ES2150832B1 - Dispositivo de maniobra para la maniobra, en particular maniobra neumatica, de un embrague de friccion. - Google Patents
Dispositivo de maniobra para la maniobra, en particular maniobra neumatica, de un embrague de friccion.Info
- Publication number
- ES2150832B1 ES2150832B1 ES009700616A ES9700616A ES2150832B1 ES 2150832 B1 ES2150832 B1 ES 2150832B1 ES 009700616 A ES009700616 A ES 009700616A ES 9700616 A ES9700616 A ES 9700616A ES 2150832 B1 ES2150832 B1 ES 2150832B1
- Authority
- ES
- Spain
- Prior art keywords
- arrangement
- maneuvering
- pneumatic
- disposed
- friction clutch
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
- F16D25/12—Details not specific to one of the before-mentioned types
- F16D25/14—Fluid pressure control
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
- F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D25/00—Fluid-actuated clutches
- F16D25/08—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member
- F16D25/082—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation
- F16D25/087—Fluid-actuated clutches with fluid-actuated member not rotating with a clutching member the line of action of the fluid-actuated members co-inciding with the axis of rotation the clutch being actuated by the fluid-actuated member via a diaphragm spring or an equivalent array of levers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
- F16D48/04—Control by fluid pressure providing power assistance
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
- F16D2048/0209—Control by fluid pressure characterised by fluid valves having control pistons, e.g. spools
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
- F16D2048/0215—Control by fluid pressure for damping of pulsations within the fluid system
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D48/00—External control of clutches
- F16D48/02—Control by fluid pressure
- F16D2048/0221—Valves for clutch control systems; Details thereof
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D2300/00—Special features for couplings or clutches
- F16D2300/22—Vibration damping
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S192/00—Clutches and power-stop control
- Y10S192/01—Removable members
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)
- Arrangement And Mounting Of Devices That Control Transmission Of Motive Force (AREA)
Abstract
Dispositivo de maniobra para la maniobra, en particular maniobra neumática, de un embrague de fricción (2) dispuesto en la cadena de accionamiento de un vehículo automóvil, que comprende una disposición de servoposicionado (74, 52) con una disposición de cilindro de fuerza neumático (56) que actúa sobre una disposición de cojinete de desembrague (48), cuya disposición se puede maniobrar mediante una válvula de control (74) unida con una fuente neumática en función de una magnitud guía representativa de una posición prescrita y de una magnitud actual representativa de la posición axial de la disposición de cojinete de desembrague. Se propone que la disposición de cilindro de fuerza neumático (56) esté dispuesta dentro de la campana envolvente (4), y que la válvula (74) esté dispuesta fuera de la campana envolvente (4) o al menos parcialmente dentro de la campana envolvente, pero que en caso de estar la campana envolvente unida con el motor de combustión Interna sea accesible y/o desmontabledesde fuera. (Figura 1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19623373 | 1996-06-12 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2150832A1 ES2150832A1 (es) | 2000-12-01 |
| ES2150832B1 true ES2150832B1 (es) | 2001-06-16 |
Family
ID=7796697
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES009700616A Expired - Fee Related ES2150832B1 (es) | 1996-06-12 | 1997-03-21 | Dispositivo de maniobra para la maniobra, en particular maniobra neumatica, de un embrague de friccion. |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6116399A (es) |
| JP (1) | JP3434669B2 (es) |
| BR (1) | BR9703786A (es) |
| DE (1) | DE19716600A1 (es) |
| ES (1) | ES2150832B1 (es) |
| FR (1) | FR2749894B1 (es) |
| GB (1) | GB2314137B (es) |
Families Citing this family (93)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE19714226A1 (de) * | 1997-04-07 | 1998-10-08 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für die Betätigung, insbesondere pneumatische Betätigung einer Reibungskupplung |
| ES2186446B1 (es) * | 1998-01-07 | 2004-11-16 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Dispositivo para el accionamiento, en especial para el accionamiento neumatico de un embrague de friccion. |
| DE19819970B4 (de) * | 1998-05-05 | 2009-01-02 | Zf Sachs Ag | Kupplungsausrückvorrichtung insbesondere für Kraftfahrzeuge |
| DE19822285A1 (de) | 1998-05-18 | 1999-11-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Ausrückanordnung für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Reibungskupplung |
| DE19835574A1 (de) * | 1998-08-06 | 2000-02-10 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für pneumatische Kupplungsbetätigung mit Überlast- oder/und Fehlbedienungsschutz |
| DE19945806A1 (de) * | 1998-11-19 | 2000-05-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung |
| DE19911035B4 (de) * | 1999-03-12 | 2009-02-26 | Zf Sachs Ag | Reibungskupplung |
| DE19943339A1 (de) * | 1999-09-10 | 2001-03-15 | Rohs Voigt Patentverwertungsge | Ausrückevorrichtung, insbesondere für eine Kupplung |
| DE19946678A1 (de) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-19 | Knorr Bremse Systeme | Hydropneumatischer Kraftverstärker, insbesondere Kupplungskraftverstärker und darauf aufgebautes Kupplungssystem sowie hierfür geeignetes Verfahren |
| DE19958874A1 (de) | 1999-12-07 | 2001-06-13 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für die Betätigung, insbesondere pneumatische Betätigung einer Reibungskupplung |
| FR2804184B1 (fr) * | 2000-01-25 | 2002-05-17 | Valeo | Embrayage a friction comportant un plateau de reaction portant un rotor d'une machine electrique tournante, notamment pour vehicule automobile, l'encombrement radial dudit embrayage etant reduit |
| DE10005086A1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2001-08-09 | Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen | Getriebe mit zentraler Kupplungsausrückung |
| DE10018630A1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Kraftfahrzeug-Reibungskupplung |
| DE10018678B4 (de) * | 2000-04-14 | 2017-10-19 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für einen Antriebsstrang |
| DE10018649A1 (de) * | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Reibungskupplung |
| US6536573B2 (en) | 2000-04-14 | 2003-03-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Clutch actuation system with auxiliary actuating assembly |
| DE10018633A1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-25 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Reibungskupplung |
| DE10018677A1 (de) | 2000-04-14 | 2001-10-18 | Mannesmann Sachs Ag | Kupplungssystem mit einer Reibungskupplung und einer zugehörigen Betätigungseinrichtung |
| DE10138722C5 (de) * | 2000-08-17 | 2017-05-24 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Antriebsstrang |
| DE10215168A1 (de) * | 2000-10-06 | 2003-10-16 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kraftfahrzeugantriebsstrang mit einer Kupplungsglocke |
| US6637555B2 (en) | 2001-03-02 | 2003-10-28 | Delphi Technologies, Inc. | Pneumatic connections for vehicle suspensions |
| EP2345720A3 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2012-01-25 | University of Massachusetts | In vivo production of small interfering RNAs that mediate gene silencing |
| EP1900815B1 (en) | 2001-07-12 | 2016-09-07 | University of Massachusetts | In vivo production of small interfering RNAs that mediate gene silencing |
| NO316468B1 (no) * | 2001-08-23 | 2004-01-26 | Kongsberg Automotive Asa | Clutchanordning |
| AU2002332746A1 (en) * | 2001-09-05 | 2003-03-18 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Strained ring compounds as combustion improvers for normally liquid fuels |
| FR2830586B1 (fr) * | 2001-10-08 | 2004-07-09 | Valeo | Embrayage, en particulier pour vehicule automobile, a commande pneumatique |
| DE10157264B4 (de) * | 2001-11-22 | 2004-01-29 | Zf Sachs Ag | Druckmittelzylinder und seine Befestigung in einem Fahrzeug |
| DE10161205A1 (de) * | 2001-12-13 | 2003-06-26 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Kraftfahrzeugantriebsstrang mit einer geschlossenen Kupplungsglocke |
| EP2261250B1 (en) | 2001-12-21 | 2015-07-01 | Human Genome Sciences, Inc. | GCSF-Albumin fusion proteins |
| DE10224106B4 (de) * | 2002-05-29 | 2006-11-30 | Zf Sachs Ag | Kupplungsbetätigungseinrichtung |
| DE10253023A1 (de) * | 2002-11-14 | 2004-05-27 | Zf Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung mit Wegsteuerung |
| DE10257866A1 (de) * | 2002-12-11 | 2004-07-08 | Knorr-Bremse Systeme für Nutzfahrzeuge GmbH | Druckgesteuerte Reibungskupplung |
| DE10307864A1 (de) * | 2003-02-25 | 2004-09-02 | Zf Sachs Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung, insbesondere für eine Fahrzeugkupplung |
| DK1633767T3 (en) | 2003-06-02 | 2019-03-25 | Univ Massachusetts | METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS FOR MANAGING THE EFFECT OF RNA SILENCING |
| DE10349171A1 (de) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-05-19 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Reibungskupplung |
| DE102004032082B4 (de) * | 2003-10-22 | 2014-01-23 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Kupplung |
| DE10349173A1 (de) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-05-19 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Betätigungseinrichtung für eine Kupplung |
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| DE102005047930A1 (de) | 2005-10-06 | 2007-04-12 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Kupplungsvorrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs |
| DE102005048950B3 (de) * | 2005-10-13 | 2007-05-03 | Zf Friedrichshafen Ag | Schaltventil zur Kupplungsbetätigung |
| US7481150B2 (en) | 2006-08-29 | 2009-01-27 | Compact Automation Products, Llc | Fluid cylinder for high temperature applications |
| US8151772B2 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2012-04-10 | Brp-Powertrain Gmbh & Co. Kg | Supercharged engine |
| DE112009001566A5 (de) * | 2008-07-21 | 2011-03-31 | Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg | Nehmerzylinder |
| DE102009034401B4 (de) | 2008-08-11 | 2019-07-04 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Kupplungsausrücksystem |
| DE102008055682C5 (de) | 2008-10-28 | 2017-11-02 | Getrag Getriebe- Und Zahnradfabrik Hermann Hagenmeyer Gmbh & Cie Kg | Doppelkupplung mit stehendem Kolben und verbesserten Einrücklagern |
| DE102009056378B4 (de) * | 2008-12-22 | 2019-05-23 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Kupplungsbetätigungssystem |
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| CN108404123A (zh) | 2010-01-15 | 2018-08-17 | 康奈尔大学 | 降低细胞内蛋白质水平的方法 |
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| US8474586B2 (en) * | 2010-10-18 | 2013-07-02 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC | Clutch actuation assembly with satellite pistons |
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| AU2012312520A1 (en) | 2011-09-20 | 2014-05-08 | The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill | Regulation of sodium channels by PLUNC proteins |
| CN102756638B (zh) * | 2012-06-29 | 2016-01-20 | 郑州宇通客车股份有限公司 | 具有跛行功能的离合器控制系统及使用该系统的客车 |
| DE102013217592B4 (de) | 2012-09-05 | 2022-09-22 | Volvo Truck Corp. | Betätigungsvorrichtung zum Betätigen einer Kupplung für ein Fahrzeug |
| DE202013002022U1 (de) * | 2013-03-01 | 2013-06-07 | GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Ges. d. Staates Delaware) | Ausrückanordnung für eine Kraftfahrzeugkupplung |
| JP6576904B2 (ja) | 2013-04-04 | 2019-09-18 | トラスティーズ・オブ・ダートマス・カレッジ | HIV−1プロウイルスDNAのinvivo切除のための組成物及び方法 |
| EP2876322A3 (de) * | 2013-11-22 | 2016-04-20 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Ausrückvorrichtung |
| DE102014222138A1 (de) * | 2013-11-22 | 2015-05-28 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Ausrückvorrichtung |
| CN106471270B (zh) | 2014-06-17 | 2019-05-10 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | 改进的离合器控制 |
| PL3265568T3 (pl) | 2015-03-06 | 2020-11-30 | Massachusetts Eye & Ear Infirmary | Terapie augmentacji genów w przypadku wrodzonego zwyrodnienia siatkówki spowodowanego mutacjami genu prpf31 |
| WO2017066712A2 (en) | 2015-10-16 | 2017-04-20 | The Children's Medical Center Corporation | Modulators of telomere disease |
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| AU2016355178B9 (en) | 2015-11-19 | 2019-05-30 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Lymphocyte antigen CD5-like (CD5L)-interleukin 12B (p40) heterodimers in immunity |
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| EP3405576A4 (en) | 2016-01-19 | 2019-09-18 | The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | METHOD AND COMPOSITIONS WITH RNA INTERFERENCE FOR KRAS INHIBITION |
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| JP7698525B2 (ja) * | 2021-09-01 | 2025-06-25 | 株式会社エクセディ | 制御バルブ |
| JP7709342B2 (ja) * | 2021-09-01 | 2025-07-16 | 株式会社エクセディ | 制御バルブ |
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| US4419923A (en) * | 1979-07-17 | 1983-12-13 | Nisshin Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Toggle assembly for vehicles or cars |
| FR2506876A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-26 | 1982-12-03 | Daikin Mfg Co Ltd | Embrayage pneumatique pour vehicules automobiles, notamment pour poids lourds |
| GB2121504B (en) * | 1982-05-28 | 1985-09-18 | Automotive Products Plc | Hydraulic slave cylinder for clutch release |
| DE3319899A1 (de) * | 1983-06-01 | 1984-12-06 | FAG Kugelfischer Georg Schäfer KGaA, 8720 Schweinfurt | Pneumatischer kupplungsverstaerker |
| DE3321578A1 (de) * | 1983-06-15 | 1984-12-20 | Sachs Systemtechnik Gmbh, 8720 Schweinfurt | Steuerbarer antrieb fuer eine kraftfahrzeug-reibungskupplung |
| JPS6117536A (ja) * | 1984-07-03 | 1986-01-25 | Japan Synthetic Rubber Co Ltd | ベンゾフエノンテトラカルボン酸の製造方法 |
| JPS62246631A (ja) * | 1986-04-18 | 1987-10-27 | Jidosha Kiki Co Ltd | クラツチ操作装置 |
| JPS6339036A (ja) * | 1986-08-01 | 1988-02-19 | Nec Corp | パイプライン処理方式 |
| JPH0710059B2 (ja) * | 1986-09-16 | 1995-02-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | デイジタル多重化装置 |
| US4860868A (en) * | 1987-03-11 | 1989-08-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Daikin Seisakusho | Air pressure control valve of an air clutch |
| JPH07103895B2 (ja) * | 1987-03-27 | 1995-11-08 | 自動車機器株式会社 | クラツチ操作装置 |
| KR920008024B1 (ko) * | 1989-01-26 | 1992-09-21 | 구보다 덱꼬 가부시끼가이샤 | 변속 조작 구조 |
| US5133439A (en) * | 1991-02-01 | 1992-07-28 | Rms Engineering, Inc. | Fluid pressure actuated actuator mechanism for clutches and the like |
| FR2698931B1 (fr) * | 1992-12-09 | 1995-02-10 | Valeo | Dispositif de débrayage à actionneur hydraulique, notamment pour action en traction sur la pièce d'accostage d'un embrayage. |
| DE4407648C2 (de) * | 1994-03-08 | 1997-09-04 | Volkswagen Ag | Vorrichtung zum Erfassen der Position eines Stellelementes |
| US5526515A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1996-06-11 | Taligent, Inc. | Hardware-driven clock with object-oriented interface |
| SE504642C2 (sv) * | 1995-07-14 | 1997-03-24 | Ipumatic Ab | Anordning för att överföra moment mellan två roterbara axlar |
-
1997
- 1997-03-21 ES ES009700616A patent/ES2150832B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-04-21 DE DE19716600A patent/DE19716600A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-05-19 JP JP12869297A patent/JP3434669B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-10 BR BR9703786A patent/BR9703786A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-06-11 FR FR9707223A patent/FR2749894B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1997-06-11 US US08/873,041 patent/US6116399A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-06-12 GB GB9712131A patent/GB2314137B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US6116399A (en) | 2000-09-12 |
| BR9703786A (pt) | 1998-10-27 |
| FR2749894A1 (fr) | 1997-12-19 |
| JPH1047381A (ja) | 1998-02-17 |
| ES2150832A1 (es) | 2000-12-01 |
| FR2749894B1 (fr) | 2001-06-29 |
| GB9712131D0 (en) | 1997-08-13 |
| JP3434669B2 (ja) | 2003-08-11 |
| DE19716600A1 (de) | 1997-12-18 |
| GB2314137A (en) | 1997-12-17 |
| GB2314137B (en) | 2000-11-29 |
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