 (en) 2018-03-08 2019-09-12 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Methods of preparing and monitoring a seed bed for polymerization reactor startup
US11459408B2 (en) 2018-05-02 2022-10-04 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Methods for scale-up from a pilot plant to a larger production facility
US11447587B2 (en) 2018-05-02 2022-09-20 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Methods for scale-up from a pilot plant to a larger production facility
WO2020014138A1 (en) 2018-07-09 2020-01-16 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polyethylene cast films and methods for making the same
WO2020023207A1 (en) 2018-07-26 2020-01-30 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Multilayer foam films and methods for making the same
EP3880738B1 (en) 2018-11-13 2025-03-19 ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polyethylene blends and films
EP3880739B1 (en) 2018-11-13 2025-03-19 ExxonMobil Chemical Patents Inc. Polyethylene films
WO2020163079A1 (en) 2019-02-06 2020-08-13 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Films and backsheets for hygiene articles
WO2021126458A1 (en) 2019-12-17 2021-06-24 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Films made of polyethylene blends for improved sealing performance and mechanical properties
WO2021183337A1 (en) 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Films made of polyethylene blends for improved bending stiffness and high md tear resistance
WO2022232760A1 (en) 2021-04-30 2022-11-03 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Processes for transitioning between different polymerization catalysts in a polymerization reactor

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1231774B (it) * 1989-08-03 1991-12-21 Enichem Anic Spa Catalizzatore e procedimento per la polimerizzazione e per la copolimerizzazione di alfa olefine.
US5064802A (en) * 1989-09-14 1991-11-12 The Dow Chemical Company Metal complex compounds
DE4203753A1 (de) * 1992-02-10 1993-08-12 Basf Ag Katalysatorsysteme zur polymerisation von c(pfeil abwaerts)2(pfeil abwaerts)-bis c(pfeil abwaerts)1(pfeil abwaerts)(pfeil abwaerts)0(pfeil abwaerts)-alkenen
US5468889A (en) * 1994-06-20 1995-11-21 The University Of Toledo Boryl zirconocene organic 1,1-dimetallic compounds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU692985B2 (en) 1998-06-18
DE69503070T2 (de) 1999-05-27
EP0804490B1 (en) 1998-06-17
US5554775A (en) 1996-09-10
WO1996023004A2 (en) 1996-08-01
KR19980702204A (ko) 1998-07-15
BR9510293A (pt) 1998-06-30
AU4524396A (en) 1996-08-14
WO1996023004A3 (en) 1998-01-22
TW338045B (en) 1998-08-11
FI973710A0 (fi) 1997-09-17
FI973710L (fi) 1997-09-17
CN1190407A (zh) 1998-08-12
CN1118479C (zh) 2003-08-20
EP0804490A2 (en) 1997-11-05
CA2210496C (en) 2005-09-13
US5637659A (en) 1997-06-10
FI119735B (fi) 2009-02-27
DE69503070D1 (de) 1998-07-23
CA2210496A1 (en) 1996-08-01
JPH11501339A (ja) 1999-02-02

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES2126336T3 (es) Catalizadores basados en bora-benceno para la polimerizacion de olefinas.
ES2115391T3 (es) Catalizadores y procedimiento para la polimerizacion de olefinas.
ES2124237T3 (es) Metalocenos enlazados, quirales, procedimiento para su obtencion, y su empleo como catalizadores.
ES2190131T3 (es) Metalocenos y catalizadores para la polimerizacion de olefinas.
DE69820130D1 (de) Verfahren zur Olefinpolymerisation unter stossweiser Zugabe von Wasserstoff
ES2092831T3 (es) Catalizador para la polimerizacion y copolimerizacion de olefinas.
ATE386043T1 (de) Metallocene und von ihnen abgeleitete katalysatorzusammensetzungen
NO873342L (no) Ny polymerisasjonskatalysator.
CO4410196A1 (es) Antagonistas heterociclicos de receptores de taquicininas
DE59711103D1 (de) Metallocene
DK254988D0 (da) Ny baererunderstoettet polymerisationskatalysator
ES2066302T3 (es) Componente solido de un catalizador para la (co)polimerizacion de etileno.
BR9809111A (pt) Novos intermediários e processo para sua preparação
DK1027348T3 (da) 2-(2'-hydroxyphenyl)benzotriazoler anvendt som UV-stabilisatorer
ES2135905T3 (es) Polimeros para revestimientos antiensuciamiento y un procedimiento para su preparacion.
ES2080612T3 (es) Productos indolinicos, sus procedimientos de preparacion y su empleo en cosmetica.
ATE124271T1 (de) Selbstklebendes matrixsystem für transdermal gesteuerte abgabe von piribedil.
ES2044338T3 (es) Escariador de una cuchilla.
ATE368059T1 (de) Initiatoren für carbokationische polymerisation von olefinen
BR9805004A (pt) Composição de catalisador para a polimerização de olefinas
DE69631380D1 (de) Synthetische hpv11 virusartige partikel
DE69332652D1 (de) Verbesserungen in bezug auf die herstellung von malariaimpstoffen
BR9604947A (pt) Genes que codificam polipept¡deos (lsirf) fatores reguladores de interferon linfoc¡tico
AR032373A2 (es) Intermediarios para preparar 3-(1-piperazinil)-1,2-benzoisotiazol.
ATE278683T1 (de) Thienylcyclohexan-derivte zur herstellung von thienylcyclohexylen

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FG2A Definitive protection

Ref document number: 804490

Country of ref document: ES